DE102008039988A1 - Applying colmation layers in river banks and onto lake bed of water bodies in combination with inlake treatment of acidic and/or potentially acidic water, by applying and/or introducing lime- and dolomite products on and/or into water body - Google Patents

Abstract

The method for applying colmation layers in river banks and onto a lake bed of water bodies in combination with an inlake treatment of acidic and/or potentially acidic water by introducing alkaline substances such as burned and unburned lime- and dolomite products, comprises repeatedly applying and/or introducing the burned and unburned lime- and dolomite products, which are introduced on lake surface and/or over the lake bed in powder form and/or in suspension concentration of 5-35% by using ship- and/or pipeline system and distribution technology, on and/or into the water body. The method for applying colmation layers in river banks and onto a lake bed of water bodies in combination with an inlake treatment of acidic and/or potentially acidic water by introducing alkaline substances such as burned and unburned lime- and dolomite products, comprises repeatedly applying and/or introducing the burned and unburned lime- and dolomite products, which are introduced on the lake surface and/or over the lake bed in powder form and/or in a suspension concentration of 5-35% by using ship pipeline system and/or pipeline system and distribution technology, on and/or into the water body by using the ship pipeline system and/or pipeline system. The grain distribution of the lime- and dolomite products with a total content of calcium oxide and calcium carbonate in the active substrate of greater than 70%, where the grain distribution is less than 5 mu m in the active substrate of 10%, is 5-50 mu m in the active substrate of 50%, is 51-100 mu m in the active substrate of 90% and is greater than 100 mu m in the active substrate of 10%. A potential alkalinity of 10-1000 mole-equivalent/m 2>is adjusted at the water body with a specific overdosage. The lime- and dolomite products in the ingredient and/or in the ingredient mixture have a portion of greater than 5%. The ingredient concentration in dependent of the lake depth is adjusted to 1-15 mass% in less than 5 m lake depth and greater than 10 mass% in greater than 5 m lake depth related for the alkaline material to be introduced. The specific input quantity on the lake surface in dependent of the lake depth is repeatedly adjusted to 1-10 g/m 2>in less than 5 m lake depth and 10-1000 g/m 2>in greater than 5 m lake depth. The application of the colmation layer at the lake bottom repeatedly takes place by wind and/or thermally induced lake flows in the epilimnion. The lime- and dolomite products are hydrophobic. The hydrophobicity takes place with calcium- and/or magnesium stearate. The hydrophobic effect for the lime- and dolomite products is adjusted to a time of 5 minutes to 2 hours.

Description

The invention relates to the treatment of surface waters and the generation of colmation layers for waters with a water volume of> 200,000 m ³ .

In The result of lignite mining will be cavities in the used landscape, which is gradually becoming and fill in surface water. In many cases is caused by the rising groundwater and the associated geological and chemical conditions in the newly created overburden a lake landscape created by extremely acidic waters with high heavy metal contents, especially with high iron contents is marked.

Main entry source for solutes and acids in one Such Tagebausee are the groundwater and the tilting material. The acid potential of the tilting material is usually based on the weathering of iron disulfides contained by the rearrangement the coal cover layers in open pit mining. The so-called waste material is thus intensively the weathering-promoting components Exposed to air (oxygen) and water. The deposited and weathered Tipping material will over time through groundwater and leachate washed out, the so mobilized substances removed and, for example introduced in open-pit mines by groundwater recovery. A second The source of entry is the erosion of banks of tilting material. The Mobilization takes place here by waves, rainwater etc. Result of weathering and leaching is a highly mineralized acid Water, in which as the acid carrier sulphate and iron ions dominate.

Especially in lake chains untreated seawater flows into downstream Lakes or river basins over the groundwater. Also Outflows in settlement areas are known and lead to the degradation of the underground economy and to Damage to buildings. Often such groundwater flows arrive from mining lakes into areas of active mining and lead at additional expenses. In addition, are for the open-pit mines to be filled increase flooding water volumes required.

For the treatment of acid Tagebauseen so-called inlake method z. In DE 103 04 009.9 described, after using the Inlake process technology, injector and mixing technology and fine-grained neutralizing agent and intelligent distribution technology on floating piping an improved effect on the use of neutralizing agents is achieved. A good mixing of the neutralizing agent and the distribution of the suspensions in the lake are limited in the efficiency, the material conversion and thus in the cost optimization of such methods. To achieve high efficiencies large volume flows are to be moved, which causes very high operating costs.

According to a proposal by file number DE 103 44 857.8 is achieved by designing the distribution device, the adjustment of the substance concentration to <1% on the sea surface and the pH adjustment depending on the feedstock in the water body to achieve a high efficiency. In particular, in morphologically unfavorable waters with predominantly shallow water areas and / or deep hoses and heavily articulated waters possibly with island areas, this method has limits.

Also in the publications DE 4124073 A1 and WO 02/16272 A1 Methods for the treatment of acidic waters are described. However, the application for larger mining lakes requires a disproportionate technical-technical effort and is not suitable here.

In DE 20 2004 002 159.5 an arrangement is described, which is characterized by a combination of tank / silo vehicle, intermediate storage container, a floating mobile and mobile / mobile storage and entry unit with a distribution system and are transported with the neutralizing agent on an acidic waters and distributed. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that this arrangement can only be used on waters whose bank area is fixed at least in places accordingly. Due to the required transport costs large and costly floating facilities are required. The complex storage and entry unit must have a high load capacity and causes a high energy demand.

After a procedural proposal DE 10 2004 032 404 the substance concentration of each neutralizing agent used should be adjusted to <0.2% down to one meter depth by the speed of a floating mobile and mobile storage / transport and entry unit on the surface of the water. The disadvantage of this solution is that after emptying the storage and transport device, the system must travel empty over the body of water and the effectiveness of the system is additionally reduced by required Umschlagsprozesse. Overall, the operating costs are significant compared to the product cost. The complex system must have a high load capacity and is therefore very expensive to manufacture and causes high operating costs.

In DE 102 27 951 describes a method for controlling the water quality in open waters, according to the defined water-active substance suspensions, consisting of unfired and burned dolomite products depending on the flow direction for the establishment of colmation and reaction walls in the bank and slope area in the entrance and / or or be applied in the outlet area of groundwater currents. Disadvantages of this process are high levels of inert magnesium compounds which lead to small amounts of neutralization reaction / precipitation products.

Out DE 10 2004 030 966 is a method for multifunctional control of water quality in open waters has become known after the surface of surface water from surface mines in the groundwater fine-grained alkaline feedstocks with a particle size of <2 mm in a concentration of> 3% with a layer thickness of up to 2 m be incorporated or flushed into the respective embankment area. A disadvantage of the proposed method is that in the outflow of groundwater preferably calcined lime or dolomite products should be used. Since these are very reactive, they will consume quickly and a Kolmationswirkung works only for short periods.

Are known further buildings for sealing as in DE 69001654 T2 . DE 19622915 C2 and DE 3720519 where some vertical slot walls up to 60 m depth with enormous material, time and cost are required.

Analogous methods for the production of sheet piling, as in DE 3952131401 known, which also can not be used in large bodies of water, because of the significant cost and material costs.

aim and object of the invention are one possibility acidic and / or potentially based on the inlake conditioning to find acid waters, after combined with Inlake treatment reduces the amount of effluent of seawater through the targeted application of colmation layers / carpets, into the groundwater / surface water can be effected.

According to the invention the object is achieved in that the Inlakebehandlung a Water preferably locally in those places the body of water takes place several times, where below lying the main amount of water flows as groundwater. The local multiple treatment of the water masses over the lake bottom from the mainly the effluent of the lake water in the groundwater takes place so often, resulting from the reaction products the water treatment on the lake / river bed forming Kolmationschicht a sufficient flow resistance has produced seabed / aquifer at the boundary layer. This can be done by electrophysics measurements on the lake bottom and groundwater level on the downstream side of the water body to be controlled.

According to the invention, the fired and unburned lime and dolomite products to be introduced on the sea surface or above the lake bottom are repeatedly pulverized and / or suspended in a suspension concentration of 5 to 35% by means of ship or pipeline and distribution technology and / or into the water body. or introduced, wherein the particle size distribution of the used calcined and unburned lime and dolomite products with a total content of CaO and CaCO3 in the active ingredient substrate of> 70%: 10% <5 μm 50% 5-50 μm 90% 51-100 μm 10% > 100 μm is.

This Process can be effective by introducing colourant substances directly above the sea floor through known hose distribution systems be supplemented.

The order or contract is carried out in the implementation of the method such that with a specific overdose at the bottom of the river an alkalinity potential of 10 to 1000 mol equivalent / m ^{2 is} set.

The to be introduced on the sea surface or over the lake bottom fired and unbaked lime and dolomite products should preferably in the feedstock and / or in the feed mixture a share of> 5% burned Containing lime and dolomite products.

at the realization of the method according to the invention is the feed concentration for the fired and unburned lime and dolomite products depending on from the sea depth several times at <5 m sea depth to 1 to 15 Ma.% and> 5 m sea depth to> 10 Ma.% in relation to the one to be introduced burned and unbaked lime and dolomite products.

The consideration of the water depth success continues such that the specific entry volume of the fired and unburned lime and dolomite products on the lake surface depending on the sea depth at <5 m sea depth 1 to 10 g / m ² and> 5 m sea depth> 10 to 1000 g / m ² .

to Adjustment of the Kolmationswirkung takes place when using the Wind and / or thermally induced sea currents in the epilimnion the creation of a colmation layer at the bottom of the lake several times.

According to the invention the setting of the Kolmationswirkung further by the fact that the burned and unbaked lime and dolomite products are hydrophobic and in particular according to the molecular structure of the used fired and unbaked lime and dolomite products calcium and / or Magnesium stearates are used.

at the implementation of the invention Method is the hydrophobing effect for the fired and unfired lime and dolomite products for a period of 5 min set to 2 h. In this way, a time-delayed Neutralization and / or solution reaction are effected the exact setting of the Kolmationsschichtstärke allowed.

Based on the proposed method, the following novel effects are achieved:
It is built a Kolmationsschicht and the existing chemical neutralization potential in the direction of the outflowing groundwater flow into the upcoming mountains leads in addition to the given chemical reactions to Kolmationswirkungen that support the physical and biological Kolmation.

Further becomes part of the existing alkalinity of the lake floor storing alkaline substances by internal currents worn in the sea body and the neutralization process of the sea body with it.

The Optimization of the overall process is dependent from the morphology of the nautical body over the Water specific amount of substance to be supplied, the type of substance and their grain composition, local positioning the amount of substance added to the nautical body and the number of repetitive treatments the water and the lake or shore

in the Interaction with a lake neutralization process is preferred controlled so that only parts of the amount of substance dissolved in the water and / or react in precipitation / neutralization reactions and 1 to 99% on the lake bottom or bank slopes be deposited.

The Principle of the invention will be apparent from the following application example be explained in more detail.

A Bergbaufolgesee with 30 million m ³ seawater content, with an area of 400 ha, with a pH of 2.9 and an iron content of about 30 mg / l is with alkaline substances by means of Inlaketechnik in a known manner by means of renovation ship or Piping distribution system neutralized.

The seawater treatment is carried out within 4-8 weeks with a molar amount of 12,000 t of limestone powder to increase the pH, to precipitate the heavy metals, especially iron in preferred areas of the lake. To apply Kolmationsschichten the seawater treatment is preferably carried out several times at the points of the sea body where the main portion of the seawater flows into the aquifer. These areas are located by means of electrophysical measurements. The amount applied to the surface of the lake is 10 g / m ² in areas up to 4 m deep and 100 g / m ² in deeper areas.

The significant amounts of heavy metal sludge resulting from the neutralization reactions quickly settle on the lake bottom and lead sustainably to a physical colmation of the lake bottom. The existing one Residual alkalinity of the proportionately large area deposited limestone flour layers at the beginning of the process to a chemical colmation in the upper seabed layer and supports the overall process.

With the use of dolomite-containing neutralization products in addition biological processes set in motion, which stabilize the colmation effect in a sustainable biological way. The ones from Seegrund delivered residual alkalinity to the seawater the neutralization process of the entire body of water primarily by the always existing thermally induced and wind-induced sea currents.

The often required aftercare in seawater treatment of Bergbaufolgeseen by the inflow of acidic groundwater is also according to the invention preferably carried out locally at the points of the lake which are significantly affected by groundwater runoff.

The usually after decades required aftercare for the neutralization of seawater as a result of inflow acidic groundwater with 2000-4000 t / a lime / dolomite product is also carried out so that always the seawater treatment with Resulting amounts of sludge at the points of the water takes place where the groundwater runoff is greatest is.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10304009 [0005]
• - DE 10344857 [0006]
• - DE 4124073 A1 [0007]
• WO 02/16272 A1 [0007]
• DE 202004002159 [0008]
• - DE 102004032404 [0009]
• - DE 10227951 [0010]
• - DE 102004030966 [0011]
• - DE 69001654 T2 [0012]
• - DE 19622915 C2 [0012]
• - DE 3720519 [0012]
• - DE 3952131401 [0013]

Claims (8)

Method for creating colmation layers in embankments and on the lake bottom of waters, in particular in conjunction with an inlake treatment of acidic and / or potentially acidic waters by introducing alkaline substances, preferably from calcined and unburned lime and dolomite products, characterized in that the means Ship or pipeline and Verteiltechnik on the sea surface or introduced over the lake bottom burned and unburned lime and dolomite products repeatedly in powder form and / or in a suspension concentration of 5 to 35% on and / or in the water body several times by ship or The grain distribution of the fired and unfired lime and dolomite products used with a total content of CaO and CaCO3 in the active substance substrate of> 70%: 10% <5 μm 50% 5-50 μm 90% 51-100 μm 10% > 100 μm and an alkalinity potential of 10 to 1000 mol equivalent / m ^{2 is} set with a specific overdose at the bottom of the water. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the calcined lime and dolomite products in the feedstock and / or have a proportion of> 5% in the feed mixture. Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized that the feed concentration depends on the sea depth at <5 m sea depth 1 to 15 Ma.% and> 5 m sea depth> 10 Ma.% adjusted for the introduced alkaline substances becomes. A method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the specific amount of input to the lake surface several times as a function of the sea depth at <5 m sea depth 1 to 10 g / m ² and> 5 m sea depth> 10 to 1000 g / m ² set becomes. Method according to Claims 1 to 4, characterized that when exploited by wind and / or thermally induced Sea currents in epilimnion the application of a colmation layer on the seabed several times. Method according to Claims 1 to 5, characterized that the fired and unburned lime and dolomite products hydrophobic are. Method according to Claims 1 to 6, characterized that the hydrophobing with calcium and / or magnesium stearates he follows. Method according to Claims 1 to 7, characterized that the hydrophobing effect for the fired and unbaked lime and dolomite products for a period of 5 min 2 h is set.