DE102007058538A1 - Method for controlling a hazardous situation in traffic - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling a dangerous situation (40) in traffic in which a number of vehicles (44, 46) are involved, in which for each vehicle (44, 46) by a respective in the vehicle (44, 46) arranged Module (48) at least one alternative (50, 52, 54, 56) for a trajectory to avoid at least one obstacle (42) is determined and in which the alternatives (50, 52, 54, 56) for at least two vehicles (44 , 46) are interchanged with one another by means of the modules (48) arranged in the vehicles (44, 46) and an alternative (50, 52, 52) for each vehicle (44, 46) with mutual coordination of the alternatives (50, 52, 54, 56) , 54, 56) is selected for the trajectory.

Description

The The invention relates to a method for controlling a dangerous situation in traffic, a module for controlling a dangerous situation in traffic, a computer program and a computer program product.

State of the art

to Improve road safety different measures are taken. This is of motor vehicle manufacturers and suppliers a development of Systems for vehicles having a threat of collision Vehicle should be avoided.

at a so-called emergency brake assistant is using different sensor data for a vehicle determines whether on a forecast Trajectory of the vehicle threatens a collision. In this case, the automatic emergency brake assist warn the driver or automatically initiate an emergency stop.

For the case that a collision by an emergency stop is no more is avoidable, can a so-called evasion assistant from possible Alternatives determine a preferred alternative corridor. This Fallback corridor is either signaled to the driver or the Dodge Assistant controls the vehicle automatically Steering movements and targeted braking of individual wheels in the calculated alternative corridor.

Furthermore are systems that allow wireless communication of different vehicles allow each other (Car to Car Communication or C2C-C or Inter Vehicle Communication- or IVC) known. Purpose of these systems is, among other things, the warning of obstacles in the direction of travel such as traffic jams, accident vehicles, etc.

A data transmission device for a cooperative data exchange between mobile objects, for example of vehicles, is from the document DE 10 2005 018 301 B4 known. In this case, it is provided that geographical data relating to a position of the mobile objects, a storage time, communication data, movement data of the objects and / or status data of the objects are stored. Furthermore, at least one parameter of a static and / or dynamic state of at least one mobile object can be determined. This data transfer device serves as a central collection of data to reconstruct a particular event, such as an accident, based on the collected data collected from multiple mobile objects directly and indirectly involved in the event.

The publication WO 2007/034387 A2 relates to a method for providing communication between a plurality of mobile devices, each forming an instantaneous network. Here, it is taken into account that the individual mobile devices are designed to carry out different applications, whereby such applications depend on a possibility of data processing and a possibility of how much data can be exchanged within the network. A decision is made as to which application is preferably performed in a respective mobile device, wherein priority is given to potentially executable applications by exchanging information between the mobile devices.

Disclosure of the invention

The inventive method is for controlling a dangerous situation in traffic involving a number of vehicles is involved. The procedure is for each Vehicle by a module arranged in the vehicle at least an alternative to a trajectory to evade determined at least one obstacle. Besides, these are determined alternatives for at least two vehicles through the modules arranged in the vehicles with each other Communication exchanged. When performing the procedure is also provided that for each vehicle under mutual Alignment of alternatives an alternative for the trajectory is selected.

By the mutual coordination of the modules within the vehicles with each other the danger situation can be avoided optimally, whereby a further development this dangerous situation through the cooperating Modules controlled and thus controlled and / or regulated.

With the method can, for example, be achieved by providing suitable Alternatives to trajectories for dodging collisions be avoided between vehicles. If collisions in unfavorable Cases can not be avoided the vehicles by providing the mutually coordinated and selected alternatives are controlled in such a way that inevitable collisions and accidents run as smoothly as possible, leaving two vehicles For example, only strip, instead of head-on approach each other or in succession.

Accordingly, in an embodiment of the invention It is envisaged that prioritization of the alternatives will be taken into account in the mutual coordination of the alternatives between the modules. In this case, a ranking can be determined for the alternatives that are determined for each vehicle. This ranking may depend on how severe the damage expected to the vehicle is when implementing this alternative. In mutual coordination and selection of suitable alternatives for all participating vehicles, among other things, all prioritizations are compared, so that a total damage to be expected for the vehicles involved is minimal.

at the at least one obstacle facing the vehicles involved should be able to dodge, it may be a stationary facility, for example, a tree or a street lamp, but also to others Road users who typically do not comply with the intended Modules suitable for carrying out the method are equipped. Thus, it can be an obstacle too to act as a stagnant or stagnant vehicle due to the lack of the module can not actively participate in the process.

In In another embodiment, the alternatives for the Trajectories typically evaluated collectively by the modules. It can be checked by the modules, among others Become a preferred alternative for the trajectory to dodge, which determines for at least a first vehicle will, with a preferred alternative for the trajectory to dodge that for at least a second vehicle is determined, cuts or crosses or at least touched. This would mean that through the identified alternatives For the involved vehicles, although an avoidance of an obstacle is possible, but that the vehicles involved with each other collide and thus at least strip, if they are in particular the preferred alternatives in the trajectory to evade should follow. To avoid such a collision through the alternatives, intended to evade the obstacle, To avoid this, the modules can interact with each other vote that, for example, a first vehicle instead of the preferred one Alternative another alternative for the trajectory to evade followed, leaving a second vehicle for this second Vehicle intended to pursue preferred alternative. For this can the prioritization, for example, according to a severity of anticipated damage.

Therefore is in a variant of the procedure by mutual agreement at least one module for the trajectory of that vehicle, in which this at least one module is arranged, instead of the preferred one Alternative choose another alternative.

In Another variant will be in the vote of the modules with each other the alternatives compared to each other, with the alternatives be weighed each other, so that a minimal total damage for the participating vehicles is expected, if despite Provide the alternatives for the trajectory a collision involved vehicles.

To the Detecting a current dangerous situation in traffic is provided that the dangerous situation for the modules for every vehicle is sensory detected. Based on the sensory Hazardous situation will continue to be the alternatives for the trajectory to avoid the at least one obstacle determined. The procedure is regularly a current dangerous situation in traffic, one Further development of the danger situation arises under consideration of the Alternatives.

in the The method thus becomes a coordinated evasion of several trained as vehicles road users while avoiding Obstacles as well as mutually agreed dodging. Thus, to control or master the danger situation for every vehicle is a suitable alternative for the trajectory thus for a suitable route for a or mutually agreed Dodge provided.

Farther can be between the modules next to the identified alternatives also information about the dangerous situation in traffic be replaced. Thus, for a module in one first vehicle by communicating with a second module in one second vehicle the overview of the dangerous situation be increased in traffic.

Therefore can overcome the obstacles in the dangerous situation sensory and / or communicative.

The invention further relates to a module for controlling a dangerous situation in traffic in which a number of vehicles are involved. This module is to be arranged in a first vehicle and configured to determine at least one alternative for a trajectory for avoiding at least one obstacle for the first vehicle. Furthermore, the module is designed to transmit this at least one alternative to at least one second module in at least one second vehicle and to receive from this at least one second module at least one determined alternative for a trajectory of this at least one second vehicle. Besides, that is Module adapted to tune the alternatives together with the at least one second module, which is arranged in the at least one second vehicle in order to select alternatives for the trajectory of the first vehicle with the at least one second module.

This Module can have at least one sensor to detect the dangerous situation or at least with a sensor of the vehicle in which This module is arranged, interact and thus the dangerous situation to capture. Furthermore, this module can at least one communication device to provide wireless communication with other modules or at least with such a communication device interact within the vehicle. About this communication device is it possible for the module to share information with other modules the dangerous situation as well as the identified alternatives for exchanges the trajectories and thus communicates with other modules.

Farther the module can at least one control device and thus a Have control and / or regulating device, wherein it with a Such control device is possible, the trajectory for Dodge a vehicle in front of an obstacle through control and thus influenced by control and / or regulation. With this Control device can be actuators within the vehicle be charged. Thus, it is possible through the control device at least one actuator designed for steering and / or at least a trained for braking at least one wheel actuator for Provision of the selected alternative for to apply the trajectory, so that the vehicle in appropriate Way is steered or braked. The module described can with such a control device outside this Module may be arranged to cooperate in a further embodiment. Within this described module, at least partly also functions of a so-called emergency brake assistant and / or evasive assistants.

The described module is designed to take all the steps of the presented procedure. It can individual steps of this process also of individual components of the Module be performed. Furthermore, functions can the device or functions of individual components of the device be implemented as steps of the procedure.

The Method is typically by at least one described Module feasible. Thus, several can with each other interacting modules arranged in different vehicles are and mutual information, especially about the identified alternatives, exchange the procedure together. In a selection of each one alternative for the trajectory to Dodge a vehicle, the modules also exchange information out.

The Invention further relates to a computer program with program code means, to perform all the steps of a described method, if the computer program on a computer or equivalent Arithmetic unit, in particular in a described module executed becomes.

The Computer program product according to the invention with program code means, which are stored on a computer-readable medium, is to perform all steps of a described Process trained when the computer program on a computer or a corresponding arithmetic unit, in particular in a presented Module, is running.

The inventive method is thus total to control a traffic situation affecting the dangerous situation and in which a number of vehicles are involved. The method is for each vehicle by one arranged in the vehicle module at least one alternative for the trajectory and thus determined for a drive on. In addition, these identified alternatives for at least two vehicles through the modules arranged in the vehicles exchanged with each other through communication. When performing The procedure also provides for each vehicle with mutual agreement of the alternatives an alternative for the trajectory is selected.

With the invention is u. a. provided that the vehicles with each other through mutual communication (IVC or Inter Vehicle Communication) vote and, if possible, for a trajectory At least one vehicle different corridors, eg. Ausweichkorridore as an alternative to trajectories. This can be about the actual functionality the Dodge Assistant addition collisions avoided and accident numbers are lowered.

With In a refinement, the invention is a coordinated collision avoidance through communication between modules in vehicles involved in the procedure actively participate in the exchange of information.

Are affected by a dangerous situation with imminent impact multiple vehicles, z. B. parallel vehicles on the highway, there is a significant probability that various these vehicles choose the same alternative corridor. Lack of coordination can in many cases lead to collisions, which should actually be avoided by the evasion assistant.

each Module in a vehicle determined based on sensor data over Radar, video capture, GPS etc are provided, whether a dangerous situation is present. In addition, if necessary over the mutual Communication between the modules in other vehicles (IVC) and thus by detecting incoming information from other objects or road users, in particular other vehicles, for example of position data, motion vectors, etc. an overview of the prevailing traffic situation are provided.

A Hazard situation can, for example, be present if an unavoidable Collision with at least one obstacle in the direction of travel while maintaining its own predicted alternative for the trajectory is expected, with a strong lag or a strong steering intervention for collision avoidance necessary is. Furthermore, incoming position data from close in the direction of travel standing or very slowly moving objects, for example. Of Vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

Either parallel to a feasible communication and thus continuously or when a dangerous situation is detected, the possible alternatives for avoiding or reducing a collision calculated with obstacles or other road users.

each possible anti-collision maneuvers caused by a Trajectory can be implemented by coordinated steering, Braking or accelerating at least semi-automatically, typically automatically by direct or indirect admission be achieved by the module.

The calculated alternative and thus alternative trajectories for Anti-collision maneuvers are evaluated. The rating will in an embodiment on the basis of an extent for the respective anticollision maneuvers predicted or expected damage, eg. No damage, slight damage to the vehicle, medium damage and minor injuries to passengers, serious damage and serious injury to the occupants, etc., and thus the Prioritization provided for the alternatives.

at Detecting a dangerous situation transmits a module of a vehicle a mutual exchange of information the calculated and / or evaluated alternatives for anti-collision maneuvers to at least one other module. To the wireless communication channel not to overburden, the number of information can be sent out Alternatives and thus trajectories for anti-collision maneuvers be limited. The order of the alternatives when sending out can be done on the basis of a commonly done together Assessment based on at least one prioritization can be done through all modules.

receives the vehicle promptly does not contradict modules of other road users it is the preferred, best rated alternative for the anti-collision maneuver one.

Farther will be at the time more alternatives for Anticollision maneuvers calculated on an ongoing basis and in specific Time intervals sent out.

receives a module of at least one other vehicle is the alternative for the anti-collision maneuvers or collision avoidance maneuvers a module of at least one other vehicle, it resembles this with your own alternative for anti-collision maneuvers or collision avoidance maneuvers.

For the case that your own preferred alternative for the Anticollision maneuver and the preferred alternative for the anticollision maneuver of the other vehicle is not contradict, d. H. no collision between the two vehicles too is expected, there is no further need for a vote. The own Vehicle now typically steers under control and thus control and / or regulation by the module, the preferred alternative for the maneuver or anti-collision maneuver.

If there is a contradiction, which usually means that The routes or trajectories that are used for multiple vehicles are provided, cross or cut, can be different Strategies for coordination are used.

So is it possible for a vehicle to be prioritized a similarly well-rated maneuver as an alternative used. In the event that the alternative maneuvers all are rated significantly worse, the vehicle contradicts by doing the self-preferred maneuver. As it also continuously the still possible alternative Maneuver sends out, it may be such another involved vehicle to choose another alternative. about Such basic behavior is another approach conceivable.

Different collision avoidance strategies are possible. It can be provided be that the vehicles choose consistent anti-collision maneuvers whose trajectories do not intersect. Furthermore, vehicles can travel behind each other in the same corridor with a time delay, in which case a preceding vehicle is possibly caused to extend the braking distance in order to prevent the vehicle from entering the corridor in the corridor. Other vehicles that do not need to avoid collision avoidance with stationary vehicles can be made to dodge.

Stands for two or more vehicles only a sufficient corridor available as collision avoidance strategies be provided that one of the vehicles is no longer quite sufficient Corridor, with the possible result of damage the outside mirror up to damage one Vehicle side, selects. In this case, the vehicle with the lower assumed or predicted impact velocity to be impacted on an obstacle.

The Behavior of road users who are at least not active for Implementation of a variant of the method is formed are, can not be influenced and must vote be taken for granted.

One another application example is the prevention of head-on collisions, the z. B. by ghost riders, agreements on their own track the counter lane, tangled driver with right hand traffic in the background Left-hand traffic and the like, can be caused. In such Situations, a non-cooperating Dodge Assistant can easily fail because the object to be dodged d. H. the oncoming one Vehicle, moving itself unpredictably and the drivers a little Time for a manual vote remains.

A such a hazardous situation in traffic is exacerbated by that by the almost double differential speed between two oncoming vehicles hardly have time to act. Agree in traffic in such a dangerous situation the two vehicles are coming together in one lane, the Dodge Assistants directly involving the wider environment, d. H. another Mutual traffic, etc. mutually off, let accidents through Avoid head-on collisions.

Further Advantages and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the Description and attached drawing.

It it is understood that the above and the following yet to be explained features not only in each case specified combination, but also in other combinations or can be used in isolation, without the scope of the present To leave invention.

Brief description of the drawings

1 shows a schematic representation of a first dangerous situation in traffic, in which a number of vehicles performs a first embodiment of a method according to the invention.

2 shows a schematic representation of a second dangerous situation in traffic, in which a number of vehicles executes a second embodiment of a method according to the invention.

embodiments the invention

The The invention is based on embodiments in the drawings schematically and will be described below with reference to the drawings described in detail.

1 shows a schematic representation of a first dangerous situation 2 in traffic, which is intended to be four vehicles 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 on a highway 80 a jam end 12 Here are six obstacles formed as vehicles 14 is formed, approach.

This highway 80 includes a hard shoulder 82 as well as a first lane 84 , a second lane 86 and a third lane 88 , A first and a fourth vehicle 4 . 10 drive on the second, middle lane 86 , A second vehicle 6 drives on the third, left lane 88 , A third vehicle 8th drives on the first, right lane 84 , Besides, the highway is 80 next to the third lane 88 through a center line plank 90 limited.

It is envisaged that each of the four vehicles 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 a module 16 having. Here is each of these modules 16 adapted to carry out steps of the embodiment of the method according to the invention described below.

The four vehicles 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 move on the three lane highway 80 on the jam end 12 to. The vehicles 4 . 6 and 10 is it in danger in traffic 2 no longer possible on their current lane 84 . 86 . 88 behind the obstacles ahead 14 to come to a halt without collision. In the present embodiment, each module calculates 16 in a vehicle 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 at least one alternative 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 for avoidance corridors and thus for a trajectory to avoid the obstacles 14 ,

Here the module calculates 16 of the first vehicle 4 the alternatives 18 . 20 , the module 16 of the second vehicle 6 calculates the alternative 22 , Through the module 16 of the third vehicle 8th become the alternatives 24 . 26 calculated for alternative corridors. The module 16 of the fourth vehicle 10 calculates the alternatives 28 . 30 for evasive corridors.

Without communicative coordination of the modules 16 among themselves, the likelihood is high that at least two of the vehicles 4 . 6 and 10 the alternatives 18 . 22 or 28 choose for fallback corridors and implement those alternatives 18 . 20 . 28 to a collision 32 of these vehicles 4 . 6 . 10 could come. It is similar with the vehicles 8th and 10 , With simultaneous choice of alternatives 24 and 30 it would be a collision 34 between these two vehicles 8th and 10 come.

By the mutual agreement of the alternative 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 for evasive corridors, however, in the case described here by the modules 16 for the vehicles 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 the alternatives 18 . 20 . 30 and 26 selected. In this case, the vote first allows the vehicle 8th performs an evasive maneuver to make a collision 34 with the fourth vehicle 10 or between the vehicles 10 and 4 or 6 to avoid.

A second dangerous situation 40 , in the 2 is shown schematically includes an accident between two vehicles and thus obstacles 42 on a crossroads 92 two intersecting streets 94 . 96 ,

These obstacles 42 approaching from two different directions a first vehicle 44 and a second vehicle 46 , Both vehicles 44 . 46 each have a module 48 to perform at least one step based on 2 presented variant of the method according to the invention.

The two approaching vehicles 44 and 46 irrespective of possible right of way, they must make an evasive maneuver, in turn causing a collision 60 . 62 among themselves and with the obstacles 42 to prevent. For the first vehicle 44 Here are the by the first vehicle 44 arranged module 48 alternatives 50 and 52 intended. For the second vehicle 46 be through the module 48 the alternatives 54 and 56 calculated. By voting, the modules can 48 of the vehicles 44 and 46 on selected uncritical alternatives 50 . 56 agree for alternate corridors, so that avoids the two vehicles 44 . 46 Continuing to continue driving to avoid the obstacles 42 along the selected alternatives 50 . 56 collide.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 102005018301 B4 [0006]
• WO 2007/034387 A2 [0007]

Claims (11)

Method for controlling a dangerous situation ( 2 . 40 ) in traffic, where a number of vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) in which, for each vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) by a respective one in the vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) module ( 16 . 48 ) at least one alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for a trajectory for avoiding at least one obstacle ( 14 . 42 ) and where the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for at least two vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) by the in the vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) arranged modules ( 16 . 48 ) and for each vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) with mutual agreement of the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) an alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) is selected for the trajectory. Method according to Claim 1, in which, in the case of mutual coordination, a prioritization of the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) is taken into account. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) through the modules ( 16 . 48 ) be rated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which by the modules ( 16 . 48 ), it checks whether an alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for the trajectory used for at least one first vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), with an alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for the trajectory required for at least one second vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), cuts. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which, after mutual coordination of at least one module ( 18 . 48 ) for the trajectory of that vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), in which this at least one module ( 16 . 48 ), rather than a preferred alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) another alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) is selected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) and comparing the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) are balanced against each other, so that a minimal total damage for the participating vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), despite the fact that alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for the trajectory a collision of involved vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) is to be expected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the dangerous situation in traffic ( 2 . 40 ) sensory and the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) on the basis of the recorded risk situation ( 2 . 40 ) be determined. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which between the modules ( 16 . 48 ) Information about the dangerous situation ( 2 . 40 ) be replaced. Module for controlling a dangerous situation ( 2 . 40 ) in traffic, where a number of vehicles ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), the module ( 16 . 48 ) in a first vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) and is adapted for the first vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) at least one alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for a trajectory for avoiding at least one obstacle ( 14 . 42 ) and at least one alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) to at least one second module ( 16 . 48 ) in at least one second vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) and from this at least one second module ( 16 . 48 ) at least one identified alternative ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for a trajectory for this at least one second vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ), the module ( 16 . 48 ) is further adapted to consider the alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) together with the at least one second module ( 16 . 48 ), which in the at least one second vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ) is arranged, and with the at least one second module ( 16 . 48 ) Alternatives ( 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 30 . 50 . 52 . 54 . 56 ) for the trajectory of the first vehicle ( 4 . 6 . 8th . 10 . 44 . 46 ). Computer program with program code means for carrying out all steps of a method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, when the computer program is stored on a computer or a corresponding arithmetic unit, in particular in a module ( 16 . 48 ) according to claim 9. A computer program product comprising program code means stored on a computer-readable medium for carrying out all the steps of a method according to one of claims 1 to 6, when the computer program is stored on a computer or a corresponding arithmetic unit, in particular in a module ( 16 . 48 ) according to claim 9.