DE102007056837A1 - Vacuum isolation element for thermal insulation of buildings, devices, refrigerating chambers, refrigerators, motor vehicles, airplanes, ships, has insulating material that defines multiple chambers - Google Patents

Abstract

The vacuum isolation element has an insulating material that defines multiple chambers. The insulating material has two elements, which are provided with a gas tight foil or a gas tight coating or made of a gas tight material. The elements are connected with each other in a gas tight manner. An independent claim is included for a method for manufacturing vacuum isolation element.

Description

The Invention / innovation relates to a vacuum insulating panel and its manufacturing process.

For thermal insulation of buildings, appliances, refrigerators, refrigerators, motor vehicles, aircraft, ships or the like so-called vacuum insulating panels (VIP) are used in addition to conventional insulation materials. Vacuum insulated panels are distinguished by their high heat-insulating properties compared to the thickness. Normally, a vacuum insulating panel consists of a compressed, microporous, powdery core material, which is gas-tightly packed and evacuated through a film. The vacuum achieves extremely high thermal insulation. A disadvantage of these vacuum insulating panels is that if the film is damaged, the vacuum can no longer be maintained throughout the system. In DE 10 2004 022 526 A1 For example, the static stability of the vacuum insulation panel is achieved by having a layer structure comprising a concrete layer and a composite panel consisting of a backing plate having at least one connected vacuum insulating panel.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a vacuum insulating panel as well its production method with the features of the preamble of claim 1, 19, 32, 38 and 42 such that it is economically feasible and high reproducibility guaranteed. It is another object of the invention To design a vacuum insulating panel such that it has a high degree of isolation and high stability and in case of partial damage substantially functional remains.

These The object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1, and by the features of the independent method claims 19, 32, 38 and 42 solved. Advantageous developments of Invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2-18, 20-31, 33-37, 39-41 and 43-47 respectively.

When Core of the invention, it is considered that the insulating material the vacuum insulating element consists of at least two elements, the, if necessary so with a gas-tight film or a gas-tight coating are provided, and with each other such are connected in a gastight manner, that the chambers formed independently formed gas-tight to each other and within the chambers a Vacuum or a thermally insulating gas or gas mixture is included. The independent gas-tight design of the individual chambers ensures a low Impairment of the entire vacuum insulation element at Damage to a single chamber. The flooding of the chamber with a heat-insulating gas or evacuation the chamber ensures a high heat insulating Effect. Due to the formation of the insulating material as a two-part Element, the production is greatly simplified, so only by the provision of two gastight films or coatings and two Insulating materials (which serve as a supporting structure) a structurally simple as well as inexpensive Vacuum insulating element can be manufactured. Furthermore Different methods are shown which are technically simple and cost-effective production of a vacuum insulating panel enable.

In Further development of the invention is the gas-tight coating Vaporization formed. This represents a manufacturing technology simple and at the same time effective method.

When Foil for gas-tight partitioning of the chambers to each other is one Dispersion film or a diffusion film or a high barrier film advantageous as these provide both a reliable gastightness, as well as for the gas-tight connection with another Disperse film or diffusion film or high barrier film suitable is.

Around a high degree of effectiveness for the vacuum insulation element To achieve, it is advantageous if the insulation material a low thermal conductivity and a high has static load capacity. For example, the insulation material a thermal conductivity of less than 0.03 W / mK (PU foam) exhibit. These insulation values are caused, among other things, by insulating materials such as PU foam, Styrofoam, carbon airgel achieved, the The materials listed above are also yours distinguish static stability.

The Insulating properties as well as the resistance against environmental influences of the vacuum insulation element can thereby be advantageously influenced by the chamber opposite surfaces of the insulating material at least a protective layer, in particular a metallic and / or waterproof Layer is attached. Such a layer offers both a mechanical, as well as a physical (insulating) protection against environmental wine flows such as strong heat phases or hail. Preferably, the protective layer is formed by an aluminum lamination.

If Within the chambers, a vacuum is provided, so this has more advantageous Assume a value of 50 to 99% vacuum. Alternatively you can in the chambers also heat-insulating gases or gas mixtures such as argon, and / or krypton.

The Wall thickness to the outside and / or inside of the Vacuum insulating element is preferably at least 5 mm. This dimensioning ensures sufficient Stability of the vacuum insulating element at the same time good thermal insulation properties. The minimum wall thickness to the individual evacuated chambers is preferably 2.5 mm, so that both a favorable force dissipation over reaches the surface of the insulating element, as well as a effective heat insulation between the individual chambers.

A further advantageous possibility the stability to increase at a constant volume of insulating material lies in the geometric design of the insulation material. Thus, by honeycomb, triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal, octagonal, circular and / or elliptical chambers formed on simple Way a higher stability can be achieved. Especially if these chambers are arranged regularly their processability and handling is simplified, because within the production or the assembly is not on a defined orientation the vacuum-insulating elements must be respected. To one favorable ratio of the number of chambers, the insulating effect as well as the stability within a vacuum insulation element To reach, has a rectangular, square or honeycomb-shaped Base area for the chambers proved to be advantageous.

The required insulation material can be characterized reduce that the lateral walls of the chambers a have constricted area. In addition to Material savings are also the potential thermal bridges reduced, as more vacuum than insulating material is available to prevent heat transfer.

In experiments, an advantageous chamber volume of 40-100 mm ^{3 has} resulted. Within these values a particularly favorable heat insulation as well as a high vacuum insulating panel stability was determined.

A particularly favorable embodiment of the vacuum insulating element provides that the longitudinal axis of the chambers parallel to Surface of the insulating material are aligned. For example, the chambers are cuboid and their longitudinal axes parallel to the surface aligned with the insulating material. Due to the longitudinal arrangement of Chambers is the number of partitions per unit area reduced, which is reflected in a reduced heat conduction.

The Vacuum-insulating element according to the invention leaves advantageous in a higher-level insulation structure integrate, for example, from a variety of in their Structure and / or choice of material different inventive Vacuum insulating elements is composed.

Further For example, the invention includes a method of making the above Vacuum insulating element through the following process steps. First, a gas-tight film is provided, which in a Deposit area of a profiled mold surface introduced is there and undergoes a transformation, so that the film in the substantially the profiled mold surface corresponding profile shape is deformed. This deformation of the film forms part of the later vacuum chambers; thus can now the film from a directed to the vacuum chamber inside the film A and one of the vacuum chamber repellent foil outside B can be distinguished. After deformation of the film becomes this preferably removed from the deposit area and on its outside film provided with an insulating material, preferably poured or is foamed back. Then at least two film inside such produced in the manner described connected to each other, that the profile emphasis on form the film inside gastight sealed chambers, the if this process step in a vacuum or with a Gas or gas mixture flooded space is running the Vacuum or the gas or gas mixture in the "chambers" is injected. This method allows for effective vacuum-insulating elements few parts, low production costs in a simple and cost-effective manner manufacture.

In A preferred embodiment is the reshaped film before pouring and / or foaming taken from the deposit area. This can be by a formally stable at least in phases Foil favored. The possibility of removal the film has the advantage that the for forming used mold surface during infusion and / or foaming already for a subsequent Forming step can be used. This will set the cycle time of the Shortened procedure.

If the film is heated before the forming step, this can take place with lower energy requirements. The forming tool must its deformation forces act against a lower resistance. Preferably, the film is heated to a temperature prior to forming preferably heated at least 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. To the film as early as possible from the Mold surface to remove and continue to cycle times it can be provided that the film during or cooled after the forming step. Therefor For example, they are just below the mold surface Heating and / or cooling channels arranged.

Around to further accelerate the manufacturing process and process reliability To increase, it is advantageous if the deposit area Has guiding and / or stop elements. these can for a reliable, defined and easy placement the film within the intended for their deposit area serve. Furthermore, it is advantageous, the film in the insert area temporarily to fix. On the one hand, this results in a more uniform process result on the other hand, the temporary fixation can "streamline" the film over the profiled molding surface area serve. For example, the film by means of clamping elements such as grippers temporarily be fixed. Alternatively, cohesive Connection types are chosen, such as the use a slow-setting adhesive and / or capillary action two level with a liquid wetted liquids.

A Another advantageous variant forms the temporary fixation the film by means of negative pressure, this can easily by correspondingly arranged vacuum nozzles on the mold surface be achieved.

If the forming process is carried out by deep drawing, this can for example by in the individual vacuum chambers arranged vacuum nozzles are running, by which a negative pressure is exerted on the film. there It has proven to be advantageous if for each a film inner side region forming the vacuum chamber at least a vacuum nozzle in the deposit area of the profiled Mold surface is provided.

In Advantageously, a plurality of vacuum nozzles are such arranged that in particular on the the top and bottom of the Vacuum chambers forming areas a negative pressure acts. The two Last features ensure both a good contour adjustment by the negative pressure on the top and bottom of the Vacuum chambers, as well as the possibility of a uniform, on the crucial surfaces of the film acting negative pressure to let act.

A particularly convenient connection of the two film sides by means of material connection, for example, by gluing, ultrasonic welding, UV welding, Heat welding, infrared welding, hot wire welding and / or pressing.

For The method results in two advantageous ways of handling the foil after the forming process. The former provides that the reshaped foil profile is held by the foil itself. The means that the stiffness of the film dimensioned so is that this holds its shape itself and without further aids the insulating material are applied can. This variant lacks further components. Alternatively or In addition to this, the formed film can be processed after the forming process, from a carrier, which is essentially the negative mold of the mold surface corresponds to be worn. In the supported by the carrier Location is then provided with the film with the insulating material, the stiffener (cures) and the foil shape ultimately is held by the insulating material. It is advantageous here that the film no "special" (stiffness) properties must meet, which are possible film materials thus selectable from a broader spectrum.

Next the possibility of the invention To achieve vacuum insulating element by incorporating a foil It is also within the scope of the inventive idea, the vacuum-insulating element with a gas-tight coating on at least one surface to provide. This is contrary to the procedure described above the insulating material first cast according to the chamber shape or deformed and the gas-tightness function over a later Coating at defined points of the surface of the Insulation ensured. The deprivation of the Film provides a less component-requiring and cost-effective Method is.

As described in the previous method are also used in the latter the gastight final connections of the chambers by means of material closure of achieved gas-tight surfaces. The fabric can here about gluing, ultrasonic welding, UV welding and / or pressing done.

Around the resistance to mechanical external Influences can increase in at least one the chambers facing away from the surface of the insulating material at least one protective layer, in particular a metallic layer be attached.

The Invention is based on embodiments in the drawing figures explained in more detail. These show

1 a schematic plan view of a mold surface;

2 a schematic side view of the mold surface;

3 a schematic side view of the insert of the film in the profiled insert area of the mold surface;

4 a schematic side view of the formed film on the mold surface;

5 a schematic plan view of the formed film;

6 a schematic side view of the removed formed film;

7 a schematic side view of the Dämmmaterialhnen with reshaped film;

8th a schematic side view of the vacuum insulating element consisting of two provided with insulating material converted films wherein one side is provided with a protective layer.

In drawing figure 8th is a vacuum insulating element 1 represented that from at least two elements 3a . 3b an insulating material 2 consists of, the elements with a gas-tight film 4 or coating 5 provided and connected to each other gas-tight. The formed chambers 6 are gas-tight independently of each other and contained in the chambers 6 a vacuum or a heat-insulating gas or gas mixture.

The process steps for obtaining a vacuum insulating element 1 with a foil 4 goes out of the drawing figures 2 - 4 and 6 - 8th out. First, a mold carrier 15 provided (cf. 2 ) on a slide 4 is applied (cf. 3 ). The foil 4 is preferably either by gravity, negative pressure generated from vacuum nozzles and / or an attached negative mold in a the molded body 15 shaped corresponding contour shape (see. 4 ). In the illustrated embodiment, the film is inherently dimensionally stable so that it comes from the mold carrier 15 can be removed and then with a damping material 2 is foamed back (cf. 7 .). This procedure is carried out twice and then with foil 4 and insulation material 2 provided vacuum-insulating element halves with their facing inner walls 10 . 10 ' merged and joined together, leaving the chambers 6 arise (cf. 8th ). The joining step takes place under a vacuum or a defined gas atmosphere, which then in the gas-tight chambers 6 "Trapped" remains and ensures good thermal insulation properties.

The geometry of the chambers of the illustrated embodiment points to the connecting webs 16 a constricted area 13 on, so that the chamber volume is as large as possible. Further, the chambers are 6 in their base area 12 square in longitudinal section, see drawing figures 1 and 5 , The vacuum insulating element shown there 1 includes five times four chambers 6 within an element 1 , The chambers 6 are furthermore with their longitudinal axes 14 parallel to the longitudinal extent of the vacuum insulating element 1 aligned.

In the in drawing figure 8th illustrated embodiment is a protective layer 8th on the chamber 6 remote surface 7 of insulating material 2 arranged. The minimum sidewall thickness 11 the interior walls 10 . 10 ' are in the area of connecting bridges 16 arranged.

1

Vacuum insulation element

2

insulation

3a, 3b

Element of 2

4

foil

5

coating

6

chamber

7

Surface of 2 (the chamber 6 away)

8th

protective layer

9 9 '

outer wall

10 10 '

inner wall

11

Minimum side wall thickness of 10

12

Footprint of 6

13

(constricted) area of 10

14

Longitudinal axis of 6

15

mold carrier

16 16 '

connecting web

A

Inside of 4

B

Outside of 4

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004022526 A1 [0002]

Claims (47)

Vacuum insulating element consisting of a multiple chambers ( 6 ) defining insulating material ( 2 ), characterized in that the insulating material ( 2 ) of at least two elements ( 3a . 3b ), which in such a way with a gas-tight film ( 4 ) or a gas-tight coating ( 5 ) or are made of a gas-tight material, and are gas-tightly connected to each other that the chambers formed ( 6 ) are gas-tight independently of each other and within the chambers ( 6 ) a vacuum or a heat-insulating gas or gas mixture is contained. Vacuum-insulating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-tight coating ( 5 ) is formed by vapor deposition. Vacuum insulating element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the film ( 4 ) is a dispersion foil, a diffusion foil or a high barrier foil. Vacuum insulating element according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the insulating material ( 2 ) has a low thermal conductivity and / or a high static load capacity. Vacuum insulating element according to claim 4, characterized in that the insulating material ( 2 ) has a thermal conductivity of 0.01 to 0.005 W / mK. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating material ( 2 ) is formed by PU foam, Styrofoam, glass fiber, rock wool, EPS, XPS, wood soft fiber, cellulose plates, cork, coconut, foam glass, Gogon Superdämmstoff, silica, airgel and / or plastic airgel. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to the chambers ( 6 ) facing away from the surface ( 7 ) of the insulating material ( 2 ) at least one protective layer ( 8th ), in particular a metallic and / or a waterproof layer ( 8th ) is attached. Vacuum-insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the chambers ( 6 ) a vacuum or gas or gas mixture of about 50 to 99% is present. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside the chambers ( 6 ) contained heat-insulating gas or gas mixture argon and / or krypton. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the walls ( 9 . 10 ) to the outside and / or inside of the vacuum insulating element ( 1 ) is at least 5 mm. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum sidewall thickness ( 11 ) to the individual evacuated chambers ( 6 ) is at least 2.5 mm. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers ( 6 ) Are honeycomb-shaped, triangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, circular and / or elliptical. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers ( 6 ) are arranged regularly. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chambers ( 6 ) a rectangular, honeycomb or square base ( 12 ) exhibit. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lateral walls ( 10 ) of the chambers ( 6 ) a constricted area ( 13 ) exhibit. Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the volume of a chamber ( 6 ) is between 40-100 cm ³ . Vacuum insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal axis ( 14 ) of the chambers ( 6 ) parallel to the surface ( 7 ) of the insulating material ( 2 ) are aligned. Vacuum-insulating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vacuum-insulating element ( 1 ) Forms part of a higher-level insulating structure. A method for producing a vacuum insulating panel for thermal and / or cold insulation, characterized by the following process steps: a) providing a gas-tight film b) inserting the gas-tight film in a deposit area of a profiled mold surface c) forming the film in the substantially profiled mold surface corresponding profile shape for parting of the vacuum chambers with a directed to the vacuum chambers film inside A and a repellent film outside B, d) infusion and / or foam back of the films outside B with an insulating material e) gas-tight connection of at least two film inside A, which were prepared according to steps a-d, such that by means of the profile of the formed film gas-tight chambers are formed, at least this process step is carried out within a vacuum or a noble gas atmosphere , Method according to claim 19, characterized that the formed film before pouring and / or Foaming step (d) - from the insert area is removed. Method according to claim 19 or 20, characterized that the film before the forming step c) - heated becomes. Method according to one of claims 19-21, characterized characterized in that the film before the forming step c) - heated to a temperature of 25 to 50 ° C. becomes. Method according to one of claims 19-22, characterized characterized in that the film during or after the forming step (c) is cooled. Method according to one of claims 19-23, characterized characterized in that the deposit area is management and / or stop elements. Method according to one of claims 19-24, characterized characterized in that the film in the deposit area temporarily is fixed. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that that the film in the insert area by means of clamping elements, Tissue closure and / or capillary action temporarily is fixed. Method according to claim 25, characterized in that that the film in the insert area by means of negative pressure temporarily is fixed. Method according to one of claims 19-27, characterized characterized in that the forming process step c) - the Foil is carried out by deep drawing. Method according to one of claims 19-28, characterized characterized in that the forming process step c) - means Underpressure especially in the area of the top and bottom the vacuum chambers forming areas is performed. Method according to claim 29, characterized that for each one forming the vacuum chamber Foil inner side region at least one vacuum nozzle provided in the insert region of the profiled mold surface is. Method according to one of claims 19-30, characterized characterized in that the vacuum insulating panel component forms a parent insulating structure. Method according to one of claims 19-31, characterized characterized in that the gas-tight connection of the film inside A-step e) - is achieved by means of material closure. A method according to claim 34, characterized that the fabric bond gluing, ultrasonic welding, UV welding, heat welding, infrared welding, Hot wire welding and / or pressing includes. A method according to any one of claims 19-33, characterized characterized in that the reshaped film profile through the film itself is held. Method according to one of claims 19-34. characterized in that the reshaped film after the forming process, from a carrier which is essentially the negative form of the Form surface corresponds, is worn. Method according to one of claims 19-35, characterized characterized in that the film by means of negative pressure on the carrier is held. A method according to any one of claims 19-36, characterized characterized in that facing away from at least one of the chambers Surface of the insulating material at least one protective layer, in particular a metallic layer is attached. Process for making a vacuum insulating panel for thermal and / or cold insulation by the following process steps: a) providing a profiled mold surface b) filling the profiled Mold surface with a Dämmmaterial c) Removal of the dimensionally stable solidified insulation material from the mold surface d) gas-tight coating at least a surface of the insulating material e) gas-tight Connection of at least two gastight surfaces, which were prepared after the steps a-d, such that means the profile of the urformed insulation gas-tight chambers be formed, wherein at least this method step within of a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere becomes. Method according to claim 38, characterized in that that the gas-tight connection of the gas-tight surface the insulating material step e) - achieved by means of material closure becomes. A method according to claim 39, characterized ge indicates that the material bond includes gluing, ultrasonic welding, UV welding, heat welding, infrared welding, hot wire welding and / or pressing. A method according to any one of claims 37-40, characterized characterized in that facing away from at least one of the chambers Surface of the insulating material at least one protective layer, in particular a metallic layer is attached. Process for making a vacuum insulating panel for thermal and / or cold insulation by the following process steps: a) providing a profiled mold surface b) filling the profiled Mold surface with a gas-tight material c) removal the dimensionally stable solidified gas-tight material from the mold surface d) gastight connection of at least two gastight surfaces, which were produced after the steps a-c, in such a way that by means of the profile of the urgeformten gas-tight material gas-tight chambers are formed, wherein at least this method step carried out within a vacuum or inert gas atmosphere becomes. Method according to claim 42, characterized that the gas-tight material by a gas-tight insulating material, preferably PU foam and / or plastic airgel is formed. Method according to claim 42, characterized that the gas-tight chambers in a Dämmmaterial be embedded. A method according to any of claims 42-44, characterized characterized in that the gas-tight connection of the gas-tight Surface of the insulating material step e) - by means of Material connection, is achieved. A method according to any one of claims 42-45, characterized characterized in that the material bond comprises gluing, ultrasonic welding, UV welding, heat welding, infrared welding, Hot wire welding and / or pressing includes. A method according to any one of claims 42-46, characterized characterized in that facing away from at least one of the chambers Surface of the insulating material at least one protective layer, in particular a metallic layer is attached.