DE102008046601A1 - mast - Google Patents

Abstract

A mast (14), which is particularly suitable for supporting the nacelle of a wind power machine, has a peripheral wall composed of axially successive honeycomb rings (28). Each honeycomb ring (28) in turn consists of a two-layer tube bundle. The honeycomb rings (28) are mechanically connected to each other via connecting rings (30), which carry with the openings of the honeycomb rings (28) cooperating connecting sleeves.

Description

The The invention relates to a mast, in particular for carrying the gondola a wind power machine according to the preamble of claim 1.

such Masts welded from steel plates or round tube material include, are used variously, for. B. for carrying the Gondola of wind power machines for carrying floodlights in stadiums etc.

These Masts have in practice a considerable length and great weight, so that the transport on the public streets difficult designed.

By the present invention is to be created a mast made of lightweight parts, which then at the construction site to the mast together become.

These The object is achieved by a mast with the features specified in claim 1.

One Mast according to the invention has a honeycomb shape Structure of its peripheral wall, which is formed by paralle tubes is.

advantageous Further developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The Development of the invention according to claim 2 is advantageous in view of a high bending strength of the mast.

at the mast according to claim 3 can the individual tubes can be arranged very close to each other. The rounds Cross-section tubes can also be particularly simple handle. It is not necessary to assemble the tubes to the tube bundle to pay attention to the orientation of the individual tubes and you can For the production of the tubes the proven methods for manufacturing use of pipes. Also, the individual tubes have no sharp curved surface sections, where fatigue fractures occur can.

The Development of the invention according to claim 4 is again in view of particularly high flexural rigidity of Mastes of advantage.

Also with the developments of the invention according to claims 5 and 6 can be a achieve high packing density of the tubes. The diameters of the pipes and the pitch circles on which the tubes are arranged are like this Matched that one in each circle of tubes one has integer variety of tubes, so every layer of tubes closed is.

Also The development of the invention according to claim 7 is in view on high stability of the mast of advantage, where the weight of the tower Material does not have to be transported as part of the mast, rather as flowable or pourable material is delivered to the site and only then introduced into the pipes.

at a mast according to claim 8 you can see the unfilled ones Pipes as channels that can be used to lay cables.

The Tubes according to the invention a Can form masts in principle, be extruded on site, so that you can pipe material also as bulk material respectively can. Alternatively, you can also make the pipes in the factory, wherein it is then preferably according to claim 9 pipe segments produced, whose length still a trouble-free transport on the public roads allows. Also with regard to producing distortion-free pipes, it can be beneficial to the length the pipe segments not too big too choose.

The Development of the invention according to claim 10 is in view of easy handling of the pipe segments before and during assembly of the mast advantageous.

According to claim 11 you can the ends of the pipe segments in a very simple manner axially stick together.

The same advantage receives one according to claim 12 with respect to a holding together the pipe segments of a pipe ring in radial and / or circumferential direction.

The Development of the invention according to claim 13 is in terms of particularly easy alignment of the pipe segments advantageous.

at a mast according to claim 14, the connecting parts on a particularly high strength.

used one the compound specified in claim 15, so you can also from straight pipe segments composing pipes that are slightly curved. curved Pipe sections are, for example, in terms of manufacture of masts of advantage, whose base is widened to the stability to increase or a more pleasing one To achieve appearance.

According to claim 16 can be joined together overlapping elements. The connecting elements can thus be selected small be, but still put together a very resilient structure. With the development according to claim 16 it is also ensured that the plate parts of the connecting elements also have the same thickness at the ends of the latter.

The Development of the invention according to claim 17 is in terms of transmission high forces parallel to their plate part level of advantage.

The Development of the invention according to claim 18 is advantageous in view of the low weight of the tubes in terms of transport over the public streets is beneficial, but brings about it In addition, a high tenacity and load capacity of the mast.

The Development of the invention according to claim 19 is advantageous in terms of high load capacity of the mast.

The Development of the invention according to claim 20, with a view to improving the stability of the lower mast end, in terms of a good tilt-free carrying a heavy load through the top of the mast and in view be beneficial to the look of the mast.

One Mast, according to claim 21 is formed, even with many years of use in his mechanical Properties unchanged. The use of plastic for the wall of a mast is in itself also advantageous in view of this that such a mast does not have to be painted.

One Mast according to claim 22 combines the mechanical advantages of a mast whose wall through a tube bundle is formed, with the advantages of a conventional mast with respect to a smooth outer surface. Latter may be in terms of avoiding soiling and in terms of on smooth flow conditions to be beneficial to the mast.

there receives one according to claim 23 a particularly secure fit of the outer lining on the tube bundle.

The Development of the invention according to claim 24 is of interest in terms of assembling the outer lining of parts that each have small dimensions.

The Development of the invention according to claim 25 is with regard to secure fit of the outer lining on the tube bundle of Advantage. Furthermore can the clamping devices also contribute to the strength of the tube bundle.

One Mast according to claim 26 also has a smooth inner surface.

there is the development of the invention according to claim 27 again in terms this is an advantage, the interior lining of pieces with small dimensions reassemble.

below The invention will be described with reference to embodiments with reference closer to the drawing explains:

In show this:

1 a side view of a wind turbine;

2 an enlarged perspective view of the mast of 1 in which its structure is recognizable from axially behind one another honeycomb rings;

3 a perspective view of a honeycomb ring;

4 a perspective view of a connecting part, as used for connecting axially one behind the other honeycomb rings;

5 an illustration of two honeycomb rings, one of which is partially equipped with connecting elements;

6 an axial view of a part of a modified fastener element ring;

7 a perspective view of two held together by a fastener ring element honeycomb rings;

8th an axial section through a part of a connecting element and ends of pipe segments which are fixed on this part of the connecting element;

9 a perspective view of a modified unit for connecting pipe segments;

10 a transverse section through a part of a modified mast, which is provided with an outer panel and an inner lining;

11 a schematic representation of the lower portion of a modified mast, wherein the tube bundle is aufgekelcht to the lower end;

12 a schematic representation of a curved portion of a pipe segment constructed of pipe segments;

13 a schematic side view of a modified wind power machine whose mast widens towards the foundation;

14 a similar view as 5 in which, however, a single-shell tube bundle arrangement is shown; and

15 an enlarged perspective view of a connecting element of 14 ,

In 1 The most important parts of a wind turbine are shown.

One in the ground 10 taken in foundation 12 carries a mast 14 , which in practice may have a height of 40 to 80 meters or more. The upper end of the mast 14 carries a mounting plate 16 on which rotates a generator 18 sitting. A generator shaft 20 carries a hub 22 a total with 24 designated propeller with wings 26 ,

How out 2 As can be seen, there is the mast 14 from axially superimposed honeycomb rings 28 passing through tie wreaths 30 are held together. The honeycomb rings 28 each have an axial length of in practice 10 to 20 Meters and consist in turn of two rings to each other radially and circumferentially adjacent pipe segments 32 . 34 ,

In the second lowest honeycomb ring 28 is a door 36 provided through which the interior of the mast 14 is accessible. The door 36 is via a ladder or stairs 38 accessible, which is removable.

The arrangement of the pipe segments 32 and 34 is out 3 clearly visible. The outer pipe segments 32 are arranged on a larger circle than the inner tube segments 34 , and the number of pipe segments 32 is equal to the pipe segments 34 , Thus lies an inner tube segment 34 each in the gutter, passing through two adjacent pipe segments 32 is formed. The diameter of the pipe segments 34 is chosen so that they also abut each other in the circumferential direction without play.

The pipe segments 32 . 34 are extruded plastic parts that can be produced on site by a granular and filler mobile extruder. The pipe segments 32 . 34 but can also be produced in a factory and transported on trucks to the place of use.

4 shows a single connector 40 which, together with further identical connecting elements, the connecting ring 30 forms.

The connecting element 40 has an outer circular arc plate section 42 and a concentric thereto, but offset in the circumferential direction radially inner circular arc-shaped plate portion 44 , These two plate sections are over an obliquely extending with radial extension component plate portion 46 firmly connected.

The outer plate section 42 carries three pairs in the opposite direction from it running off connection sleeves 48 . 50 whose outer diameter is press-fitted into the ends of outer tube segments 32 can be moved into it.

The inside plate section 42 wears three pairs of aligned connection sleeves 52 . 54 , whose outer diameter is chosen so that the connecting sleeves 52 . 54 in an interference fit in the smaller diameter tube segments 34 are movable into it.

The connecting element 40 is in each case a casting, but can also be welded together from a plate part corresponding shape and sleeve parts, as in 8th shown. There are the welds with 56 designated.

To good stress welds 56 To obtain are the edges of through holes 58 the plate sections 44 . 46 and the inner edges of the ends of the pipe segments 32 . 34 cheated as in 8th shown. Instead of separate connection sleeves 48 . 50 respectively. 52 . 54 are used through long sleeves, which form the connecting sleeves with their protruding sections.

6 shows a part of a modified connection collar 30 ' , which consists of modified connecting elements 40 ' is composed. These differ from the already described connecting elements 40 in that the plate sections 42 . 44 each carry four pairs of connecting sleeves. The radial plate section 46 is wider in the circumferential direction and extends over two circumferentially adjacent pairs of connecting sleeves.

In addition, the edges of the plate sections 42 . 44 . 46 designed so that the outside of the inner panel sections 44 each form fit on the inner sides of the outer plate sections 42 issue.

9 shows the connection of the ends of two pipe segments 32 using connecting pins 60 with a bead in the middle 62 on point. The connecting pins 60 have a through hole 64 and two transversal bores symmetrical to its median plane 66 in which locking pins 68 Inclusion, which also by locking holes 70 run, which are aligned in the mutually facing end portions of the pipe segments 32 are provided.

In the modification, one can use instead of frictionally locking locking pins 68 also use threaded locking pins. You can also glue the locking pins or by heating thermally with the walls of the locking holes 70 weld.

In a further modification one can according to 10 a locking collar 30 from a bent triangular truss structure 70 build, each at the nodes on both sides above connecting sleeves 48 . 50 respectively. 52 . 54 wearing.

At the in 10 shown masts is on the outside of the tube bundle an outer lining 74 mounted, the four circumferentially offset trim segments 76 has, at its ends with clamping straps 78 . 80 are provided. At this grip clamp 82 at. In this way, the panel segments 76 securely held on the outside of the tube bundle.

The panel segments 76 have an inner surface 84 which is complementary to the outer surface of the tube bundle. An outer surface 86 the panel segments 76 is smooth cylindrical. The panel segments 76 may be plastic moldings, sheet metal parts or massive parts made of concrete or the like.

On the inside, the tube bundle carries an interior lining 88 not shown in detail and may again comprise four circumferentially abutting segments, which are held together by clamping straps and clamping bracket. The interior lining 88 has an outer surface 90 whose geometry is complementary to the inner surface of the tube bundle and an inner surface 92 that is smooth cylindrical.

If desired, one can order the trim segments 76 a circumferentially closed clamping band 94 or place (axially spaced) a plurality of such tension bands to clamp the panel segments fixed to the tube bundle. Are the fairing segments 76 rigid, one thus also contributes to the mechanical strength of the tube bundle.

11 shows the lower end of a modified mast 14 who is upset to the bashin. For this purpose, it is possible to bend continuous tubes of the tube bundle accordingly, but preferably the tube segments are placed in the foot region of the mast 32 and 34 over fasteners 40 * respectively. 40 ** together, which are slightly wedge-shaped, as in 12 shown. The corresponding connecting elements then carry their connecting sleeves at a greater circumferential distance than the connecting elements described above 40 for the main part of the mast, so that one obtains a radial and circumferential spacing of the individual tubes in the lower end portion of the mast.

You can see the opening angle of the cone on which the inner tube segments 34 lie, choose smaller than the opening angle of the cone on which the pipe segments 32 lie so that the pipe segments 32 . 34 each form a triangular framework with their lower sections, as also schematically 12 seen.

It is understood that the connecting sleeves 48 . 50 . 52 . 54 the modified connecting elements 40 * and 40 ** angularly corresponding to the tilting of the top surfaces of the plate sections 42 . 44 tilted against each other.

13 schematically shows a side view of a wind turbine, with a mast 14 equipped, which widens towards the base. It can be seen that such a mast is characterized by a particularly pleasing appearance and has a large footprint.

14 shows the use of honeycomb rings 28 the only one ring of pipe segments 32 exhibit. For connecting the honeycomb rings 28 serve verbingunselmente 40 as they get closer in 15 are shown. Components already described above bear the same reference numerals, even if they differ in detail.

The connecting elements 40 have end sections 96 . 98 , each half the thickness of the plate part 42 to have. The end section 96 wears connecting sleeves 48 . 50 while the end section 98 at the appropriate places receiving openings 100 having, through which a Verbindugshülse 50 can be inserted in a press fit.

Shoulder 102 at the inner ends of the end sections 96 . 98 lie, each complementary to the free end face of the other end portion are executed. In this way you can see the fasteners 40 Assemble to a connecting ring, which forms a smooth continuous annular plate member which is occupied on both sides with connecting sleeves.

For some applications, it is ausrei when the mast 14 has only the above-described construction of pipes or pipe segments and connecting rings.

to increase The stability can be the pipes or pipe segments but also Fill with a heavy material on site, eg. B. with gravel, sand or concrete.

you receives so a generally very resilient and stable mast, the in only small dimensions and not too heavy Share about public streets can be brought to the construction site, where the parts are then assembled and optionally filled become.

Claims (27)

Mast, in particular for carrying a wind power machine, with a wall running in the circumferential direction, characterized in that the wall by parallel tubes ( 32 . 34 ) is formed. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) are arranged in several radial layers. Mast according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) are round. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) are tightly packed. Mast according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the layers of pipes ( 32 . 34 ) equal numbers of tubes ( 32 . 34 ), which have matching different dimensions. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layers of pipes ( 32 . 34 ) have unequal numbers of tubes having the same dimension. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least in a part of the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) a heavy material is filled, especially sand, gravel or concrete. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) is free throughout. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least a part of the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) of axially assembled tube segments ( 32 . 34 ) consists. Mast according to claim 9, characterized in that at least a part of the pipe segments to a honeycomb ring ( 28 ) connected is. Mast according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the ends of the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) via connecting elements ( 40 ) are held together axially, which positively, non-positively or materially connected to the ends of the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) work together. Mast according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the ends of the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) via connecting elements ( 40 ) are held together in the radial direction and / or in the circumferential direction, which positively, positively or materially connected to the ends of the tube segments ( 30 . 32 ) work together. Mast according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 40 ) a plate part ( 42 . 44 . 46 ), from the aligned on both sides connecting sleeves ( 48 . 50 . 52 . 54 ) stand out. Mast according to claim 13, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 40 ) Are castings or welded parts. Mast according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 40 ) are formed so that the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) are connected under angular offset. Mast according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 40 ) End sections ( 96 . 98 ) have complementary contour and reduced thickness, which together form a flush section of the plate part ( 42 ) form. Mast according to claim 18, characterized in that at least one first ( 96 ) of the end sections ( 96 . 98 ) at least one connecting sleeve ( 48 . 50 ) and the second ( 98 ) of the end sections ( 96 . 98 ) for each of the first end section ( 96 ) worn connection sleeve ( 48 . 50 ) a receiving opening ( 100 ) having. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) or the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) are made of plastic, in particular extrodiert are. Mast according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the connecting elements ( 40 ) fixed to the ends of the pipe segments ( 32 . 34 ) are connected, for. B. glued to these, welded, pinned or screwed. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the tubes ( 32 . 34 ) are curved at least in one section. Mast according to one of claims 28 to 20, characterized in that the material of the plastic pipes contains UV blocker or the plastic pipes ( 32 . 34 ) carry a layer of UV-blocking material. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the tube bundle ( 32 . 34 ) of an outer lining ( 74 ) is surrounded, which has a smooth outer surface. Mast according to claim 22, characterized in that the outer lining ( 74 ) an inner surface ( 84 ) whose geometry to the outer surface of the tube bundle ( 32 . 34 ) is complementary. Mast according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the outer lining ( 74 ) several circumferential segments ( 76 ) fastened by fastening means ( 78 to 82 ) are held together. Mast according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the outer lining ( 74 ) by clamping means ( 94 ) on the outside of the tube bundle ( 32 . 34 ) is held. Mast according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that on the inside of the tube bundle ( 32 . 34 ) an interior lining ( 88 ) whose outer surface is complementary to the inner surface of the tube bundle ( 32 . 34 ) and whose inner surface is substantially smooth. Mast according to claim 26, characterized in that the inner lining ( 88 ) comprises a plurality of circumferential segments held together by fastening means.