DE102008015819B3 - Regulator for regulating alternating voltage, has secondary winding comprising non-switchable section and multiple switchable sections, where number of windings of non-switchable section and switchable sections is equal - Google Patents

Abstract

The regulator has a transformer provided with a primary winding (1) and a secondary winding (2). The secondary winding comprises a non-switchable section (W21) and multiple switchable sections (W22-W2N), where a number of windings of the non-switchable section and the switchable sections is equal. A phase compensator (14), a comparator (15) and a differential network (16) are connected in series. An outlet of the differential network is connected with an anode of a diode (17). A cathode of the diode is connected with an input of a scanning-holding element (8).

Description

The Invention relates to the art of generation, transformation or Distribution of electrical energy, and in particular affects the AC voltage regulation by tap change or by change of winding connections.

The closest prior art is from the [1] DE 12 84 986 A is known, and describes the features 1, 2, 8, 9, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 29.

regulator [1] are characterized by the conservation of the shape of the alternating voltage.

One The main disadvantage of the controller [1] is the insufficient stability of the output voltage. The contact corruption is also the disadvantage of the known regulator.

purpose The invention is the disadvantages mentioned to eliminate.

The Problem is gone through the features of the claim.

• 1. einem Transformator (mit Primärwicklung (1) und Sekundärwicklung (2)),
• 2. einem Präzisionsgleichrichter (3),
• 3. einem ersten Maßstabverstärker (4),
• 4. einem Dividierer (5),
• 5. einem Potentiometer (6),
• 6. einem zweiten Maßstabverstärker (7),
• 7. einem Abtast-Halte-Glied (8),
• 8. einem Analog-Digital-Umsetzer (9),
• 9. Relais (10) K₂, K₃, ..., K_N,
• 10. einem Stromtransformator (11),
• 11. einem Gleichrichter (12),
• 12. einem spannungsgesteuerten elektronischen Schalter (13),
• 13. einem Phasenkompensator (14),
• 14. einem Komparator (15),
• 15. einem Differenziernetzwerk (16) und
• 16. einer Diode (17), wobei
• 17. die Primärwicklung (1) des Transformators mit dem Eingang des Reglers der Wechselspannung verbunden ist,
• 18. die Sekundärwicklung (2) des Transformators mit dem Ausgang des Reglers der Wechselspannung verbunden ist,
• 19. die Sekundärwicklung (2) des Transformators aus einem nichtschaltbaren Sektion W₂₁ und mehreren durch die Relais seriell schaltbaren Sektionen W₂₂, W₂₃, ..., W_2N besteht,
• 20. die Sektion W₂₁, der Präzisionsgleichrichter (3), der erste Maßstabverstärker (4), der Dividierer (5), das Potentiometer (6), der zweite Maßstabverstärker (7), das Abtast-Halte-Glied (8) und der Analog-Digital-Umsetzer (9) serienweise verbunden sind,
• 21. die Ausgänge des Analog-Digital-Umsetzers (9) mit den Relaisspule (10) K₂, K₃, ..., K_N verbunden sind,
• 22. die Sekundärwicklung des Stromtransformators (11) mit dem Eingang des Gleichrichters (12) und mit dem Kontakt a spannungsgesteuerten elektronischen Schalters (13) verbunden ist,
• 23. Kontakt b spannungsgesteuerten elektronischen Schalters (13) mit dem Eingang des Präzisionsgleichrichters (3) verbunden ist,
• 24. Kontakt c spannungsgesteuerten elektronischen Schalters (13) mit dem Eingang des Phasenkompensators (14) verbunden ist,
• 25. Ausgang des Gleichrichters (12) mit dem gesteuerten Eingang spannungsgesteuerten elektronischen Schalters (13) verbunden ist,
• 26. der Phasenkompensator (14), der Komparator (15) und das Differenziernetzwerk (16) serienweise verbunden sind,
• 27. der Ausgang des Differenziernetzwerks (16) mit Anode der Diode (17) verbunden ist,
• 28. die Katode der Diode (17) mit dem gesteuerten Eingang des Abtast-Halte-Gliedes (8) verbunden ist,
• 29. die Windungszahlen der Sektionen der Sekundärwicklung (2) des Transformators gleich W22 = 21W21, W23 = 22W21, ..., W2N = 2N-1W21 (1)sind.

On the 1 the block diagram of the proposed device is shown. Controller of AC voltage consists of

• 1. a transformer (with primary winding ( 1 ) and secondary winding ( 2 )),
• 2. a precision rectifier ( 3 )
• 3. a first scale amplifier ( 4 )
• 4. a divider ( 5 )
• 5. a potentiometer ( 6 )
• 6. a second scale amplifier ( 7 )
• 7. a sample-and-hold member ( 8th )
• 8. an analog-to-digital converter ( 9 )
• 9. Relays ( 10 ) K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _N ,
• 10. a current transformer ( 11 )
• 11. a rectifier ( 12 )
• 12. a voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 )
• 13. a phase compensator ( 14 )
• 14. a comparator ( 15 )
• 15. a differentiation network ( 16 ) and
• 16. a diode ( 17 ), in which
• 17. the primary winding ( 1 ) of the transformer is connected to the input of the regulator of the AC voltage,
• 18. the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer is connected to the output of the regulator of the AC voltage,
• 19. the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer consists of a non-switchable section W ₂₁ and a plurality of sections which can be connected in series by the relays W ₂₂ , W ₂₃ , ..., W _2N ,
• 20. Section W ₂₁ , the precision rectifier ( 3 ), the first scale amplifier ( 4 ), the divider ( 5 ), the potentiometer ( 6 ), the second scale amplifier ( 7 ), the sample-and-hold member ( 8th ) and the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) are connected in series,
• 21. the outputs of the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) with the relay coil ( 10 ) K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _{N are} connected,
• 22. the secondary winding of the current transformer ( 11 ) with the input of the rectifier ( 12 ) and the contact a voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) connected is,
• 23. contact b voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) with the input of the precision rectifier ( 3 ) connected is,
• 24. contact c voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) with the input of the phase compensator ( 14 ) connected is,
• 25. Output of the rectifier ( 12 ) with the controlled input voltage controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) connected is,
• 26. the phase compensator ( 14 ), the comparator ( 15 ) and the differentiation network ( 16 ) are connected in series,
• 27. the output of the differentiating network ( 16 ) with anode of the diode ( 17 ) connected is,
• 28. the cathode of the diode ( 17 ) with the controlled input of the sample-and-hold member ( 8th ) connected is,
• 29. the number of turns of the sections of the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer equal W 22 = 2 1 W 21 , W 23 = 2 2 W 21 , ..., W 2N = 2 N-1 W 21 (1) are.

The device ( 1 ) works as follows. We will denote the winding voltage of the secondary winding u _e and its amplitude U _e . The input and output signals of the precision rectifier ( 3 ) are proportionally proportional to W ₂₁ u _e and W ₂₁ U _e . The output signal of the scale amplifier ( 4 ) k ₁ W ₂₁ U _{e is the} same, and the output signal of the divider ( 5 ) k ₂ U _N / U _{e is the} same. Here k ₁ and k _{2 are} the constants and U _N is the normal stress. The potentiometer ( 6 ) with the linear scale is the slider. Its output is equal to αk ₂ U _N / U _e . Here, α (0 ≦ α ≦ 1) is the quantity proportional to the angle of rotation. The second scale amplifier ( 7 ) adjusts the output voltage of the potentiometer ( 6 ) with the input voltages of the sample-and-hold element ( 8th ) and the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ). The input signal of the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) can finally be recorded as k ₃ α / U _e (k ₃ = const). It is proportional to the angle of rotation α of the controller and inversely proportional to the Einwindungsspannung the secondary winding U _e .

We will turn off the code combination the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) complete the one in the most recent digit. Then we get the binary number B _N with digit b _N ... b ₃ b ₂ 1. Secondary number of turns of the transformer W 2 = b N W 2N + ... + b 3 W 23 + b 2 W 22 + W 21 (2) equal. Here, b _N , ..., b ₃ , b ₂ 0 or 1 are the same. From Equations (1) and (2) follows: W 2 = W 21 (b N 2 N-1 + ... + b 3 2 2 + b 2 2 1 + 2 0 ) = B N W 21 , (3) Output voltage of the transformer is U 2 = W 2 U e = B N W 21 U e ≅ k (α / U e ) U e = kα (k = const) (4) equal. The more N, the less the quantization step and the more accurate the approximate equation (4) (the quantization step is U _2max / 2 ^N equals).

• 1) Die befriedigende Stabilisierung entspricht den Bedeutungen des Parameters α α_min ≤ α ≤ 1. Je mehr N ist, desto weniger ist α_min.
• 2) Bei richtig gewählten Massstabkoeffizienten (die Maßstabverstärker (4) und (7)) im Falle U₁ = U_1min, α = 1, I₂ = I_2max soll die Sekundärwindungszahl des Transformators maximal sein. Bei der Vergrößerung U₁ und (oder) die Verkleinerung I₂ und (oder) die Verkleinerung α soll die Sekundärwindungszahl des Transformators sich verringern.

It remains to make two practical remarks.

• 1) The satisfactory stabilization corresponds to the meanings of the parameter α α _min ≦ α ≦ 1. The more N, the less α _min .
• 2) At properly selected scale coefficients (the scale amplifiers ( 4 ) and ( 7 )) in the case U ₁ = U _1min , α = 1, I ₂ = I _2max , the secondary winding number of the transformer should be maximum. At increase in U ₁ and (or) reduction I ₂ and (or) reduction α the secondary turn number of the transformer should decrease.

For the elimination of the contact corruption, the switching in the proposed device is realized in the moments of time when load current is equal to zero. Signal of the secondary winding of the current transformer ( 11 ) reaches the input of the rectifier ( 12 ). Under the effect of the output signal of the rectifier ( 12 ) the voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ).

AC voltage of the secondary winding of the current transformer ( 11 ) passes through the closed contacts a and c of the switch ( 13 ) to the input of the phase compensator ( 14 ). The phase compensator ( 14 ) realizes the phase advance φ = ωτ. Here, ω denotes AC frequency and τ time of overfeed. The comparator ( 15 ) converts output signal of the phase compensator ( 14 ) into the bipolar rectangular pulses. in the moments of time corresponding to the fronts of these pulses appear on the output of the differentiating network ( 16 ) the short bipolar pulses. Once during the period the short pulse passes through diode ( 17 ) to the controlled input of the sample-and-hold member ( 8th ). Only in these moments of time, the changes of the output signal of the sample-and-hold member ( 8th ) happen (in the rest of the time does not change the output signal). It is in these moments of time that the changes in the signals on the relay coil ( 10 ) K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _N happen. We will select the time of override τ equal to the response time of the relay. Then the switching of the sections W ₂₂ , W ₂₃ , ..., W _{2N of} the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer only in the moments of equality of zero of the load current happen.

In idle mode, the zero is the input and output signal of the rectifier ( 12 ) equal. AC voltage of the section W _{21 of} the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer passes through the closed contacts b and c of the switch ( 13 ) to the input of the phase compensator ( 14 ). In this case, the switching of the sections W ₂₂ , W ₂₃ , ..., W _{2N of} the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer only in moments of equality of zero of the load voltage happen.

We will summarize the results. In the proposed device, the optimal (The static error is no more than a quantization step. In digital technology, this result is the very best) feedback provided. In the known device [1] the feedback is provided, but it is optimally not. First, the feedback signal (U ₂ ) depends not only on U _e but also on W ₂ (U ₂ = W ₂ U _e ). Secondly, in the description of the device [1], the information about the algorithm of regulation of the number of secondary turns is missing. In the absence of the reservation is always meant the linear feedback. Nonlinear feedback is provided in the proposed device. Therefore, the device [1] ensures the insufficient stability of the output voltage. So, we have proved that the purpose of the invention is achieved.

1

primary of the transformer

2

secondary winding of the transformer

3

Precision rectifier

4

first scale amplifier

5

divider

6

potentiometer

7

second scale amplifier

8th

Sample-and-hold element

9

Analog-to-digital converter

10

Relay K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _N

11

current transformer

12

rectifier

13

Voltage controlled electronic switch

14

phase compensator

15

comparator

16

Differentiating network

17

diode

Claims (1)

AC voltage regulator consisting of 1. a transformer (with primary winding ( 1 ) and secondary winding ( 2 )), 2. a precision rectifier ( 3 ), 3. a first scale amplifier ( 4 ) 4. a divider ( 5 ), 5. a potentiometer ( 6 ), 6. a second scale amplifier ( 7 7) a sample-and-hold element ( 8th ) 8. an analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ), 9. relay ( 10 ) K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _N , 10. a current transformer ( 11 ), 11. a rectifier ( 12 ) 12. a voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ), 13. a phase compensator ( 14 14. a comparator ( 15 ), A differentiation network ( 16 ) and 16. a diode ( 17 ), 17. being the primary winding ( 1 ) of the transformer is connected to the input of the regulator of the AC voltage, 18. the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer is connected to the output of the regulator of the AC voltage, 19. the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer consists of a non-switchable section W ₂₁ and a plurality of sections serially switchable by the relays W ₂₂ , W ₂₃ , ..., W _2N , 20. the section W ₂₁ , the precision rectifier ( 3 ), the first scale amplifier ( 4 ), the divider ( 5 ), the potentiometer ( 6 ), the second scale amplifier ( 7 ), the sample-and-hold member ( 8th ) and the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) are connected in series, 21. the outputs of the analog-to-digital converter ( 9 ) with the relay coil ( 10 ) K ₂ , K ₃ , ..., K _{N are} connected, 22. the secondary winding of the current transformer ( 11 ) with the input of the rectifier ( 12 ) and the contact a voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 23. contact b voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) with the input of the precision rectifier ( 3 24. contact c voltage-controlled electronic switch ( 13 ) with the input of the phase compensator ( 14 ), 25th output of the rectifier ( 12 ) with the controlled input voltage controlled electronic switch ( 13 26. the phase compensator ( 14 ), the comparator ( 15 ) and the differentiation network ( 16 ) are connected in series, 27. the output of the differentiating network ( 16 ) with anode of the diode ( 17 28. the cathode of the diode ( 17 ) with the controlled input of the sample-and-hold member ( 8th 29.) the numbers of turns of the sections of the secondary winding ( 2 ) of the transformer is equal to W ₂₂ = 2 ¹ W ₂₁ , W ₂₃ = 2 ² W ₂₁ , ..., W _2N = 2 ^N-1 W ₂₁ .