DE102008039919A1 - Prefabricated brick unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated brick unit of bricks, consisting of at least two or more interconnected in at least horizontal direction individual bricks, wherein the dimensional deviation of the brick unit does not exceed at least in length a predetermined tight tolerance.

Description

I. Field of application

The The invention relates to a prefabricated brick unit of individual bricks, in particular of several bricks above each other, as well a manufacturing process for this.

II. Technical background

bricks are a very cheap building material, they have one Series of building physical advantages and have under the bricks the largest market share.

For manufacturing reasons The size of the brick is limited. As before, bricks on the construction site become stone by hand set on stone, making the construction of brickwork very Strongly crafted and time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive.

While it has succeeded in other construction sectors, through the use of machinery, rational production methods, etc. of the personnel cost burden partly to counteract the construction of masonry continues through a low degree of prefabrication and mechanization as well labor-intensive masonry work.

This is partly due to the manufacturing-related, relatively large deviations in bricks, on the one hand due to the occurring wear of the So-called mouthpiece, so the backdrop through which the soft clay is pressed during tile forming to give it the hollow-chamber shape to give, and on the other by the delay in the subsequent Dry or burn the brick.

brick show production-related height deviations.

at conventional bricks are the Höhenmaßtoleranzen the brick in the z. B. approx. 12 mm or 6 mm thick mortar bed the horizontal bearing joint caught. The application of the mortar layer requires However, a relatively high workload, furthermore, the conventional used mortar worse insulation properties as the brick itself, thus creating a thermal bridge On the other hand, mortared bed joints, covering the upper and lower bearing surfaces and thus close the cavities of the bricks, to an improvement sound insulation and an increase in airtightness.

at on the other hand, the so-called flat roofs become the storage areas Ground plane-parallel to the factory, resulting in a high dimensional accuracy in terms of height is achieved.

Planziegel, which walled up with thin-bed joints of 1-3 mm However, they are in the acquisition because of their higher production costs more expensive, so the saving partially compensated for working hours by higher material costs becomes.

When building masonry high cut stone content:

Out Time and cost reasons, brickwork has been around longer almost exclusively without butt jointing executed. While in the past through Enlargement of mortared butt joints up to 2 cm length compensation could be achieved Now is the length compensation largely by a corresponding stone cut reached.

One The major cost factor in the creation of masonry is the high number of cutting jobs. Even if in the conventional construction smaller differences in length due to different widths Butt joints can be compensated - the but for the sake of heat conduction actually should be avoided - the proportion is the cut stones, caused for example by wall breakthroughs, Bevels, curves, length tolerances of Bricks and the adaptation to the dimensions about 15% -70%. This work not only requires a lot of time, but it often comes to inaccuracies in the construction, which cause masonry gaps over a large area be filled with mortar and thus later Form thermal bridges and a poor plaster base.

Around to reduce the effort for cutting work or cheaper To be able to carry out, were from the industry developed various approaches.

Use of brick special formats:

Various Manufacturers offer special formats, such as initial and final tiles, Laying stones, window stop tiles, corner or angle tiles, on. Although these special formats lead to a partial reduction the required cutting work, but is disadvantageous in addition to the higher stone costs that several different stone formats stock must be kept, these stones often different building physics values compared to the standard formats and partially not the tooth pattern of the special tiles of a manufacturer matches those of standard bricks from another manufacturer.

Sliding tile:

From the DE 3615247C2 is a two-piece sliding brick known in which can be produced by telescoping the two brick components infinitely compensating lengths of 10 cm to 25 cm, which eliminates otherwise required cutting work especially in gaps in the masonry or door or window reveals.

Such Balancing stones are on the one hand from most manufacturers not offered, are expensive to buy and possess beyond thermal and sound insulation disadvantages.

Module of 2 bricks:

In the EP 1172190A2 a method for the production of bricks is described in which bricks ground immediately after firing at least on one side surface to a predetermined length or height and each two bricks are joined together by means of a mineral adhesive to form a brick module with a selectable joint width.

That Brick due to their dimensional tolerances different lengths also presents in the manufacture of prefabricated wall panels a problem.

Length compensation in butt joint:

In the DE 19830985A1 For example, in order to compensate for the length tolerances, it is proposed to push together a series of bricks together, to measure the actual dimension of the group and then to pull the bricks apart to the desired dimension while maintaining equal distances.

Cutting the wall edge:

In the DE 4433156A1 describes a method in which aerated concrete blocks are crunched and aligned on one side of the wall panel, the other side is cut flush after completion of the wall panel.

Trend towards larger sized stones:

in the Masonry is a development to ever larger sized Stones to large prefabricated To observe wall panels.

Cut out the wall panels from the whole:

In the EP 0945239A2 Several wall panels are made in one operation in the form of a continuous masonry wall, which is separated after curing in the individual wall panels.

Layout Element:

specially in commercial and industrial construction, the use is large-scale Plan elements such as from limestone or aerated concrete already widespread. Although unlike other wall building materials the size of bricks due to production limited has also been larger by the brick industry in recent years Stone formats developed (eg Wienerberger plan element T-500), the by their size (eg height 49.9 cm and length of 49.8 cm) a faster construction progress should allow.

On Reason of their technical values (high pressure resistance, moderate Heat protection) are these large-sized brick elements mainly used in commercial construction and less in home construction.

In terms of the time saving effect when using large formats has showed that the hoped-for construction time reductions caused by Preparatory work and secondary and rework work often not or to a lesser extent than expected. For example, the cutting of the plan elements is due to the size and the heavy weight of these bricks more time consuming.

Wall panel:

From various manufacturers are z. T. room height and width brick prefabricated components offered, the weather-independent in the factory usually half or be produced fully automatically. Differences will ever according to manufacturing method between potting, composite and wall panels.

While the size of these prefabricated bricks on the construction site Promotes rapid construction progress, are thus some Disadvantages connected. For transport are special vehicles (Low loader) required, due to the very high weight of the elements you can only use a strong crane (eg mobile crane) be offset. The wall panels are usually made object-related, This is a certain lead time until delivery to the construction site schedule. When connecting the individual wall panels together creates a butt joint over several layers of stone runs and is prone to cracking. Another disadvantage is that wall panels for the establishment of heavily structured masonry not or only poorly suited are.

Prefabricated kits:

Especially with wall building materials such as calcareous sand stone, aerated concrete and lightweight concrete are offered by various manufacturers prefabricated wall kits. Based on the construction site dimensions, the wall blocks are cut to size, the stones are palletized and delivered in the correct number and sequence according to the later use on the construction site. At the construction site, they can then be relocated relatively easily using a laying plan. By shifting work steps into prefabrication, significant time and cost savings can be realized.

High deviations in bricks:

Brick, especially perforated bricks, show production-related in comparison to other wall building materials such as limestone or Aerated concrete relatively high dimensional deviations - before everything in the horizontal brick length - on. These Deviations result mainly from the wear of the Mouthpiece of the brick press, deviations in the composition of clay or loam and shrinkage during drying and Burn.

Too small dimensional accuracy for automatic production:

Also if the deviations in practice are below the permissible limits Standard tolerances, the tolerances are too large to be timely. and costly milling, slotting or cutting work not on the job site, but automated in the factory. Reason for this is besides the different lengths the individual stones too, that the length of the brick in the practice is often a little below the nominal size, whereby the deviations of the individual bricks from the nominal dimension in add up the Great Wall of God.

conditioned by the higher compared to other wall materials Dimensional deviations and also the usually smaller stone formats, There are currently hardly prefabricated brickwork.

As from the use of components of other wall materials known However, the construction of masonry can be faster and cheaper done if the components used large format are and have such a high dimensional accuracy that different Work, such as cutting, in the prefabrication can be relocated.

III. Presentation of the invention

a) Technical task

• – in der Schaffung von großformatigen, vorgefertigten Ziegeleinheiten, welche vorzugsweise automatisch hergestellt werden, auf Grund ihrer Größe einen raschen Baufortschritt ermöglichen, aber noch problemlos transportiert und gehandhabt werden können und
• – eine hohe Längenmaßgenauigkeit aufweisen, so dass sie für einen automatischen Zuschnitt sowie die Vorfertigung von Fräs- und Schlitzarbeiten besonders geeignet sind.

The object of the present invention is therefore

• - In the creation of large-sized, prefabricated brick units, which are preferably produced automatically, due to their size allow rapid construction progress, but still can be easily transported and handled and
• - Have a high Längenmaßgenauigkeit, so that they are particularly suitable for automatic cutting and the prefabrication of milling and slitting work.

b) Solution of the task

The inventive solution is at least two or more bricks z. B. at their faces together to tile units such as single or multi-layered Brick bars (stone bars) in possibly different length graduations to connect, such as to stick, which is characterized are that their length-dimensional deviation is a given do not exceed a narrow tolerance. advantageous Embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

in the Following is to simplify formulations only of "bricks" the Speech without limiting the invention thereto.

There the representational brick bars a very high dimensional accuracy can show - if the blueprints be prepared by an appropriate software - time- and costly cutting, slotting and milling work Object-related automation-supported in prefabrication be relocated. By an appropriate machinery are this prefabrication work is faster, more accurate and less expensive as possible on the construction site.

The Elements can be regulated in large numbers climatic conditions are industrially prefabricated, depending on concrete building projects can then individual elements object-related be tailored. These cutting works can be done by modern cutting machines in prefabrication precise and be carried out inexpensively, here also round and diagonal cuts easily possible are.

On the construction site itself eliminates cutting and slitting work as far as possible and the individual bricks need only more assembled (prefabricated masonry). The Size of the individual bricks also facilitates a rapid construction progress.

Production of bricks:

At least two or more individual tiles are placed horizontally, at their sides abutting faces over the entire surface or part of the area, for example, strip-shaped or punctiform, glued together by thin-bed mortar to form a single-layer, bar-shaped tile rod.

low Unevenness of the brick faces can be due to equalize the thin-bed mortar in the joints become.

A such single-layer brick bar can by laying a Lagerfuge from mortar and then putting on another layer, at in turn, preferably the bricks of the next layer on their abutting faces over the entire surface or part of the surface through thin-bed mortar glued together, to a two-ply and in the episode also be expanded more than two-ply brick rod.

One Dispensing with butt joint bonding is only conceivable with sufficiently strong stabilizing bearing surfaces or Bearing joints, by a reinforcement applied there.

Regarding There are no restrictions on the width of the bricks used. As in the processing of the invention Bricks can be used on the construction site hoisting tools also brick formats with large widths such as 50 cm and thus high weight, can be used.

By appropriate pretreatment of the adhesive surfaces such as Cleaning the contact surfaces, pre-wetting, etc. will be achieved an increase in the adhesive quality.

Addition of adhesive additives:

to Increase the adhesive effect can the mortar Adhesive additives are added and / or the adhesive surface can be pretreated, z. B. cleaned, vorgenässt or be coated with primer.

Mortar with reduced thermal conductivity:

In one embodiment of the invention, a thin-bed mortar with a reduced thermal conductivity is used for the bonding, as it is for example in EP 1 044 940 B1 is described.

epoxy mortar:

At Spot of thin-bed mortars can be made use of of special mortars, such as epoxy resin, the one have much higher adhesion, the bending tensile strength the bricks produced with it are significantly increased.

Other adhesives:

The Connection of bricks to bricks according to the invention can also be achieved by other suitable bonding materials such as Hot melt adhesive, for example polyurethane hot melt adhesives, Acrylate-based adhesives, waterglass-based adhesives, MS polymer adhesives (Hybrid adhesives) or other connecting materials.

ever After used adhesive material, the strength of the produced Compound can be increased by adding to the glue, such as For example, thin-bed mortar, aggregates such as glass fibers are added.

Increase airtightness:

By the bonding of the bricks together to form the bricks becomes the Airtightness of masonry built with these elements improved because the bonding to the butt joints a windproof seal causes.

For The quality of the bricks is beneficial to that Assembling the bricks in a hall under controlled Conditions and constant temperature conditions takes place, as well as the curing of the elements.

Other forms of bonding than gluing:

Also when regarding the connection of bricks to stone bars that Bonding is the preferred embodiment, the invention not limited to this.

So The bricks can also be replaced by other methods, such as textile reinforcement on the side surfaces, the joining together at the end faces by brackets, dowels or about plastic or metal bands together, to elements greater length are connected.

Planziegel as starting material:

Preferably takes place for the preparation of the invention Brick bar the use of bricks with tongue and groove education (Bricks with butt jointing), creating a better cohesion the individual elements is achieved.

The Use of bricks whose front surfaces are level are formed, or of bricks with mortar bag, is however also possible.

For the production of the tile rod according to the invention, the use of flat planks is preferably provided. Planziegel are high hole bricks whose bearing surfaces are flat and plane-parallel, and whose dimensional tolerances for the brick height are ± 1.0 mm.

Use of bricks h> 249 mm:

The Standard height of plane roofs is 249 mm. There in the construction of masonry with the invention However, brick lifting tools are also used Using higher and thus heavier brick such as with a height of 374 mm for the creation of Bricks possible.

Use of bricks with integrated Thermal insulation:

From an increasing number of manufacturers offer whose brick channels are filled with insulation material are and which have a thermal conductivity of up to 0.08 W / mK, so that in monolithic construction, without additional external thermal insulation systems (ETICS), Energy-efficient houses and passive houses are being built can. A preferred embodiment of the invention therefore sees as starting material for the creation of Brick rods with very good thermal values Use of bricks before that provide integrated thermal insulation exhibit.

Next The use of standard bricks can be used to manufacture the bricks also special formats, such as corner tiles, with one side smooth face, can be used.

ever according to the intended use of the bricks for the preparation of the invention Bricks Bricks with different technical characteristics be used as starting material. Elements about for The homeowners are provided, therefore, for example, from Bricks composed with good thermal properties while in other uses bricks are more static Loading capacity or gross density class for the production the bricks will be used.

There the handling of the bricks on the construction site with lifting tools An embodiment of the invention provides for the use of Bricks with gripping holes in front, so that the brick rods can also be absorbed by stone grabs with clamping bolts.

Achieving high length measurement accuracy:

at Planstones, for the higher demands on the Dimensional tolerances apply, amounts to a length nominal dimension of for example, 247 mm the allowable mean ± 4 mm from the nominal dimension. In practice, it has been shown that the individual stone deviations ± 1-2 mm around the mean vary, with the mean often below the nominal size.

Within However, delivery for a structure may be the dimensions of the largest and smallest bricks at most differ by a certain amount. This is for bricks with a length of 247 mm 5 mm.

Regarding dimensional accuracy, the invention assumes that it It is not necessary for each tile to be exactly the same Length, but that it is sufficient, if respectively a larger number of bricks the same Has length. The manufactured brick rods can for example due to production-related dimensional tolerances the bricks used for their creation differ Have length dimensions. Within a length group, in which the brick bar was sorted, however, are all brick bars of equal length.

The the present invention thus does not intend the elimination the dimensional tolerances per se, but the creation respectively a group of bricks, about one or more different averages around z. B. by sorting, within derer the individual bars except for very small deviations have the same length, for example, 998 mm ± 0.5 mm, but in comparison to the bricks of other length groups, such as 1001 mm ± 0.5 mm or 996 mm ± 0.5 mm, shorter or longer.

Another method is instead of randomly producing different nominal dimensions of the brick rods and then sorting these brick rods into nominal size classes, specifically to produce brick rods of a specific nominal size class, for which, in turn, different methods are available:
One possibility is for this before the individual tiles according to their actual size, in particular the length, z. B. in 1 mm steps, to sort and then to use when creating a tile with a desired nominal size individual brick with suitable actual dimensions, which should preferably be done computer controlled. In addition, smaller dimensional tolerances can still be compensated by varying the thickness of the butt joints.

Single stones those in the production of the bricks not the necessary Actual measurements can either be used anyway be, namely for the production of brick rods, the then be trimmed anyway, or as individual stones go on sale as far as the dimensions of the brick inside the values permitted by the standards lie.

Around to fulfill certain special functions within a brick element, For example, to fill the edge termination of a brick element can in addition to the normal-sized bricks and individual tiles in Special formats are used, such as half-brick or corner tiles.

For a construction project will then preferably each brick rods of the same Nominal length used. Depending on the production quantity can also each brick rods of the same nominal length always be delivered to specific customers, such as a prefabricated house manufacturer. It is crucial that the tile units, regardless of the respective nominal size, very low Have length tolerances.

Measuring brick bars:

According to the invention the bricks made of bricks, z. As bricks, measured and grouped according to their respective length, so that in each case elements of the same length range are present. This grouping is preferably carried out in increments of 1 mm, however, the gradations can be larger or less than 1 mm. The measurement can be carried out by laser, ultrasound, Photocell or other suitable method done.

Become For example, four plane brick with a length command of 247 mm interconnected, so may at an assumed joint width of 3 mm each and at a level permitted by the standards of 5 mm between shortest and longest brick the length of the resulting bricks between smallest and largest brick bar theoretically vary by up to 20 mm.

at Length increments of 1 mm would thus result theoretically 21 length variants for one out of four Tile brick bar. For bricks made of more As four bricks are formed, the number of possible increases Length variants even higher.

Also when in practice the maximum length deviations of Brick depending on the manufacturer and brickwork below the permissible Values are specific to brick sticks that are four or more more bricks are formed, the number of possible Length variations still relatively high.

Sort out under- / oversize:

Around to reduce the number of possible length variations, therefore provides a preferred embodiment of the invention, that used for the manufacture of the bricks Measure bricks automatically and in particular according to their length be grouped. In addition to the length can do it for example, values such as height, width, angularity and / or the extent of unevenness of the faces be determined.

Become on the basis of these measured values then those bricks excreted, whose Values previously set limits for length, Fall below or exceed height or angularity and only such bricks for the production of the brick bars used, which have allowable readings, can thereby Increases the quality of the resulting bricks and the number of possible length variations be reduced.

Definition of measured values:

The Determination of the individual measured values becomes for example among other things depend on how many elements of different lengths the manufacturer of these bricks can or wants to stock whether individual measured values depend on the brick manufacturer or work relatively rarely or frequently occur, reusability excreted bricks, the respective production method during production the bricks of the invention and whether rather cheap or expensive bricks (such as those with fillers) as starting material for the production of the brick bars be used.

Further use of sorted bricks:

There Bricks that are sorted out in this measurement, still within the permissible standard dimensions can lie, For example, such bricks can be made by a brick manufacturer be supplied to the normal sale.

Provided not by any damage further use the screened brick is completely excluded such stones, for example, also stored separately and for the production of cutting stones or for the production of To use brick sticks that are intended by cutting, for example for the production of fitting elements for Prefabricated masonry to be further processed. Under- or excess lengths of such manufactured elements Compared to standard elements are then irrelevant, since these be tailored later.

Grouping short / long bricks:

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides, in addition to or in place of the above method, that bricks with different actual dimensions are combined with one another and used for the production of the bricks, that their deviations from the mean ge cancel or at least reduce.

These Embodiment makes use of the knowledge that the majority the brick has deviations of about ± 2 mm to a mean value.

Become thus bricks whose length is shorter than the mean of for example 246 mm, connected to bricks, whose length again is greater than the mean, then is the production of brick bars possible, whose length only varies within a relatively narrow range of dimensions. The tolerances of short and long bricks need not necessarily but it is at least a far-reaching one Compensation.

While For example, in the case of brick bars, which consist of four bricks with one Nominal dimension of 247 mm are composed, without measures for length compensation, the shortest of the longest element theoretically up to approx. 2 cm can differ, this span of measure in the case of production according to the invention to an area be reduced by ± 3 mm or even lower.

Use the same length brick:

A Another embodiment of the invention provides that for manufacturing The bricks used only bricks with the same or nearly equal lengths become.

So For example, you can measure bricks in a brick factory and only bricks whose length is a predetermined nominal size either exactly or do not deviate from it by more than ± 1 mm, for the production of the brick rods according to the invention used while all other bricks in the normal Sale.

Length compensation in butt joint:

Provided the connection of bricks to a brick bar with a mineral Glue such as mortar done, sees an embodiment the invention that by a different extent executed Butt joint between two bricks of the brick rod a corresponding one Extension of the brick bar be brought about can.

at Brick bars that have more than one butt joint can this in just one, in more than one - but not all - Butt joints, or all butt joints respectively.

Length compensation layer on face (s)

at Planziegeln is compensated by the height tolerances Grind to an exact height. Regarding the length However, the small dimensional accuracy of the brick can not or be compensated by grinding very expensive. The reason for this is above all the low strength of the Bricks, the high material wear during grinding and the tongue and groove formation of the end faces.

While During grinding, a compensation of tolerances by removing material takes place, provides an embodiment of the invention, that on a or both end face (s) of the invention Brick unit applied a length equalization layer such or post-processed, that the tile unit is a predetermined Length reached.

The Layer thickness of the length compensation layer depends depending on how big the difference to the desired length The brick unit that she is supposed to balance is preferably the thickness, however, ≤ 5 mm.

Material for length compensation layer

The Length compensation layer can be made of deformable materials, such as (light) mortar, be formed or even out solid materials such as wood, thermo-wood, WPC (wood plastic composites), plastic, calcium silicate, foam glass or other suitable materials.

Becomes as a material for the leveling mortar Used, the resilience of the leveling layer against any damage during transport or when handling on the construction site thereby increased be that the mortar additives such as Glass fibers are added.

Material properties for Length compensation layer

There the length compensation layer only a relatively small thickness and have no static load capacity needs, needs that used for the leveling layer Material only have a low vertical compressive strength, this can be significantly below that of the manufacture of brick units used bricks lie. The other building physics values of the material used for the leveling layer on the other hand, preferably similar to those for Production of brick units used bricks are, in particular bad Fire behavior, no or low moisture sensitivity, no or low shrinkage, low thermal conductivity and a vapor-diffusion resistance similar to the brick and water absorption coefficient.

Application of the length compensation layer

The length compensation layer is depending on the starting material by means of a suitable adhesive materials, such as PU adhesive, attached to one or both end faces) of the tile unit, in self-adhesive / -adhesive materials, in particular mortar, no additional adhesive is required.

at Bricks without tongue and groove training can be on the leveling layer the face of the brick unit over the entire surface are applied, but preferably the leveling layer applied only part of the surface, such as in shape of vertical strip or plate-shaped leveling layers.

at Bricks with Tongue and Tongue Forming is the leveling layer in one, several or all groove (s) applied and / or on one or several springs. Will the leveling layer on both faces the brick unit applied, for example, on an end face the leveling layer should be applied only in the joints, on the other Face on the other hand only on the springs.

Provided the leveling layer is not over the whole area on the face is applied, it is preferably close to the right or left edge of the end face applied so that when Assembly of the brick units according to the invention through the compensation layer no unnecessary enlargement the butt joint occurs and undesirable bumps the plaster base leads.

If the leveling layers in the grooves or springs, in which number and embodiment are applied, on the one hand of the embodiment the tongue and groove training to be determined and the other of the material or application method of the compensation layer. For bricks with a lot narrow springs, for example, the leveling layer tends to be in be applied to the grooves, while in bricks with very wide grooves and feathers, the compensation layer also on the springs can be located.

Achieving the dimensional accuracy

Becomes for the production of the length compensation layer a deformable material, such as mortar used, The material can be passed through an extruder via a nozzle strip-shaped or plate-shaped on the face the brick unit are applied.

Provided not already the order of length compensation layer with such a high accuracy that the tile unit is a predetermined Specified size, the leveling layer is applied with a slight oversize and for example by stripping off the superfluous Mortar the layer thickness of the leveling layer brought to the required nominal size. Another Possibility to adjust the layer thickness to the desired To bring nominal size, for example, is that the tile unit with the mortar applied to the face against a solid device is pressed so far that the layer thickness the mortar is reduced to the desired extent becomes. Another variant is that mortar is applied to a solid surface and the tile unit so far in the mortar is pressed that it reaches the nominal size.

Become solid materials for the production of the leveling layer, such as thermowood, used, so the applied with an excess Leveling layer by abrasive machining, such as Grinding or milling, so far removed that the brick unit reaches a predetermined length dimension. Because the length compensation layer by the for used materials is relatively easy to work, this is grinding / milling fast and inexpensive. A Processing of the length compensation layer is omitted if their layer thickness is so accurate from the start, that the tile unit including compensation layer the predetermined Length measure has.

Compensation of angular deviations

The Face surfaces of bricks are not always exactly right-angled to the storage area. Especially when using deformable Materials, such as mortar, for the creation the leveling layer is in addition to the compensation of differences in length of the tile unit to a given length measure and the balance small angular deviations of the faces to the vertical possible. The butt joint between two tile units may be narrower than this without compensation the angular deviations would be the case.

Grinding end faces:

brick show at the faces - independent whether it is smooth surfaces, bricks with mortar pockets or around faces with a tongue and groove joint - often production-related unevenness on. To an even higher To achieve accuracy of the brick rods, sees another embodiment The invention therefore, that by grinding one or both End faces of the brick bars offset minor bumps become.

It can thus increase the flatness of the face and thus the gap between two bricks on the construction site narrower.

Reinforcement:

While Bricks in the finished building especially pressure loads exposed prefabricated brick bars are subject to particular Transportation and assembly on site, sometimes considerable Tensile loads that damage or break the element being able to lead.

In A preferred embodiment of the invention is therefore provided that on the upper bearing surface and or or the lower Storage area of the brick bars a reinforcement is applied.

A planar reinforcement, for example made of fiberglass fabric, but can instead also on the lateral outer surface be applied to the tile element, and there later at the same time as a carrier for the exterior plaster serve.

Of the Thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforcement should be as possible good with that of the brick itself to match To avoid stress cracks due to temperature changes.

Material for reinforcement:

at this reinforcement may be, for example, a planar Reinforcement of textile fabric, laid, foil or netting act, which is connected to the bricks with a suitable glue become. For their preparation are advantageously low-expansion Fibers such as glass, carbon or aramid fibers.

For Reinforcement is also the use of metallic reinforcements possible, but these deteriorate the thermal insulation and complicate further processing of the bricks.

The Reinforcement can also be made from a thin mortar tape consist of a flat and / or fibrous reinforcement such as As alkali-resistant glass fiber fabric, fibers Reinforced plastic, natural fibers or other inorganic fibers and thus can withstand a tensile load.

As already in EP 0 005 814 A1 described, an increase in the strength of the mortar tape can be achieved in that instead of and / or in addition to a fiberglass tape o. Ä. fibers are mixed into the mortar.

Increase tensile and compressive strength, low tendency to crack:

By the reinforcement will not only improve the cohesion of it connected brick, but also the compressive and tensile strength of the Masonry increased.

Clear is reduced with erected from such bricks walls the tendency to crack such as subsidence, stress and Schwind tore. Furthermore, there is an improvement in the buckling safety a built with this building system masonry.

Cover brick channels:

Becomes in the processing of flat roofs thin-bed mortar for connecting the individual brick layers in the dipping process or by applied a mortar roller, the mortar sticks just more on the end faces of the webs and can in contrast for Dickbettmörtelfuge the cavities of the successive No longer completely cover the stones, causing the heat and soundproofing is deteriorated.

specially in bricks with high thermal insulation are the Also, webs thinner and thinner, so that the bearing surfaces Planziegeln only small contact surfaces to have underlying or over brick.

By the flat, in particular tight over the brick channels continuous, reinforcement is in addition to an increase in tensile strength The bricks provide complete or extensive coverage Brick channels reached and it can lead to any formation of Convection flow over several stone layers more come, thus improving the sound insulation.

How out DE 43 44 683 A1 is known, it is not necessary that the individual cavities are completely closed. In order to achieve the desired effect, it is already sufficient if the cross section of the cavities is greatly reduced in the region of the joint between the individual layers of stone.

Height compensation by leveling layer:

When Starting material for the preparation of the inventive Brick bars are preferably provided with flat bars. In a However, another embodiment of the invention is also the use conventional hollow brick (block brick) provided.

From the DE 43 17 336 C2 is already known that a mortar layer is applied to a plurality of bricks in such a way that a height compensation is effected and a plane-parallel adhesive surface is formed for the bricks lying over it.

In the EP 0 005 814 A1 For example, there is described a brick bonding agent consisting of a hardenable binder tape and a belt-securing additive, thereby increasing the strength of the bonding layer between the tiles while providing coverage of the brick channels.

On Building on this known prior art is in another Embodiment of the invention therefore provided that a mortar layer on the lower bearing and / or upper bearing surface of Brick and / or multi-layered bricks in the storage joint is applied in between, so that the tile rod an exact Height reached and by this leveling possible Height tolerances are compensated and also the parallelism maintained between the top and bottom. The leveling layer can in addition to mortar also from other suitable materials consist.

Height leveling layer:

The Strength of the leveling layer mainly depends on it which bricks are used as starting material, such as normal perforated bricks or bricks of the middle bed process, since the leveling layer in these bricks in place of the conventional Lagerfuge ensures height compensation.

Strength leveling layer at conventional bricks (not planed):

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a strength the leveling layers when using standard bricks of each approx. 5.5 mm in front, so taking into account the stone height of 238 mm and leveling layers on the lower or upper bearing surface a height of the brick rod of 249 mm is achieved. Become the so-made brick rods on the site, for example connected with thin bed mortar is included a storage joint of 1 mm the observance of the octa - metric measuring system possible.

Strength leveling layer at Medium-bed method:

modern Manufacturing techniques allow the production of bricks with relative tight manufacturing tolerances, without requiring a reworking required is. Because thus for the height compensation, the bearing joint may be lower, was the third masonry construction the Medium bed process with an approximately 6 mm thick bearing joint (minimal 4 mm, maximum 8 mm) introduced.

To the middle bed approval may be the (brick) layer height 244 mm - compared to the standard-compliant 250 mm - amount to: 238 mm brick standard height and 6 mm bearing joint.

There for bricks for the middle bed process, the tolerances are lower, the leveling layer of the invention Bricks turn out smaller than when using bricks for the thick bed masonry.

Minimum thickness leveling layer:

The Minimum thickness for the leveling layer is at approx. 2-3 mm.

Unilateral leveling layer:

A Another embodiment of the invention provides that the compensation layer not both on the top and bottom of the brick bar, but only on the lower and upper bearing surfaces of the bricks is appropriate.

Material for height compensation:

For the preparation of the leveling layer can conventional Mortar can be used. The processing of the mortar takes place in rooms protected by the weather, it prevails while constant temperature conditions, the mortar does not have to - as on site - over Hours can be kept in stock, further specially designed for the production of the leveling layer Machines are used. The quality of the mortar layer can reach a higher level than this usually when manufacturing the bearing joint on the construction site of the case is.

Use of optimized mortar:

Next The use of standard mortars is also the use special types of mortar possible, for example in the field of thermal insulation or strength through the use of aggregates particularly good technical values exhibit.

Reinforcement height compensation layer:

A Another embodiment of the invention provides that the mortar the compensating layer preferably by a flat or fibrous reinforcement such as glass fiber fabric, aromatic Polyamides, fibers of plastic, natural fibers or other inorganic Fibers is reinforced.

A planar reinforcement, for example made of fiberglass fabric, but can instead also on the lateral outer surface be applied to the brick bar and there later at the same time serve as a carrier for the exterior plaster.

Length of the bricks:

Also if the production of the brick bars in almost any length it would be possible for it to be production-related Reasons, considerations of transportability, the storage and the increasing risk of breakage in larger Lengths make sense, brick bars with a length of about 1 m.

Lots Brick formats have one - regardless of the width Length of 247 or 248 mm, which takes into account the butt joint gives a total length of 25 cm. The brick lengths thus correspond to those in masonry construction still predominant octametric measure system.

By the connection of four such bricks to one according to the invention Brick therefore results in a total length of approx. 1 m.

Increasingly However, bricks are produced that are no longer the octa-metric Measure system correspond and, for example, a length of 20 cm, 30 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm or even 50 cm. Become For example, such bricks can be 4 or 5 "short" bricks to be put together to a brick bar while with the larger bricks already 2 or 3 bricks can form a brick bar.

Supplementary elements:

additional The control elements can also be shorter brick rods be made, for example by the connection of a or two bricks with a half stone to a brick bar. A Such brick has the advantage that - at Use of a one-sided smooth half stone - on one Side has a smooth (untoothed) face, which is advantageous for plastering. Will such a brick bar With a half stone used in every second brick layer, it becomes so compliance with the Überbindemaßes easier. The production of such a brick bar is analogous to that of Control elements, so that even these bricks are only very small Length tolerances of, for example, ≤ ± 0.5 mm have.

Double or multi-layered brick bar:

Also if the production of brick sticks only with a Ziegellage the is preferred embodiment of the invention is the invention not limited to this. So is the production of inventive Bricks of greater height possible, which have two or more brick layers. So, for example First, individual bricks connected with each other to form brick rods and then these bricks in the storage joints become a two- or multilayer tile unit. Preferably The bricks are glued against each other with the same material like the stones inside the brick bar.

Tiered brick bar:

In order to when using the bricks on the construction site at two- or multi-layered bricks the compliance of the Überbindemaßes (0.4 times the height of the stone) can be observed an embodiment of the invention that on a first brick layer at least one second brick layer is applied so that the Brick of the upper layer to those of the lower layer around each Half are offset.

A step-shaped building system is already in DE 10041846 A1 described. In order to connect two-ply brick bars to one another on the construction site, a brick is inserted into the gap between the two brick bars in the upper brick layer, whereby a non-positive bond is formed.

Preferably however, the layers within the tile bar are always the same Number of bricks, however, the stones are the stones of the below and above lying brick layer offset, ie arranged in a composite, in particular by half a stone length.

Connection of the bricks on the construction site:

The Processing or the compound of the invention Bricks on the site is - apart from the Use of lifting tools - almost identical to the of planets. Preferably, they include for setting the bricks Lifting tools already used aids such as spirit level and / or Angle template.

Kimmschicht:

The first stone layer is conventionally set on a mortar bed. The mortar or a Kimmschicht serves to compensate the unevenness of the ceiling. As with the processing of Planziegeln Please note that this row of stones is absolutely exactly horizontal and is vertically aligned.

For faster and more accurate creation of the Kimmschicht numerous aids are offered in the meantime (special Kimmziegel, laserge controlled devices for applying the choking layer, gauges, etc.).

Gluing the elements:

On The first layer of stone is "glued" to the second layer using thin-bed mortar. The mortar is slid by means of mortar roller or trowel applied, the joint thickness of the fuselage amounts to approx. 1 mm.

By the less building moisture dries up the masonry faster, a "dry heating" over a longer one Period is omitted.

Wall connections:

With the bricks according to the invention takes place non-positive connection of walls and transverse walls analogous to the construction with conventional bricks, toothed or in butt-joint technique.

Use of lifting tools:

The Bricks are moved by lifting tools to their position in the masonry bandage emotional. Manual lifting is required only where the use of lifting aids is not useful and necessary, such as small Passstones in pitched roofs and similar Put.

Compliance with the overbinding measure:

The above each other lying bricks are each to a certain Dimension offset laterally (bandage). Train and train Shear stresses are transmitted in the masonry by friction in the bearing joints, the binding ensures the bond. The overbonding dimension is 0.4, d. H. 40% the height of the used brick.

Fugues between the bricks:

In Usually, the setting direction of the brick bars as in conventional Bricks from the corners or soffits to the center out, thereby it can come in the middle of joints. This will be especially true then be the case, if the walls according to the octa-metric measurement system be planned and the length of the used bricks (considering the butt joint) smaller or greater than a multiple of 12.5 cm, for example 997 mm or 1,002 mm.

Corresponding The relevant standards can be joints with a Width of 4-5 mm remain open. If the joint width stronger is, must the joints inside and outside with (Light) mortar to be filled. By appropriate However, cutting the bricks can be larger Joint widths are avoided. The blank is preferably carried out automation-supported in prefabrication.

c) embodiments

embodiments according to the invention are exemplified below described in more detail. Show it:

1 a perspective view of a brick formed of four bricks;

2 a perspective view of a brick formed of four bricks with a reinforcement;

3 a view of a butt joint;

4 a view of a butt joint with (partially) filled cavities;

5 a perspective view of an end face;

6 a front view of a two-ply brick bar;

7 a perspective view of two stepped two-ply brick rods;

8th the perspective view of two interconnected stepped two-ply brick rods;

9 the perspective view of a two-ply brick bar, in which the individual stone layers are offset by a half stone to each other;

10 the connection of two two-layered brick bars according to 9 ;

11 a longitudinal section of a brick bar with upper leveling layer;

12 a schematic front view of a brick bar with leveling layers below and above;

13a , b shows an embodiment of a corner joint of brick bars according to the invention;

14 the butt joint connection of a wall with a transverse wall;

15 a skeleton structure filled with bricks;

16 the plan of a gable wall;

17 a manufacturing device for brick rods;

18a , b the supervision of end faces with length compensation layer;

19 the perspective view according to 18 ;

20 the supervision of a face with mortar length compensation layer;

21a , b length compensation layers on springs and in grooves; and

22 a length compensation layer to compensate for angular differences.

The 1 shows a perspective view of one of four bricks 5 formed brick bar 1 , The bricks 5 be on the faces 6 Crunched and are in the butt joints 7 together by a suitable adhesive material 16 positively connected. The lower one 2 and upper storage area 3 are ground parallel to the plane in the case of flat roofs. The bricks 5 show hollow chambers 9 on, which lead to an improvement of the thermal insulation and with an insulating material (not shown) may be filled. The brick bars have only very small length deviations (tolerance measure 30 ).

The 2 shows a perspective view of one of four bricks 5 formed brick bar 1 with a reinforcement 4 , To increase the strength of the brick bar 1 , especially the tensile strength, is at the upper bearing surface 3 and / or at the lower storage area 2 a reinforcement 4 glued, which may for example consist of a low-stretch fiberglass mesh.

The 3 shows a plan view of a butt joint 7 , The bricks 5 have grooves 14 and feathers 15 on, those at the butt joints 7 mesh. Where the brick is 5 collide 8th , are the bricks 5 with each other by a suitable adhesive material (not shown in the figure), such as hot melt adhesive, connected.

As can be seen from the drawing, the bricks touch each other 5 not on the whole surface, but between groove 14 and spring 15 can be small cavities 20 consist.

The 4 shows a plan view of a butt joint 7 with (partially) filled cavities 20 , Opposite the in 3 shown variant here are the cavities 20 between groove 14 and spring 15 depending on the type and amount of adhesive used 16 completely or partially closed.

The 5 shows a perspective view of an end face 6 , The bricks 5 be on their faces 6 by means of suitable adhesive materials 16 connected together to elements of greater length. The adhesive materials 16 , such as thin-bed mortar, can wholly, partially or selectively on the face 6 be applied.

The 6 shows a schematic front view of a two-ply brick rod 12 , In this variant of the tile according to the invention is with the first stone layer 10 a second stone location 11 connected. Because the length of the lower stone layer 10 and those of the upper stone layer 11 is exactly the same length, lie the faces 6 the two rows of stones exactly above each other. While the first stone situation 10 from four bricks 5 There are two semi-stones in the second stone layer 21 so that the overbinding allowance can be met. The two-ply brick bar has in length compared to the nominal size 37 only a slight deviation (tolerance 30 ).

In 7 is the perspective view of two stepped, two-ply brick rods 13 . 13 ' displayed. As can be seen from the drawing, is on the first stone location 10 . 10 ' , in the illustrated variant of four individual stones 5 composed, a second, to a tile shorter, stone layer 11 . 11 ' so upset that the bricks 5 the upper layer 11 . 11 ' to those of the lower layer are offset by half each. The shorter top stone location 11 . 11 ' is with that around a single stone 5 longer lower stone location 10 . 10 ' by an adhesive such as hot melt adhesive, not shown in the figure. The single stones 5 are also on the butt joints with an adhesive that is not pictured 7 with each other to the stone bars 10 . 10 ' . 11 and 11 ' connected. The faces 6 The illustrated stone rods have complementary designed grooves 14 and feathers 15 on, making the two-ply brick sticks in the first stone row 10 . 10 ' can be positively connected with each other.

8th shows two together in the first stone situation 10 . 10 ' Crunchy double layered brick bars 13 . 13 ' according to the 7 , In the second stone situation 11 . 11 ' gets into the between the two stone layers 11 . 11 ' existing gap 23 a single stone 5 used that the gap 23 closes. Due to the high dimensional accuracy of the two-layered brick bars 13 . 13 ' The size of the gap can be designed so that it is sufficient if the single stone to be used 5 in terms of its length dimension complies with the relevant standards. It is thus not necessary, for example, that the single stone to be used 5 a special undersize or may need to be cut to fit the gap. Production-related length deviations of the stone occluding the gap 5 can be in the butt joints between single stone 5 and the stone layers 11 . 11 ' be caught.

In 9 is a two-ply brick rod 13 pictured at the top of the stone 11 to the lower stone location 10 arranged offset by half a stone length. Unlike in the 7 and 8th illustrated variant of two-ply brick rods have the lower stone layer 10 and the upper stone layer 11 the same number of individual bricks 5 on. The staggered arrangement of individual tiles 5 to the stones of the upper one 11 or lower 10 Steinlage ensures compliance with the Überbindemaßes.

10 shows two connected two-ply brick rods 13 . 13 ' according to 9 , Because of the upper stone layers 11 . 11 ' opposite the lower stone layers 10 . 10 ' arranged offset by half a stone length, the two two-ply brick rods 13 . 13 ' be arranged in a composite.

11 shows a brick bar 1 , on the upper storage area 3 a leveling layer 17 is applied. This leveling layer 17 is equal to any height tolerances of the brick 5 off and closes the from the lower storage area 2 to the upper storage area 3 vertically extending hollow chambers 9 the single brick 5 , so that no convection flow can occur. The leveling layer 17 lies on the brick bridges 24 on and forms a plane-parallel adhesive surface 19 for any overlying bricks or bricks. The leveling layer may include a sheet or fibrous reinforcement (not shown) that enhances the strength of the brick bar 1 can be significantly increased.

12 shows a schematic front view of a brick bar 1 with leveling layer below 18 and above 17 , These compensation layers are equal to production-related height tolerances of individual tiles 5 and cause a covering of the brick cavities (not shown) and thus improve the airtightness and sound insulation. Opposite the in 11 pictured variant is here next to the upper storage area 3 also the lower storage area 2 covered by a leveling layer.

In the 13a and 13b is an example of how brick sticks according to the invention are assembled into a wall corner. Like from the 13a Obviously, is to a brick bar 1 made of four whole stones 5 There is a second brick bar 1' set twisted by 90 °, which also consists of four whole stones 5 consists. The face 6 the brick bar 1 to the 90 ° twisted brick bar 1' can be coated with thin-bed mortar (not shown) to achieve a shear-transmitting connection of the two brick bars and increase airtightness.

In every other situation, pictured in 13b , then become the brick sticks 1 and 1' set so that the single stones 5 the bricks 1 and 1' so over the individual stones 5 the underlying bricks are in compliance with the overbonding size prescribed by the building standards.

The execution of a frictional corner dressing is in the 13a and 13b only shown by way of example, depending on the width of the individual stones used for the production of the brick rods may result in other embodiments. In general, the non-positive connection of walls and transverse walls in association with bricks can be done analogous to the single brick construction, the only difference is the size of the elements.

In 14 is the butt joint attachment of a brick bar 1 to a transversely aligned brick bar 1' displayed. The connection of transverse walls has long been carried out for a time and cost reasons usually with butt joint. In the picture becomes the brick bar 1 dull to the brick bar 1' butted and the butt joint 25 completely with mortar 26 closed. To make the butt joint tensile strength, the abutting individual tiles with corrosion-resistant wall anchors 27 For example, made of flat stainless steel strips, interconnected. Whether wall anchors are inserted and in which masonry layer, for example, each masonry layer, every other, etc., is dependent on the static requirements.

In 15 becomes one (partially) with brick sticks 1 filled skeleton construction 28 displayed. Depending on the dimensions of the tiles to be cut vertically and / or horizontally. The connection of the individual bricks 1 with, for example, thin-bed mortar (not shown) is preferably only in the storage joints 29 , in the butt joints 7 become the bricks 1 Crunched together and no adhesive used. Because the bricks 1 Because of their weight, they can not be walled by hand, lifting tools (not shown) are used for lifting and moving. Especially in the case of skeletal structures, this can be done, for example, on the side surfaces of the bricks 1 be one-sided attacking vacuum gripper.

16 shows the plan for a gable wall 31 made of bricks 1 to be built. The brick bars are made of whole stones 5 composed of half stones or 21 combined with whole stones 5 , In the construction of brick masonry is the proportion of cut stones, especially in heavily structured masonry 36 very high. Bricks or single stones that need to be cut are shown in gray in the illustration. It can be seen that a high number of cutting work is required and a forward displacement of at least cutting work in the prefabrication can reduce the construction time on the site.

In 17 becomes a device 35 for the production of bricks. The illustrated embodiment has an inclined to the horizontal bearing surface 32 on, on which the single stones 5 be placed manually, semi or fully automatically. Unless the individual stones 5 are not placed exactly in the device or on each other, they slide through the slope of the support surface alone or under slight pressure against the lower contact surface 33 or against a single stone already in the device. Due to the inclination of the device are also the end faces 6 the single stones 5 inclined, so that the application of an adhesive (not shown) for connecting the individual stones with each other is easier than if the end faces were aligned vertically. Through the lateral contact surface 34 can the side surfaces 22 the individual stones are easier to plan. The device shown can be supplemented by special devices for the application of adhesives, measuring devices, pressure devices, grinding and cutting systems, etc. (not shown).

18a shows a plan view of the face 6 a brick 5 located at the beginning or end of a tile unit (not shown). As the picture shows, is on the left or right edge of the face 6 a plate-shaped length compensation layer 39 applied. With this length compensation layer 39 is the difference between the actual size 38 the brick unit and the desired dimension 37 balanced. Since the mate rial used for the leveling layer, such as thermal wood, usually easier to work than the brick itself, the strength 40 the leveling layer 39 initially have an excess, which is then reduced by appropriate processing such as grinding so far that the strength 40 the leveling layer 39 along with the actual length 38 the brick unit gives a given length with a high dimensional accuracy. If the length compensation layer 39 is not made of self-adhesive material, it is by means of suitable adhesives, such as PU adhesives, with the brick 5 connected (not shown).

In 18b are on all feathers 15 of the brick 5 leveling layers 39 applied. The leveling layers 39 may have different shapes, they may for example be round, angular, plate or strip-shaped or have different widths.

19 shows a perspective view of an end face 6 a tile unit 1 on the respective edge of the plate-shaped length compensation layers 39 are applied. Even if the height 41 the length compensation layer does not necessarily equal the height of the tile 5 must correspond, so may be shorter, provides a preferred embodiment of the invention that the height of the length compensation layer corresponds exactly to the brick height.

20 shows a brick 5 , on its end face 6 the length compensation layer 39 made of deformable material, such as (light) mortar. If the order of length compensation layer 39 not already done with such high accuracy that the length compensation layer the desired strength 40 has, the length compensation layer, for example, by stripping the excess mortar or by pressing to the required layer thickness 40 to be brought. In the figure, the right length compensation layer is shown without further processing, while the left length compensation layer, for example, by compressing to the desired thickness 40 was brought.

21a shows the top view of the faces 6 two brick units 1 . 1' , Depending on the concrete shape of the face 6 can the length compensation layers 39 both on the springs 15 and / or in the grooves 14 the faces 6 be upset.

In the in 21b variant shown are the end faces 6 two brick units 1 . 1' pictured, which are on the face 6 every tile unit 1 . 1' a length compensation layer 39 located and so on the faces 6 are arranged so that they are exactly opposite each other.

In 22 is a length compensation layer 39 pictured between two tiles 5 located. Because the frontal area 6 of bricks 5 not always at an angle of 90 °, can by a different strength 40 the length compensation layer smaller angular deviations of the end faces 6 balanced to the vertical.

1, 1'

brick unit

2

lower storage area

3

upper storage area

4

reinforcement

5

brick

6

face

7

butt joint

8th

Touchpad

9

hollow

10 10 '

lower stone Exposure

11 11 '

upper stone Exposure

12

two-ply brick rod

13 13 '

graded two-ply brick bar

14

groove

15

feather

16

adhesive material

17

leveling layer above

18

leveling layer below

19

adhesive surface on leveling layer

20

cavities

21

semi stone

22

side surface

23

gap

24

brick bridge

25

Stumpfstoßfuge

26

mortar

27

wall anchors

28

Frameworks

29

bed joint

30

of tolerance

31

gable end

32

bearing surface

33

lower contact surface

34

lateral contact surface

35

making device

36

cut stones

37, 37 '

nominal measure

38

Actual Size

39

Length compensation layer

40

Thickness of 39

41

height

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3615247 C2 [0014]
• - EP 1172190 A2 [0016]
• - DE 19830985 A1 [0018]
• - DE 4433156 A1 [0019]
• - EP 0945239 A2 [0021]
• - EP 1044940 B1 [0045]
• - EP 0005814 A1 [0110, 0119]
• - DE 4344683 A1 [0116]
• - DE 4317336 C2 [0118]
• - DE 10041846 A1 [0139]

Claims (57)

Prefabricated brick unit, in particular brick ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., 12 . 13 . 13 ' ), consisting of at least two or more at least in the horizontal direction interconnected, in particular glued, individual bricks ( 5 ), characterized in that the dimensional deviation of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), in particular in the horizontal length of a nominal dimension ( 37 ), a given tolerance measure ( 30 ) does not exceed. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tolerance measure ( 30 ) in the length ± 1.5 mm, in particular ± 1.0 mm, in particular ± 0.5 mm. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tolerance dimension in height ± 1.0 mm, in particular ± 0.5 mm, in particular ± 0.3 mm. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angular deviation of the end faces ( 6 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) to the vertical (90 °) does not exceed a given tolerance. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tolerance dimension of the angular deviation is ± 2.0 °, in particular ± 1.0 °. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) in the height of several, preferably two layers of stone ( 10 . 10 ' . 11 . 11 ' ) consists. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the butt joints ( 7 ) between the individual bricks ( 5 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) no glue or glue ( 16 ) with the smallest possible layer thickness of the adhesive ( 16 ), in particular a maximum of 3 mm, is applied. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as adhesive ( 16 ) a mineral adhesive, in particular in the form of an optimized mortar ( 26 ), in particular with improved thermal / acoustic insulation and / or mechanical strength is used. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as adhesive ( 16 ) a plastic-based adhesive, in particular a two-component adhesive or a hot-melt adhesive, is used. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the butt joints ( 7 ) the adhesive application is punctiform or strip-shaped, in particular in vertically continuous strip. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outermost end faces ( 6 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are vertically plan, in particular are ground flat. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper bearing surface ( 3 ) to the lower storage area ( 2 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) deviates from the exact parallelism by a maximum of a predetermined tolerance, in particular by a maximum of ± 1.0 mm, better by a maximum of ± 0.5 mm. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that compliance with the tolerance level in the vertical height of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) and / or the parallelism of upper storage area ( 3 ) to the lower storage area ( 2 ) is achieved by a horizontal leveling layer ( 17 . 18 ) on the upper storage area ( 3 ) and / or lower storage area ( 2 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) and / or with multilayer brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) in the fuselage ( 29 ) between the stone layers ( 10 . 10 ' . 11 . 11 ' ). Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that compliance with the tolerance dimension in the horizontal length of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) and / or the right angle of upper or lower storage area ( 3 . 2 ) to the face ( 6 ) is achieved by a vertical leveling layer ( 39 ) on at least one of the end faces ( 6 ). Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length compensation layer ( 39 ) consists of a molding or of a moldable, in particular curable material such as mortar. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height compensation layer ( 17 . 18 ) made of mineral adhesive ( 16 ), in particular optimized mortar ( 26 ), consists. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) has a horizontal reinforcement covering the openings of the vertical brick cavities ( 20 ) at least partially, preferably completely, closes. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement ( 4 ) on the upper storage area ( 3 ) and / or lower storage area ( 2 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) and / or with multilayer brick units ( 12 . 13 . 13 ' , ..., ...) in the fuselage ( 29 ) between the stone layers ( 10 . 10 ' . 11 . 11 ' ) is arranged. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement ( 4 ) a planar reinforcement ( 4 ) in the form of z. B. a mesh fabric, z. B. plastic, is. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement ( 4 ) in aggregates, in particular fibrous aggregates, in particular plastic fibers or glass fibers, consists of the adhesive ( 16 ), in particular the mineral adhesive ( 16 ), for bonding the mineral stones and / or the material of the leveling layer ( 17 . 18 ) are mixed. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reinforcement ( 4 ) on one or both of the longitudinal side surfaces ( 22 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) is applied. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement ( 4 ) has a coefficient of thermal expansion of not more than ± 10%, in particular not more than ± 5% of the thermal expansion coefficient of the individual bricks used ( 5 ) deviates in the respective spatial direction. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are made of Planziegeln and in particular no height compensation layer ( 17 . 18 ) exhibit. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the presence of a height compensation layer, the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are made of traditional perforated bricks, ie no plan bricks. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) in their storage areas ( 2 . 3 ) Have gripping holes for positive attachment of lifting tools. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual bricks ( 5 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) on the front surfaces ( 6 ) are windproof glued together. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) consist of bricks with integrated thermal insulation. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the butt joints ( 7 ) between the individual bricks ( 5 ) are different widths, but in particular a maximum of 3 mm wide, are. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in multi-layer brick units ( 12 . 13 ...) the stones of a layer to the stones of the underlying and above layer are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction, in particular at least offset by the prescribed Überbindemaß, are arranged, in particular offset by half a stone length. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ...) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in multi-layer brick units ( 12 . 13 ...) the number of stones of a layer ( 10 . 10 ' ) is the same or one stone smaller than in the underlying or overlying stone layer ( 11 . 11 ' ). Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) only whole single stones ( 5 ) or contain half a stone. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are individually prefabricated according to the shape of the concrete building to be produced therewith. Brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within a brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) only individual tiles ( 5 ) with the same actual size ( 38 ), especially in length. (Manufacture brick unit) Method for producing a tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), in particular a brick rod, of a plurality of individual bricks interconnected at least in the horizontal direction ( 5 ), characterized in that by selecting the individual stones ( 5 ) and / or compensating measures in the manufacture of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) a given tolerance measure ( 30 ) of the finished tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), and the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) then in terms of at least one actual size, in particular the length, in nominal size classes, z. B. in 1 mm steps, sorted. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that prior to the production of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) the single stones ( 5 ) with regard to at least one actual measure ( 38 ), in particular the horizontal length, are measured and sorted into actual measurement groups. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that during manufacture of the tile units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) by means of an electronic control on the basis of the predetermined nominal dimension ( 37 . 37 ' ) or the nominal dimension class of the brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) automatically the individual tiles ( 5 ) from the appropriate actual size groups of the individual bricks ( 5 ) and for the respective brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) combined and in particular automatically to brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) get connected. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that after the sorting of the individual bricks ( 5 ) in actual measurement groups for the creation of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) only individual tiles ( 5 ) from certain Istmaßgruppe NEN be used and the other bricks other uses, especially as individual bricks ( 5 ) sold. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that for the production of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) unusable individual tiles ( 5 ), which in particular lie outside the actual size groups used, either within the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) in special places where the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) can be used in any case, whereby the trimming of the used non-porous brick before or after installation in the brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), - or as a single brick ( 5 ) go on sale. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that for the production of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), in particular brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) only one nominal dimension class, individual tiles ( 5 ) of different actual measurement groups are automatically selected so that in the sum of their lengths and taking into account the desired butt joint widths the desired nominal dimension ( 37 . 37 ' ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...). Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the individual bricks ( 5 ) in a deviating from the horizontal, inclined device ( 35 ) to tile units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) connected, in particular glued, so that the device ( 35 ) two contact surfaces ( 33 . 34 ) for the individual tiles ( 5 ) having. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that during gluing the adhesive surfaces ( 19 ) are pretreated for the purpose of improving the adhesive quality, in particular cleaned, pre-wetted and / or provided with a primer and / or the mortar adhesive additives or additives such as fibers, in particular glass fibers, are added. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that for brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), which in particular are to fulfill a marginal function, individual bricks ( 5 ) with special formats such as half brick widths or corner tiles. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the bricks ( 5 ) in the butt joints ( 7 ) glued, in particular only be glued linear or punctiform and the nominal size ( 37 . 37 ' ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) by a defined thickness of the butt joints ( 7 ), especially if a mineral adhesive ( 16 ) is used. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that before, during or after gluing and curing of all individual bricks ( 5 ) a brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) against each other first a horizontal leveling layer ( 17 . 18 ) and / or the reinforcement ( 4 ) on the upper storage area ( 3 ) and / or lower storage area ( 2 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), especially only the upper storage area ( 3 ), the brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) is applied. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that during or after the connection of all tiles ( 5 ) a brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) with each other and their hardening a length compensation layer ( 39 ) on one or both faces ( 6 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) is applied. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the compensating layer ( 39 ) is applied as a molding or from a moldable, in particular curable material such as mortar. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that in the case of a moldable, in particular curable material such as mortar as leveling layer ( 39 ) either - the leveling layer is applied with a slight oversize and, for example, by stripping the excess mortar layer thickness of the leveling layer is brought to the required nominal size or - the brick unit is pressed with the mortar applied to the end face against a solid device so far that the layer thickness of the mortar is reduced to the desired extent. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that in the case of a molded part as leveling layer ( 39 ) the excess of the applied molding is removed by abrasive machining such as grinding or milling. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that in the case of multilayer brick units ( 12 . 13 ...) in each fuselage ( 29 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) a reinforcement ( 4 ) is introduced, and / or on the upper bearing surface ( 3 ) and / or lower storage area ( 2 ) of the tile unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...). Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the tile units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) in an environment with constant environmental conditions (humidity, temperature, etc.) are produced, especially in an environment with optimized environmental conditions. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the end faces ( 6 ) of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are ground after hardening of the joints to eliminate minor bumps. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that at end faces ( 6 ) with groove ( 14 ) and spring ( 15 ) only the furthest projecting surface portions of the end faces ( 6 ) are ground. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that - in a first step the joining of the individual stones ( 5 ) to single-layer brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), - if necessary in a second step connecting the individual layers ( 10 . 10 ' . 11 . 11 ' ) to the multilayer tile unit ( 12 . 13 ...) takes place, and - in particular after the hardening of the stone joints in a further step, the application of leveling layer ( 17 . 18 ) and / or reinforcement ( 4 ), in particular only on an upper or lower bearing surface ( 2 . 3 ) of the still single or multi-layer brick unit ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), he follows. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that as many of these steps automatically, in particular fully automatic, done. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that - before the manufacture of the brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) the individual tiles ( 5 ) and sorted into actual measurement groups, for the production of brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) targeted individual tiles ( 5 ) from certain Istmaß- groups used, in particular only individual tiles ( 5 ) are used from the same actual measurement group or combined from different actual measurement groups, and - then the resulting brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are measured and sorted into nominal size groups. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the brick units provided for the creation of a concrete building ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...) are prefabricated as a kit, in particular cut to size, pre-cut and pre-slotted, if necessary. Method according to one of the preceding method claims, characterized in that the prefabricated brick units ( 1 . 1' , ..., ...), if they are prefabricated, are individually marked, in particular numbered.