DE102008013336A1 - Motor vehicle has ventilation hole with cover flap for opening and closing, where ventilation hole is arranged at front, lateral, upside or below motor compartment area or below bodywork or rear area of bodywork - Google Patents

Abstract

The motor vehicle has ventilation hole (10) with a cover flap (18) for opening and closing. The ventilation hole is arranged at front, lateral, upside or below motor compartment area or below bodywork or rear area of the bodywork. The outer surfaces of the cover flap form an aerodynamically favorable surface shape with outer surfaces of the vehicle or its parts.

Description

The The invention relates to motor vehicles with at least one loading and / or Ventilation flap with the in the preamble of claim 1 mentioned features.

It It is known that the combustion process in a vehicle engine resulting waste heat via a water cooling is dissipated. The heated cooling water comes with the air flow through the driving wind and in addition cooled with an air blower. In the same way through the cooling air flow ancillaries such as oil cooler, Air condenser and air conditioning compressor cooled.

Furthermore Forced cooling of the engine compartment via for example, in the underbody paneling of the engine compartment, permanently opened ventilation openings and nozzles. In addition, such nozzles also for permanent cooling of the brakes in the underbody and provided in the area of wheel arches.

These passive aggregate cooling is in most cases for a maximum engine or transmission load (Trips in hot countries, trailer operation, Passions) or for maximum brake load (repeated short-term braking from top speed, pass departures with trailer operation and continuous brakes). In many other partial load conditions is the incoming Cooling air flow not needed or even not desired (for example, at cold start, but also the predominant Proportion in standard driving mode).

About that In addition, results from the inflowing into the engine compartment Cooling air an increase in air resistance and thus a deterioration of the Gesamtfahrzeugaerodynamik. The air resistance is known to increase with the square of the vehicle speed and influences fuel consumption and thus CO2 emissions negatively, which also causes small disturbances with increasing driving speed become noticeable. It is therefore desirable to have an active ventilation flap actuation, the only one cooling air flow into the engine compartment or leads to the brakes when the cooling of engine, transmission and ancillaries or brakes essential is. Otherwise, the ventilation flaps should be as possible be completely closed. This will not make the engine additionally cooled, as long as he is in the cold start phase is and the brake cooling is not unnecessary create an air resistance. In addition, the sound emission out of the engine compartment to the outside through the closed ventilation flaps reduced. Even with a standard driving operation, the additional air flow for aggregate cooling in most cases not needed.

in the Aircraft construction is a so-called jet cooler as a heat exchanger known in which the heating of the air of the radiator a thrust generated. The effect is based on the fact that the air through a relative small gap in the direction of movement introduced into the radiator is warmed up and expanded, and then by a Nozzle against the direction of movement again the radiator to leave. In the state, no thrust is generated thereby. This cooler principle was used on aircraft with water-cooled engines. The principle of the jet cooler was 1915 by Hugo Junkers patented. An engine cowling for aircraft with radial engines, which works on the same principle, is called NACA hood and the nozzle cooler NACA nozzles.

conventional Drives (electromotive, electromagnetic, drive via Vacuum boxes or thermowax drives) of a flap can often for reasons of space are difficult or impossible to install.

In EP 1 337 757 B1 are described active valves for microfluidics, which are driven by a member of a shape memory material or electroactive polymer.

EP 1 169 591 B1 describes a fuel injection valve that is switched via a shape memory element.

In DE 3405609 A1 a ventilation flap in a microwave oven is described, which is actuated by a shape memory spring.

EP 1 161 204 B1 describes the special design of a shape memory spring that is implemented in bloodstream in a medical application.

In EP 1 219 313 A1 describes the use of a magnetically driven shape memory alloy valve integrated in a flexible tube.

A sliding roof opening in the roof of a vehicle has a displaceable and obliquely deployable lid, which is actuated mechanically or electromechanically. Mostly, the opening and closing of the sunroof lid is manually triggered by a user inside the vehicle. The sunroof opening serves to supply fresh air and is usually closed when the user feels disturbed by increasing speed due to the wind or wind noise or deliberately wants to reduce the air resistance caused by an open sunroof opening. An additional wind-deflecting flap is positioned diagonally opposite the wind when the sunroof lid is open.

DE 1 630 287 discloses a sunroof flap that is pneumatically driven by vacuum or overpressure to reduce the closing and opening forces.

Known is also a manually operated summer / winter flap, for example, the air supply to the air intake tract of the engine in the cold season of direct flow of air an air supply from the engine compartment switches. Such flap causes Although a desired warmer microclimate for the internal combustion engine during the cold season, however she is not on an outer surface arranged of the vehicle, but usually behind a front air grille, so that their opening position has no or almost no influence on the overall vehicle aerodynamics.

As well does not have any of the above-identified patent literature sources one aimed at improving the aerodynamics of the vehicle Solution.

Under The term aggregate is hereinafter the union of several Devices, machines or apparatus for fulfillment understood a specific technological function. The aggregate is significantly different from a single part or tool. With the linking the technological function of the single device in the unit lifted, it is rather subsumed under the technological function of the aggregate.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object for ventilation openings all kinds of vehicles, in particular to the vehicle enclosing Surfaces so close and open that their aerodynamic opening resistances only at generate increased resistance to such operating conditions, if the function of each opening is essential is and if the operating conditions operate without or with partially closed openings allow this accordingly aerodynamically optimized with the surrounding vehicle surfaces to let act.

Thereby, that in a motor vehicle with at least partially enclosing outer Areas with at least one therein for cooling and / or Ventilate provided ventilation opening, the in a front area, preferably the engine compartment area, frontal, laterally, above or below and / or below the body and / or arranged in another area of the body and for loading and / or venting at least one of zu belonging to the drive, air conditioning or braking devices Units by sucked in or blown outside air or the sucked out by wind air is provided, at least a ventilation opening with at least one for opening and closing provided lid flap is equipped and thus closing the ventilation opening, that the outer surface of the lid flap with the adjacent outer surfaces of the Vehicle or its parts as aerodynamic as possible forms favorable surface shape, is the task the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim solved.

In A preferred embodiment of the present invention is the cover flap pivotable on an edge of a surface belonging to the vehicle stored and further preferably equipped with a drive.

In Still another preferred embodiment of the present invention the drive of the cover flap by means of at least one electromechanical Actuator such as an electric motor, traction, lifting or impact magnets, a pneumatic or hydraulic Actuator with or without a gear member executed.

at a particularly because of achievable compactness preferred embodiment present invention is the drive of the lid flap with at least executed a material-active actuator, that as its essential actuator an electric, thermally or magnetically active material such as a piezoelement, bimetallic element, expansion thermocouple, shape memory element or the like.

Preferably is in a further embodiment of the present invention, the actuator of controlled by an electronic control, based on a sensor element signal evaluates a physical quantity and a control signal generates for operating the actuator. This can the degree of opening of the cover flap depending on of different physical parameters such as temperature and / or air pressure are controlled more accurately.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the active actuator is designed as a thermally-acting element, such as a bimetallic element, expansion thermocouple, shape memory element or the like. The thermocouples can be easily operated with the embodiments described below by the heat of the surrounding air, for example in the engine compartment or by heating by means of electric current and are inexpensive to manufacture, for example, the active actuator by the heat generated by the vehicle units and / or through the air temperature the airstream is directly thermophysically actuated or, alternatively, the active actuator is electrically heated by means of an additional heating element.

In Each of a further development of the present invention is as the additional, electrically energized heating element is a wire element or a surface element used. Wire is the conceivable simplest construction means and therefore easily processable. For band-shaped or plate-shaped material-active Actuators may be beneficial for the additional, electrically energized heating element Thin or thin film to use.

Especially can advantageously in a further embodiment of the present Invention, the active actuator for generating a Heating power directly be electrically energized. In this case, that does not apply additional heating element, which is a simplification and therefore can bring cost savings.

The active actuator may be in a further preferred Embodiment of the present invention at least two substantially closely juxtaposed or superimposed have material-active elements, each for generating a Heating power can be supplied with electricity separately. This allows the material-active actuator selectable work in different directions. With appropriate number of individual actuators can more than be achieved two different directions of actuation. Likewise, this can be given a different effect. Furthermore, in a further preferred embodiment present Invention the material-active elements as shape memory elements be executed with different preset switching temperature. This allows a gradual opening / closing the lid flap has been reached.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is the one at an edge of a vehicle belonging to the area pivotally mounted lid flap in a hinge hinge or a bending hinge in the longitudinal or transverse direction or an intermediate direction with respect to the straight-ahead direction stored the vehicle.

The material-active actuator can in a preferred Embodiment of the present invention additionally and simultaneously be used as a sensor element and one of a physical Size derived measurement signal to a controller deliver. This can be for example temperature, air pressure or a Be vibration signal.

Preferably can be the material-active, made of a shape memory material manufactured actuator as a wire, multiple wires, a meandering wire, a plate and / or a band to thereby obtain a desired one Specify force effect and / or change length to be able to.

Preferably has the made of the shape memory material Actuator of the lid flap a predetermined Wirktemperaturinstellung on. In contrast to bimetallic active materials, the one have continuous thermal length change, the shape memory materials can be a relative realize close switching temperature.

The Cover flap can be either as active closing or actively opening be executed. Furthermore, the closed with the lid flap Ventilation opening in the direction of the wind or be arranged in the direction away from the wind.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is the pressure force of the airstream as a lid flap closing or used an opening actuating force. hereby can be an air pressure and thus a speed-dependent Cover flap control be realized.

The Cover flap is preferably with at least one resilient element biased against the acting force. The surface of the cover flap can as a rigid folding surface as well as a flexible one Be executed folding surface.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is the lid flap with at least one in at least one stage, which corresponds to an opening stage of the lid flap, equipped latching element, which is unlockable. hereby needs a material-active element in its active, by a electrical signal generated position with constantly electrical energy to be energized, because by a catch the situation reached is maintained. To release from a such a locking position, the electrical signal is applied again and an unlocking device operated.

For this can in a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the latching element as a micro-toothed hinge with defined predetermined overcoming force as a mechanical ratchet be executed with automatic locking.

In yet another preferred embodiment staltung of the present invention, the lid flap is equipped with a displaceable mass, which is arranged in a space provided in the lid flap cavity. As a result, the mechanical opening / closing behavior of the cover flap can be changed depending on the situation.

The, The cover flap biasing spring can be made of a material-active Element designed as a shape memory element and the spring constant of the biasing spring by change the parameter of the material-active element changeable be. As a result, only the physical properties of the material-active element changed, whereby another, for example, situation-adapted opening / closing behavior the lid flap is accessible.

The, the cover flap biasing spring can advantageously be used in a series and / or parallel connection of passive springs may be arranged.

In still a next preferred embodiment of the present invention Invention is the bending hinge of the cover flap as a metal strip with used a material-active element.

In Yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention is as an actuator at least one in the hinge arranged, highly dynamically excited by a vibration signal Piezo element used. This can for example be latched on Acting pinion act, which is arranged as a drive shaft and is designed.

Between an actuator and the lid flap or the vehicle surface For example, a transmission element may be arranged is designed as a rope or rod and only the Actuating force of the actuator transmits.

To A partial aspect of the present invention is the lid flap as an alternative to an active electromechanical drive only biased towards the closed position with a spring element, with its opening direction aligned in the direction of travel and at the front portion of the lid flap an additional inclined surface is formed, the back pressure of the Windstream absorbs.

Prefers is the spring element as a spiral, thigh or bending spring executed and has a predetermined spring characteristic on. More preferably, the spring element through the surface of the Cover flap be formed, this purpose of a resilient material is shaped.

According to one Another embodiment of the present invention is that, by the surface of the cover flap formed, spring element provided with a "cracking-frog effect" and points thereby a stable and a metastable state. Thereby the lid flap is suddenly opened and closed, when the air pressure force generated by the airstream one each according to the preset amount is over or under.

In A preferred embodiment of the present invention is to the surface of the lid flap at least one surface section covering elastic member arranged with the surface the lid flap is firmly connected. This will be undesirable Natural vibrations of the lid flap damped and when using the crunching effect at the same time also the accompanying him Clacking noise suppressed. Further, it will become also drumming sounds muffled by Rockfalls can occur. The elastic Element may be made of rubber or an elastomer, for example be. Further preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the rest, mentioned in the dependent claims, features.

The Invention will be described below in embodiments the accompanying drawings explained. Show it:

1A a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation by passing airstream according to the prior art;

1B a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind according to the prior art;

1C a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind according to the prior art;

1D a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation by the passing windstream according to the prior art;

2 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a first embodiment;

3 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a second embodiment;

4 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a third embodiment;

5 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a fourth embodiment;

6 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a fifth embodiment;

7 a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening with ventilation through the air flowing into the ventilation opening wind with inventive cover flap in a sixth embodiment;

8th a schematic representation of a arranged on a vehicle according to the invention the lid flap in a seventh embodiment of the invention and

9A . 9B and 9C a schematic representation of a arranged on a vehicle according to the invention cover flap in an eighth embodiment of the invention and

10A . 10B a schematic representation of a arranged on a vehicle according to the invention the lid flap in a ninth embodiment of the invention.

1A to 1D show a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 according to the prior art.

In 1A and 1D the airstream flows past a ventilation opening facing away from it 10 and creates a suction effect by which the warm air is sucked out of the engine compartment.

In 1B and 1C is the wall 14 the air scoop aligned in the direction of travel, so that the opening 10 is arranged directly in the incoming wind. In this arrangement, a part of the driving air flows into the opening 10 For example, it may be brought out to somewhere else somewhere else (not shown).

In all cases described cause such vents 10 According to the prior art, a not insignificant air resistance and may be oversized in cold running phases and normal operation and thereby contribute to excessive cooling of the engine and vehicle units, whereby energy is lost and take the cold running phases longer than necessary.

2 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a first embodiment.

The ventilation opening 10 is here aligned against the direction indicated by an arrow wind, but can be arranged in a different configuration exactly the other way around as below 1A to 1D has been described.

An actuator 20 acts on the cover flap 18 for example via a transmission element 16 a, which can be designed both as a train claimed on cable and a claimable on train and pressure rod. The lid flap 18 is here designed as a rigid surface, which in a hinge joint 13 rotatable on an underbody surface 12 is stored.

In this embodiment, the vent can, after it is a little opened, be pushed down by the air pressure of the airstream. Likewise, the lid flap 18 be biased by a spring, not shown, which may be designed as an arbitrarily designed tension, compression or leg spring and / or the like.

3 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a second embodiment.

Here is the arrangement of the ventilation flap 18 on the vehicle floor 12 essentially the same as in 2 described, however, is the drive or the actuator 20 relative to the lid flap on the other side of the underbody surface 12 arranged and thereby also the transmission element 16 at a shallower angle on the lid flap 18 engaged. This may be necessary due to available space.

The transmission element 16 In this case, it can be designed as a cable pull, which, for example, is an electromechanical actuator 20 , For example, a transmission electric motor, wound up and unwound. In another embodiment, the transmission element 16 even a material-active actuator 20 be, for example, a thermally influenced in length wire, which instead of the illustrated actuator 20 merely having a fastening or, in a further embodiment of the invention, additionally with an electromechanical actuating member 20 is driven.

The lid flap 18 is preferably biased by a (not shown) tensile, compression or leg spring or the like in the direction of opening.

The control of the opening and closing of the lid flap 18 takes place, for example, by means of an electronic control (not shown) which detects, for example, the engine compartment temperature or the temperature of another unit and controls the supply of fresh air depending on it. Alternatively, it may be completely dispensed with such an electronic control in a further embodiment in which the in the ventilation opening 10 incoming outside air and the air circulating in the engine compartment directly onto the as a material-active actuator 20 executed cable 16 thermally acts. In the cold-running phase, the air in the engine compartment is cold, so the cable pull 16 contracts and the lid flap 18 closes. If the air flowing in to the cable is warmer, the expanding cable pull opens the cover flap 18 and lets in colder air and vice versa.

4 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a third embodiment of the present invention.

In a substantially same arrangement as previously described is a lid flap 18 with a material-active actuator 22 driven, which is made for example of a shape memory material with a predetermined switching temperature. The control of this material-active actuator 22 is both as previously described by a direct thermal effect of the air flow as well as by an electronic control executable. In the latter case, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the material-active actuator 22 heated by a heating element (not shown), for example, made of wire or of a thin film, or, alternatively, itself serving as the heating element by supplying electric current through the material-active actuator 22 is passed to heat up. In this case, the material-active actuator 22 to isolate against short circuit with adjacent parts.

5 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a fourth embodiment of the invention.

In contrast to the previously described embodiments, the cover flap 18 made here as a flexible surface of a flexible material. This flexible surface may itself be designed as a prestressed spring element or be biased by a spring (not shown), for example in the opening direction. As in 2 described actuates, for example, an actuator 20 via a transmission element 16 the lid flap 18 , This eliminates a hinge hinge for rotatably supporting the lid flap 18 and it is instead a bending hinge used, which is essentially exemplary over the entire length of the lid flap 18 extends.

6 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a fifth embodiment of the invention.

It is an embodiment of the present invention with a flexible lid flap 18 as in 5 described by a cable drive as in 3 described is driven. The cable 16 As shown, the surface of the lid flap can cross and pull from the outside in the direction of opening, so in this case the lid flap 18 can be biased towards closing. With regard to the control, all types of control described can also be used in this embodiment.

7 shows a schematic representation of a arranged under an engine compartment of a vehicle ventilation opening 10 with ventilation through the vent opening 10 incoming wind with inventive cover flap 18 in a sixth embodiment of the present Er making.

The lid flap 18 is here like in 5 and 6 previously described as a flexible surface designed without a hinged hinge on the underbody surface 12 is grown.

The operation of the cover flap 18 takes place by a material-active actuator 24 which is similar to the material-active actuator 22 in 4 directly on the inner surface of the lid flap 18 is attached and acts directly on this and is designed together with it flexible.

When active material comes, for example, shape memory material or a bimetallic material in question, that is a thermally acting, for example, two superimposed links composite element. The control can be on one of the already be executed described types, for example.

8th shows a schematic representation of a arranged on a vehicle lid flap according to the invention 18 in a seventh embodiment of the invention in a plan view.

Here is the cable 16n between a front retaining element 26A and a rear retaining element 266 spanned several times meandering at the designated (not shown) reversal points. As a result, the possible achievable by a cable force is the number n of the individual Seilzugstränge 16n elevated. The cable can therefore be made of a relatively thin wire.

9A . 9B and 9C show a schematic representation of a lid flap arranged on a vehicle according to the invention 18 in an eighth embodiment of the invention.

In this embodiment, the lid flap 18 waiving additional electromechanical actuators set up so that it is actuated by the airstream. For this purpose, the lid flap with the opening to the air flow direction, as in 1C shown, and preferably at its front edge portion with an additional inclined surface 19 equipped, thereby forming a dynamic pressure lip. This dynamic pressure lip 19 has such a predetermined shape and size that the airstream generates sufficient pressure force from a certain speed achieved to the lid flap 18 against the spring force of a spring element 17 , which is exemplified here as a train coil spring to open. The spring element 17 Clamps the cover flap with a predefined force and given spring characteristic 18 to the closed position. The dimension of the opening of the lid flap 18 is proportional to the speed of the vehicle and the spring force of the spring element 17 a, so at higher speed, an increasingly larger opening 10 the lid flap 18 a more intensive ventilation of the behind the opening 10 arranged interior, for example, the engine compartment allows. Since an engine delivers more power at higher speeds, this also causes more waste heat, so that the speed-dependent ventilation according to the invention also provides a very inexpensive and effective remedy for this purpose. The dynamic pressure lip 19 has relatively small dimensions and therefore causes one, only at low speed with the lid closed 18 , effective low air resistance.

The lateral regions of the cover flap are preferred 18 with side closing elements 21a . 21b . 21c . 21d closed, so that the incoming wind air is better bundled. They are designed in this embodiment as collapsible folding elements, but need not necessarily be appropriate. Furthermore, the closing elements may have a damping effect directed to the mechanical movement of the lid flap 18 To dampen vibration-free, so that the cover flap is not excited by the airstream to a fluttering natural vibration.

In 9A is the lid flap 18 by the biasing force of the spring element 17 closed. The speed of the vehicle is still too low, so that the pressure force generated by the wind is insufficient, the biasing force of the spring element 17 to overcome.

In 9B is the lid flap 18 already opened at an angle, wherein after opening the lid flap 18 abruptly, the inner surface of the lid flap 18 exposed to the air pressure of the airstream, leaving the lid flap 18 then opened quickly.

In 9C is a perspective view of the embodiment according to 9A and 9B shown.

The 10A and 10B show a schematic representation of a arranged on a vehicle, the lid flap according to the invention 18 in a ninth embodiment of the invention. Since there is only one development of the design 9A . 9B and 9C represents a repetitive description of the same operation is omitted below.

In contrast to the previous embodiment according to the invention, the lateral closing elements 21 in this embodiment as a curved fle xible surface elements executed in the closed position of the lid flap 18 , as in 10A shown, curving circular, and in the open position of the lid flap 18 as in 10B be aligned flat. The lateral locking elements can themselves serve as spring elements in a further embodiment according to the invention, so that an additional spring element 17 then can be dispensed with.

The previous embodiments of the present invention are by way of example only, and not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present invention can easily be applied to other applications become. The description of the embodiments is by way of illustration provided and not to the scope of the claims limit. Many alternatives, modifications and Variants are obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art without that he is the scope of the present invention would have to leave the, in the following claims is defined.

10

ventilation opening

12

Vehicle surface, Under floor space

13

Swivel hinge

14

wall the scoop

15

deflecting

16

Transmission element, cable pull

16n

meandering cable

17

spring element

18

flap

19

additional inclined surface, dynamic pressure lip

20

actuator

21 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d

lateral closing elements

22 24

material-active Actuator, sheet metal strip

26A

front holding member

26B

rear holding member

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - EP 1337757 B1 [0008]
• - EP 1169591 B1 [0009]
• - DE 3405609 A1 [0010]
• - EP 1161204 B1 [0011]
• EP 1219313 A1 [0012]
• - DE 1630287 [0014]

Claims (36)

Motor vehicle with at least partially enclosing outer surfaces with at least one ventilation opening provided therein for cooling and / or ventilating ( 10 ), which is arranged in a front engine compartment area frontally, laterally, above or below and / or below the body and / or in a rear region of the body and for loading and / or venting at least one of the drive, air conditioning or Braking devices belonging aggregates is provided by sucked or blown outside air or air sucked out by wind, characterized in that at least one ventilation opening ( 10 ) with at least one opening flap ( 18 ) and the ventilation opening ( 10 ) so closes that the outer surface of the lid flap ( 18 ) forms with the adjacent outer surfaces of the vehicle or its parts as aerodynamically favorable surface shape. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) is pivotally mounted on an edge of a surface belonging to the vehicle. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) is equipped with a drive. Motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive of the cover flap ( 18 ) by means of at least one electromechanical actuator ( 20 ) Is designed as an electric motor, pull, lifting or pushing magnet, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator unit with or without a gear member. Motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the drive of the cover flap ( 18 ) with at least one material-active actuator ( 22 . 24 ), which has as its essential actuator an electrically, thermally or magnetically active material such as a piezoelectric element, a bimetallic element, expansion thermocouple, shape memory element or the like. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the actuating member ( 20 . 22 . 24 ) is controlled by an electronic control, which evaluates a physical quantity based on a sensor element signal and generates a control signal for operating the actuator. Motor vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) is a thermally-acting element such as a bimetallic element, expansion thermocouple, shape-memory element or the like. Motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) is thermophysically actuated directly by the heat generated by the vehicle aggregates and / or by the air temperature of the airstream air flow. Motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) is electrically heated by means of an additional heating element. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as an additional, electrical energized heating element, a wire element is used. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as an additional, electrical energized heating element a thin or thin-layered Heating foil is used. Motor vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that the active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) is energized directly to generate a heating power. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) has at least two substantially juxtaposed material-active elements, which are each electrically energized separately for generating a heating power. Motor vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that that the material-active elements as shape memory elements each executed with different preset switching temperature are. Motor vehicle according to Claim 2, characterized in that the lid flap pivotally mounted on an edge of a surface belonging to the vehicle ( 18 ) in a hinge hinge ( 13 ) or a bending hinge in the longitudinal or transverse direction or an intermediate direction with respect to the straight-ahead direction of travel of the vehicle is stored. Motor vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the material-active actuator ( 22 . 24 ) additionally as a sensor element ver is used and provides to a controller a measurement signal derived from a physical quantity. Motor vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the material-active, made of a shape memory material actuator as a wire ( 16 ), several wires, meandering wire ( 16n ), a plate and / or a belt is executed. Motor vehicle according to claim 17, characterized in that the actuator made of the shape memory material of the cover flap ( 18 ) has a predetermined effective temperature setting. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) is actively closing or actively opening. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the with the cover flap ( 18 ) closed ventilation opening ( 10 ) is arranged in the direction of wind or in the direction away from the wind. Motor vehicle according to Claim 20, characterized that the pressure force of the airstream as a lid flap closing or an opening operating force is used is. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) is biased against the acting force with at least one resilient element. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface of the cover flap ( 18 ) is designed as a rigid flap surface or as a flexible flap surface. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) with at least one in at least one stage, which leads to an opening stage of the cover flap ( 18 ), locking element is equipped, which is unlockable. Motor vehicle according to Claim 24, characterized that the latching element as a micro-toothed hinge with defined predetermined overcoming force as a mechanical Ratchet with automatic locking is executed. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) is provided with a displaceable mass, which in one in the cover flap ( 18 ) is arranged cavity provided. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) biasing spring is made of a material-active element such as a shape memory element and the spring constant of the biasing spring is variable by changing the parameters of the material-active element. Motor vehicle according to claim 27, characterized in that, the lid flap ( 18 ) biasing spring is arranged in a series and / or parallel connection of passive springs. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending hinge of the cover flap ( 18 ) as a sheet metal strip ( 24 ) is used with a material-active element. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as an actuating element at least one in the hinge hinge ( 13 ), highly dynamically excited by a vibration signal piezoelectric element is used. Motor vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between an actuator ( 20 . 22 . 24 ) and the lid flap ( 18 ) or the vehicle surface ( 12 ) a transmission element ( 16 ) is arranged. Motor vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the cover flap ( 18 ) of a spring element ( 17 ) is biased towards the closed position, its opening direction is aligned in the direction of travel and at the front portion of the lid flap ( 18 ) an additional inclined surface ( 19 ) is formed, which receives the back pressure of the wind. Motor vehicle according to claim 32, characterized in that the spring element ( 17 ) is designed as a spiral, thigh or bending spring. Motor vehicle according to claim 32, characterized in that the spring element ( 17 ) through the surface of the lid flap ( 18 ) is formed, which is formed for this purpose of a resilient material. Motor vehicle according to claim 34, characterized in that by the surface of the cover flap ( 18 ) formed spring element ( 17 ) is provided with a "crackpot effect" and has a stable and a metastable state. Motor vehicle according to claim 35, characterized in that on the surface of the cover flap ( 18 ) is arranged an at least one surface portion covering elastic member which is connected to the surface of the lid flap ( 18 ) is firmly connected.