DE102008005816A1 - Method for production of frequency hopping changes for duplex communication system, involves identifying pairs of partial frequency bands in accordance with pair identification of two partial frequency bands - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves identifying pairs of partial frequency bands in accordance with the pair identification of the two partial frequency bands of a pair completely containing leap frequencies. The frequency hopping change is defined as change for a given transmission circuit. After each change of the clock pulse of a frequency hopping master clock a next element is assigned to transmission circuit-specific frequency hopping change to center frequency of the transmitting unit frequency band.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for generating frequency hopping frequency sequences. Frequency Hopping, hereinafter referred to as FH for short, is used for wireless Communication used to ensure the reliability of communication to improve in those cases where frequency-selective Fading and interference are to be expected. Subsequently, FH will join selected frequency bands in duplex communication systems considered.

From the DE 103 34 873 A1 a method for operating a system according to TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) with a plurality of wireless sensors and / or actuators as a node and a base station is known, which is installed in a machine or plant, such as industrial robots, automatic manufacturing or production machine, where cyclic TDMA frames are transmitted and each TDMA frame, hereinafter referred to as a frame, consists of successive consecutive time slots. Each time slot is assigned to a specific node. The uplink signals from the different nodes to the base station may be transmitted simultaneously at two, three or more different frequencies while the downlink signals from the base station to the different nodes are transmitted at only one different frequency from the uplink frequencies. The time slots and the different uplink frequencies of the different nodes are set once and then maintained.

The content of DE 103 34 873 A1 is expressly included in the disclosure of the present application.

Based on and taking into account the above explanations, it is also possible to operate a system consisting of several cells, each with at least one base station and a plurality of nodes, both for the uplink signals and for the downlink signals according to the FH method, so as to increase the quality of wireless communication. 5 shows a known wireless duplex communication system at a plant A (for example, machine or plant, such as industrial robots, automatic manufacturing or automatic manufacturing) with, for example, three cells C1 and C2 or C3, which is associated with a base station BS1 or BS2 or BS3, wherein the base station BS1 communicates, for example, with nodes S1, S2, S3, S4 of the first cell C1, the base station BS2 with nodes S5, S6, S7 of the second cell C2, and the base station BS3 with nodes S8, S9, S10 of the third cell C3. The nodes S1, S2 .... are sensors or actuators. The base stations BS1, BS2, BS2 are connected to a higher-level automation device AE (process computer). Of course, the configuration is according to 5 only as a very simplified embodiment to understand, because in the concrete case, each base station communicates with a much larger number of nodes.

The basics of the FH are for example off JG Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 1983, Section 8.3, pp. 580-587 known.

The basics of the FH is explicitly stated AA Shaar and PA Davies, "A survey of one-coincidence sequences for frequency-hopped spread spectrum spectrum systems", IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 pointed. The content of this document is expressly included in the disclosure of the present application.

Furthermore, the reference book K. Dostert, Powerline Communications, Francis Verlag GmbH Poing, 2000, pages 116-123 pointed.

In the case of a communications system operated according to TDMA, the change of the frequencies determined according to the FH frequency sequence preferably takes place frame by frame, ie an FH clock to be provided emits a clock signal exactly between two frames in order to change to the next hop frequency. The generation of the FH frequency sequence takes place, for example, on the basis of clock signals of the base station (master), which are fed to the nodes by means of the downlink signals. According to the embodiment 5 serves z. B. Base station BS2 as master for cell C2.

• • dass die Uplink-Frequenzen und die Downlink-Frequenzen das gleiche verfügbare Gesamt-Frequenzband – beim vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel 2401 MHz–2479 MHz – benutzen,
• • dass alle Frequenzen des zugewiesenen Frequenzbandes verwendet werden,
• • dass unmittelbar aufeinanderfolgende Frequenzsprünge jeweils einen möglichst großen Frequenzabstand aufweisen,
• • dass die unterschiedlichen, gleichzeitig auftretenden Uplink-Frequenzen sowie die gleichzeitig auftretende Downlink-Frequenz verschiedener Zellen möglichst keine Interferenzen verursachen, d. h.
• • dass die Frequenzfolgen, die für unterschiedliche Zellen benutzt werden, nur geringe Korrelation aufweisen.

The FH frequency sequences are advantageously determined in such a way

• The uplink frequencies and the downlink frequencies use the same total available frequency band - 2401 MHz - 2479 MHz in the present embodiment,
• That all frequencies of the assigned frequency band are used,
• • that successive frequency jumps each have the greatest possible frequency deviation have
• • that the different concurrent uplink frequencies as well as the simultaneous downlink frequency of different cells cause as much as possible no interference, ie
• • that the frequency sequences used for different cells show little correlation.

It However, it is not absolutely necessary that the FH frequency sequences meet all the criteria listed above.

• – dass das verfügbare Gesamt-Frequenzband in eine vorgegebene Anzahl nicht überlappender Teilfrequenzbänder aufgeteilt wird, wobei jedes Teilfrequenzband (ein Teil fequenzband ist ein lückenloser Bereich von aufeinanderfolgenden Sprungfrequenzen) die Bandbreite B_S aufweist,
• – dass eine erste ganzzahlige periodische Folge W benutzt wird, um ein bestimmtes Frequenzband bei jeder Zeitmarke des FH-Taktgebers auszuwählen,
• – dass jedes Teilfrequenzband eine vorgegebene Anzahl n_I unterschiedlicher Sprungfrequenzen enthält, wobei die Sprungfrequenz-Bandbreite B_H beträgt,
• – dass eine zweite n_I-äre ganzzahlige periodische Folge X_i mit Sprungfrequenz-Index i benutzt wird, um eine bestimmte Sprungfrequenz bei jeder Zeitmarke des FH-Taktgebers auszuwählen,
• – so dass die aktuelle Sprungfrequenz f beträgt: f = f0 + W·BS + Xi·BH,
• – wobei f₀ eine Basisfrequenz ist.

From the DE 102 11 235 A1 a method for generating an FH frequency sequence is known, wherein a periodic FH jump frequency sequence is determined by specifying a hopping frequency bandwidth and an integer sequence. The essential criteria of the procedure are determined by

• That the available total frequency band is divided into a predetermined number of non-overlapping sub-frequency bands, each sub-frequency band (a part of the frequency band is a gap of successive jump frequencies) having the bandwidth B _S ,
• A first integer periodic sequence W is used to select a particular frequency band at each timestamp of the FH clock,
• Each subfrequency band contains a predetermined number n _{I of} different hopping frequencies, the hopping frequency bandwidth B being _H ,
• - that a second n _I is used -ary integer periodic sequence X _i with hopping frequency index i, to select a particular hop frequency at each time stamp of the FH-clock,
• - so that the current jump frequency f is: f = f 0 + W · B S + X i · B H .
• Where f _{0 is} a base frequency.

The content of DE 102 11 235 A1 is expressly included in the disclosure of the present application.

In general, FH is a well-known method in wireless communication to counteract frequency-selective fading and interference effects: The hopping frequency "jumps" over a wide frequency band according agreed between sender and associated receiver hopping frequency sequence (FH frequency sequence), which both the For transmission channels with frequency-dependent transmission conditions and relatively high error rates, FH can ensure that a sufficient number of transmissions are of sufficient quality (low error rate) in combination with error-monitoring techniques such as Forward Error Correction FEC or Automatic Repeat Request ARQ ensures reliable communication for FH systems, and in this context some characteristics of the FH frequency sequences have to be considered:
With regard to the frequency band, the frequencies can jump over the entire available frequency band, for example above 80 MHz, which are available in the 2.4 GHz ISM band between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz. However, interference may occur in cases where adjacent FH systems use the same frequencies. In order to improve the coexistence of adjacent FH systems, it is therefore advisable to carry out frequency planning, in which adjacent FH systems use selected, non-overlapping subgroups of the available frequency bands.

With regard to the FH sequence types, FH sequences can generally be represented in the form of n-ary integer periodic sequences, where n is the number of possible hopping frequencies in the available frequency band. After each FH clock period (dwell time), for example the period of one frame (TDMA frame) in the TDMA communication, the transmitter uses the next integer number of the FH sequence and allocates it to the current hop frequency. The FH sequences are either deterministic (eg periodic with a short period) or pseudo random (eg with a very long period). If some FH links are operating in the same range of the same frequency band, the cross-correlation of their FH frequency sequences determines the interference that occurs. With deterministic frequency sequences, poor selection can lead to very high interference. The above-mentioned document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 describes generation methods for the generation of deterministic FH sequences with low correlation. In contrast, in practice, the correlation properties of pseudo-random FH sequences can only be determined using statistical methods and the associated uncertainties.

Regarding of the transmission mode Simplex or Duplex, that the transmission mode Simplex is present when during a considered period of time only one transmitter is active. In the transmission mode Duplex transmitter and receiver simultaneously active, wherein a duplex frequency difference D between transmission frequency - for example Downlink DL - and reception frequency - for example Uplink UL - is complied with the interference between the simultaneous radio transmissions send and receive to minimize.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a method for generating frequency hopping frequency sequences for a duplex communication system in selected frequency bands.

• 1) wobei zunächst Teilfrequenzband-Paare gemäß folgender Paar-Identifikation identifiziert werden:
• 1a) mindestens eines der beiden Teilfrequenzbänder eines Paars beinhaltet lückenlos einige Sprungfrequenzen, welche gleichzeitig aktiv sein können und welche mindestens einen vorgegebenen Frequenzabstand voneinander aufweisen,
• 1b) bei jedem Teilfrequenzband-Paar dient ein Teilfrequenzband als Sende-Teilfrequenzband und ein Teilfrequenzband als Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband,
• 1b) innerhalb eines jeden Teilfrequenzband-Paares haben das Sende-Teilfrequenzband und das Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband mindestens einen vorgegebenen Duplex-Frequenzabstand,
• 1d) die einzelnen Teilfrequenzband-Paare unterscheiden sich durch ihre Mittenfrequenzen (= Frequenz in der Mitte eines Teilfrequenzbandes) voneinander,
• 2) wobei eine Frequency-Hopping-Folge als Folge für eine vorgegebene Sende-Übertragungsstrecke definiert wird,
• 3) wobei nach jedem Wechsel des Taktsignals eines Frequency-Hopping-Taktgebers das nächste Element dieser übertragungsstrecken-spezifischen Frequency-Hopping-Folge der Mittenfrequenz des Sende-Teilfrequenzbands zugeteilt wird,
• 4) wobei als zu diesem Wechsel des Taktsignals zugehöriges Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband dasjenige Teilfrequenzband gewählt wird, welches mit dem Sende-Teilfrequenzband entsprechend der Paar-Identifikation zu einem Teilfrequenzband-Paar zusammengefasst worden ist.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for generating frequency hopping frequency sequences in a duplex wireless communication system in selected frequency bands,

• 1) where first sub-band pairs are identified according to the following pair identification:
• 1a) at least one of the two sub-frequency bands of a pair contains gaplessly some jump frequencies, which can be active at the same time and which have at least one predetermined frequency spacing from one another,
• 1b) for each subfrequency band pair, a subfrequency band serves as a transmission subfrequency band and a subfrequency band as a reception subfrequency band,
• 1b) within each subfrequency band pair, the transmit subfrequency band and the receive subfrequency band have at least a predetermined duplex frequency spacing,
• 1 d) the individual subfrequency band pairs differ from one another by their center frequencies (= frequency in the middle of a subfrequency band),
• 2) wherein a frequency hopping sequence is defined as a consequence for a given transmission transmission path,
• 3) wherein after each change of the clock signal of a frequency hopping clock the next element of this transmission link-specific frequency hopping sequence is assigned to the center frequency of the transmission frequency band,
• 4) wherein as that to the change of the clock signal associated receive sub-frequency band that sub-frequency band is selected, which has been combined with the transmit sub-frequency band corresponding to the pair identification to a sub-frequency band pair.

• • niedrige deterministische Korrelationen haben,
• • den Duplex-Frequenzabstand D zu jeder Zeit aufrecht erhalten, während dasselbe Frequenzband gleichzeitig für beide Übertragungsrichtungen – Uplink UL und Downlink DL – genutzt wird,
• • in verschiedenen ausgewählten Teilfrequenzbändern des verfügbaren Gesamt-Frequenzbands betreibbar sind, wobei die Auswahl beispielsweise so vorgenommen wird, dass die Koexistenz mit benachbarten Systemen verbessert wird.

The present invention advantageously helps to create groups of FH hopping frequency sequences which

• • have low deterministic correlations,
• Maintain the duplex frequency spacing D at all times while using the same frequency band simultaneously for both transmission directions-uplink UL and downlink DL-
• • Operate in different selected sub-frequency bands of the available total frequency band, for example, selecting to improve coexistence with neighboring systems.

there does not become parallel FH of different transmission links only on the uplink UL, but also on the downlink transmission link DL allows. Even with non-synchronous FH of the cells of a duplex communication system remains due to the generated FH jump frequency sequences, the interference small between the cells.

Further Advantages will be apparent from the following description.

advantageous Embodiments of the invention are in the subclaims characterized.

The Invention will be described below with reference to the drawing Embodiments explained. Show it:

1a , b the allocation between an integer FH sequence and permitted hopping frequencies,

2 a table of the resulting parameters, such as number of different jump frequencies of a sub-frequency band n _I and number of sub-frequency band pairs n _B to a first generation method of FH sequences,

3 a table of the resulting parameters, such as number of sub-frequency band pairs n _F to one second generation process of FH episodes,

4 a simple example for the "graphic" explanation of the permitted / unauthorized frequencies, subfrequency band pairs, center frequencies, duplex frequency spacing,

5 a known wireless duplex communication system,

6 an example of asymmetric utilization in the duplex transmission to the first generation method,

7 an example of asymmetric utilization in the duplex transfer to the second generation method.

• 1. Es werden Paare möglicher Teilfrequenzbänder, d. h. Teilfrequenzband-Paare identifiziert (Paar-Identifikation). Ein Teilfrequenzband ist dabei ein Frequenzband, welches lückenlos einige Sprungfrequenzen beinhaltet, welche gleichzeitig aktiv sein können und welche mindestens einen vorgegebenen Frequenzabstand BH voneinander aufweisen. Innerhalb, eines bestimmten Teilfrequenzband-Paares haben das Sende-Teilfrequenzband und das Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband den vorgegebenen (erforderlichen) Duplex-Frequenzabstand D. Bei jedem Teilfrequenzband-Paar dient ein Teilfrequenzband zum Senden (Sende-Teilfrequenzband) – beispielsweise für Downlink DL – und ein Teilfrequenzband dient zum Empfangen (Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband) – beispielsweise für Uplink UL. Die einzelnen Teilfrequenzband-Paare unterscheiden sich durch ihre Mittenfrequenzen voneinander und können sich dabei auch überlappen.
• 2. Es wird eine FH-Folge als ganzzahlige Folge für eine vorgegebene Sende-Übertragungsstrecke – beispielsweise Downlink DL – definiert. Nach jedem Wechsel des Taktsignals eines FH-Taktgebers (Zeitmarke, Sprung-Zeitpunkt) – beispielsweise nach jedem TDMA-Datenübertragungsblock oder Rahmen – wird die nächste Ganzzahl dieser übertragungsstrecken-spezifischen FH-Folge der Mittenfrequenz des Sende-Teilfrequenzbands zugeteilt. Das zu diesem Sprung-Zeitpunkt zugehörige Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband ist dann dasjenige Teilfrequenzband, welches mit dem Sende-Teilfrequenzband entsprechend der Paar-Identifikation gemäß Schritt 1. zu einem Teilfrequenzband-Paar zusammengefasst worden ist.
• 3. Eine Gruppe von FH-Folgen für Mehrfach-Übertragungsstrecken kann beispielsweise entsprechend dem bereits erwähnten Dokument IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, Seiten 719–724 erzeugt werden, was vorteilhaft zu deterministischen Folgen niedriger Korrelation führt.
• 4. Nachdem die Mittenfrequenzen der Teilfrequenzband-Paare bestimmt sind, ist es möglich oder erforderlich – dies hängt von der Bandbreite der Teilfrequenzbänder und der Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Sprungfrequenzen eines Teilfrequenzbandes ab –, Sprungfrequenzen innerhalb des Teilfrequenzbands zu definieren, die bei einer Übertragung genutzt werden können. Diese Sprungfrequenzen können mittels einer separaten ganzzahligen FH-Folge ermittelt werden. In diesem Fall wird die FH-Folge in zwei Stufen erhalten, d. h. in einer ersten Stufe werden die Teilfrequenzband-Mittenfrequenzen bestimmt und in einer zweiten Stufe wird der Sprungfrequenz-Index innerhalb des relevanten Teilfrequenzbandes bestimmt.

Given preset frequency bands, a group of FH jump frequency sequences is generated according to the invention as follows in the following steps:

• 1. Pairs of possible sub-frequency bands, ie sub-frequency band pairs are identified (pair identification). A subfrequency band is in this case a frequency band which completely includes some hopping frequencies which can be active at the same time and which have at least one predetermined frequency spacing BH from one another. Within a particular subfrequency band pair, the transmit subfrequency band and the receive subfrequency band have the predetermined (required) duplex frequency spacing D. For each subfrequency band pair, a subfrequency band is used for transmission (transmit subfrequency band) - e.g. for downlink DL - and on Subfrequency band is for receiving (receive subfrequency band) - for example, uplink UL. The individual subfrequency band pairs differ from each other by their center frequencies and may overlap.
• 2. An FH sequence is defined as an integer sequence for a given transmission transmission path, for example downlink DL. After every change of the clock signal of an FH clock (time stamp, jump time) - for example after every TDMA frame or frame - the next integer of this transmission link-specific FH sequence is allocated to the center frequency of the transmit frequency band. The receiving subfrequency band associated with this jump time is then that subfrequency band which has been combined with the transmit subfrequency band corresponding to the pair identification according to step 1 to form a subfrequency band pair.
• 3. A group of FH sequences for multiple transmission links may, for example, according to the document already mentioned IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 which leads advantageously to deterministic consequences of low correlation.
• 4. Having determined the center frequencies of the sub-frequency band pairs, it is possible or necessary - this depends on the bandwidth of the sub-frequency bands and the number of different hop frequencies of a sub-band - to define hop frequencies within the sub-band which can be used in a transmission , These hopping frequencies can be determined by means of a separate integer FH sequence. In this case the FH sequence is obtained in two stages, ie in a first stage the sub-frequency band center frequencies are determined and in a second stage the hopping frequency index within the relevant sub-frequency band is determined.

• 1. Die Gruppe der zugelassenen Frequenzen ist eine Teilgruppe der neunundsiebzig möglichen Frequenzen, welche sich im Frequenzband zwischen 2401 MHz und 2479 MHz ergeben und zwischen welchen jeweils ein Frequenzabstand BH von mindestens 1 MHz besteht (= Frequenzabstand zwischen zwei Sprungfrequenzen).
• 2. Eingangsgrößen für den FH-Frequenzgenerator sind die Rahmen-Nummer FN und die Zellen-Identifizierung cell_id, d. h. die Information, für welche der verschiedenen Zellen C1, C2, C3 .... des Kommunikationssystems die aktuelle Sprungfrequenz zu erzeugen ist.
• 3. Ausgangsgrößen des FH-Frequenzgenerators sind die Downlink-Frequenz f_DL und vier Uplink-Frequenzen f_UL,u (Sprungfrequenz-Index u = 1, 2, 3, 4) innerhalb eines Teilfrequenzbandes mit n_I unterschiedlichen Sprungfrequenzen, wobei für n_I bei z. B. vier Uplink-Übertragungsstrecken und einem Frequenzabstand von mindestens 2 MHz zwischen diesen gilt: n_I ≥ 7.
• 4. Die Basisstation BS erfordert keinerlei Beschränkungen hinsichtlich der Sendefrequenz, d. h. die Downlink-Frequenz f_DL kann sich irgendwo zwischen 2401 MHz und 2479 MHz befinden, mit 1 MHz Bandbreite.
• 5. Die Basisstation BS erfordert keinerlei Beschränkungen hinsichtlich der Lage der Empfangs-Teilfrequenzbänder, insbesondere beträgt z. B. die Quantisierung des lokalen FH-Frequenzgenerators des Empfängers 1 MHz. Die durch die Zwischenfrequenzstufe im Empfänger vorgegebene maximale Breite eines Teilfrequenzbandes beträgt 17 MHz, respektive n_I ≤ 17 bei BH = 1 MHz Bandbreite respektive Frequenzabstand zwischen zwei Sprungfrequenzen.
• 6. Der Duplex-Frequenzabstand D entspricht dem kleinsten Frequenzabstand zwischen der Downlink-Frequenz f_DL und den Frequenzen der mehreren Uplink-Frequenzen f_UL,u d. h. D = min(over u)|f_DL – f_UL,u|. Die Basisstation erfordert D ≥ 22 MHz.
• 7. Die FH-Folgen sollen deterministisch sein, d. h. periodisch mit kurzer Periode.

In the following, these four steps are explained in more detail with reference to two different exemplary embodiments or production methods. In the first generation process, the FH sequence is obtained in two stages. In the second generation process, the FH sequence is generated in a single stage. The two exemplary embodiments or production methods are based in each case on the following assumptions / requirements:

• 1. The group of permitted frequencies is a subset of the seventy-nine possible frequencies, which arise in the frequency band between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz and between each of which a frequency spacing BH of at least 1 MHz exists (= frequency spacing between two hopping frequencies).
• 2. Input variables for the FH frequency generator are the frame number FN and the cell identification cell_id, ie the information for which of the various cells C1, C2, C3 .... of the communication system the current jump frequency is to be generated.
• 3. Output variables of the FH frequency generator are the downlink frequency f _DL and four uplink frequencies f _{UL, u} (hop frequency index u = 1, 2, 3, 4) within a subfrequency band with n _I different hopping frequencies, where for n _I at z. For example, four uplink transmission links and a frequency spacing of at least 2 MHz between them: n _I ≥ 7.
• 4. The base station BS does not require any restrictions on the transmission frequency, ie the downlink frequency f _DL can be anywhere between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz, with 1 MHz bandwidth.
• 5. The base station BS requires no restrictions on the location of the receive sub-frequency bands, in particular z. For example, the quantization of the local FH frequency generator of the receiver is 1 MHz. The predetermined by the intermediate frequency stage in the receiver maximum width of a sub-frequency band is 17 MHz, respectively n _I ≤ 17 at BH = 1 MHz bandwidth respectively frequency spacing between two hopping frequencies.
• 6. The duplex frequency spacing D corresponds to the smallest frequency spacing between the downlink frequency f _DL and the frequencies of the multiple uplink frequencies f _UL, ie D = min (over u) | f _DL -f _{UL, u} |. The base station requires D ≥ 22 MHz.
• 7. The FH sequences should be deterministic, ie periodic with a short period.

The Essential in the generation of FH consequences among these given Assumptions and requirements is to generate a group of FH consequences, their elements - identifiable by the cell identification cell_id - have small cross correlations.

The generation of groups of q-ary periodic sequences with low cross-correlation is in the already mentioned document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 described and expressly referenced. If a prime number p is chosen for an integer q, "construction 2" on page 720 of this document uses a Galois field GF (p) of p elements to avoid p-1 non-constant, one-coincident, integer sequences with the period p If q corresponds to the form q = p ", ie an integer power of a prime number," construction 4 "on page 721 of this document uses a Galois body extension GF (p ^N ) to form a group of q = p ^N to produce integer sequences with the period q - 1 = p ^N - 1.

The The main idea in generating FH sequences is to use the elements d. H. Identify hopping frequencies and subfrequency bands, in which these constructions concerning a Galois body GF (q) of q elements can be applied. These constructions produce q-ary sequences, expressed by sequences of integers between 0 and q - 1. These integers are then implement by means of a 1: 1 allocation in the currently desired Jump frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz (where unauthorized Frequencies, for example due to coexistence with neighboring ones Wi-Fi communication systems to be considered).

• • Spezifizierte Sende-Bandbreite = 22 MHz
• • Typische Sende-Bandbreite = 11 MHz. Dies ist der dominante Beitrag zu Interferenzen von einem WLAN-Kommunikationssystem zu anderen Systemen, wie bei der unter 5 betrachteten Anlage A.
• • Empfangs-Bandbreite = 17 MHz. Dies ist die für Interferenzen – beispielsweise von der betrachteten Anlage A – anfällige Bandbreite bei einem WLAN-Kommunikationssystem.

However, the frequency bands used in WLAN communication systems which are adjacent to the duplex communication systems considered here must be excluded from the groups of possible hopping frequencies in Appendix A. The WLAN specifications define WLAN center frequencies at 2407 MHz + CHNL_ID 5 MHz, with channels CHNL_ID ranging from 1 to 13. The relevant bandwidths are:

• • Specified transmit bandwidth = 22 MHz
• Typical transmission bandwidth = 11 MHz. This is the dominant contribution to interference from a WLAN communication system to other systems, such as the under 5 considered plant A.
• • Receive bandwidth = 17 MHz. This is the bandwidth for a WLAN communication system that is susceptible to interference, for example from the considered installation A.

If Interference from facility A to a WLAN communication system are the main reception bandwidth of 17 MHz of importance.

In the 1a , b is the allocation between an integer FH sequence - a q-ary sequence expressed by a sequence of integers between 0 and q - 1 - and the permitted hopping frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz. The determined integer shall be converted into the currently applicable hopping frequency, taking into account the frequencies not permitted in Annex A (due to expected interference with a WLAN communication system) by means of a 1: 1 allocation, as described in 1b is exemplified for three assignments I, II, III.

In the following, the generation of FH sequences will be explained in more detail by means of two generation methods. In a first generation method, n _B subfrequency band pairs are identified which each have at least the duplex frequency spacing D whose subfrequency bands are non-overlapping and have a subfrequency band bandwidth n _I (at a frequency spacing of B _H = 1 MHz between hopping frequencies).

In the following, in the first generation method, the construction of sequences according to the document becomes IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 in two stages leads. In a first stage, a group n _B -ear sequences W _k is first determined according to the construction method of this document. The sub-frequency band sequence W _k is then used for the selection of the sub-frequency band for each jump. After selecting the sub-frequency band, a separate n determined _I -ary FH sequence X _i of the hop frequency index i within this part of the frequency band, wherein the sequence X _i in turn, according to the construction method according to the document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 is determined.

• 1. Es wird die Teilfrequenzband-Bandbreite (bei einem Frequenzabstand von 1 MHz zwischen zwei Sprungfrequenzen) n_I gewählt. Ein größeres n_I gestattet dabei einerseits zwar mehrere Variationen hinsichtlich der Uplink-Frequenzbelegung, was vorteilhaft zu geringerer Korrelation führt, verringert jedoch andererseits die Anzahl n_B der Teilfrequenzband-Paare (siehe nachstehenden Schritt 3.). Um die Konstruktionsverfahren für FH-Folgen beim Galois-Körper GF(n_I) von n_I Elementen nutzen zu können, sollte n_I entweder eine Primzahl oder eine ganzzahlige Potenz einer Primzahl sein. Weitere Einschränkungen betreffend die Hardware der Basisstation sind durch die Ziffern 4., 5. und 6. der vorstehend erläuterten Annahmen/Anforderungen gegeben. Zusammenfassend betrachtet impliziert dies, dass folgende Werte der Menge zugelassen sind: n_I ∊ {7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17}.
• 2. Es werden in der bei der Anlage A zugelassenen Frequenzen nicht überlappende Teilfrequenzbänder identifiziert.
• 3. Es werden alle Teilfrequenzband-Paare (innerhalb der bei der Anlage A zugelassenen Frequenzen) aufgelistet, die zumindest den Duplex-Frequenzabstand D = 22 MHz aufweisen. Die Anzahl dieser Teilfrequenzband-Paare ist mit n_B bezeichnet.
• 4. Falls n_B keine Primzahl oder eine Potenz einer Primzahl ist, wird n_B auf die nächste kleinere Ganzzahl herabgesetzt, welche diese Eigenschaften aufweist, d. h. n_B ∊ {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, .....}.
• 5. Es wird gemäß der Konstruktionsmethode nach dem Dokument IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, Seiten 719–724 eine Gruppe von Teilfrequenzband-Folgen W_k unter Verwendung eines Galois-Körpers GF(n_B) von n_B Elementen erzeugt. Es ergeben sich n_B verschiedene Teilfrequenzband-Folgen W_k, (wobei Teilfrequenzband-Index k = 0 ... n_B – 1) oder n_B – 1 verschiedene Teilfrequenzband-Folgen W_k (wobei Teilfrequenzband-Index k = 0 ... f_B – 2).
• 6. Es wird gemäß der Konstruktionsmethode nach dem Dokument IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, Seiten 719–724 eine Gruppe von Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i unter Verwendung eines Galois-Körpers GF(n_I) von n_I Elementen erzeugt (Sprungfrequenz-Index i innerhalb eines Teilfrequenzbandes). Es ergeben sich n_i verschiedene Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i (wobei Sprungfrequenz-Index i = 0 ... n_I – 1) oder n_I – 1 verschiedene Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i (wobei Sprungfrequenz-Index i = 0 ... n_I – 2).
• 7. Es werden die Teilfrequenzband-Folgen W_k und die Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i miteinander kombiniert. Die Downlink-Frequenz f_DL(FN) für eine bestimmte Rahmen-Nummer FN liegt im Teilfrequenzband W_k(FN) beim Sprungfrequenz-Index i von X_i(FN), wobei die in 1b skizzierte Zuteilung (siehe die Beispiele I, II, III) verwendet wird. Die Uplink-Frequenzen f_UL,u(FN) sind in demjenigen Teilfrequenzband, welches zu W_k(FN) gepaart ist, wie unter Schritt 3. erläutert (siehe die Paar-Identifikation zur Auffindung von Teilfrequenzband-Paaren). Für n_I > 7 und einen Frequenzabstand von 2 MHz zwischen den Uplink-Frequenzen ist der Sprungfrequenz-Index der u-ten Uplink-Frequenz (X_i(FN) + 2u) mod(n_I), mit u = 0 – 3.

The first generation process proceeds as follows in steps 1.-7. from:

• 1. The subfrequency band bandwidth (at a frequency spacing of 1 MHz between two hop frequencies) n _{I is} selected. On the one hand, a larger n _I on the one hand permits several variations with regard to the uplink frequency assignment, which advantageously leads to lower correlation, but on the other hand reduces the number n _{B of} the subfrequency band pairs (see step 3 below). In order to be able to use the construction methods for FH sequences in the Galois body GF (n _I ) of n _I elements, n _{I should} either be a prime number or an integer power of a prime number. Further limitations regarding the base station hardware are given by the numbers 4, 5 and 6 of the assumptions / requirements explained above. In summary, this implies that the following values of the set are allowed: n _I ε {7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17}.
• 2. Non-overlapping sub-frequency bands are identified in the frequencies permitted at Annex A.
• 3. All sub-band pairs (within the frequencies permitted in Appendix A) are listed which have at least the duplex frequency spacing D = 22 MHz. The number of these sub-frequency band pairs is denoted by n _B.
• 4. If n _{B is} not a prime or a power of a prime number, then n _{B is} reduced to the next smaller integer having these properties, ie, n _B ∈ {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, .....}.
• 5. It will be according to the construction method according to the document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 generates a group of sub-frequency band sequences W _k using a Galois field GF (n _B ) of n _B elements. This results in n _B different sub-frequency band sequences W _k , (where sub-frequency band index k = 0 ... n _B - 1) or n _B - 1 different sub-frequency band sequences W _k (where sub-frequency band index k = 0). f _B - 2).
• 6. It is according to the construction method according to the document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 generates a group of hopping frequency sequences X _i using a Galois field GF (n _I ) of n _I elements (hopping frequency index i within a subfrequency band). This results in n _i different hopping frequency sequences X _i (where hopping frequency index i = 0 ... n _I - 1) or n _I - 1 different hopping frequency sequences X _i (where hopping frequency index i = 0 ... n _I - 2).
• 7. The subfrequency band sequences W _k and the hopping frequency sequences X _i are combined with one another. The downlink frequency f _DL (FN) for a particular frame number FN lies in the subfrequency band W _k (FN) at the hopping frequency index i of X _i (FN), where the in 1b Outlined allocation (see Examples I, II, III) is used. The uplink frequencies f _{UL, u} (FN) are in the subfrequency band which is paired to W _k (FN) as explained in step 3 (see the pair identification for finding subfrequency band pairs). For n _I > 7 and a frequency spacing of 2 MHz between the uplink frequencies, the hopping frequency index of the u-th uplink frequency (X _i (FN) + 2u) is mod (n _I ), where u = 0-3.

The last step 7 generates up to n _B · n _I different FH sequences. The cell specific FH sequence (for a particular cell C1, C2 ... of the communication system) is given by the subfrequency band index k and the hopping frequency index i, for example by the arbitration Cell identification cell_id = 10 · k + i.

For a given frame number FN, the downlink frequency f _DL and the uplink frequencies f _ULi result from the FH sequence.

If the periods of the sequences W _k and X _i correspond to the number n _B and the number n _I , then the period of the combined FH sequence is the least common multiple of n _B and n _I.

• • Gegeben sei z. B. n_B = q = 5, d. h. die Menge der Ganzzahlen ist {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
• • Folge W₁ der Länge 4: [1 2 3 4]
• • Folge W₃ wird erzeugt gemäß der Operation W₃ = W₁ × 3 mod 5 = [3 1 4 2]

Below is a simple example concerning step 5 of the first generation process:

• • Given z. Eg n _B = q = 5, ie the set of integers is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
• • sequence W ₁ of length 4: [1 2 3 4]
• • sequence W ₃ is generated according to operation W ₃ = W ₁ × 3 mod 5 = [3 1 4 2]

2 shows in the form of a table examples of the resulting parameters, such as number of hops frequencies of a subfrequency band n _I , number of subfrequency band pairs n _B , number of (downlink) frequencies n _I * n _B to the first generation method. It is assumed that the frequencies permitted in Appendix A do not include WLAN channels 1 and / or 6:
In Example No. 5 z. B. the WLAN channel 1 with its bandwidth 11 MHz excluded from the permitted frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz. Given a sub-band bandwidth of 7 MHz (which allows seven different hopping frequencies with a frequency spacing of 1 MHz) result in eight sub-frequency band pairs, resulting in a number 8 × 7 = 56 different downlink frequencies.

At the Example no. 13 is z. B. the WLAN channel 6 with its bandwidth 17 MHz from the allowed frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz excluded. When specifying a subfrequency band bandwidth 11 MHz (which eleven different hopping frequencies with a frequency spacing 1 MHz allows), there are four sub-frequency band pairs, resulting in a number of 4 × 11 = 44 different downlink frequencies leads.

For example, No. 14 will open 4 including figure description referenced.

At the Example No. 20 will be e.g. B. the WLAN channels 1, 6 with bandwidths 17 MHz from the allowed frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz excluded. When specifying a subfrequency band bandwidth 7 MHz (which is seven different hop frequencies with a frequency spacing 1 MHz allows) two sub-frequency band pairs, resulting in a number 2 × 7 = 14 different downlink frequencies leads.

The second generation method uses one-step generation of FH sequences. For example, if the downlink frequencies are not like the Uplink frequencies used different sub-frequency bands at the downlink frequencies can be any at the facility A permitted frequency to be used, d. H. the downlink subfrequency band then contains only a single jump frequency. The associated Uplink subfrequency bands are then used for the "pair identification" according to the requirements regarding duplex frequency spacing selected from the group of frequencies authorized at Annex A.

• 1. Es wird die Teilfrequenzband-Bandbreite n_I gewählt. Die vorstehenden Erläuterungen zum ersten Erzeugungsverfahren unter Schritt 1. sind auch hier relevant.
• 2. Aus der bei der Anlage A zugelassenen Frequenzen wird die nächste zugelassene Downlink-Frequenz f_DL ausgewählt.
• 3. Für diese Downlink-Frequenz f_DL wird aus der bei der Anlage A zugelassenen Frequenzen ein Uplink-Teilfrequenzband ausgesucht, welches mindestens den Duplex-Frequenzabstand D = 22 MHz oberhalb oder unterhalb der Downlink-Frequenz f_DL aufweist.
• 4. Ausgehend von Schritt 2. werden alle zugelassenen Downlink-Frequenzen f_DL betrachtet – siehe Schritt 3. Die Anzahl der dabei aufgefundenen Paare, beste hend aus einer Downlink-Frequenz und eines Uplink-Teilfrequenzbands, wird mit n_F bezeichnet.
• 5. Falls n_F keine Primzahl oder eine ganzzahlige Potenz einer Primzahl ist, wird n_F auf die nächste kleinere Ganzzahl herabgesetzt, welche diese Eigenschaft aufweist, d. h. n_F ∊ {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, .....}
• 6. Es wird gemäß der Konstruktionsmethode nach dem Dokument IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, Seiten 719–724 eine Gruppe von Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i unter Verwendung eines Galois-Körpers GF(n_F) von n_F Elementen erzeugt.
• 7. Die Gruppe von Sprungfrequenz-Folgen X_i wird den aktuellen Frequenzen der Gruppe der für die Anlage A zugelassenen Frequenzen zugeteilt. Die Downlink-Frequenz f_DL für eine bestimmte Rahmen-Nummer FN wird aus X_i(FN) zugeteilt, wie in 1a, b dargestellt. Das hierzu korrespondierende Uplink-Teilfrequenzband wird gemäß der vorstehend unter Schritt 3. (Aufsuchen von Uplink-Teilfrequenzbändern) erläuterten Art und Weise ermittelt. Der Sprungfrequenz-Index der u-ten Uplink-Frequenz f_UL,u wird gemäß der vorstehend unter Schritt 7. des ersten Erzeugungsverfahrens erläuterten Art und Weise ermittelt.

The second generation process proceeds as follows in steps 1.-7. from:

• 1. The subfrequency band bandwidth n _{I is} selected. The above explanations of the first generation method in step 1 are also relevant here.
• 2. From the frequencies permitted at Annex A, the next approved downlink frequency f _{DL is} selected.
• 3. For this downlink frequency f _DL , an uplink subfrequency band is selected from the frequencies permitted at system A which has at least the duplex frequency spacing D = 22 MHz above or below the downlink frequency f _DL .
• 4. Starting from step 2, all allowed downlink frequencies f _{DL are} considered - see step 3. The number of pairs found thereby, consisting of a downlink frequency and an uplink frequency band, is denoted by n _F.
• 5. If n _{F is} not a prime or an integer power of a prime number, then n _{F is} reduced to the next smaller integer having this property, ie n _F ε {2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 , 13, 16, .....}
• 6. It is according to the construction method according to the document IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 generates a group of hopping frequency sequences X _i using a Galois body GF (n _F ) of n _F elements.
• 7. The group of hopping frequency sequences X _i is allocated to the current frequencies of the group of frequencies permitted for the system A. The downlink frequency f _DL for a particular frame number FN is allocated from X _i (FN) as in 1a , b shown. The corresponding uplink subfrequency band is determined in accordance with the manner explained above in step 3. (Searching uplink sub-frequency bands). The hopping frequency index of the u-th uplink frequency f _{UL, u} is determined according to the manner explained above in step 7 of the first generation method.

According to step 6, n _F or n _F - 1 different FH sequences are generated, ie cell identification cell_id = 0 ... n _F - 1 or cell identification cell_id = 0 ... n _F - 2. Each sequence has - dependent from the construction method - a period of n _F or n _F - 1 frame.

3 shows in the form of a table examples of the resulting parameters, such as the number n _{F of} the "subfrequency band pairs" for the second generation method admitted frequencies do not include WLAN channels 1 and / or 6. In the column "Number of sub-frequency band pairs" is in each case "-" registered, since the second generation method in the strict sense, not pairs of sub-frequency bands are considered, but it "pairs" are identified, each on the one hand a single jump frequency (for downlink) and This is a difference between the first and second generation methods since, in the first generation method, each of the two sub-frequency bands of a pair actually has multiple hopping frequencies second generation method, however, "number of (downlink) frequencies" = n _F = number of "sub-frequency band pairs".

At the Example No. 26 will be e.g. B. the wireless channels 1 and 6 with a bandwidth 17 MHz from the allowed frequencies between 2401 MHz and 2479 MHz excluded. When specifying a subfrequency band bandwidth 7 MHz (which is seven different hop frequencies with a frequency spacing 1 MHz) results in eighteen different ones Downlink frequencies.

A comparison between the first and second generation procedures gives the following:
The second generation method has a finer quantization, since it is not based on non-overlapping sub-frequency bands and therefore can use more frequencies from the group of frequencies permitted at the A-unit. The one-step generation of FH sequences by means of a Galois body GF (n _F ) of n _F elements ensures that downlink FH sequences only meet at a single point (one-coincident, "one-coincident") , ie, have a Hamming distance "0" only once per period. However, some FH sequences do not have the minimum frequency spacing greater than 1 MHz between hop frequencies of consecutive frames compared to a given frequency spacing n _I in the first generation method.

At the Second generation methods may use some uplink subfrequency bands overlap with different downlink frequencies when pairing. In the first generation method, different downlink subfrequency bands form Pairs with different non-overlapping uplink frequency bands. These differences mainly affect interference between different uplink signals. Continuous downlink signals however, interference within a cell dominates.

d

= Sprungfrequenz bei der Downlink-Frequenz (z. B. Sende-Teilfrequenzband),

u

= Sprungfrequenz bei der Uplink-Frequenz (z. B. Empfangs-Teilfrequenzband):

x

= zugelassene Frequenzen

D

= Duplex-Frequenzabstand

6

= nicht zugelassene Frequenz, da ein benachbarter WLAN-Kanal 6 existiert

4 shows a simple example for the "graphic" explanation of the permitted / unauthorized frequencies, sub-frequency band pairs, center frequencies, duplex frequency spacing, where the following symbols are used:

d

= Jump frequency at the downlink frequency (eg transmit subfrequency band),

u

= Hop frequency at the uplink frequency (eg, receive subfrequency band):

x

= approved frequencies

D

= Duplex frequency spacing

6

= unauthorized frequency, since an adjacent WLAN channel 6 exists

The frequencies available for equipment A are those frequencies that are not used by a neighboring WLAN system. The example shows the n _B = 8 subfrequency band pairs corresponding to No. 14 in 2 , The duplex frequency spacing in this example is D> 40 MHz.

in the Following is the case that deals with duplex transmission has different utilization in the downlink DL and in the uplink UL and thus asymmetrical. In such asymmetric transmissions it is lower in the duplex transmission direction Utilization possible, occasionally selected frequency bands to use without causing significant interference with others adjacent systems causing the same frequency bands to use. It may depend on the expected Utilization in one of the duplex transmission directions - downlink DL, uplink UL - different, selected subfrequency bands to be used. For example, if it is known that in the transmission direction Downlink DL is a high workload, which should be for Downlink used sub-frequency bands do not overlap with frequencies, which reserved for another adjacent system are. If, for example, in the transfer direction Uplink UL only low utilization can be expected for this transmission direction uplink UL such reserved frequencies for another adjacent system occasionally used. This procedure ensures on the one hand low interference between different systems, on the other hand, in the transmission direction with less Utilization the use of available frequency bands in an unnecessary way.

For that in the 5 shown duplex communication system is due to the permanently required synchronization of nodes (sensors and / or actuators) S1, S2, S3, for example, a high utilization in the transmission direction downlink DL to expect.

Under Consideration of this asymmetric utilization in duplex transmission results from the sequence of steps explained above 1st-4th for generating a group of FH jump frequency sequences First, a change to the effect that the "given available frequency bands "not with those Frequency bands may overlap which reserved for other neighboring systems. These Restriction applies in step 1. but only for the sub-frequency band of a sub-frequency band pair, in which A high workload is expected, typically for Downlink DL. This restriction does not apply to that subfrequency band of a pair of possible subfrequency bands, where low utilization is expected, typically for uplink UL. This subfrequency band may well with overlap those frequency bands which reserved for other neighboring systems.

• 8. Wenn eine Übertragungsrichtung der Duplex-Übertragung – typischerweise Uplink – eine geringe Auslastung hat, sind für diese Übertragungsrichtung Frequenzen erlaubt, welche mit denjenigen Frequenzen überlappen, welche für weitere benachbarte Systeme reserviert sind. Grund hierfür ist, dass die durch solche Übertragungen (bei welchen das Duplex-Kommunikationssystem und das weitere benachbarte System dieselben Frequenzen benutzen) erzeugten Interferenzen vernachlässigbar sind.

Taking into account the asymmetric load in the duplex transmission results in the above under the numbers 1.-7. An explanation of the assumptions / requirements on which the two exemplary embodiments or production methods are based is given below in Section 8:

• 8. If a transmission direction of the duplex transmission - typically uplink - has a low load, frequencies that overlap with those reserved for other neighboring systems are allowed for this transmission direction. This is because the interference generated by such transmissions (in which the duplex communication system and the other adjacent system use the same frequencies) are negligible.

Under Attention to asymmetric utilization in duplex transmission results in the above under the steps 1.-7. an explanation of the first production methods explained with regard to the third step, that in the case of a subfrequency band pair only the part frequency band operating at high utilization - typically Downlink - the criterion "within" at the Appendix A approved frequencies ", while the low utilization subfrequency band - typically uplink - any may have a different frequency, of course in the thus formed sub-frequency band pair, the predetermined duplex frequency spacing D = 22 MHz must be fulfilled.

In 6 an example of asymmetric utilization in duplex transmission to the first generation method is shown. Since in this example for uplink frequencies are also permitted using an adjacent WLAN channel, there are five different sub-band frequencies instead of only two sub-band pairs which result when the frequencies of the adjacent WLAN channel for the equipment A are generally not allowed. The additionally resulting three subfrequency band pairs are marked with arrows.

Under Attention to asymmetric utilization in duplex transmission results in the above under the steps 1.-7. complemented by the second generation procedure with regard to the third step, that in the case of a subfrequency band pair only the high frequency subfrequency band - typically Downlink - the criterion "within" at the Appendix A approved frequencies ", while the low utilization subfrequency band - typically uplink - any may have a different frequency, of course in the thus formed sub-frequency band pair, the predetermined duplex frequency spacing D = 22 MHz must be fulfilled.

In 7 an example of an asymmetric load in the duplex transfer to the second generation method is shown. The additional possible sub-band pairs are shown which result when the frequencies of the adjacent WLAN channel for the uplink facility A (here the low utilization duplex transmission direction) are allowed.

Note 1:

To the property "one-coincident" a simple example:
The sequences [0 1 2 3 4 5 6] and [6 5 4 3 2 1 0] are "one-coincident", since 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ↑ only once - here at 3 - meet each other. This also applies to any cyclic shift (permutation) of the consequences, eg. B. results in the cyclic shift of the second sequence by two places 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 ↑,

The Episodes also meet only once - here at 4 - on each other and are therefore coincidental.

Note 2:

through a mod b will generally be the division remainder for integer division determined, for example 0 mod 4 = 0; 1 mod 4 = 1; 2 mod 4 = 2; 3 mod 4 = 3; 4 mod 4 = 0; 5 mod 4 = 1; 6 mod 4 = 2; ....

A

investment

AE

automation equipment

BS1, BS2 ...

base stations a communication system

B _H

Jump frequency bandwidth = Frequency spacing between two jump frequencies

B _s

bandwidth a subfrequency band

cell_id

Cell identification

C1, C2 ...

cell a duplex communication system

CHNL_ID

channels in a wireless communication system

d

Jump frequency index at the downlink frequency

D

Duplex frequency spacing

DL

Downlink: from the base station to the single node

FH

Frequency hopping

f _DL

Downlink frequency

f _{UL, u}

u-th Uplink frequency (hopping frequency index)

i

Jump frequency index of the sequence X _i

FN

Frame number (for TDMA communication)

k

Subfrequency band index of the sequence W _k

n

number the possible hopping frequencies

n _B

number the subfrequency band pairs

n _F

number the "subfrequency band pairs"

n _I

number different hopping frequencies of a subfrequency band = subfrequency band bandwidth at a frequency spacing of 1 MHz between two hopping frequencies

p

Prime number

q

integer = Number of elements in the set = number of jump frequencies = Length of a sequence

S1, S2, S3 ....

node (Sensors or actuators)

u

number the uplink frequency

UL

uplink: from a node to the base station

W _k

n _B- ary sequence, subfrequency band sequences with subfrequency band index k

X _i

n _I- ary sequence, hopping frequency sequences with hopping frequency index i

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 10334873 A1 [0002, 0003]
• - DE 10211235 A1 [0011, 0012]

Cited non-patent literature

• - JG Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 1983, Section 8.3, pp. 580-587 [0005]
• AA Shaar and PA Davies, "A survey of one-coincidence sequences for frequency-hopped spread spectrum spectrum systems", IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, No. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0006]
• - K. Dostert, Powerline Communications, Francis Verlag GmbH Poing, 2000, pages 116-123 [0007]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0014]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0030]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0033]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0039]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0039]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0040]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0040]
• IEE Proceedings, Vol. 131, Part F, no. 7, December 1984, pages 719-724 [0050]

Claims (10)

A method for generating frequency-hopping frequency sequences in a duplex wireless communication system in selected frequency bands, 1) wherein first sub-band pairs are identified according to the following pair identification: 1a) at least one of the two sub-frequency bands of a pair completely includes some hopping frequencies simultaneously can be active and which at least one predetermined frequency distance (B _H) from one another, 1b) is used at each frequency sub-band pair of a partial frequency band as a transmit sub-frequency band and a partial frequency band as the receive subband, 1b) have within each frequency sub-band pair, the transmitter Partial frequency band and the receive subfrequency band at least one predetermined duplex frequency spacing (D), 1d) the individual subfrequency band pairs differ from each other by their center frequencies, 2) wherein a frequency hopping sequence as a result for a given transmission Übertragungsstrec 3), wherein after each change of the clock signal of a frequency hopping clock, the next element of this transmission link-specific frequency hopping sequence is assigned to the center frequency of the transmission frequency band, 4) as receiving associated with this change of the clock signal Sub-frequency band that sub-frequency band is selected, which has been combined with the transmit sub-frequency band corresponding to the pair identification to a sub-frequency band pair. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the elements of the frequency hopping sequence are integers. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that after determination of the center frequencies of the sub-frequency band pairs Jump frequencies are defined within a subfrequency band, which can be used in a transmission. Method according to claim 3, characterized that these hopping frequencies within a frequency band by means of a separate preferably integer frequency hopping sequence be determined. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the frequency hopping sequence is obtained in two stages, where in a first stage, the center frequencies of the sub-frequency bands be determined and in a second stage a hop frequency index is determined within the relevant subfrequency band. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that of adjacent communication systems used frequency bands from those considered in the wireless Duplex communication system excluded frequencies allowed become. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency hopping sequences for different transmission links chosen be that they have minimal cross-correlation. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the number of found sub-frequency band pairs (n _B , n _F ) is reduced to the next smaller integer, which is a prime number or an integer power of a prime number. Method according to one of claims 1-3 or 6-8, characterized in that a subfrequency band has only one jump frequency in a sub-frequency band pair. Method according to Claim 6, characterized that at asymmetric utilization of the duplex transmission the frequencies used by adjacent communication systems only for the duplex transmission direction with high utilization excluded, for the duplex transmission direction However, be used with low utilization.