DE102008029765B4 - Impression tray and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

Dental impression tray with an approximately U-shaped tray base (2), an inner wall (3) and an outer wall (4), which together form a molded shell, a first area (6) of the tray base (2) being in one of the inner wall (3) and / or to the outer wall (4) substantially perpendicular to the first plane and at least one further area (7; 10) of the spoon base (2) extends in a further plane offset from the first plane, characterized that one of the areas (6) is an arcuate section of the tray base (2) for molding front teeth and another of the areas (7) is an end of a leg of the tray base (2) facing away from the arcuate section for molding molar teeth.

Description

The invention relates to an impression tray with an approximately U-shaped spoon bottom, an inner wall and an outer wall, which together form a shell mold. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such an impression tray.

Such dental impression trays can after the DE 10 2006 056 983 A1 as carrier for the production of a dental product, for example a dental splint. Such as in the DE 103 10 094 A1 described another application of such impression tray is the molding of an upper and / or lower jaw by means of an impression material. Such a dental impression tray is also from the DE 100 04 415 B4 known in which project from the spoon bottom several mushroom-like projections, which serve as mechanical retention for the impression material.

In the case of such known impression trays, due to the different lengths of the anterior teeth and molars, the problem may arise that, in particular, the longer anterior teeth bite through the impression material and hit the tray bottom. This results in the impression of the upper or lower jaw by means of an impression material to an inaccurate impression in the anterior teeth. When producing a dental product, for example a dental splint, the film used for this purpose can be destroyed in the anterior region if the teeth penetrate too deeply into the impression tray. Next is from the DE 824 672 a spoon known for partially edged pine.

From the DE 18 91 890 U An impression tray is known, the spoon bottom extends in a plane. In a special form of the impression tray, which can be used for partially edentulous jaws, only the anterior teeth of a jaw should be preserved so that the tray has movably flattened areas for the edentulous lateral jaw sections.

In the from the US 6,213,768 B1 known impression tray is the spoon bottom throughout in a plane. From the EP 0 553 448 A1 is a surface-conditioned impression tray is known, which is provided with a composite layer, which ensures a defined adhesion to impression materials.

The EP 0 632 060 A2 and the WO 99/37272 A1 relate to a silicone-modified acrylic copolymer or a relining for prostheses.

Object of the present invention is in contrast to provide a impression tray of the type mentioned above, which avoids these disadvantages of the known impression tray and even with very long anterior teeth the safe production of a dental splint or the like., Or the complete impression of a jaw allows. Another object is the improved production of a dental product.

This object is achieved with a impression tray according to claim 1 or its use according to claim 15 dissolved. A first region of the spoon bottom extends in a first plane substantially perpendicular to the inner wall and / or the outer wall and at least one further region of the spoon bottom extends in a (further) plane offset from the first plane. In other words, an area of greater depth and at least one further area of lesser depth are created in the spoon bottom. The impression tray according to the invention can thus have a significantly greater depth in the region in which the anterior teeth are to be shaped than in the region in which the molars are shaped. This makes it almost impossible for the anterior teeth to be pressed down to the base of the tray, so that the impression tray according to the invention also makes possible an accurate impression in the anterior region of the tooth.

The two mutually offset planes of the spoon bottom need not be aligned exactly perpendicular to the inner and / or the outer wall of the impression tray. Rather, it is common in impression trays that the inner and outer wall, starting from the spoon bottom, for example, divergent, to allow easier removal. Further, the at least two lying in different planes areas of the spoon bottom must not be formed completely flat, but may for example have a slight curvature or curvature.

According to the invention, it is provided that one of the regions is an arcuate section of the spoon bottom for molding anterior teeth and another of the regions is an end of a leg of the spoon base facing away from the curved section for molding molars. Thus, the two leg portions of the U-shaped spoon bottom can lie in a common plane, while the arcuate portion of the spoon bottom connecting the two legs is arranged in a second plane recessed relative to this plane, so that the depth of the impression tray in the arcuate section is greater than in the two legs. This is for the anterior teeth, which are molded by the arcuate portion, a greater depth in the impression tray available than for the molded in the legs of the U-shaped spoon bottom molars. This impression tray is therefore particularly suitable for impressions of the lower jaw.

For the impression of an upper jaw contrast, the depth of the impression tray in the arcuate portion may be less than in the legs, so that the comparatively long canines and molars of the upper jaw can be well formed. Alternatively, for the impression of an upper jaw segmental sections may be formed with a greater depth even in the area of the canines and the first molars, while the arcuate portion and the end portions of the legs have only a smaller depth. In other words, in such an impression tray one of the regions is a segment between an arcuate portion of the spoon bottom and the arcuate portion facing away from ends of the spoon bottom, wherein the further region is formed by the arcuate portion and / or the opposite ends of the legs.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first plane is offset substantially parallel to the second plane. In this case, a step and / or a curved and / or bevelled intermediate region can be provided between the regions of the spoon bottom lying in different planes. However, the different levels of the spoon bottom can also be inclined relative to one another, it being preferred if the at least two different regions of the spoon base do not merge into one another continuously.

Alternatively, or in addition to the aforementioned features, an impression tray according to the invention can be provided with passage openings at least in a portion of the spoon bottom, which is suitable, for example, for molding anterior teeth of a lower jaw, wherein the impression tray with an impression material and at least partially with a between the spoon bottom and the impression material provided indicator material is filled, which is different from the impression material, in particular color. This indicator material emerges from the through-holes during an impression. If, for example, during the impression of a lower jaw, the anterior teeth penetrate too deeply into the impression tray, impression material also passes through the passage openings. This can be detected by a user and thus prevent in time that the anterior teeth are pressed even further into the impression tray, in order to ensure a precise impression of the anterior teeth. For the impression of an upper jaw, the indicator material may be provided in a segment provided between the arcuate portion of the spoon bottom and the arcuate portion of legs of the spoon bottom and / or in the legs of the spoon bottom. The indicator material may be formed as a thin layer of, for example, a few millimeters.

It is particularly preferred if the indicator material is used in an impression tray in which areas of the spoon bottom extend in different planes. Thus, for example, the indicator material may be provided only in the lower jaw-shaped arcuate portion of the spoon base for molding the anterior teeth, while the staggered leg portions of the spoon base need not be equipped with the indicator material. In the impression of an upper jaw, accordingly, only the recessed legs or a recessed segment for canines and first molars may be equipped with the indicator material. In principle, however, the passage openings and / or the indicator material can also be distributed over the entire spoon bottom in order to provide a display possibility not only for the anterior teeth, but also for the molars, if the teeth are pressed too deeply into the impression tray.

The distinction between the impression material and the indicator material can be particularly simple if the impression material and the indicator material have different colors. A user can thus recognize very quickly when, instead of the indicator material, the impression material emerges through the openings in the impression tray, so that a user can use it to control and estimate how deep, for example, the anterior teeth are seated or pressed into the tray.

The impression material is preferably an addition-curing silicone which cures after a certain period of time in the patient's mouth. Although the indicator material is a curable material, it is preferred that the curing time of the impression material be less than or equal to that of the indicator material. A user can thus on the basis of the emerging from the through-holes indicator material determine whether this and thus also the impression material has already hardened sufficiently. The indicator material thus fulfills a threefold function, on the one hand the indication of the depth of penetration of the teeth in the impression tray and on the other hand the indication of the degree of cure of the impression material and additionally a mechanical connection between the impression tray and the impression and / or indicator material after curing, which is the common removal of the impression tray with the impression material.

In order to be able to remove the cured impression material from the mouth together with the impression tray after the impression and the curing of the impression material, it is preferred if an adhesive bond is formed between the impression material and the impression tray. This prevents the cured impression material from sticking to the molded teeth or being separated from the impression tray. Thus, such an adhesive bond contributes to the fact that the impression can be removed from the mouth without displacements or distortions of the oral situation depicted in the negative impression. Thus, a good adhesive bond has a decisive influence on the quality and precision of the impression itself as well as on the basis of the impression to be made dentures.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least part of the spoon bottom is provided with an adhesive, which can produce an adhesive bond between the impression material and the impression tray. For this purpose, the impression tray can be coated with the adhesive before filling the impression material. However, it is preferred if the adhesive is already applied at the factory during production of the impression tray on this. This has the advantage that the user no subsequent coating of the impression tray is required. According to the invention, the application of the adhesive on the impression tray by means of brushing, spraying or a dip or the like. Take place. It is preferred if the adhesive is dissolved for this purpose in a solvent which evaporates after application and leaves a solid or liquid adhesive film on the impression tray. Alternatively or additionally, the adhesive may already be incorporated into the material during the manufacturing process of the impression tray. For example, in the case of injection molding, the adhesive can already be introduced into the plastic granulate used for the impression tray.

wobei m, x und y ganze Zahlen im Bereich von Null bis 1.000 sind,
R: H, Halogen, Alkyl, substituiertes Alkyl, CN,
A = Spacer, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 0 bis 30-C Atomen, der auch einen aromatisch ungesättigten oder cycloaliphatischen Ring enthalten kann,
R¹ eine ungesättigte Gruppe und/oder eine der folgenden Gruppen: Alkyl-, Aryl-, Aralkyl- und halogensubstituierte Alkyl- und Aryl-Gruppen, Cyanalkyl, Cycloalkyl,
darstellt und
R² gleich R¹ oder R³ sein kann, wobei R³ sich zusammensetzt aus den Struktureinheiten, nämlich
A, B, Polydialkylsiloxy-Einheit und der ethylenisch ungesättigten Einheit:

mit B = O, S, NH, NR, PH, PR.According to the invention, it is preferable to use an adhesive according to the WO 99/37272 A1 together with an addition-curing silicone as impression material to use. The adhesion component has the following general formula:

where m, x and y are integers ranging from zero to 1,000,
R: H, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, CN,
A = spacer, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 0 to 30-C atoms, which may also contain an aromatic-unsaturated or cycloaliphatic ring,
R ^{1 represents} an unsaturated group and / or one of the following groups: alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and halogen-substituted alkyl and aryl groups, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl,
represents and
R ^{2 may be} R ¹ or R ³ , where R ³ is composed of the structural units, namely
A, B, polydialkylsiloxy unit and the ethylenically unsaturated unit:

with B = O, S, NH, NR, PH, PR.

These adhesive molecules are constructed as a copolymer in such a way that in one part of the molecule they have an oligomer or polymer chain which by mechanical entanglement of molecular chains is able to form a physical bond to a plastic, for example a plastic impression spoon of the above mentioned kind. In further parts of the molecule, the adhesive molecules contain Si-vinyl groups which are capable of forming a chemical adhesive bond with the SiH groups of the addition-crosslinking silicone by means of a chemical reaction (platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation) with an addition-crosslinking silicone as dental impression material.

wobei x und y ganze Zahlen im Bereich von Null bis 1.000 sind.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the adhesive component of the adhesive has the following formula:

where x and y are integers ranging from zero to 1,000.

Since addition-curing silicones based on cross-linking between Si-vinyl groups and SiH groups always work with an excess of SiH groups, these types of adhesive molecules containing Si-vinyl groups have the advantage of being useful in the art Contact with a setting addition-curing silicone always free SiH groups find, to which they can connect. As a result, a better and safer bond is produced compared to analogous SiH-based adhesives.

wobei d eine ganze Zahl zwischen 0 und 100, e eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 100 sind und x und y so gewählt sind, dass das Copolymer eine Molmasse zwischen 5.000 und 1.000.000 hat. Dabei sind: R³ H, Methyl, Ethyl; R⁴ H, Methyl, Ethyl; R⁵ Alkyl, Aryl; R⁶ Alkyl, Aryl und R⁷ H, Alkyl, Aryl. A ist eine zweiwertige organische Gruppe mit zwei bis zwanzig Kohlenstoffatomen, die optional eine Ether- oder Esterbindung in der Hauptkette enthalten kann.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the adhesive is an Si-based adhesive, for example according to the EP 0 632 060 , The adhesion component has, for example, the following general formula:

where d is an integer between 0 and 100, e is an integer between 1 and 100, and x and y are chosen such that the copolymer has a molecular weight between 5,000 and 1,000,000. Where: R ^{3 is} H, methyl, ethyl; R ^{4 is} H, methyl, ethyl; R ^{5 is} alkyl, aryl; R ^{6 is} alkyl, aryl and R ^{7 is} H, alkyl, aryl. A is a divalent organic Group of two to twenty carbon atoms, which may optionally contain an ether or ester bond in the main chain.

Basically, for producing an adhesive composite suitable all common Löffeladhäsive, especially Panasil ^® adhesive varnish (Kettenbach GmbH & Co. KG), Universal Adhesive (Heraeus Kulzer), Universal Tray Adhesive (Zhermack), Tray Adhesive for A-silicones (DMG) and Silfix Sponge adhesive for A-silicone impression materials (Dentsply DeTrey). It is inventively preferred if such adhesives are not applied as usual until immediately before the use of the impression tray by the user, but are already applied at the factory, ie the impression tray is precoated with the adhesive.

Alternatively or in addition to the use of an adhesive, an adhesive bond between the impression tray and the impression material can also be produced by mechanical retention, in particular on the tray bottom. For this purpose, in particular transverse to the withdrawal direction depressions, z. B. grooves or holes, elevations, z. As noses or webs, or recesses, z. As holes or slots, be provided in the spoon bottom and possibly the walls. The mechanical retention can also by surface roughness of the impression tray, by a surface treatment, z. B. a plasma treatment can be achieved.

Furthermore, according to the invention, an adhesive bond between the impression tray and the impression material can already be achieved by selecting suitable materials by matching the surface energies / surface tensions of the contacting surfaces of the impression tray and the impression material.

The impression tray according to the invention may consist of metal or plastic, for example a thermoplastically deformable plastic, a plastic which is provided with reinforcing fillers or fibers to ensure high rigidity, or a plastic which is coated with a metal layer, for example by chromium plating Nylon or polyamide.

For the production of a dental product, for example a dental splint, it is preferred if the impression tray consists of a material which is solid at temperatures below 140 ° C., wherein in the form of a molding or stamping material plastically deformable at temperatures between 30 ° C and 80 ° C. is provided and at least on the side facing away from the spoon bottom, a thermoplastic film is arranged, which has a layer thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 4 mm and a softening temperature between about 40 ° C and about 200 ° C. After heating at least the thermoplastic film, the impression tray loaded with the stamping or impression compound and the film can be applied into the mouth of a patient so that an impression of the oral situation is produced in the film. After the thermoplastic film has cooled, it can be removed from the patient's mouth together or separately from the impression tray, so that the film can optionally be used as an individually adapted dental tray after further processing steps, such as pruning.

It is preferred if the thermoplastic material for the production of the dental product from the following group is selected: copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, polycaprolactone, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutenes, styrene-isoprene-styrene or styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers, thermoplastic elastomers, amorphous polyolefins, linear thermoplastic polyurethanes, copolyesters, polyamide resins, polyamide / EVA copolymers, polyaminoamides based on dimer fatty acids, polyester amides, polyether amides or a shape memory plastic.

The impression tray of the type described above is suitable, on the one hand, for molding the upper and / or lower jaw by means of an impression compound in order, for example, to create a tooth model. Furthermore, the impression tray according to the invention is also suitable for producing a dental product, in particular in the form of an orthodontic splint, bite template, mini slide bar, crunch bar, dressing plate, bite splint, bite guide bar, fluoridation splint, bleaching splint, delivery splint, mouthguard, positioner or medicament carrier.

The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and with reference to the drawing.

They show schematically:

1 in side view, an impression tray for mandible according to the invention,

2 a plan view of the top of the impression tray after 1 .

3 a top view to 1 .

4 in side view of an impression tray according to the invention for maxilla and

5 in side view another impression tray according to the invention for upper jaw.

The impression tray shown in the figures 1 is essentially by a spoon bottom 2 as well as an inner wall 3 and an outer wall 4 formed, which protrude from the spoon bottom. The spoon bottom 2 forms together with the inner wall 3 and the outer wall 4 a mold shell for receiving a molding or stamping mass.

Further, in the illustrated embodiment, a handle 5 provided, in one piece with the impression tray 1 is trained. The height of the inner wall 3 and the outer wall 4 is not constant and increases to the grip 5 opposite end of the impression tray 1 strong off, leaving on the handle 5 opposite end, on which the inner wall 3 in the outer wall 4 goes over, these are designed only as a small bridge.

The spoon bottom 2 is approximately U-shaped, with a handle 5 facing, arcuate section 6 and two thighs 7 that from the handle 5 face away. As seen from the view of 1 a suitable especially for the impression of a mandible impression tray is visible, is through the arcuate portion 6 of the spoon bottom defining a first, flat area substantially in a plane perpendicular to the inner wall 3 and the outer wall 4 is. The two thighs 7 of the spoon bottom 2 form further areas which lie in a plane leading to the first plane of the arcuate section 6 offset and slightly inclined. Between these two areas is a step-like intermediate section 8th educated.

One recognizes in particular 1 in that the mold shell, which passes through the inner wall 3 , the outer wall 4 and the spoon bottom 2 is formed in the region of the thighs 7 has a smaller depth than in the through the arcuate portion 6 defined area. When using the impression tray 1 for shaping a lower jaw, the anterior teeth are in the region of the arcuate portion 6 while the molars are in the area of the thighs 7 are arranged.

In the illustrated embodiment, in the through the arcuate portion 6 formed area of the spoon bottom 2 three through holes 9 educated.

Now in the impression tray 1 an impression material and in the arcuate section 6 between the impression material and the spoon bottom 2 an indicator material, which is colored, for example, differently than the impression material, filled, so occurs when molding a mandible by the pressure exerted indicator material through the through holes 9 from the spoon bottom 2 out. Are the anterior teeth too strong in the impression tray 1 impressed, so also impression material passes through the through holes 9 from the spoon bottom 2 out. This is an indication that the anterior teeth are on the floor of the spoon 2 approximate, allowing further penetration of the anterior teeth into the impression tray 1 should be avoided.

That through the passage openings 9 from the spoon bottom 2 Exiting indicator or impression material also forms a mechanical retention after curing, which is a detachment of the impression material from the impression tray 1 difficult.

Notwithstanding the embodiment shown in the figures can also in the thighs 7 Through openings 9 be provided. Also the number and size of the passage openings 9 may differ from the illustrated embodiment.

The previously with reference to the 1 to 3 described impression tray 1 is suitable for the impression of a lower jaw. On the other hand, most of the teeth in the maxilla are from the canine to the first molar. For the impression of an upper jaw, therefore, in the 4 and 5 illustrated impression tray. These are either just one segment 10 ( 4 ) or the entire area of the legs 7 from about the canine ( 5 ) opposite the arcuate section 6 trained in depth. Thus, the impression tray for an upper jaw either in terms of the recess about the reverse as in the 1 to 3 shown spoons 1 be formed or with a total of three shallower sections and two deeper sections.

Claims (15)

Dental impression tray with an approximately U-shaped spoon base ( 2 ), an inner wall ( 3 ) and an outer wall ( 4 ), which together form a shell mold, wherein a first region ( 6 ) of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) in one to the inner wall ( 3 ) and / or to the outer wall ( 4 ) extends substantially perpendicular first level and at least one further area ( 7 ; 10 ) of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) extends in a further plane offset from the first plane, characterized in that one of the regions ( 6 ) an arcuate portion of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) for molding anterior teeth and another of the areas ( 7 ) an end facing away from the arcuate portion of a leg of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) is for molding of molars. Impression tray according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the regions ( 10 ) a segment between an arcuate section ( 6 ) of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) for molding anterior teeth and ends of thighs facing away from the arched portion ( 7 ) of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) for molding of molars, the further area being defined by the arcuate portion ( 6 ) and / or the opposite ends of the legs ( 7 ) is formed. Impression tray according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first plane is offset substantially parallel to the further plane. Impression tray according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the regions ( 6 . 7 . 10 ) of the spoon bottom ( 2 ) at least one stage ( 8th ) and / or a curved and / or at least one bevelled intermediate region ( 8th ) is provided. Impression tray, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an impression material is received in the shell mold, wherein between the impression tray and the impression material by mechanical retention and / or an adhesive with which at least a portion of the tray ( 2 ), an adhesive bond exists. Impression tray according to claim 5, characterized in that at least in a portion of the spoon base ( 2 ) several passage openings ( 9 ) are provided, and in the spoon bottom ( 2 ) at least partially between the spoon bottom ( 2 ) and the impression material is provided a different indicator material from the impression material. Impression tray according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the impression material and the indicator material have different colors. Impression tray according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the impression material and the indicator material are curable materials, wherein the curing time of the impression material is less than or equal to that of the indicator material. Impression tray according to claim 5, wherein the impression material is an addition-crosslinking silicone and the adhesion component has the following general formula:

wherein m, x and y are integers in the range of zero to 1,000, R: H, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, CN, A = spacer, straight or branched hydrocarbon radical having 0 to 30-C atoms, which also has an aromatically unsaturated or cycloaliphatic ring, R ^{1 represents} an unsaturated group and / or one of the following groups: alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and halogen-substituted alkyl and aryl groups, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, and R ^{2 is} equal to R ¹ or R ³ where R ³ is composed of the structural units, namely A, B, polydialkylsiloxy unit and the ethylenically unsaturated unit:

with B = O, S, NH, NR, PH, PR. An impression tray according to claim 9, wherein the adhesive component has the formula:

where x and y are integers ranging from zero to 1,000. Impression tray according to claim 5, wherein at least a part of the spoon base ( 2 ) is provided with an adhesive and wherein the impression material is an addition-crosslinking silicone and the adhesion component has the following general formula:

where d is an integer between 0 and 100, e is an integer between 1 and 100, x and y are chosen such that the copolymer has a molecular weight between 5,000 and 1,000,000, R ³ and R ⁴ : H, methyl , Ethyl; R ⁵ and R ⁶ : alkyl, aryl, R ⁷ : H, alkyl, aryl and A is a bivalent organic group of two to twenty carbon atoms, which may optionally contain an ether or ester bond in the main chain. Impression tray according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the spoon bottom ( 2 ) Mechanical Retention are provided. Impression tray according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a dental product, characterized in that the impression tray ( 1 ) consists of a material which is solid at temperatures below 140 ° C., wherein a stamping or molding material which is plastically deformable at least at temperatures between 30 ° C. and 80 ° C. is provided in the mold shell and at least on the bottom of the tray ( 2 ) facing away from a thermoplastic film having a layer thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 4 mm is arranged, the softening temperature between about 40 ° C and 200 ° C. Impression tray according to claim 13, characterized in that the material of the thermoplastic film is selected from the following group: copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, polycaprolactone, polypropylene, polyethylene, polybutenes, styrene-isoprene-styrene or styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers , thermoplastic elastomers, amorphous polyolefins, linear thermoplastic polyurethanes, copolyesters, polyamide resins, polyamide / EVA copolymers, dimer fatty acid based polyaminoamides, polyesteramides, polyetheramides or a shape memory plastic. Using a impression tray ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims for the production of a dental product, in particular in the form of an orthodontic splint, bite template, mini slide bar, crunch bar, dressing plate, bite splint, bite guide bar, fluoridation splint, bleaching splint, transfer splint, mouthguard, positioner or medicament carrier.

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