DE102008000196A1 - Sheet structure, especially covering strip for use in paper-making machine, contains biodegradable bulking bodies to maintain constant dewatering power during operation - Google Patents

Abstract

A sheet structure (1) contains bulking bodies (7) at least partially consisting of biodegradable material, specifically biodegradable polymer.

Description

The The invention relates to a fabric, in particular a Band in the form of a covering of a machine for the production of Fibrous webs, in particular in the form of paper, cardboard or Tissue webs.

coverings for machines for producing fibrous webs, in particular in the form of paper, board or tissue webs, in particular for The use in the wet part of such machines are in a variety Previously known from embodiments of the prior art. These are circumferential endless bands that extend substantially over the entire machine width and the training and guidance of the fibrous web through the Serve machine. Depending on the arrangement in the wet part, these can be structured differently. There is a fundamental Requirement therein, the fibrous web as optimal as possible to drain and to avoid rewetting the energy expenditure for the subsequent to the wet part Keep drying to a minimum. The drainage in the adjoining the former press section done by applying pressure through the appropriate band through, that is, from the fibrous web supporting side or surface, which in terms of their arrangement Also referred to as top or outside, to the opposite bottom or inside such a band. In press sections are such bands in the form of press felts. These usually include at least a base and a cover layer, which as tissue, scrim, knitted fabric or thread group can be executed and the one another mechanically and / or thermally connected. Preferably the base layer of two nonwoven layers included. This Sandwich construction provides that within the structures also fluids, In particular, water can be stored by a specific predefined free volume, which is also referred to as void volume provided becomes. With increasing operating time and aging it comes to fatigue this structure, wherein the void volume decreases. The free volume of such a fabric is further by settling in these settling fillers, cellulose fibers, Abrasion, chemical and mechanical damage continues reduced. The deposits can by means of a elaborate cleaning process are removed again.

To provide additional void volume over the service life, fabrics with leachable fibers are therefore proposed. From the publication EP 0 303 798 A2 an embodiment of a fabric, in particular in the form of a Papiermaschinenfilzbandes, a dryer fabric or filter medium previously known, which consists of a carrier material with attached fibers, all fibers are resistant in a substantially neutral aqueous medium and at least a portion of the fibers at least partially from a Substance which is soluble in a basic or acidic, nucleo- or electrophilic, reductive or oxidative medium, but to which the support material is resistant. Therefore, under normal operating conditions, especially in press sections, the fabric is resistant, but by using an appropriate solvent, these fibers can be released to create voids, thereby increasing the open volume within the felt. This is done in addition to the at least partial leaching of the fibers also by the washing away of the sitting on these fibers dirt particles. The proportion of these fibers can be adjusted so that the original permeability is fully achieved again. Since the resolution is limited only to the part of the web that is not load bearing, the strength is not compromised. The process of leaching is initiated by the use of the required solvent. During this period, production is interrupted. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the releasable fibers already contain detergent, which is released upon dissolution.

The Removal of components of felt belts for the purpose of generating a required void volume the production of such tapes by means of solvents is known from a variety of prior art documents, to which reference is made below by way of example.

The publication WO 99/64670 discloses a method of making a press felt comprising a backing needled on at least one side. The top of the felt is formed of a polymeric resin layer containing soluble and removable cut fibers of a synthetic polymer resin or in the form of natural fibers. The dissolution of these takes place in alcohol, cleaning solvents, alkaline media or in water. The detachment takes place immediately after the startup of the machine for the production of fibrous webs.

From the publication US 4,657,806 For example, a method for producing a press felt is known in which so-called fill yarns are used to control the permeability of the press felt. These are soluble chopped fibers. These are enclosed in a layered on a support resin layer and in the presence of the appropriate leaching conditions, for example As the washing of the press felt in an appropriate solvent under the required conditions dissolved out of this to create the cavities.

In the in the publication EP 0 786 551 B1 described method for producing a press felt, a carrier is provided with a plastic layer. The plastic layer is formed from a plastic powder which is uniformly mixed with soluble particles or particles under pressure and heat. By mixing the particles with the plastic powder, a uniform distribution is ensured. The releasable particles are then dissolved out by a solvent against which the plastic is, however, resistant.

Furthermore, detachable particles are also known from other publications, which are provided for the creation of void volume. These can be designed as warp and / or weft threads in a fabric releasable connecting threads according to EP 0 925 393 B1 in the form of fibers, yarns, fill yarns, etc., which are dissolved out to obtain a laminated structure.

WO 98/07925 discloses a method of producing a permeable belt comprising a woven substrate or a nonwoven layer in which releasable threads are provided, the extent of which is between the top and the bottom of the belt to form passages. The dissolution takes place by immersing the tape in a solvent.

The publication EP 1 336 685 B1 discloses an embodiment of a press felt with leachable spacer threads between two jelly threads and EP 0 786 550 B1 discloses leachable particles. The dissolution takes place by dissolution of this, which requires the use of appropriate solvents.

All Versions in which a dissolution by a solvent occurs, condition the provision the appropriate solvent and the conditions for disposal and treatment of the solvent. The Cleaning can not be done inside the machine and the press felt is to be removed, which results in a production stop.

versions with cavity volume introduced by the above methods are characterized by the fact that this over the Operating time can be reduced and enforce. By a cleaning is only a part of the void volume recoverable, while the rest due to mechanical damage and fatigue of the press felt is lost.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, a tape for the use as a covering in a machine for the production of To create fibrous webs that have a large Operating period approximately by the same drainage properties characterized in particular by a uniform Water absorption capacity over the entire surface are writable. The provision of additional void volume should not be tied to the targeted use of solvents his and elaborate process for solvent treatment should be avoided.

The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1 characterized. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

One Fabric, in particular band in the form of a fabric for a paper machine according to the invention thereby characterized in that contains this volume body, at least partially made of a biodegradable material, in particular consist of at least one biodegradable polymer. Under volume are thereby three-dimensional structures understood by an extension in X, Y and Z direction in a coordinate system are writable and as a solid body or cavity enclosing bodies can.

The inventive solution makes it possible depending on the type of biodegradable polymer used, the Set the cavity volume over the operating time and also added and degraded cavity volume in the fabric automatically during operation and to compensate for the environment, thus over the longest possible service life a constant void volume in the covering of machines for the production be able to provide fiber webs. The biological Dismantling process runs during operation free of impairments of the function of the fabric from.

The biodegradable polymeric materials are biodegradable plastics which are first broken down into low molecular weight compounds and finally into inorganic substances such as water and carbon dioxide. The term biodegradability is in the DIN pre-standard DIN V 54900 Defined by the examination of the compostability of plastics. "If the degradation by absorption via organisms is also referred to as bioresorbable materials.

The fabric, which by larger Extents in the longitudinal and width directions is characterized as in the height direction is carried out at least one layer, the at least one layer contains solid whose volume fraction of biodegradable material over the other components of the layer is 0.1-30 wt .-%, not are biodegradable. This ensures the strength and stability as well as the functioning of the fabric. A layer is understood to be a flat structure or a planar structure characterized by larger extensions in the longitudinal and width directions than in the vertical direction.

The remaining Components of one layer do not consist of biologically degradable materials, preferably polymers, in particular thermoplastic Polymers such as polypropylene, polyamide, for example polyamide 4.6, Polyamide 6, Polyamide 6.6, Polyamide 6.10, Polyamide 6.12, Polyamide 11, Polyamide 12, or PET, PTT, PBT, PPS, PEK, PEEK or an elastomeric Polyester.

The theoretically possible void volume of the fabric is as a function of the sum of the available void volume at the time x and the volume fraction consisting of a biodegradable material the individual volume adjustable. It can the entire volume of biodegradable material exist or only part, so that only a volume fraction as Void volume is available after the degradation. Especially in the latter case, the solid can in form, for example, as warp or weft threads, filling threads and thus executed as a structure-forming elements of each layer be.

In terms of the formation of the single solid consists of one Variety of possibilities. This can be used as a filament, in particular as monofilament, multifilament, yarn or twist of such Filaments are formed. In this case, the function of the biodegradable fraction into structure-forming substances that are present anyway Components are integrated, depending on the allocation by the Arrangement of the structure-forming components, for example in shape of warp and weft threads a uniform Distribution of the additional possible share on cavity volume in a simple manner is possible.

The Filament can also be made according to a development be executed profiled, in particular as a helical coiled element.

A further possible formation of the volume body consists in the execution as a particle, for example with a rhomboid, polygonal, ellipsoidal or circular Cross-section is executed, wherein the cross-sectional area over the extension of the particle along a geometric axis constant or changeable or a freely selectable has geometric shape. These particles are in the structures embedded or enclosed in the situation.

Of the single solid contains according to a first execution at least a natural biological degradable polymer such as collagen, starch, cellulose. Of the Degradation takes place enzymatically in this case, the enzymes preferably are also part of the individual solid. Activation can take place via bacteria, which in the Contained by the felt belt liquid are included.

According to one contains particularly advantageous second embodiment the sheet is solid, which at least a synthetic biodegradable polymer. That's synthetic biodegradable polymer comprises at least one aliphatic Polyester, in particular a polyhydroxylcarboxylic acid, completely especially polylactide. In this case, degradation takes place by nonenzymatic hydrolysis, whose required operating parameters are easy to control, In particular, the choice of aliphatic polyester is adjusted to the operating conditions of the application, so that automatically over the operating time sets a removal.

The Properties, in particular the degradation of biodegradable Polymers vary depending on the composition and pretreatment. According to a particularly advantageous Execution becomes the mining behavior over the addition of Controlled copolymers. The copolymer is carried out in this way and this selects the degradation behavior of the polymer according to a desired temporal configuration controls.

The Fabric comprises at least one as a carrier executed base layer and a nonwoven layer, wherein at least in one of the layers - nonwoven layer and / or base layer - solid, which contain at least one biodegradable polymer is. The carrier can be used as tissue, knitted fabric, scrim, a group of threads formed of threads, unidirectionally or bidirectionally aligned with each other be or as a membrane.

If the sheet comprises a plurality of layers connected to one another, wherein more than one of the layers has solid bodies, the proportion of the solids in the individual layers may vary depending on the properties to be achieved. Depending on the desired property profile, the local distribution of the Volu menkörper in the longitudinal and width direction of the fabric evenly and / or in the height direction are performed evenly or unevenly.

at The inventively designed fabric it may in particular be a press felt or a sieve.

The solution according to the invention is hereinafter explained with reference to figures. In detail this is the following shown:

1a and 1b illustrate a section of an axial section of an inventively designed fabric;

2a to 2c illustrate possible geometric designs of the solids;

3a to 3c illustrate possible embodiments of the solid based on their cross-sectional areas;

4 shows an embodiment of a multilayer sheet;

5a and 5b illustrate the influencing factors and methods for biodegradation on the basis of signal flow diagrams.

The 1a and 1b illustrate in a schematic simplified representation of the structure of an inventively designed fabric 1 in the form of a ribbon 2 , in particular a covering for a machine for producing fibrous webs, in particular paper, board or tissue webs in an axial section in the YZ plane. This includes, by way of example, a carrier 3 trained base class 4 and at least one more with the base layer 4 or the carrier 3 bonded nonwoven layer 5 , The connection between the base layer 4 and the fleece layer 5 can take various forms, in particular thermally via a material connection. Regarding the training of the wearer 3 forming base layer 4 There are a number of possibilities. These may be a tissue or, for example, a membrane 6 act. According to the invention, the fabric contains 1 solids 7 of a biodegradable material, in particular a biodegradable polymer.

According to 1a Here are examples of the solid 7 as filaments 8.1 to 8.n. executed. The biodegradable polymeric materials are biodegradable plastics which are first broken down into low molecular weight compounds and finally into inorganic substances such as water and carbon dioxide. The term biodegradability is in the DIN pre-standard DIN V 54900 "Testing the Compostability of Plastics" defines the filaments 8.1 to 8.n. contain in their entirety a defined volume of biodegradable polymers which, when fully composed of these from biodegradable polymers, consist of the individual volumes of the individual filaments 8.1 to 8.n. composed. As a result of the degradation, a void volume VH is released, depending on the degree of degradation of the individual filaments 8.1 to 8.n. varied. The degradation takes place, for example, as a function of time and further of other, the ambient conditions characterizing factors. Depending on the design and design of the individual filaments 8.1 to 8.n. the rate of degradation as well as the degree of degradation per unit of time can be influenced and thus over the life span of the belt 2 considers successive void volume ΔVH to be released until complete release. The biodegradable polymers in the form of the solid 7 can do this in different layers of the fabric 1 be included. According to 1a these are preferably in the nonwoven layer 5 intended. It is viewed over the surface viewed in a view across the width b and also in a view, not shown here from above, a possible even distribution over the width b of the tape and the length l specified. The width b is determined in a coordinate system to the belt in use in machines for the production of fibrous webs in the machine direction considered transversely to this, here in the Y direction and the length in the coordinate system in the X direction or machine direction. By analogy, these statements also apply to the distribution in the height direction, in particular Z direction of the respective layer, here the nonwoven layer 5 , Preferably a uniform distribution in all three dimensions is sought, if possible, in order to ensure the same conditions over the entire construction when used in machines for producing fibrous webs. However, zonal differences are also conceivable, for example, viewed between edge regions and middle regions transversely to the machine direction.

According to 1b are exemplary in place of the filaments 8.1 to 8.n. particle 9.1 to 9.n. as a solid 7.1 to 7.n intended. For these, the same statements apply with regard to their arrangement and execution as for the filaments 8.1 to 8.n. , The particles 9.1 to 9.n. may be arbitrary in terms of their geometric shape. This can be in accordance with 2c to be a freely defined geometry that, viewed in a coordinate system, forms a free-form three-dimensional solid.

Conceivable, but not here in detail dar is a combination of the possibilities according to the 1a and 1b ,

The 2a and 2 B illustrate possible embodiments of the filaments 8.1 to 8.n. in terms of their geometric design. These can according to 2a be designed as an elongated solid with any geometry of the cross-sectional area, wherein the cross-sectional geometry over the length may also vary. 2a illustrates exemplified in a coordinate system such a running filament 8th in the XZ plane. The 2 B illustrates contrast, another possible embodiment of the filament 8th , here in the form of a spiraled filament. This is also described by an extension in the longitudinal direction, which characterizes the length l, and in the illustrated embodiment in the height direction, that is, Z-direction. The helical shape descriptive turns can be performed in a circular or oval cross-sectional view.

In contrast, illustrates the 2c a possible embodiment of a solid 7 in the form of a particle 9 with freeform geometry.

The design of the solid 7 in the form of filaments 8th can be done in different ways. Conceivable is the training as a monofilament, multifilament, yarn, twist, etc. These options are essentially also dependent on the composition. In this case, according to a first embodiment, the entire volume body 7 , in particular filament 8th or the particle 9 consist of a degradable polymer. It is known that the degradation of such a biodegradable polymer depends on a variety of factors. In particular, reference is made to the nature of the polymer and any pretreatment. Furthermore, in addition to the process parameters, such as temperature and the pH of the environment as well as the respective water content and / or oxygen content plays a role. Other significant factors include crystallinity and crystallite size. With regard to the type of biodegradable polymers, a distinction is made here between enzymatically degradable polymers and hydrolytically biodegradable synthetic polymers. Among the enzymatic degradable polymers include, among others, the polysaccharides, which can be degraded by means of an enzyme, such as amylase and glucose. Other possible enzymatically degradable polymers are polypeptides, in particular in the form of proteins. The degradation takes place here by means of an enzyme in the form of protease. Further possible polymers are the so-called biopolyesters. In this case, according to a first embodiment, the respective volume body 7 or the filament 8th or the particle 9 contain at least one enzyme A in addition to the biodegradable material. This is exemplary in the 3a reproduced, where either a possible homogeneous mixture between the polymer and the enzymes takes place or else, as in 3a represented the filament 8th or the particle 9 is formed in a sheath / core design, wherein the core 10 for example, is formed by biodegradable material and the jacket 11 which is the core 10 enveloped, by one, at least one the removal of the core 10 favoring enzyme A contains. This can be activated, for example, via bacteria which are contained in the water dissolved out of the fibrous web.

Other possible biodegradable polymers are synthetically biodegradable polymers. These are hydrolyzed by hydrolysis to low molecular weight structures and then to monomers. Synthetically biodegradable polymers include alipathic polyesters such as polylactide (PLA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and polyglycolide (PGL). Furthermore, synthetically biodegradable polymers are also polycarbonates or polyanhydrides. The trade names such alipathischer polyester are for polylactide Vicryl ^® and polyglycolide Dexon ^®. The aliphatic polyesters are polyhydroxylcarboxylic acids which, depending on the embodiment, are characterized by different degradation times.

To the influencing factors count beside the chemical composition also the molecular weight and its distribution and the low molecular weight components.

According to a further development, the respective filament 8th or the particle 9 also consist of a multi-component material. In addition to the biodegradable material, this preferably also contains at least one copolymer, via which the degradation rate can be influenced as far as possible. This is exemplary in 3b using a cross-sectional view of a filament 8th played. Here is the coat 11 multilayered. The individual layers 11.1 to 11.3 enclose the core 10 in layers. Each of the individual layers can do this 11.1 . 11.2 and 11.3 For example, contain the same biodegradable polymer, but different copolymers that affect the degradation, preferably the degradation of the outermost to the inner layer, ie the layers 11.3 to 11.1 the casing to the core 10 takes place.

3c illustrates another embodiment with different composition of the filament 8th , This consists of the components 20 and 19 , which form a composite and depending on the type and degradation, either an enzyme and a polyester containing, the enzyme is then exemplary in the component 19 is included while the ingredient 20 is formed by a biodegradable polymer. On the other hand, it is also conceivable 19 and 20 from compositions of polymers and copolymers characterized by different properties, in particular a different degradation behavior.

In order to provide a uniform void volume VH over the entire covering as far as possible, preferably solid bodies are used 7 , in particular filaments 8th or particles 9 with, if possible, the same geometry and dimensioning as well as of the same material with the same degradation behavior used.

The 4 illustrated by an axial section through a sheet 1 in the form of a ribbon 2 a further possible embodiment by way of example to illustrate the generation of different void volumes in different areas of the sheet 1 , especially Bandes 2 , Here, too, is a base layer 4 in the form of a carrier 3 provided, which as tissue 12 is executed. This is between a fleece layer 13 which the bottom 14 such a band forms, the underside 14 the side not touching the material web corresponds, but the machine-contacting side and a membrane 15 is arranged. The membrane 15 can be performed in various ways. This is usually made of a polymer, especially as a polyurethane.

The carrier 3 In this case, it can be oriented, for example, by a fabric in the form of a woven fabric, knitted fabric, fabric or a group of threads, if appropriate unidirectionally or multidirectionally, or consist of a combination of these.

Furthermore, further nonwoven layers 16 and 17 provided, wherein the nonwoven layer 17 solids 7 from biodegradable polymers. The fleece layer 16 forms the top 18 of the fabric 1 out. The individual fleece layers 16 . 17 as well as the other layers 15 . 4 . 14 are interconnected. The coupling preferably takes place via material bond or mechanical bonds. If possible, the upper nonwoven layer 16 designed such that this is executed as far as possible. The fleece layer 17 which are the solids 7 contains, further consists of non-biodegradable polymers. It is crucial that even after the dissolution of the individual solid 7 the stability and cohesion of the respective layer is ensured by the degradation thereof and the cavity volume VH released thereby.

Further There is also the possibility, not shown here, more Form nonwoven layers with such degradable filaments.

The 5a and 5b illustrate in a schematic simplified representation on the basis of a signal flow diagram, the influencing variables and the functional sequence of the controllability of the degradation. This is done depending on parameters of the solid 7 concerning the selected material M, in particular the type of composition, that is to say the combination with further copolymers or further constituents such as enzymes, the geometry G, the dimensioning D, density etc. These are the given conditions within the fabric 1 , These can be influenced as a function of other process parameters which can also be actively influenced during the operation of a machine for producing fibrous webs, such as temperature, pH of the environment, oxygen and water content, and then lead to a degradation per unit of time. In order to enable enzymatic degradation, in particular in the case of the naturally biodegradable polymers, at least one enzyme A is furthermore required.

By analogy, this also applies to the synthetic polymers, but these are not characterized by a corresponding enzyme, but here the degradation takes place solely by hydrolysis. This is schematically illustrated in simplified form 5b played.

1

sheet

2

tape

3

carrier

4

base layer

5

nonwoven layer

6

membrane

7

solids

8th

filament

8.1-8.n

filament

9

particle

9.1-9.N

particle

10

core

11

coat

11.1-11.3

cladding layer

12

tissue

13

nonwoven layer

14

bottom

15

membrane

16

nonwoven layer

17

nonwoven layer

18

top

19

component

20

component

A

enzyme

VH

void volume

b

width

l

length

M

material

D

dimensioning

G

geometric shape

T

temperature

Y

steep size

X, Y Z

coordinates of the coordinate system

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 0303798 A2 [0003]
• WO 99/64670 [0005]
• US 4657806 [0006]
• EP 0786551 B1 [0007]
• - EP 0925393 B1 [0008]
• WO 98/07925 [0009]
• - EP 1336685 B1 [0010]
• EP 0786550 B1 [0010]

Cited non-patent literature

• - DIN V 54900 [0017]
• - DIN V 54900 [0037]

Claims (25)

Fabrics ( 1 ), in particular volume ( 2 ) in the form of a covering for a paper machine, characterized in that this solid ( 7 ), which consist at least partially of a biodegradable material, in particular at least one biodegradable polymer. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that this is carried out at least in one layer and the one layer ( 4 . 5 . 16 . 17 . 13 ) Solid ( 7 ), wherein the volume fraction of the solid ( 7 ) of biodegradable material compared to the other constituents of the layer 0.1-30 wt .-% is. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the theoretically possible void volume (VH) as a function of the sum of the consisting of a biodegradable material volume fraction of the individual solid ( 7 ) is adjustable. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the single solid ( 7 ) as filament ( 8th . 8.1 to 8.n. ) is trained. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the filament ( 8th . 8.1 to 8.n. ) is formed as a monofilament, multifilament, yarn or twist of such filaments. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the filament ( 8th . 8.1 to 8.n. ) is executed profiled. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the filament ( 8th . 8.1 to 8.n. ) is formed as a helically coiled element. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the volume body ( 7 ) as particles ( 9 . 9.1 to 9.n. ) is trained. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the single particle ( 9 . 9.1 to 9.n. ) having a rhomboid, polygonal, ellipsoidal or circular cross-section, the cross-sectional area extending over the extent of the particle ( 9 . 9.1 to 9.n. ) is constant or variable along a geometric axis or has a freely selectable geometric shape. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the individual volume body ( 7 ) contains at least one naturally biodegradable polymer such as collagen, starch, cellulose. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the single solid ( 7 ) contains at least one further additive in the form of an enzyme (A) for enzymatic degradation of the polymer. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the individual volume body ( 7 ) contains at least one synthetic biodegradable polymer. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 12, characterized in that the synthetic biodegradable polymer comprises at least one aliphatic polyester, in particular polyhydroxylcarboxylic acid, very particularly polylactide. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the individual volume body ( 7 ) contains at least one further additive in the form of a copolymer. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to claim 14, characterized in that the copolymer is designed and selected such that it controls the degradation behavior of the polymer according to a desired temporal configuration. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the single solid ( 7 ) a core ( 10 ) and at least one enclosing at least single-layer sheath ( 11 . 11.1 . 11.2 . 11.3 ), where the core ( 10 ) and / or the sheath ( 11 ) and / or individual sheaths ( 11.1 . 11.2 . 11.3 ) consist of biodegradable polymers with temporally different degradation behavior and / or additives. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that this at least one as a carrier ( 3 ) basic layer ( 4 ) and at least one further layer, in particular a nonwoven layer ( 5 . 13 . 16 . 17 ), wherein at least in one of the layers - nonwoven layer ( 5 . 13 . 16 . 17 ) and / or base layer ( 4 ) - Solid ( 7 ) containing at least one biodegradable polymer are provided. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the carrier ( 3 ) is designed as a fabric, knitted fabric, scrim, a group of threads of threads, unidirectionally or bidirectionally aligned with each other. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 17 to 18, characterized in that the Carrier ( 3 ) is designed as a membrane. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the carrier ( 3 ) and / or the single nonwoven layer ( 5 . 13 . 16 . 17 ) further contain synthetic, non-biodegradable polymers or other plastics. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of interconnected layers ( 4 . 5 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 17 ), wherein in more than one of the layers ( 4 . 5 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 17 ) Solid ( 7 ) and the proportion of the solids ( 7 ) in the individual layers ( 4 . 5 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 17 ) is selected depending on the properties to be achieved. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the local distribution of the solids ( 7 ) in the length and width direction and / or in the height direction in the at least one layer ( 4 . 5 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 17 ) is performed evenly. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the local distribution of the solids ( 7 ) in the length and width direction and / or in the height direction in the at least one layer ( 4 . 5 . 13 . 15 . 16 . 17 ) is executed differently. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that this as press felt ( 2 ) is executed. Fabrics ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that this is designed as a sieve.