DE102008017371A1 - Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation - Google Patents
Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102008017371A1 DE102008017371A1 DE102008017371A DE102008017371A DE102008017371A1 DE 102008017371 A1 DE102008017371 A1 DE 102008017371A1 DE 102008017371 A DE102008017371 A DE 102008017371A DE 102008017371 A DE102008017371 A DE 102008017371A DE 102008017371 A1 DE102008017371 A1 DE 102008017371A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- heat
- gaseous medium
- compressed air
- compressed
- Prior art date
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Links
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
- F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Wärmekraftmaschine für gasförmige Medien, ihren Kreisprozess und ihre Regelung.The The invention relates to a heat engine for gaseous media, their cycle and their regulation.
Wärmekraftmaschinen für gasförmige Medien sind als Gasturbinen und Motoren bekannt.Heat engines for gaseous media are known as gas turbines and engines.
Motoren sind Kolbenmaschinen, bei welchen thermodynamische Kreisprozesse innerhalb eines Arbeitsraumes ablaufen. Bei Motoren gibt es zwei bekannte Kreisprozesse in Form des Otto- oder Dieselprozesses.Engines are piston machines in which thermodynamic cycles expire within a workspace. There are two engines known cycles in the form of the gasoline or diesel process.
Zusätzlich gibt es Prozesse (MILLER-Cycle), die einen höheren Idealwirkungsgrad haben als die beiden vorgenannten Prozesse, da die Entspannung der Heißgase weiter ist als bei den beiden vorgenannten Prozessen.In addition there there are processes (MILLER-Cycle) that have a higher ideal efficiency as the two aforementioned processes, as the relaxation of the hot gases continue is as with the two aforementioned processes.
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil einer derartigen Anordnung einer einen Kreisprozess realisierenden Kolbenmaschine ist, daß der Prozess nur schwer an wechselnde Leistungsanforderungen anpassbar ist und daher bei unterschiedlichen Belastungen einen Abfall des thermodynamischen Wirkungsgrades zu verzeichnen ist. Insbesondere würde die Realisierung des Miller-Cycle zu einer Verringerung des maximalen Leistungsvermögens des Motors führen.One major disadvantage of such an arrangement of a circular process realizing piston machine is that the process is difficult changing performance requirements is customizable and therefore at different Loads decrease the thermodynamic efficiency is recorded. In particular, would the realization of the Miller cycle to a reduction of the maximum performance of lead the engine.
Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen.Here The invention aims to remedy this.
Die Erfindung, wie sie gekennzeichnet ist kann besser als bisherige Motoren geregelt werden und dadurch ein hoher Wirkungsgrad bei unterschiedlichen Motorbelastungen realisiert werden.The Invention as it is characterized may be better than previous ones Motors are governed and thus a high efficiency at different Motor loads are realized.
Dies wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Verdichtung und die Expansion in zwei separat regelbaren Maschinen erfolgt.This is achieved by the Compression and expansion in two separately controllable machines he follows.
Die
Erfindung mit ihren Ausführungen
wird anhand der
Beim Abwärtshub wird das unter Druck stehende Verbrennungsgas expandiert und sein Energieinhalt genutzt, beim Aufwärtshub werden die Verbrennungsgase ausgeschoben. Der Unterschied zu bisher bekannten Konzepten liegt in den Regelungen kurz vor und in OT.At the downstroke The pressurized combustion gas is expanded and its Energy content used, on the upstroke the combustion gases are expelled. The difference to date known concepts lies in the regulations shortly before and in OT.
Die
Druckluftkammer (
Weiterhin
ist eine Kraftstoffeinspritzung und eine Zündeinrichtung (
Das
Grundprinzip der Takte des neuen Motors wird anhand der
- Ganz oben: Der Kolben eines Boxermotors wird von links nach rechts bewegt und expandiert im linken Zylinder die heißen Verbrennungsgase und schiebt im rechten die Verbrennungsgase aus.
- Zweite Zeile: Etwa 40–60° vor OT wird das Auslassventil geschlossen und Druckluft eingeblasen.
- Dritte Zeile: Kurz vor OT wird Kraftstoff eingespritzt und gezündet. Die unterste Zeile entspricht der obersten in umgekehrter Richtung.
- At the top: The piston of a boxer engine is moved from left to right and expands in the left cylinder, the hot combustion gases and pushes out the combustion gases in the right.
- Second line: About 40-60 ° before TDC, the outlet valve is closed and compressed air blown.
- Third line: Shortly before OT fuel is injected and detonated. The bottom line corresponds to the top one in the opposite direction.
Die erneuerbaren Energien Solar- und Windenergie kranken daran, daß sie nicht permanent angeboten werden, sondern nur während ca. 1/3 des Jahres genutzt werden können. Die Energieversorger müssen aber für die 2/3 des Jahres, in denen diese Energie in unseren Breiten nicht zur Verfügung steht, konservative, kurzfristig zur Verfügung stehende Energieerzeuger vorhalten, um die Energieversorgung zu garantieren.The renewable energies solar and wind energy sick because they are not offered permanently, but only during about 1/3 of the year can be used. The utilities need but for the 2/3 of the year, when this energy is not available in our latitudes, conservative, short-term available energy producers to guarantee the energy supply.
Vergleichsweise schnell zu- und wieder wegschaltbare Energieerzeuger sind Verbrennungsmotoren und Gasturbinen.comparatively Power converters that can be rapidly switched on and off are internal combustion engines and Gas turbines.
Um aber die großen Energiemengen bereitstellen zu können, die mittlerweile durch die Zunahme der EE notwendig werden, werden Gasturbinen eingesetzt.Around but the big ones To provide energy quantities, which are now necessary due to the increase in RES Gas turbines used.
Gasturbinen haben entweder einen hohen theoretischen Wirkungsgrad (bei kleinem π und Nutzung der Abgaswärme) aber ein geringes Leistungsvermögen oder sie haben einen deutlich geringeren Wirkungsgrad als Dieselmotoren aber ein hohes Leistungsvermögen.gas turbines have either a high theoretical efficiency (at low π and use of the Exhaust heat) but a low performance or they have a much lower efficiency than diesel engines but a high performance.
Die frei zur Verfügung stehenden erneuerbaren Energien EE können in Form von Druckluft gespeichert werden.The freely available standing renewable energy EE can be in the form of compressed air get saved.
In
In
Die Vorteile liegen zunächst in der Einsparung der Hälfte der Zylinder durch Zweitakt und einem Wegfall eines Teils der heute an Motoren notwendigen Bauteile. Tatsächlich bietet das Prinzip auch weitere Vorteile. Damit wird das Konzept auch für Fahrzeugantriebe interessant.The Advantages are initially in the saving of half the cylinder by two-stroke and a loss of part of today necessary components on engines. In fact, the principle also offers Other advantages. This makes the concept interesting for vehicle drives as well.
In
Bei
Versorgung des Motors mit gespeicherter Druckluft wird diese im
Wärmetauscher
2 (
Bei
Selbsterzeugung der Druckluft wird die Ansaugluft mit 1 bar und
20°C vom
Verdichter 1 (
Bei
laufendem Motor wird die verdichtete Luft durch einen Abgaswärmetauscher
(
Im
Teillastbereich, wenn weniger Druckluft in den Motor eingeblasen
werden muss und der Druckraum gefüllt ist werden die Kompressoren
ausgekuppelt oder sie laufen permanent mit, ihre innere Verdichtung
wird aber auf Null gestellt und Sperrventile, die die Förderseite
mit der Saugseite (
Um
Bremsenergie nutzen zu können,
wird bei Bremsvorgängen
ein Kompressor (
Den idealen Wirkungsgrad dieses Prozesses berechnet man wie folgt.The ideal efficiency of this process is calculated as follows.
Zunächst wird vom Verdichter 1 die ideale Verdichtungsarbeit W1(in) = cv·(435.6 – 293)·m = 142.6·cv·m· kJ/kg geleistet und im Kühler die Luft von 435.6°K auf 383°K heruntergekühlt und vom 2. Verdichter die Verdichtungsarbeit W2(in) = cv·(538 – 383)·m = 155·cv·m· kJ/kg in das System gestecktFirst, the ideal compression work is W 1 c (in) = v · (435.6 - 293) by the compressor 1 is cooled down · m = 142.6 · c v · m · kJ / kg done and in the cooler, the air from 435.6 ° K to 383 ° K and from the 2nd compressor, the compression work W 2 (in) = c v (538 - 383) · m = 155 · c v · m · kJ / kg is inserted into the system
Nun heizen wir die auf 12 bar verdichtete Luft mit dem Abgas isochor auf 700°K auf und erhöhen damit den Gasdruck auf pGas = 700/538·12 = 15,6 bar. Innerhalb des Motors wird die Luft weiter auf 25 bar verdichtet. Diese Arbeit ist W3(in) = cv·(801 – 700)·m = 101·cv·m· kJ/kgNow we heat the compressed to 12 bar air with the flue gas isochor to 700 ° K, thereby increasing the gas pressure to p gas = 700/538 · 12 = 15.6 bar. Inside the engine, the air is further compressed to 25 bar. This work is W 3 (in) = c · v (801-700) · m = 101 · v c · m · kJ / kg
Insgesamt erhalten wir die Verdichtungsarbeit Wverd = (142.6 + 155 + 101)·cv·m = 398·cv·m kJ/kg.All in all we get the compaction work W verd = (142.6 + 155 + 101) · c v · m = 398 · c v · m kJ / kg.
Unterstellen wir, daß der Motor mit einem ε = 15 ausgelegt ist (der Prozess damit den MILLER-Cycle realisiert) und wir bei isochorer Verbrennung eine Spitzentemperatur von 2000°C (= 2273°K) erreichen. Dann ist der Spitzendruck (bei isochorer Verbrennung) pmax = 25·2273/801 = 71 bar.Assuming that the engine is designed with ε = 15 (the process thus realizes the MILLER cycle) and we reach a peak temperature of 2000 ° C (= 2273 ° K) in isochoric combustion. Then the peak pressure (at isochoric combustion) p max = 25 · 2273/801 = 71 bar.
Am Ende der adiabatischen Entspannung hat man den Druck pAuslass = 71/151.4 = 1.6 bar und die Auslasstemperatur TAuslass = 2273/150.4 = 769°KAt the end of the adiabatic expansion, the pressure p outlet = 71/15 1.4 = 1.6 bar and the outlet temperature T outlet = 2273/15 0.4 = 769 ° K
Die Expansionsarbeit wird damit zu WMotor = (2273 – 769)·cv·m = 1504·cv·m kJ/kg und die mit dem Brennstoff erzeugte Wärmezufuhr Qin = (2273 – 801)·cv·m = 1472·cv·m kJ/kg.The expansion work thus becomes W Motor = (2273 - 769) · c v · m = 1504 · c v · m kJ / kg, and the heat input Q in = (2273 - 801) · c v · m = 1472 generated with the fuel · C v · m kJ / kg.
Der ideale Wirkungsgrad dieses Betriebes wird damit The ideal efficiency of this operation is thus
Betreibt
man den Motor ausschließlich
mit aus Solar- oder Windenergie gewonnener Druckluft, dann ergibt
sich:
Unterstellen wir, daß die
mit erneuerbaren Energien EE gewonnene Druckluft in einem Prozess
ohne Zwischenkühlung
erzeugt wurde, der eine Druckluft von 15 bar lieferte. Dann erhielt
man die Lufttemperatur am Ende von T2 =
293·150 . 286 =
635.7°K.
Wenn die so erzeugte Drucklufttemperatur isochor auf Umgebungtemperatur
293°K absinkt,
sinkt der Luftdruck auf p293 = 15·293/635
= 6.9 bar.If the engine is operated exclusively with compressed air obtained from solar or wind energy, then:
Imagine that the renewable energy produced by renewable energy EE was generated in a process without intermediate cooling, which supplied a compressed air of 15 bar. Then, the air temperature at the end of T 2 = 293 x 15 0 was obtained . 286 = 635.7 ° K. If the compressed air temperature thus generated drops isochorally to ambient temperature 293 ° K, the air pressure drops to p 293 = 15 · 293/635 = 6.9 bar.
Heizen wir die kalte Druckluft vor Verbrauch im Motor mit den Abgasen des Motors in einem Wärmetauscher des Wirkungsgrades 80% isochor auf, so erhalten wir die Endtemperatur der Druckluft von TnWT = 293 + (769–293)·0.8 = 673.8°K mit dem Druck pnWT = 15.85 bar.If we heat up the cold compressed air before consumption in the engine with the exhaust gases of the engine in a heat exchanger of efficiency 80% isochor, we obtain the final temperature of the compressed air of T nWT = 293 + (769-293) · 0.8 = 673.8 ° K with the Pressure p nWT = 15.85 bar.
Im Motor wird die Luft auf 25 bar verdichtet und erreicht dadurch die Temperatur T'2 = (25/15.8)0.286·673 = 767.4°K. Die Verdichtungsarbeit wird damit Wverd = (767.4 – 673.8)·cv·m = 93.6·cv·m kJ/kg.In the engine, the air is compressed to 25 bar and thereby reaches the temperature T ' 2 = (25 / 15.8) 0.286 · 673 = 767.4 ° K. The compaction work is thus W verd = (767.4 - 673.8) · c v · m = 93.6 · c v · m kJ / kg.
Wie oben ist die Motorarbeit WMotor = (2273 – 769)·cv·m = 1504·cv·m kJ/kg und die Wärmezufuhr Qin = (2273 – 767.4)·cv·m = 1505.6·cv·m kJ/kgAs above, the engine work W Motor = (2273 - 769) · c v · m = 1504 · c v · m kJ / kg and the heat input Q in = (2273 - 767.4) · c v · m = 1505.6 · c v · mkJ / kg
Der Wirkungsgrad bei diesem Betrieb wird damit: The efficiency of this operation is thus:
Damit
liegt das neue Motorkonzept im Idealprozess deutlich über dem
Otto- und Dieselprozess.
Vom
Druckluftraum (
Ein
verschiebbarer Stellkörper
(
In
den Dosierraum kann nun der Kraftstoff eingespritzt von der Einspritzeinrichtung
(
In
In
Zunächst wird
bleibt beim Expansionshub das 2. Sperrventil (
Dann
wird das erste Sperrventil (
Gegen
Ende des Ausschubhubes wird das 2. Sperrventil (
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008017371A DE102008017371A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-04-06 | Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation |
| DE102008033700A DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-07-20 | Control device and its control strategy for a heat engine for gaseous media in vehicle applications |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008017371A DE102008017371A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-04-06 | Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102008017371A1 true DE102008017371A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
Family
ID=41051474
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008017371A Withdrawn DE102008017371A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-04-06 | Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation |
| DE102008033700A Ceased DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-07-20 | Control device and its control strategy for a heat engine for gaseous media in vehicle applications |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008033700A Ceased DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2008-07-20 | Control device and its control strategy for a heat engine for gaseous media in vehicle applications |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (2) | DE102008017371A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2010-01-21 | Ingelheim Consulting Gmbh | Control device and its control strategy for a heat engine for gaseous media in vehicle applications |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4281256A (en) * | 1979-05-15 | 1981-07-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Compressed air energy storage system |
| EP0645272A1 (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-03-29 | Gianluigi Reis | Recovery system for dissipated energy of an engine motor vehicle during its runnig conditions |
| DE10016932A1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-08 | Edgar Loehr | Heat power process for drive of vehicles, leading work gas in thermo-dynamic circulation process by means of condensation and expansion, and exchange of heat quantities |
| US20070113803A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-05-24 | Walt Froloff | Air-hybrid and utility engine |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008017371A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2009-10-08 | Ingelheim Consulting Gmbh | Heat engine for use as e.g. gas turbine, for gaseous medium, has heat exchanger for supplying heat to compressed gaseous medium, where throughput mass of gaseous medium is large during stationary operation |
-
2008
- 2008-04-06 DE DE102008017371A patent/DE102008017371A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-20 DE DE102008033700A patent/DE102008033700A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4281256A (en) * | 1979-05-15 | 1981-07-28 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Compressed air energy storage system |
| EP0645272A1 (en) * | 1993-09-27 | 1995-03-29 | Gianluigi Reis | Recovery system for dissipated energy of an engine motor vehicle during its runnig conditions |
| DE10016932A1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-08 | Edgar Loehr | Heat power process for drive of vehicles, leading work gas in thermo-dynamic circulation process by means of condensation and expansion, and exchange of heat quantities |
| US20070113803A1 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2007-05-24 | Walt Froloff | Air-hybrid and utility engine |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2010-01-21 | Ingelheim Consulting Gmbh | Control device and its control strategy for a heat engine for gaseous media in vehicle applications |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102008033700A1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
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