DE102008021730A1 - Solar system for converting solar electromagnetic radiation energy into electrical energy, has absorber arranged parallel to rotation axes of reflectors in center of module, and solar cells arranged in rows - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (1) has a module (3) with reflectors (2, 2') that divert incident sunlight (6, 8) in a direction of an absorber (12). The reflectors of the module are adjusted in a temporally changing sun position by a tracking mechanism (20) at an angle around rotation axes parallel to each other for uniaxial tracking of the reflectors. The absorber is arranged parallel to the rotation axes of the reflectors in center of the module. Solar cells (11) e.g. rear side-contacted silicon solar cells, are arranged in rows, and the sunlight is concentrated by the reflectors, on the solar cells.

Description

The The invention relates to a plant for the conversion of solar electromagnetic Radiant energy, ie of light, heat and UV radiation, into electrical energy with simultaneous use of thermal energy.

Known Prior art systems either convert solar energy in heat or electrical energy. Solar systems that to convert the solar energy into electrical energy, use Semiconductor solar cells, which mostly consist of silicon. There are also known plants, which are other semiconductor materials use, such as the so-called CIS solar cells Würth Solar, which consists of copper indium diselenide. These solar systems consist mostly of so-called solar modules, which side by side and one above the other be arranged and fixed either with a constant inclination be mounted or tracked in its entirety of the sun become.

adversely is the use of comparatively expensive in these systems Solar cells, which mostly consist of silicon semiconductor material. Furthermore, only a part of the irradiated solar energy used by less than 20%. A tracking of the modules is complicated and expensive.

Further Installations for heat production by solar radiation are also in modular design, for example, permanently mounted on a roof. Furthermore, there are tube collectors, which side by side be mounted firmly and evacuated to the radiation of the converted from solar radiation into heat energy To reduce energy of the receiver. These facilities are for convenience only the heat recovery.

Further Plants that are mostly used in southern countries find collectors, either in the form of paraboloids, parabolic troughs or even Fresnel reflectors, which the Focus solar radiant energy on a gutter or focal spot and use the heat energy and in a subsequent process step in electrical energy or by adhesion in cold for air conditioners. These plants are mostly in warm countries in a large construction method available and require a complex tracking. About that In addition, the collectors are exposed to the wind and weather and need Therefore be stable and be cleaned.

It is therefore the object of the invention, a simple and effective Specify solar system, which comparatively inexpensive to manufacture is effective and economical as well as in our latitudes can be operated and which in addition to electrical energy at the same time Heat energy supplies.

These Solar system is given by the independent claims and consists of one or more preferably permanently mounted Modules, each containing a variety of individual reflectors Contain the sunlight in the direction of an absorber concentrate and which uniaxial the changing position of the sun be readjusted.

there the sum of the area of the reflectors is significantly larger as the absorber surface, so one prefers concentration factors of between 5 and 20 receives.

The Reflectors are arranged parallel to each other and have a elongated extent and in the same direction a rotation axis on, the latter being preferably in a plane which defines is by the north-south direction and by a vertical Lot. In this case, the angular position according to the invention all reflectors of a module by a single linear or rotary motor drive adjusted together, to compensate for the temporally changing position of the sun.

These Reflectors are preferred for protection against wind and weather in one Modular construction installed in individual boxes, which for Sunny side with a solar glass plate or with transparent plastic material are covered. These modules are usually solid with a substrate, about a roof, connected and next to each other or on top of each other preferably arranged in alignment. It is not necessary that the modules are tracked as a whole of the sun. According to the invention, the solar system has a uniaxial Tracking on, but not the module as a whole, but only the individual reflector elements within the module of Sun be tracked. Therefore, it is not necessary, a roof or similar with a suitable Inclination to use, but the modules containing the reflectors the solar system according to the invention can in particular also horizontally on a flat roof or even on a vertical Wall to be fixed.

The reflectors, which are arranged within a module, have an elongated extension and are curved in the section perpendicular to either concave or preferably plane, so that they have an infinite or positive focal length. In this case, all the reflectors of a module are so differently laterally inclined that the incident sunlight in parallel focused on one or more narrow strips on the absorber or is concentrated.

Of the Absorber is preferably positioned above the center of the reflectors. It can be provided, the absorber in a separate housing, about to arrange in a transparent receiver tube, the at a distance to the module containing the reflectors, spaced apart. Particularly preferred is the absorber but also within the module containing the reflectors arranged so that a one-piece design is created. So that juxtaposed reflectors are not mutually exclusive shaded, these are not arranged in a common plane, d. H. the bearings of the reflectors are not in line, but preferably on a paraboloid or on a W-shaped one Curve, with the absorber in the middle of the module above the reflectors and is arranged parallel to the reflectors.

Of the Absorber preferably has one of the reflectors (ie not the Sun) pointing solar cell package, which preferably an elongated extension corresponding to the focus strip having the reflectors and about by a linear juxtaposition of solar cells, for example in the form of silicon wafers. In order to For example, the width of the focus strip is preferably less as a wafer width, d. H. it is preferable to use split silicon wafers to avoid high currents. Particularly preferred is the absorber consists of two rows of solar cells, side by side be arranged and extend parallel to the reflectors. In the process, those reflectors illuminate themselves on one side each of the absorber, a row of solar cells. Preferably The two rows of solar cells are not arranged in one plane, but instead to each other by an angle δ of preferably between 60 and 120 degrees angled so that the angle of impact of the reflected Sunlight on the solar cells is as vertical as possible. The receiver solar cells are preferably on the back side electrically contacted to the surface indicative of the reflectors not partially shaded.

There preferably flat reflectors are used, is the width The individual reflectors therefore preferably largely identical with the width of the respective row of receiver solar cells. For parabolically concave curved surfaces Of the reflectors, it is possible that the width of the reflectors is greater than the width of the solar cells.

The Receiver surface itself may also be preferred plan or curved convex to a large extent to allow the true reflection of the reflected light which increases the efficiency. Preference is given to highly effective Monocrystalline silicon solar cells used, however, can also polycrystalline or amorphous silicon find use or it may others, especially highly effective germanium-based Semiconductor substrates are used. Particularly preferred used rear-contacted silicon solar cells, to avoid shading of the solar cells on the front, especially since the contacting dissipate increased currents must arise due to the concentration of sunlight. Very well suited in this context are back-contacted, split solar cells type B50M (3rd cut of the 5-inch large A-300 wafer) from SunPower Corp. proved. With these guys can up to 10 times the concentration of sunlight become. This produces currents up to 18 A.

On the back of the strip-shaped receiver solar cells is a cooling device for increasing the electrical efficiency of the solar cells and for additional use of the absorbed heat energy. This cooling device is preferably made of an aluminum or copper substrate, such as a sheet metal with one or more disposed therein or thereto, about welded channels for carrying a cooling medium. This can be water or another suitable cooling medium for removing the heat energy. The solar cells together with the cooling device are either arranged separately in a glass tube or particularly preferably within the module containing the reflectors, which can additionally be evacuated or filled with a suitable filling gas. On the one hand, this filling gas prevents condensation of the inside of the receiver tube with water and on the other hand reduces heat radiation as a result of convection. To within the module 3 To produce a reduced air pressure, and thus to reduce heat dissipation and also condensation of the module inside with steam, a check valve is preferably mounted in the housing wall.

is the absorber outside the module inside a receiver tube arranged, so are preferred for solar heat collector systems known double-walled and evacuated glass tubes according to the principle used a thermos, as offered by Schott AG become. However, other absorber sheathing can also be used used as long as the page turned to the reflectors is transparent, such as simple glass tubes.

The recovered heat can be used in particular to provide hot water or (floor) heating water or for Adhäsi ons refrigerators, such as for air conditioning systems. Furthermore, the heat energy with sufficiently large collector surfaces can then be supplied to a Stirling engine with coupled generator for conversion into electrical energy.

The Regulation of the uniaxial tracking of the reflectors for Sun position can be either via a sun position sensor take place, which preferably consists of a receiver of photosensitive semiconductor material consists, such as a linear line sensor array, the is integrated in particular in a substrate, or a position sensor, such as a PSD (optical position-sensitive detector). In front of this photosensitive Receiver is preferably arranged a cylindrical lens, their elongated orientation parallel to the axis of rotation of the Reflectors is aligned.

Another easy way of tracking is as described in the article "Circuits for the tracking of collectors and solar cell carriers" by Volker Heinzel and Joachim Schröder in Solar Energy No. 2, 1986, pages 23-24 , Here, photoresistors are used whose surfaces enclose an angle to each other. Another way of tracking the reflectors is a timed tracking of the reflectors.

There due to the reflectors the light is about a factor of 5-20 is focused on the receiver solar cells, one becomes correspondingly smaller solar cell area needed, thereby the solar system according to the invention thus at considerable lower costs overall efficiency (electric + heat) significantly more than 50%.

in the Following are the drawing figures of the invention are explained:

The 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of the solar system according to the invention,

the 2a and 2 B each show a section through a first embodiment and a second embodiment of the receiver,

the 3 shows a plan view of the arrangement of the solar cells on the receiver surface,

the 4a and 4b show different versions of the reflectors,

the 5 shows the side view of a reflector according to the 4b .

the 6 shows a side view of an arrangement of a plurality of reflectors with a tracking device in two different inclinations,

the 7 shows the lateral section through a sun position sensor,

the 8th shows a control device for tracking the reflectors,

the 9 shows schematically the arrangement of the components of the solar system in a flat mounting,

the 10 shows a two-part embodiment of the invention with a separate receiver tube in a perspective view,

the 11 shows a side section of the same embodiment,

the 12 shows a side section through the receiver tube together with the absorber,

the 13 shows the control of the reflectors by a linear motor,

the 14 shows a side view of a one-piece embodiment of the invention,

the 15 shows a perspective view of the same embodiment,

in the 16 you can see the drive of the reflectors by a linear motor,

the 17 represents the received light output as a function of the position of the sun for three different distances between the absorber and the reflectors,

the 18 shows a side view of another one-piece embodiment,

the 19 shows a perspective view of the same embodiment and

the 20 shows an enlarged section of the previous view.

In the 1 is a side sectional view of the solar system according to the invention 1 shown. Several reflectors 2 are in a box-shaped module 3 arranged pointing towards the sun a solar glass 4 as a transparent cover, which consists for example of glass or plastic. The reflectors are rectangular oblong in plan view, wherein they have a plane cross-section perpendicular to their longitudinal extent. The length of the reflectors corresponds essentially to the module length, for example, 0.5-2 meters, while the width of the reflectors is significantly lower and is about 4 cm corresponding to the width of the solar cells. Vertically above the middle of the Module is a receiver tube 5 arranged, which parallel to the longitudinal extension of the reflectors 2 runs and in which the absorber 12 located. The reflectors 2 have a rotation axis with pivot points 22 on, with the rotation axis parallel to the receiver tube 5 runs. The receiver tube 5 has an absorber 12 with one to the reflectors 2 indicative receiver surface 10 on, on the solar cells 11 for converting part of the solar energy into electrical energy. On the back of the solar cells 11 is a heat sink 14 arranged, which preferably consists of an aluminum or copper substrate with cooling channels arranged inside 16 consists. Of course, it is possible to use only one or even more than two cooling channels. Furthermore, the cooling channels can be arranged on the back of the copper substrate.

The reflectors 2 are now mounted laterally offset so that when vertically incident sunlight 6 that from the reflectors 2 reflected light 7 on the receiver surface 10 within the receiver tube 5 arrives. For incidental light 8th become all reflectors 2 by a rotational movement about its axis of rotation tracking the position of the sun, so that the reflected light 7 always on the receiver surface 10 of the absorber 12 arrives. When changing the position of the sun by an angle α all reflectors 2 twisted by an angle α / 2 and thus take a position 2 ' one.

The on the receiver surface 10 of the absorber 12 arranged solar cells 11 partially convert the received sunlight into electrical energy. The resulting heat energy is dissipated by a cooling medium, which flows through the cooling channels 16 of the heat sink 14 is passed, the back with the solar cells 11 connected is. By cooling the solar cells 11 not only the efficiency of the conversion of the received solar energy into electrical energy is increased, but the dissipated heat can be supplied to further use. For example, it is possible to use the heat energy dissipated to heat service water or to use this for heating purposes of interiors. Further subsequent processes may provide for adhesion refrigeration or, for example, the operation of a Stirling engine with a connected generator for generating electrical energy.

The 2a shows a section through a receiver tube 5 which has the already described receiver surface 10 on which the solar cells 11 are arranged. The receiver tube 5 is about the nature of a thermos double-walled and evacuated in the intermediate area. In the 2 B shows a further embodiment of the invention: On the convex curved receiver surface 10 are flexible solar cells 11 arranged. Preferably, the left side of the solar cells 11 Illuminated from the left within the module reflectors, the center of centrally arranged and the right side according to the right-arranged reflectors. This ensures that the reflected sunlight is largely perpendicular to the surface of the solar cells 11 impinges, whereby the efficiency of the solar cell increases. The shape of the heat sink 12 fits according to the convex shape of the receiver surface 10 at.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention are on the rectangular receiver surface 10 a row 11a of several silicon wafers 11 arranged side by side, as in the 3 is recognizable. Particular preference may be given to multiple sawed (split) wafers whose length in the direction of the arrangement direction is greater than their width transversely thereto. The length of the solar cells therefore preferably corresponds to the length of a standard wafer, ie about 4, 5 or 6 inches and the width of the solar cells is preferably 1/2 to 1/6 of the length, that is about 2-8 cm. By the juxtaposition of several solar cells 11 to one or more rows 11a . 11b of solar cells 11 creates a length of the receiver surface 10 , which is about as long as the reflectors and thus a multiple of the length of the individual solar cells 11 is.

In the 4b is a flat reflector 2 shown, which preferably centrally on its underside a longestverlaufende holder 18 for stabilization. This allows the reflector itself consist of thin-walled material. Preferably, aluminum or stainless steel sheet is used as a reflector material, which is preferably formed mirrored on its side facing the sun. At the ends of the bracket 18 are shots for waves provided for axial support and for rotation of the reflector 2 around a rotation axis 21 pointing towards the holder 18 runs.

In the 4a is a reflector 2 ' shown with concave surface for focusing the sunlight. Preferably, the shape is a parabolic groove, ie the surface of the reflector 2 ' is perpendicular to the axis of rotation in all sections 21 identical parabolic. The symmetry axis of the parabolic groove is preferably parallel to the axis of rotation of the reflector 2 ' , The receiver tube is preferred 5 within the focal length of the reflector 2 ' arranged.

In the 5 is a side view of a plane reflector 2 according to the 4b shown. This end is preferably by ball bearings 19 rotatably mounted, whose inner rings with a shaft 27 when Continuation of the holder 18 and their outer rings with the inner wall of the module 3 are connected. Without limitation, however, other bearings, such as plain bearings or simple shaft mountings are usable.

According to use all reflectors 2 a module 3 a single common tracking device 20 , For tracking the reflectors 2 At the time-varying position of the sun is with the wave 27 or the holder 18 or with the reflector 2 . 2 ' a tracking pen 23 rotationally connected, which in turn with a Nachführstange 25 through a swivel 24 connected is. Like in the 6 is recognizable, all reflectors 2 a module by means of corresponding Nachführstifte 23 with the tracking bar 25 connected and are each about fulcrums 22 rotatably mounted. The tracking pins 23 preferably have the same length and parallel to each other. The tracking bar 25 is connected to a linear motor and is mounted linearly movable. The linear movement takes place in a to the axis of rotation 21 the reflectors 2 vertical direction. The linear motor preferably consists of a stepping motor 26 , which is a linear spindle 28 drives. This spindle is with the tracking bar 25 through swivel joints 24 connected.

In the upper view of the 6 is the angular position of the reflectors 2 a module 3 shown in vertically incident sunlight. All reflectors deflect the sunlight such that all the reflected light is onto a narrow rectangular strip on the absorber 12 is deflected above the central reflector. It can be seen that the different reflectors 2 have a different angle tilt and that the Nachführstifte 23 in different angular positions with the reflectors 2 are connected. Preferably, the Nachführstifte 23 in this position for reflection of the vertically incident solar radiation perpendicular to Nachführstange 25 , The width of the reflectors 2 transverse to its longitudinal extension corresponds approximately to the center distance, in order to reflect as much as possible the entire light.

In the 6 In the lower view opposite the upper view is the tracking bar 25 by a drive 29 the spindle 28 linearly displaced in the direction of the arrow, reducing the angle of inclination of all reflectors 2 was changed by an equal angle. This makes it possible, all reflectors 2 to simultaneously and jointly adjust by only a single drive and thus uniaxially track the time-varying angle of the sun's position.

To control the tracking of the reflectors as a function of the position of the sun, several possibilities are conceivable: First, a time-controlled angle tracking, which tracks the reflectors of the known sun position. Another possibility of controlled tracking of the reflectors of the solar system is to use a photosensitive sensor, which determines the current position of the sun. In the 7 is a corresponding sensor unit 30 The sun position sensor consists of one (or more) photosensitive receiver chip 34 which can be realized, for example, as a line sensor as a CCD or CMOS semiconductor or as a linear PSD (optical position-sensitive detector). Above the sensor 34 is a cylindrical lens 32 arranged, which the incident sunlight 6 . 8th on the receiver chip 34 depicts or focuses. Therefore, the surface of the receiver chip is preferably located 34 in the image-side focal plane of the cylindrical lens 32 , so that vertically incident sunlight 6 on a sensor line element 35 and incident sunlight 8th to a different sensor line element 36 is focused. Here is the cylindrical lens 32 arranged such that the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical lens 32 parallel to the axis of rotation 21 the reflectors 2 runs. The cylindrical lens 32 is so long that always focused sunlight on the photosensitive areas of the receiver chip 34 falls. The sensor unit is preferred 30 within the module 3 arranged, but is also an arrangement outside the module or in the receiver tube 5 conceivable.

A corresponding control device 40 for the regulation of the tracking device as a function of the position of the sun is in the 8th shown. A timer 42 switches over a relay 44 the control unit 40 at intervals of time. According to the information of the sensor unit 30 About the sun angle is a linear motor for adjusting the reflectors 2 driven. The linear motor, for example, by a linear stepper motor 26 with a spindle 28 be realized, which is controlled approximately gradually until the sun's position corresponding angular position of the reflectors 2 is reached.

Ideally, the solar modules are placed at the ideal inclination between 20 and 50 degrees, so that the receiver tubes or the angle of rotation of the reflectors is largely positioned perpendicular to the circle on which the sun is relative to the earth. However, due to the uniaxial tracking of the reflectors within the modules, other installation positions are conceivable. In particular, a wall mounting is possible. It is advantageous if the receiver tubes 5 largely horizontally. Depending on the position of the sun, at the beginning of the module a shading and at the end a lateral radiation over the Emp catcher pipe out. An aligned line in the horizontal direction ensures that this light is absorbed by the adjacent receiver tube. Likewise, it is preferable to proceed in a roof mounting by the tubes or modules preferably extending in the north-south direction are strung together, as in the 9 is shown schematically. This can be a lateral offset of the tubes 5 relative to the respective modules 3 be provided.

The 10 to 13 show an embodiment of a two-part solar system 1 consisting of the module 3 , the reflectors 2 . 2 ' and through a solar glass 4 is covered and from a receiver tube 5 that the absorber 12 includes; the one heat sink 14 , a cooling channel 16 as well as solar cells 1 running has. Through a coolant that has a cooling channel 16 flows through, becomes the absorber 12 cooled. The solar cells 11 are oriented towards reflectors on a heat sink 14 attached, about glued or soldered, on which in turn the cooling channel 16 is attached. The heat sink is preferably made of an aluminum or copper sheet. The solar cells are as good heat-conducting and electrically insulating connected to the heat sink. For this purpose, the heat sink may be provided as a heat-conducting printed circuit board consisting of an aluminum or copper sheet and an insulating layer and conductor track structures thereon, to which the preferably back-contacted solar cells are soldered. Alternatively, the solar cells can be glued to the heat sink, for example by means of a thermally conductive adhesive or a thermally conductive foil.

The absorber 12 is placed at a distance of about 20-60 cm above the module. Like in the 11 recognizable, direct all reflectors 2 . 2 ' the incoming sunlight 6 . 8th on the solar cells 11 of the absorber 12 um, where here are the solar cells 11 in two rows 11a and 11b are arranged, with both rows of solar cells 11 include an angle δ of about 90 degrees and where the reflectors 2 located to the left of the absorber, the right row 11b the solar cells 11 illuminate and arranged according to the right of the absorber reflectors 2 ' the left row 11a the solar cells 11 to illuminate as vertical an incidence of the reflected sunlight as possible 7 to enable the solar cells, which increases the efficiency of converting the incident light into electricity. In addition, in the manner of a light trap, part of the solar cells 11 reflected light directed to opposite solar cells.

The Width of the reflectors corresponds largely to the width of one Row of solar cells. Accordingly, the length of the vertical to the plane of succession arranged solar cells largely identical to that extending perpendicular to the plane of the drawing Length of the reflectors. The solar cells are preferably electrically connected in series and point parallel to each solar cell switched bypass diodes, preferably of the Schottky type.

In the 13 the drive of the reflectors is shown. The reflectors 2 . 2 ' consist of an aluminum sheet of small thickness, whose side facing the sun is mirrored and are on a bracket 18 mounted and in pivot points 22 rotatably mounted end and each have Nachführstifte 23 on that with a tracking bar 25 over swivels 24 are connected. A drive motor 26 , which is designed here as a linear motor, displaces the tracking rod largely linearly by a spindle 28 that with the tracking bar 25 connected is.

Like in the 17 is shown graphically, there is a dependence of the received light power from the sun's position and it reduces the reflected light power to the absorber due to shading of the reflectors with each other, the smaller the distance between the absorber and the plane in which the reflectors are arranged. Preferably, therefore, in a further embodiment according to the 14 the reflectors are not arranged in a plane, but have towards the edge of the module toward a greater height from the module bottom, as further towards the center, while arranged in the middle of the module reflectors are slightly higher than the laterally adjacent reflectors. This gives a W-shaped arrangement of the pivot points 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' , which can be approximated by a straight function of fourth or higher degree. This arrangement optimizes the received light output depending on the position of the sun, in the event that an arrangement of two rows 11a . 11b of solar cells 11 along the axis of rotation 21 is used, which include each other an angle δ not equal to zero, that are not arranged within a common plane.

In the case where the solar cells are arranged within a common plane, a parabolic arrangement is a function of the second straight line of the fulcrums 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' advantageous.

A first turn of the 17 shows the situation for an absorber distance of 600 mm to the central reflector, wherein the absorber has two rows of solar cells, which enclose an angle δ of 142 degrees, in order to ensure the highest possible incidence of light. The reflectors are arranged in a plane (E). It is located the absorber always centered on the reflectors and it illuminate always the left of the absorber arranged reflectors the left row of solar cells and corresponding to the right of the absorber arranged reflectors the right row of solar cells. A further curve shows the received power an absorber distance of 300 mm with also in a plane (E) arranged reflectors. Again, two rows of solar cells are provided, which now include an angle δ of 102 degrees. Another curve shows a comparatively small absorber distance of 148 mm with W-shaped reflectors 2 . 2 ' , Again, there are two rows 11a . 11b provided by solar cells, which now include an angle δ of 100 degrees. In general, it is useful to provide a large distance between the absorber and the reflectors in order to avoid the least possible shading between the various reflectors. The larger this distance, the closer the optimum angle δ between the two rows of solar cells of the 180 degree mark, which means that they are then largely in one plane.

at a sufficiently large distance between the absorber and the reflectors, it is sufficient if the reflectors themselves located within a plane and the solar cells within it arranged parallel plane. However, if the distance becomes smaller, about to build a one-piece solar module, in which the Absorber together with the reflectors within a housing located below a solar glass, so the absorber preferably at least two rows of solar cells, which are at an angle δ to each other are tilted and the reflectors are not in one plane, but have a W-shaped course.

Are the fulcrums 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' Positioned on a parabola, it results in comparison to a planar arrangement of the fulcrums of the reflectors even less shading each other. However, a W-shaped arrangement of the pivot points is particularly advantageous 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' especially in the event that the solar cells 11 on the absorber 12 in two by an angle δ angled rows 11a . 11b are arranged. With suitable optimization, one obtains only an insignificantly lower power curve compared to solar systems with significantly greater distances between the absorber and the reflectors.

The 14 to 16 show a further, now one-part embodiment of the invention. For better clarity, the module housing and the solar glass, which covers the module towards the sun, not shown in the drawing.

The absorber 12 consisting of the heat sink 14 , the cooling channel 16 and two rows of solar cells inclined at an angle δ to each other 11 is in the embodiment of 14 to 16 together with the reflectors 2 . 2 ' arranged inside the module and from the solar glass 4 covered towards the sun. The absorber 12 will be on the side walls of the module 3 assembled. The reflectors 2 . 2 ' are on mounts 18 mounted and in pivot points 22 stored, which lie on a W-shaped curve and by twice bent Nachführstifte 23 with a tracking bar 25 through a swivel 24 are connected. The tracking bar 25 in turn, is powered by a linear motor 26 by means of a spindle 28 adjusted and thus the reflectors are tracked to the time-varying position of the sun. Because the distances between the pivot points 22 and the swivel joints 24 for all reflectors 2 . 2 ' are identical and there all Nachführstifte 23 parallel to each other, the course of the swivel joints 24 on the tracking bar 25 the same W-shaped course as the fulcrums 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' ,

The solar cells 11 are also in this embodiment in two rows 11a . 11b arranged perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, with both rows 11a . 11b the solar cells 11 enclose an angle δ of about 100 degrees, so that through the reflectors 2 . 2 ' reflected sunlight 7 largely perpendicular to the solar cells 11 incident. Those reflectors 2 , which are located on the left side of the module center, reflect the incident sunlight on the left row 1la the solar cells and according to the right of the module center arranged reflectors 2 ' on the right solar cell array 11b , Again, the width of the reflectors is largely identical to the width of a series of solar cells.

Of course, more than two rows of solar cells 11 be used. For example, in each case two rows of solar cells can be aligned parallel to one another and two further rows of solar cells can be arranged offset by an angle thereto. The width of the reflectors in this case will be about as large as the width of those two rows of solar cells that are aligned parallel to each other.

The 18 to 20 show a further one-part embodiment of the invention. Largely identical components are provided with the same reference numerals. A difference from the preceding embodiment lies in the drive of the reflectors by a rotary electric motor, preferably by a DC motor 26 is given, the output side may have a transmission. The power transmission can as shown by a belt drive, or alternatively done by gears. The reflectors consist of glass mirrors, so that a separate holder can be omitted. The reflectors are held at angles on the ends, which are pivoted 22 are connected to a frame member. Furthermore, the angle bores, in which Nachführstifte 23 to be set, via swivel joints 24 with the tracking bar 25 are connected. This tracking bar 25 is via a belt drive by the electric motor 26 twisted. This will make the reflectors 2 . 2 ' adjusted to the changing position of the sun. Furthermore, at the same time via a 1: 2 translation, a sensor unit 30 adjusted. This sensor unit 30 comprises an opaque plate, wherein on each side of the plate at least one photosensitive element, such as a photoresistor - a photo-diode or a photo-transistor, is arranged.

in the Ideally, both photoelements receive the same amount of light. changed the position of the sun, a photo element in the shade and the electric motor is about an amplifier and a transistor H-bridge driven until both photovoltaic cells receive the same amount of light again.

1

solar system

2, 2 '

reflector

3

module

4

solar glass

5

receiver tube

6 8th

incident sunlight

7

reflected sunlight

9 9 '

plumb to the reflector surface

10

receiver surface

11

solar cells

11a, 11b

line of solar cells

12

absorber

14

heatsink

16

cooling channel

18

bracket

19

ball-bearing

20

tracking device

21

axis of rotation

22

pivot point

23

Nachführstift

24

swivel

25

Nachführstange

26

drive motor

27

wave

28

spindle

29

jacking

30

sensor unit

32

cylindrical lens

34

sensor (Semiconductor chip receiver)

35, 36

Sensor line element

40

control device

42

timer

44

relay

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - "Circuits for the tracking of collectors and solar cell carriers" by Volker Heinzel and Joachim Schröder in Solar Energy No. 2, 1986, pages 23-24 [0020]

Claims (14)

solar system 1 consisting of one or more modules 3 where each module 3 several on both sides uniaxially rotatably mounted, mutually parallel reflectors 2 . 2 ' , a tracking device 20 as well as an absorber 12 having, wherein the reflectors 2 . 2 ' the incoming sunlight 6 . 8th towards the absorber 12 deflect, characterized in that the uniaxial tracking of the reflectors 2 . 2 ' at the time-varying position of the sun all reflectors 2 . 2 ' a module 3 through the tracking device 20 at the same time about the same angle about mutually parallel axes of rotation 21 are adjustable and that the absorber 12 parallel to the axes of rotation 21 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' largely in the middle of the associated module 3 is arranged and to the reflectors 2 . 2 ' indicative solar cells 11 comprising, in one or more rows 11a . 11b are arranged, on which the sunlight 6 . 8th through the reflectors 2 . 2 ' is concentrated. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the absorber 12 within the module 3 located towards the sun through a transparent solar glass 4 is covered. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that above each module 3 a receiver tube 5 within which is the absorber 12 is arranged. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concentration factor between 5 and 20 lies. Solar installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing points 22 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' within a module 3 are arranged along a W-shape. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reflectors 2 . 2 ' in the direction of the axis of rotation 21 have a longitudinal extension which is greater by at least a factor of 10 than the width of the reflectors 2 . 2 ' perpendicular to the axis of rotation 21 , Solar installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sun-facing surface of the reflectors 2 . 2 ' is flat and the width of the reflectors 2 . 2 ' the width of at least one row 11a . 11b of solar cells 11 equivalent. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorber 12 at least two rows 11a . 11b of solar cells 11 wherein at least two of the rows 11a . 11b mutually enclose an angle δ between 60 and 120 degrees. Solar system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the reflectors 2 . 2 ' to the left of the absorber 12 are arranged, at least a first row 11a of solar cells 11 of the absorber 12 illuminate and according to the right of the absorber 12 arranged reflectors at least one more row 11b of solar cells 11 illuminate. Solar installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overall height of the module 3 less than 25 cm. Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorber 12 Furthermore, a heat sink 14 has and that the solar cells 11 on the back of the heat sink 14 are mounted, which at least one cooling channel 16 has, which is traversed by a cooling liquid. Solar installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that backside-contacted silicon solar cells 11 be used Solar system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tracking device 20 one perpendicular to the axes of rotation 21 the reflectors 2 . 2 ' movable tracking bar 25 which has the tracking of the reflectors 2 . 2 ' serves and by an electric motor 26 is driven. Solar installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each reflector 2 . 2 ' a tracking pen 23 which, with the Nachführstange 25 over a swivel joint 24 connected is.