DE102007055135A1 - Method for operating a fuel cell system - Google Patents
Method for operating a fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007055135A1 DE102007055135A1 DE102007055135A DE102007055135A DE102007055135A1 DE 102007055135 A1 DE102007055135 A1 DE 102007055135A1 DE 102007055135 A DE102007055135 A DE 102007055135A DE 102007055135 A DE102007055135 A DE 102007055135A DE 102007055135 A1 DE102007055135 A1 DE 102007055135A1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
- H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1247—Higher hydrocarbons
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- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/141—At least two reforming, decomposition or partial oxidation steps in parallel
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
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- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
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- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems (22), insbesondere eines SOFC-Brennstoffzellensystems, das zur Erzeugung von Brennstoffzellenbrenngas (46) zwei Reformer (10, 16) aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass von dem einen Reformer (10; 16) während einer Regenerationsphase erzeugtes Abgas zumindest zeitweise mit von dem anderen Reformer (16; 10) während einer Reformierungsphase erzeugtem Reformat gemischt wird, um Brennstoffzellenbrenngas (46) bereitzustellen.The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system (22), in particular an SOFC fuel cell system, which has two reformers (10, 16) for generating fuel cell combustion gas (46). According to the invention, exhaust gas generated by one reformer (10; 16) during a regeneration phase is at least temporarily mixed with reformate produced by the other reformer (16; 10) during a reforming phase to provide fuel cell fuel gas (46).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, insbesondere eines SOFC-Brennstoffzellensystems, das zur Erzeugung von Brennstoffzellengas zwei Reformer aufweist.The The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system, in particular a SOFC fuel cell system, comprising two reformers for generating fuel cell gas.
Brennstoffzellensysteme dienen der Erzeugung von Elektrizität und Wärme aus Kohlenwasserstoffen, beispielsweise aus Diesel oder Benzin. Um das für den Betrieb eines Brennstoffzellenstapels erforderliche wasserstoffreiche Gas zur Verfügung zu stellen, wird üblicherweise ein Reformer eingesetzt, dem Brennstoff und Luft zugeführt werden. Der Reformer liefert als Ausgangsprodukt das erwünschte wasserstoffreiche Brennstoffzellenbrenngas, das dann im Brenn stoffzellenstapel unter weiterer Umsetzung mit Luft zu Strom und Wärme verarbeitet wird. Das im Brennstoffzellenstapel abgereicherte Brennstoffzellenbrenngas kann dann noch einem Nachbrenner zugeführt werden, in dem unter weiterem Einsatz von Luft die Restenergie in Wärme umgesetzt wird; diese Wärme kann dann in das System zurückgeführt werden.Fuel cell systems serve to generate electricity and heat from hydrocarbons, for example, diesel or gasoline. To do this for the operation of a fuel cell stack To provide required hydrogen-rich gas is becoming common used a reformer, the fuel and air are supplied. The reformer supplies as starting material the desired hydrogen-rich fuel cell fuel gas, then in the fuel cell stack with further implementation with Air to electricity and heat is processed. The fuel cell fuel gas depleted in the fuel cell stack can then be fed to an afterburner, in the case of further use from air the residual energy into heat is implemented; this heat can then be returned to the system.
Der Reformierungsprozess zum Umsetzten von Brennstoff und Oxidationsmittel zu Reformat kann nach unterschiedlichen Prinzipien erfolgen. Beispielsweise ist die katalytische Reformierung bekannt, bei der ein Teil des Brennstoffs in einer exothermen Reaktion oxidiert wird. Nachteilig an dieser katalytischen Reformierung ist die hohe Wärmeerzeugung, die die Systemkomponenten, insbesondere den Katalysator, irreversibel schädigen kann.Of the Reforming process for the conversion of fuel and oxidant Reformat can be done according to different principles. For example The catalytic reforming is known in which part of the Fuel is oxidized in an exothermic reaction. adversely this catalytic reforming is the high heat generation, the system components, in particular the catalyst, irreversible damage can.
Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Erzeugung eines Reformats aus Kohlenwasserstoffen ist das "Steam-reforming". Dabei werden Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Hilfe von Wasserdampf in einer endothermen Reaktion zu Wasserstoff umgesetzt.A different possibility to produce a reformate from hydrocarbons is the "steam reforming". These are hydrocarbons with the help of water vapor in an endothermic reaction to hydrogen implemented.
Eine Kombination dieser beiden Prinzipien, das heißt der Reformierung auf der Grundlage einer exothermen Reaktion und der Erzeugung von Wasserstoff durch eine endotherme Reaktion, bei der die Energie für die Dampfreformierung aus der Verbrennung der Kohlenwasserstoffe gewonnen wird, wird als autotherme Reformierung bezeichnet.A Combination of these two principles, that is, the reforming on the Basis of an exothermic reaction and the generation of hydrogen through an endothermic reaction, in which the energy for steam reforming obtained from the combustion of hydrocarbons is called called autothermal reforming.
Allgemein lässt sich die Reaktion, bei der Luft und Brennstoff in einem Reformer zu einem wasserstoffreichen Gasgemisch umgesetzt werden, wie folgt formulieren: In general, the reaction in which air and fuel are converted in a reformer to a hydrogen-rich gas mixture can be formulated as follows:
Durch unvollkommene Umsetzung der Kohlenwasserstoffe in dieser endothermen Reaktion können sich jedoch, anders als in der Gleichung beschrieben, Nebenprodukte, wie Restkohlenwasserstoffe oder Ruß, bilden. Diese schlagen sich dann zumindest teilweise auf dem Reformer nieder. Dies hat eine Deaktivierung des im Reformer befindlichen Katalysators zur Folge, was soweit gehen kann, dass sich der Katalysator nahezu komplett mit Ruß zusetzt. Der im Reformer auftretende Druckverlust steigt hierdurch an, weshalb der Reformer nach einer gewissen Betriebsdauer regeneriert werden muss. Die Regenerationsphase kann, je nach Betriebsdauer des Brennstoffzellensystems beim Aufheizen, beim Abkühlen oder während des kontinuierlichen Betriebs erfolgen. Während der Regenerationsphase werden die Ablagerungen in dem Reformer bei erhöhter Luftzufuhr und/oder verringerter Brennstoffzufuhr, das heißt einem Lambdawert größer als 1, abgebrannt. Während dieser Regenerationsphase kann der Reformer jedoch kein wasserstoffreiches Brennstoffzellenbrenngas liefern, weshalb das Brennstoffzellensystem konstruktionsbedingt keinen Strom erzeugen kann.By imperfect conversion of hydrocarbons in this endothermic Reaction can however, by-products other than those described in the equation, such as residual hydrocarbons or soot. These are striking then at least partially down on the reformer. This has one Deactivation of the catalyst in the reformer, what can go so far that the catalyst is almost complete added with carbon black. As a result, the pressure loss occurring in the reformer increases, which is why the reformer be regenerated after a certain period of operation got to. The regeneration phase can, depending on the operating life of the fuel cell system when heating up, when cooling down or while continuous operation. During the regeneration phase the deposits in the reformer with increased air supply and / or reduced Fuel supply, that is a lambda value greater than 1, burned down. While However, this reforming phase, the reformer can not be a hydrogen-rich Fuel cell fuel supply, which is why the fuel cell system can not generate electricity due to design.
Es ist bekannt, eine Batterie in dem Brennstoffzellensystem vorzusehen, die während der Regenerationsphase des Reformers die Stromversorgung der an das Brennstoffzellensystem angeschlossenen Verbraucher sicherstellt. Die Verwendung einer Pufferbatterie zum Überbrücken der Regenerationsphase ist jedoch problematisch hinsichtlich des baulichen Aufwandes und des zusätzlichen Gewichts durch die Pufferbatterie.It it is known to provide a battery in the fuel cell system, the while the regeneration phase of the reformer power supply to the fuel cell system ensures connected consumers. The use of a backup battery to bridge the regeneration phase However, it is problematic in terms of structural complexity and of the additional Weight through the backup battery.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems bereitzustellen, wobei ein kontinuierlicher Betrieb des Brennstoffzellensystems, insbesondere die kontinuierliche Energieabgabe ohne eine Pufferbatterie gewährleistet wird.Of the Invention is based on the object, a method for operating to provide a fuel cell system, wherein a continuous operation the fuel cell system, in particular the continuous energy delivery guaranteed without a backup battery becomes.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit dem Merkmal des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst.These The object is achieved with the feature of the independent claim.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.advantageous Refinements and developments of the invention will become apparent the dependent Claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Stand der Technik dadurch auf, dass von dem einen Reformer während einer Regenerationsphase erzeugtes Abgas zumindest zeitweise mit von dem anderen Reformer während einer Reformierungsphase erzeugtem Reformat gemischt wird, um Brennstoffzellenbrenngas bereitzustellen. Das Mischen von während einer Regenerationsphase eines Reformers erzeugtem Abgas mit von dem anderen Reformer erzeugtem Reformat erlaubt die Beeinflussung der Luftzahl Lambda des dem Brennstoffzellenstapel zugeführten Brennstoffzellenbrenngases.The inventive method builds on the generic state the technique by the one reformer during a regeneration phase generated exhaust gas at least temporarily with the other reformer while a reforming phase produced reformate is mixed to fuel cell fuel gas provide. Mixing during a regeneration phase a reformer produced exhaust gas produced by the other reformer Reformate allows influencing the air ratio lambda of the fuel cell stack supplied Fuel cell fuel gas.
Nützlicherweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Regenerationsphase und die Reformierungsphase sich zeitlich zumindest überschneiden. Die zeitliche Überschneidung der Regenerati onsphase und der Reformierungsphase der beiden Reformer dient der kontinuierlichen Versorgung des Brennstoffzellenstapels mit Brennstoffzellenbrenngas.Usefully can be provided that the regeneration phase and the reforming phase At least overlap in time. The temporal overlap the regeneration phase and the reforming phase of the two reformers serves the continuous supply of the fuel cell stack with fuel cell fuel gas.
Vorteilhafterweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass der eine Reformer in eine Reformierungsphase gebracht wird, bevor der andere Reformer in eine Regenerationsphase gebracht wird. Auf diese Weise wird sichergestellt, dass immer mindestens ein Reformer ein wasserstoffreiches Reformat liefern kann, das dem Brennstoffzellenstapel zuführbar ist.advantageously, can be provided that brought a reformer in a reforming phase is brought before the other reformer into a regeneration phase becomes. In this way it is ensured that always at least a reformer can deliver a hydrogen-rich reformate that meets the needs of the Fuel cell stack fed is.
Nützlicherweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass zumindest einige Regenerationsphasen ein Aufheizen und Abkühlen des zu regenerierenden Reformers umfassen. Durch Veränderung der zugeführten Brennstoff- und/oder Luftmenge kann die Temperatur des Reformers beeinflusst und zur Steuerung der Regenerationsphase verwendet werden.Usefully can be provided that at least some regeneration phases a heating and cooling of the reformer to be regenerated. By change the fuel and / or air quantity can affect the temperature of the reformer and used to control the regeneration phase.
Vorteilhafterweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass in Reformierungsphasen eines Reformers zumindest im Durchschnitt mehr thermische Leistung erzeugt wird als in Regenerationsphasen. Durch die Reduzierung der Brennstoffzufuhr kann die Wärmeentwicklung eines Reformers von zum Beispiel 4 kW bei einem Lambdawert von 0,4 in einer Reformierungsphase auf unter 1 kW bei einem Lambdawert größer als 1 in einer Regenerationsphase gedrosselt werden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass der Abbrand des abgelagerten Rußes zur thermischen Leistung beiträgt und kurzfristig die Wärmeentwicklung auch auf über 4 kW erhöhen kann.advantageously, can be provided that in reforming phases of a reformer at least on average more thermal power is generated as in regeneration phases. By reducing the fuel supply can the heat development a reformer of, for example, 4 kW with a lambda value of 0.4 in a reforming phase to less than 1 kW at a lambda value greater than 1 be throttled in a regeneration phase. It should be noted, that the burnup of the deposited soot to the thermal power contributes and in the short term the heat development also on over Increase 4 kW can.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass Regenerationsphasen zeitabhängig und/oder in Abhängigkeit von einem oder mehreren vorgegebenen Schwellenwerten vorgesehen werden. Das zyklische beziehungsweise in Abhängigkeit von Schwellenwerten stattfindende Einleiten von Regenerationsphasen ermöglicht eine gleichmäßige Versorgung des Brennstoffzellenstapels mit Brennstoffzellenbrenngas und somit die gleichmäßige Stromversorgung von an das Brennstoffzellensystem angeschlossenen Verbrauchern. Als Schwellenwerte können beispielsweise die Temperatur eines Reformers beziehungsweise der an einem Reformer abfallende Druck verwendet werden.Farther it can be provided that regeneration phases are time-dependent and / or dependent on provided by one or more predetermined thresholds become. The cyclic or depending on thresholds initiating regeneration phases allows a uniform supply the fuel cell stack with fuel cell fuel gas and thus the uniform power supply of consumers connected to the fuel cell system. As thresholds can For example, the temperature of a reformer or the be used at a reformer sloping pressure.
Nützlicherweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass während einer Regenerationsphase Abgas erzeugt wird, welches einen Lambdawert aufweist, der größer als 1 ist. Während einer Regenerationsphase werden die in einem Reformer vorhandenen Ablagerungen, insbesondere Russpartikel, zumindest teilweise abgebrannt, wozu insbesondere Sauerstoff notwendig ist.Usefully can be provided during that a regeneration phase exhaust gas is generated, which is a lambda value that is larger than 1 is. While A regeneration phase will be those in a reformer Deposits, in particular soot particles, at least partially burned off, for which in particular oxygen is necessary.
Vorteilhafterweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass während einer Reformierungsphase Reformat erzeugt wird, welches einen Lambdawert aufweist, der kleiner als 1 und insbesondere kleiner als 0,5 ist. Durch den geringen Lambdawert ist es möglich, von dem anderen Reformer erzeugtes Abgas mit einem Lambdawert größer als 1 dem Reformat beizumischen, um ein Brennstoffzellenbrenngas mit einem Lambdawert kleiner als 1 zu erzeugen, das als Brennstoffzellenbrenngas für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel dienen kann.advantageously, can be provided during that a reforming phase reformate is generated, which has a lambda value which is smaller than 1 and in particular smaller than 0.5. By the low lambda value makes it possible Exhaust gas produced by the other reformer having a lambda value greater than 1 to mix the reformate to a fuel cell fuel with to generate a lambda value less than 1, which is called fuel cell fuel gas for one Fuel cell stack can serve.
Nützlicherweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Mischung aus Abgas und Reformat zu einer Reaktion gebracht wird, die die Brennbarkeit der Mischung reduziert. Unter ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen kann die Mischung aus Abgas und Reformat brennbar sein und sich in der Zuführung zu dem Brennstoffzellenstapel entzünden. Im ungünstigsten Falle könnte dadurch der Brennstoffzellenstapel selbst beschädigt werden.Usefully may be provided that the mixture of exhaust gas and reformate too a reaction is brought to the flammability of the mixture reduced. Under unfavorable Operating conditions, the mixture of exhaust gas and reformate flammable and be in the feeder ignite to the fuel cell stack. In the worst case could This will damage the fuel cell stack itself.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass jedem der Reformer Brennstoff, insbesondere flüssiger Brennstoff wie Diesel oder Benzin, und Oxidationsmittel, insbesondere Luft, zugeführt wird. Aus dem zugeführten Brennstoff wird zusammen mit der zugeführten Luft wasserstoffreiches Reformat erzeugt oder der Reformer wird in einer Regenerationsphase betrieben, wobei Abgas erzeugt wird.Farther can be provided that fuel each of the reformer, in particular liquid fuel like diesel or gasoline, and oxidizing agents, especially air, supplied becomes. From the supplied Fuel becomes hydrogen-rich along with the supplied air Reformat generated or the reformer is operated in a regeneration phase, wherein exhaust gas is generated.
Die Erfindung baut auf dem gattungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem dadurch auf, dass das Brennstoffzellensystem dazu vorgesehen ist, ein Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche auszuführen.The Invention builds on the generic fuel cell system in that the fuel cell system is intended to to carry out a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
Vorteilhafterweise kann das Brennstoffzellensystem dadurch weiterentwickelt werden, dass es einen Katalysator umfasst, der dazu vorgesehen ist, die Mischung aus Abgas und Reformat zu einer Reaktion zu bringen, die die Brennbarkeit der Mischung reduziert.advantageously, can the fuel cell system be further developed thereby, that it comprises a catalyst which is intended to be the Mixture of exhaust gas and reformate to bring to a reaction reduces the flammability of the mixture.
Die Erfindung wird nun mit Bezug auf die begleitenden Zeichnungen anhand besonders bevorzugter Ausführungsformen beispielhaft erläutert.The Invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings particularly preferred embodiments exemplified.
Es zeigen:It demonstrate:
Bei der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Zeichnungen bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche oder vergleichbare Komponenten.at the following description of the drawings denote the same Reference signs the same or similar components.
Während des
Betriebs des Brennstoffzellensystems
Für den stationären Betrieb
des Brennstoffzellensystems
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in den Zeichnungen sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein.The in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims disclosed features of the invention can both individually and also in any combination for the realization of the invention be essential.
- 1010
- Reformerreformer
- 1212
- Gasgas
- 1414
- Brennstoffzellenstapelfuel cell stack
- 1616
- Reformerreformer
- 1818
- Brennstoffpumpefuel pump
- 2020
- Luftgebläseair blower
- 2222
- BrennstoffzellensystemThe fuel cell system
- 2424
- Mischpunktmixing point
- 2626
- Katalysatorcatalyst
- 2828
- BrennstoffzellengaszuführungFuel cell gas supply
- 3232
- Brennstoffpumpefuel pump
- 3434
- Luftgebläseair blower
- 3636
- KathodenluftgebläseCathode air blower
- 3838
- Reformatreformate
- 4040
- Gebläsefan
- 4242
- Nachbrennerafterburner
- 4444
- Abgasexhaust
- 4646
- BrennstoffzellenbrenngasFuel cell fuel gas
- 4848
- Gasgas
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007055135A DE102007055135A1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
| PCT/DE2008/001656 WO2009065371A1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2008-10-08 | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007055135A DE102007055135A1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102007055135A1 true DE102007055135A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
Family
ID=40148624
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007055135A Withdrawn DE102007055135A1 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2007-11-19 | Method for operating a fuel cell system |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102007055135A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009065371A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011121176A1 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-20 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Fuel cell system for an aircraft and aircraft with a fuel cell system |
| DE102012016561A1 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-02-27 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Reactor useful for generating hydrogen-containing gas in aircraft, comprises inlet for fuel, inlet for oxidizing agent, outlet for hydrogen-containing gas, and catalyst unit comprising inlet and outlet side, inlet channel and outlet channel |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITUA20164008A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | Kt – Kinetics Tech Spa 00148 Roma It | "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING THE ETHANOL CATALYTIC REACTION OF STEAM REFORMING" |
Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030190503A1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-09 | Kumar Ravi Vipperla | Fuel processor apparatus and method based on autothermal cyclic reforming |
| WO2006095910A1 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydrogen-generating apparatus and fuel cell system |
| WO2007032518A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method for manufacturing hydrogen |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4240805A (en) * | 1979-03-16 | 1980-12-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for producing hydrogen containing gas |
| EP1306351B1 (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2007-09-12 | Umicore AG & Co. KG | Method for the preparation of a low-sulfur reformate gas for use in a fuel cell system |
| US20050037245A1 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-17 | Evogy, Inc. | Method for hydrogen and electricity production using steam-iron process and solid oxide fuel cells |
-
2007
- 2007-11-19 DE DE102007055135A patent/DE102007055135A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-10-08 WO PCT/DE2008/001656 patent/WO2009065371A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030190503A1 (en) * | 2002-04-05 | 2003-10-09 | Kumar Ravi Vipperla | Fuel processor apparatus and method based on autothermal cyclic reforming |
| WO2006095910A1 (en) * | 2005-03-08 | 2006-09-14 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hydrogen-generating apparatus and fuel cell system |
| WO2007032518A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-03-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method for manufacturing hydrogen |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011121176A1 (en) * | 2011-12-16 | 2013-06-20 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Fuel cell system for an aircraft and aircraft with a fuel cell system |
| DE102012016561A1 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-02-27 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Reactor useful for generating hydrogen-containing gas in aircraft, comprises inlet for fuel, inlet for oxidizing agent, outlet for hydrogen-containing gas, and catalyst unit comprising inlet and outlet side, inlet channel and outlet channel |
| DE102012016561B4 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2019-05-16 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Aircraft fuel cell system and use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009065371A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
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