DE102007054223A1 - Rechargeable lithium battery used in hybrid vehicles and electric cars comprises a molten mass containing lithium ions as electrolyte - Google Patents
Rechargeable lithium battery used in hybrid vehicles and electric cars comprises a molten mass containing lithium ions as electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007054223A1 DE102007054223A1 DE102007054223A DE102007054223A DE102007054223A1 DE 102007054223 A1 DE102007054223 A1 DE 102007054223A1 DE 102007054223 A DE102007054223 A DE 102007054223A DE 102007054223 A DE102007054223 A DE 102007054223A DE 102007054223 A1 DE102007054223 A1 DE 102007054223A1
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- electrolyte
- lithium battery
- rechargeable lithium
- battery according
- molten mass
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Si] Chemical compound [Li].[Si] ZVLDJSZFKQJMKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0563—Liquid materials, e.g. for Li-SOCl2 cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
- H01M50/437—Glass
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0048—Molten electrolytes used at high temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es
sind einige Arten von Batterien zum Antrieb von Hybridfahrzeugen
und Elektroautos bekannt. Übersichten gibt es in
Wiederaufladbare Lithium-Batterien, die mit Elektrolyten bei Raumtemperatur arbeiten, haben einen zu hohen elektr. Widerstand, so dass sie nicht zum Antrieb von Fahrzeugen geeignet sind. Das gleiche gilt für Polymer-Elektrolyt Batterien und auch für Na/Na-β-Alumina/NiCl2 – Batterien.Rechargeable lithium batteries, which work with electrolytes at room temperature, have too high an electr. Resistance, so they are not suitable for driving vehicles. The same applies to polymer electrolyte batteries and also to Na / Na-β-Alumina / NiCl 2 batteries.
Als einzige unter bestimmten Umständen brauchbare Batterie hat sich eine Batterie mit Elektroden aus einer Lithium-Silizium Legierung und einem Elektrolyt aus einem LiClNaClKCl-Eutektikum erwiesen. LiClNaClKCl ist ein Schmelzelektrolyt, der eine hohe Leitfähigkeit von >1 Ohm cm aufweist, aber eine Betriebstemperatur von 350°C erfordert und erhebliche Korrosionsprobleme an den Elektroden und am Behälter verursacht. Bei niedrigen Temperaturen schmelzende Elektrolyte, die Lithium-Ionen enthalten, wurden bisher nicht eingesetzt, weil sie nicht thermodynamisch stabil gegenüber den Elektroden aus Lithium und/oder Lithium-Legierungen sind und daher zu korrosiv wirken.When only battery usable under certain circumstances has a battery with electrodes of a lithium-silicon Alloy and an electrolyte from a LiClNaClKCl eutectic proved. LiClNaClKCl is a melting electrolyte that has high conductivity of> 1 ohm cm, but requires an operating temperature of 350 ° C and considerable Causes corrosion problems at the electrodes and the tank. At low temperatures melting electrolytes, the lithium ions have not previously been used because they are not thermodynamic stable against the electrodes of lithium and / or lithium alloys are therefore too corrosive.
Hybridfahrzeuge ohne permanente Aufladung der Batterie und Elektroautos generell sind deshalb bisher nicht marktfähig, weil eine geeignete mobile wiederaufladbare Batterie fehlt.hybrid vehicles without permanent charging of the battery and electric cars in general are therefore not marketable because a suitable Mobile rechargeable battery is missing.
Erfindunginvention
Erfindungsgemäß wird die mobile wiederaufladbare Batterie mit einer Schmelze betrieben, die Li-Ionen enthält und einen Schmelzpunkt zwischen 61°C und 170°C aufweist. Als Schmelzen kommen z. B. in Frage LiAlCl4 oder das bei ca. 61°C schmelzende Eutektikum aus LiClNaClKClAlCl3 oder LiClKClAlCl3, das einen Schmelzpunkt von 86°C hat, oder LiOHNaOHKOH mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 170°C. Diese Schmelzen haben eine Leitfähigkeit von >1 Ohm cm und sind thermodynamisch stabil bei durchwandernden Lithium-Ionen.According to the invention, the mobile rechargeable battery is operated with a melt containing Li ions and having a melting point between 61 ° C and 170 ° C. As melts come z. B. in question LiAlCl 4 or at about 61 ° C melting eutectic of LiClNaClKClAlCl 3 or LiClKClAlCl 3 , which has a melting point of 86 ° C, or LiOHa OHOH with a melting point of 170 ° C. These melts have a conductivity of> 1 ohm cm and are thermodynamically stable with migrating lithium ions.
Um die chemische Korrosion zu minimieren wird der Batterie-Behälter vorzugsweise aus Keramik gefertigt.Around To minimize the chemical corrosion becomes the battery container preferably made of ceramic.
Da bei höheren Spannungen von ca. 4 Volt Chlor-Aktivität festzustellen ist, arbeitet die Batterie vorzugsweise mit Lihium-haltigen Oxiden als positive Elektroden, so dass die Korrosion begrenzt wird.There at higher voltages of about 4 volts chlorine activity determine, the battery works preferably with Lihium-containing Oxides as positive electrodes, so that the corrosion is limited.
Es ist besonders praktikabel, wenn ein Glasfasergestrick mit der Schmelze getränkt wird, bevor dieses in den Zwischenraum zwischen die Elektroden eingesetzt wird.It is particularly practical when a glass fiber knit with the melt is soaked before this in the space between the electrodes are used.
Ausführungsbeispielembodiment
Die
Lithium-Batterie besteht nach
Der Elektrolyt besteht aus dem Eutektikum von LiClNaClKClAlCl3 mit einer Schmelztemperatur von 61°C und einer hohen Leitfähigkeit von >1 Ohm cm. Mit dem Schmelzelektrolyt wird im Ausführungsbeispiel zuerst ein Glasfasergestrick vollständig getränkt, das dann in den Zwischenraum 4, den Separator, zwischen den Elektroden gelegt wird.The electrolyte consists of the eutectic of LiClNaClKClAlCl 3 with a melting temperature of 61 ° C and a high conductivity of> 1 ohm cm. In the exemplary embodiment, a glass fiber knit is first completely impregnated with the molten electrolyte, which is then placed in the intermediate space 4, the separator, between the electrodes.
Der
Bestandteil von LiAlCl4 im Eutektikum wird
im Ausführungsbeispiel aus folgenden Gründen gewählt:
Das
Phasendiagramm (
The phase diagram (
Der Punkt LiAlCl4 im Phasendiagramm ist der einzige Gleichgewichtszustand, der sich bei einer Spannung zwischen den Elektroden von 1,8 bis 4,2 Volt nicht verändert, wenn Lithium – Ionen durchwandern. Der Spannungsbereich, bei dem LiAlCl4 unverändert bleibt, kann nach G. Deublein und R. A. Huggins Solid State Ionics 18/19 (1968) 1110 berechnet werden.The point LiAlCl 4 in the phase diagram is the only equilibrium state that does not change at a voltage between the electrodes of 1.8 to 4.2 volts as lithium ions migrate through. The voltage range at which LiAlCl 4 remains unchanged can be calculated according to G. Deublein and RA Huggins Solid State Ionics 18/19 (1968) 1110.
Das Eutektikum wird aus folgenden Gründen als Elektrolyt gewählt. Die Phasendiagramme von KAlCl4 und NaAlCl4 sind dem von LiAlCl4 ähnlich. KAlCl4 und NaAlCl4 sind aber noch thermodynamisch stabiler gegenüber den Elektroden mit Lithium-Anteil. Mischt man KAlCl4 und NaAlCl4 in einem bestimmten Verhältnis zu LiAlCl4, so dass sich ein Eutektikum ergibt, dann ist die Mischung genau um die Eutektikum-Bildungsenergie thermodynamisch stabiler als LiAlCl4 allein.The eutectic is chosen as the electrolyte for the following reasons. The phase diagrams of KAlCl 4 and NaAlCl 4 are similar to those of LiAlCl 4 . KAlCl 4 and NaAlCl 4 are still thermodynamically more stable compared to the lithium-containing electrodes. If one mixes KAlCl 4 and NaAlCl 4 in a certain ratio to LiAlCl 4 to give a eutectic, then the mixture is thermodynamically more stable than the eutectic-forming energy than LiAlCl 4 alone.
Man kann also die Batterie mit fast beliebig vielen Lastwechseln bei einer niedrigen Temperatur und hoher Leitfähigkeit betreiben, ohne dass das Elektrolyt mit den Elektroden mit einem Lithium-Anteil chemisch reagiert. Damit werden Hybridfahrzeuge ohne permanente Aufladung der Batterie und Elektroautos generell marktfähig.you So the battery can with almost any number of load changes at operate at a low temperature and high conductivity, without the electrolyte with the electrodes with a lithium component reacts chemically. This will make hybrid vehicles without permanent Charging the battery and electric cars generally marketable.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- - Baumann, W., Muth, A.: Batterien, Springer Verlag New York 1997 [0001] Baumann, W., Muth, A .: Batteries, Springer Verlag New York 1997 [0001]
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007054223A DE102007054223A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | Rechargeable lithium battery used in hybrid vehicles and electric cars comprises a molten mass containing lithium ions as electrolyte |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007054223A DE102007054223A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | Rechargeable lithium battery used in hybrid vehicles and electric cars comprises a molten mass containing lithium ions as electrolyte |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102007054223A1 true DE102007054223A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
Family
ID=40560640
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007054223A Withdrawn DE102007054223A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2007-11-14 | Rechargeable lithium battery used in hybrid vehicles and electric cars comprises a molten mass containing lithium ions as electrolyte |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102007054223A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025208A1 (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-02-13 | Varta Batterie | ELECTROCHEMICAL SECONDARY ELEMENT |
-
2007
- 2007-11-14 DE DE102007054223A patent/DE102007054223A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025208A1 (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-02-13 | Varta Batterie | ELECTROCHEMICAL SECONDARY ELEMENT |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| Baumann, W., Muth, A.: Batterien, Springer Verlag New York 1997 |
| NL-Zeitschrift Solid State Ionics 18 & 19 (1986), Seiten 1110 bis 1114 * |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
| R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130601 |