DE102007040923A1 - Vehicle e.g. electromobile, refueling method, involves utilizing electrical energy at place of refueling for charging electrical batteries and/or accumulators in vehicle, and locally producing energy by stationary high-temperature fuel cell - Google Patents
Vehicle e.g. electromobile, refueling method, involves utilizing electrical energy at place of refueling for charging electrical batteries and/or accumulators in vehicle, and locally producing energy by stationary high-temperature fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000233805 Phoenix Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
- B60L53/54—Fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of Claim 1.
Einleitung und Stand der Technik:Introduction and prior art:
Es setzt sich heutzutage immer mehr die Erkenntnis durch, dass der Klimaschutz, hier insbesondere die Verringerung von Treibhausgasen, die Endlichkeit fossiler Primärenergieträger (Ressourcenproblem) und die steigenden Energiepreise einen effizienten Umgang mit fossilen Energieträgern, insbesondere im Straßenverkehr, unumgänglich machen. Hocheffiziente Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung und Umwandlung haben deshalb mittel- bis langfristig beste Chancen sich durchzusetzen.It Nowadays, more and more people realize that the Climate protection, in particular the reduction of greenhouse gases, the finiteness of fossil primary energy sources (resource problem) and rising energy prices make efficient use of fossil fuels Energy sources, especially in road traffic, essential do. Highly efficient processes for energy production and conversion Therefore have medium to long term best chances to prevail.
Trotz zahlreich vorhandener alternativer Antriebsmöglichkeiten wird heutzutage der überwiegende Teil der Verkehrsfahrzeuge mit Verbrennungsmotoren und klassischen Brennstoffen wie Benzin oder Diesel betrieben. Jedoch sorgen steigende Erdölpreise, Ressourcenverknappung, Umweltverschmutzung und die Ineffizienz von Verbrennungsmotoren dafür, dass zunehmend auch alternative Antriebssysteme Verwendung finden (z. B. Hybrid- oder Erdgasfahrzeuge).In spite of Numerous existing alternative drive options are nowadays the predominant Part of the traffic vehicles with internal combustion engines and classic Fuel such as gasoline or diesel operated. However, rising worries Oil prices, Resource depletion, pollution and the inefficiency of Internal combustion engines for this, that increasingly also find alternative drive systems use (eg hybrid or natural gas vehicles).
Ein großes Potential als Ersatz für den Verbrennungsmotor besitzt der Elektromotor. Während der Elektromotor ca. 90% der eingesetzten Energie in Bewegungsenergie umwandeln kann, schafft dies der Verbrennungsmotor mit nur ca. 25% (Effizienzproblem).One great Potential as a substitute for the internal combustion engine has the electric motor. During the Electric motor about 90% of the energy used in kinetic energy can convert this, the internal combustion engine with only about 25% (Efficiency problem).
Zur Erfüllung der Vision von der Energie aus der Steckdose, fehlte jedoch bis vor kurzem noch die verfügbare Batterietechnik. Die technischen Hauptprobleme wie niedrige Speicherkapazität, lange Ladezeiten, geringe Lebensdauer und geringe Sicherheit wurden jedoch in den letzten Jahren gelöst (z. B. Batteriesysteme von Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc. oder A123 Systems, Inc.). Diese neue Generation von Batterien wird bereits in Serie produziert und mit Erfolg als Energiespeicher in Elektromobilen eingesetzt (z. B. Phoenix Motorcars, Inc. oder The Lightning Car Company Ltd.).to fulfillment The vision of the power from the outlet, however, was missing recently the available Battery technology. The main technical problems such as low storage capacity, long Charging times, low life and low security, however, have been solved in the last years (eg battery systems from Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc. or A123 Systems, Inc.). This new generation of batteries is already Produced in series and successfully as energy storage in electric vehicles used (for example, Phoenix Motorcars, Inc. or The Lightning Car Company Ltd.).
Nachteile des Standes der Technik:Disadvantages of the prior art:
Eine Umrüstung aller Fahrzeuge auf Elektroantrieb und das „Tanken der Energie aus der Steckdose" würden jedoch das bestehende Effizienzproblem nicht lösen, sondern lediglich auf die Erzeugungsseite verlagern. Was nützt es bspw. wenn zwar der Elektromotor Strom aus dem Netz mit 90% Wirkungsgrad in Antriebsenergie umwandeln kann, dieser jedoch selbst nur mit 25% Wirkungsgrad im Kohlekraftwerk erzeugt wird. Rechnet man zudem noch die Verluste der Transportleitungen mit ca. 5% ein, so verbleiben auf diese Weise von 100% Primärenergie lediglich noch ca. 21% für die Vorwärtsbewegung übrig. Ein solches System wäre damit noch ineffizienter als der Verbrennungsmotor auf Benzinbasis.A conversion all vehicles on electric drive and the "refueling of the energy from the Outlet "would however do not solve the existing problem of efficiency, but only on relocate the production side. What good is it, for example, if the Electric motor Power from the grid with 90% efficiency in drive energy can convert, but this only with 25% efficiency in the Coal-fired power plant is generated. If one also calculates the losses the transport lines with about 5%, so remain in this way of 100% primary energy only still about 21% for the forward movement is left over. One such system would be even more inefficient than the gasoline-based engine.
Aufgabe der Erfindung:Object of the invention:
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das Effizienzproblem durch eine optimale Kombination verfügbarer Technologien zu lösen und die langfristige Lösung des Ressourcenproblems einzuleiten.task The invention is to solve the problem of efficiency by an optimal combination available To solve technologies and the long-term solution of the Initiate resource issues.
Lösung der Aufgabe:solution the task:
Die Aufgabe kann gelöst werden, indem man ein Betankungsverfahren findet, bei dem die benötigte elektrische Energie möglichst hocheffizient und dezentral vor Ort erzeugt wird und das auf eine bereits vorhandene Infrastruktur zurückgreift. Des weiteren muss bei diesem Verfahren ein Primärenergieträger eingesetzt werden, der sowohl bereits kostengünstig vorhanden ist (fossil) als auch langfristig erneuerbar gewonnen werden kann. Für die wirtschaftliche Umsetzbarkeit sollte das System in der Lage sein, die elektrische Energie in Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung zu erzeugen und die erzeugte Elektrizität zwischen den Tankvorgängen in das öffentliche Netz einzuspeisen. Die Abwärme sollte dabei möglichst auf einem Temperaturniveau erzeugt werden, welches eine möglichst breite Nutzung erlaubt. Hilfreich wäre es auch, wenn die elektrische Energie neben Wechselstrom auch als Gleichstrom bereitgestellt werden könnte (je nach Bauart des Elektromotors), da so wiederum Umwandlungsverluste vermieden werden könnten.The Task can be solved By finding a refueling process in which the required electrical Energy as possible high-efficiency and decentralized on-site production and that on one already existing infrastructure. Furthermore, must used in this process, a primary energy source that is already cost-effective (fossil) as well as being renewable in the long term. For the economic Feasibility, the system should be able to handle the electrical Energy in combined heat and power to generate and generate electricity between refueling operations the public Feed the grid. The waste heat should as possible be generated at a temperature level, which a possible wide use allowed. It would also be helpful if the electrical Energy in addition to AC also be provided as DC could (depending on the design of the electric motor), as in turn conversion losses could be avoided.
Ein Verfahren, dass alle diese Ansprüche erfüllt, ist eine Elektrotankstelle bestehend aus einer stationären Brennstoffzelle, Gasaufbereitungsanlage, einem DC/AC-Wechselrichter, Batterieladesystem für Elektromobile (Elektrozapfsäule), Erdgasnetz-, Stromnetz- und Nahwärmenetzanschluss.One Procedures that all these claims Fulfills, is an electric filling station consisting of a stationary fuel cell, Gas treatment plant, a DC / AC inverter, battery charging system for electric vehicles (Electric pump), Natural gas grid, electricity grid and local heating network connection.
Die Erzeugung der elektrischen Energie erfolgt unmittelbar vor Ort der Betankung in einer stationären Brennstoffzelle. Der Primärenergieträger ist ein brennbares, methanhaltiges Gas z. B. Erdgas. Auf diese Weise kann die Elektrizität bereits heute mit einem vergleichsweise hohen Wirkungsgrad erzeugt werden. Transportverluste entfallen aufgrund der Erzeugung vor Ort. Mit der Brennstoffzelle kann mit Hilfe eines DC/AC-Wechselrichters sowohl Gleich- als auch Wechselstrom zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Je nach Bauart des Elektromobils kann dieses direkt mit Gleichstrom aufgeladen werden (effizienteste Art) oder wahlweise mit Wechselstrom.The Generation of electrical energy takes place directly on site Refueling in a stationary Fuel cell. The primary energy carrier is a flammable, methane-containing gas z. B. natural gas. This way you can the electricity already produced today with a comparatively high efficiency become. Transport losses are eliminated due to on-site production. With the fuel cell can with the help of a DC / AC inverter both DC and AC are provided. Depending on Design of the scooter this can be charged directly with DC be (most efficient way) or alternatively with alternating current.
Durch den Anschluss der Brennstoffzelle an das Erdgasnetz wird die Primärenergiezufuhr sichergestellt und durch den Anschluss an das Stromnetz kann sichergestellt werden, dass die überschüssige elektrische Energie zwischen oder während den Tankvorgängen in das Stromnetz eingespeist und verkauft werden kann. Durch den Anschluss der Brennstoffzelle an ein vorhandenes Nahwärmenetz kann die erzeugte Wärme an die am Nahwärmenetz angeschlossenen Abnehmer verkauft werden.By connecting the fuel cell to the natural gas grid, the primary energy supply is ensured and connected to the power grid It can be ensured that the excess electrical energy can be fed into the grid and sold between or during refueling operations. By connecting the fuel cell to an existing district heating network, the heat generated can be sold to the customers connected to the district heating network.
Die Aufstellung der Elektrotankstelle erfolgt an einem Ort, der eine Nutzung der Abwärme ermöglicht z. B. in einem Industrie- bzw. Gewerbe- oder Wohngebiet. Hier ist auch eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorhandensein eines Erdgas- und Stromnetzes zu erwarten. Vorteilhaft wäre es auch, wenn sich die Elektrotankstelle nahe an Bundesstraßen oder Autobahnen befinden würde.The Erection of the electric filling station takes place in a place that has a Use of waste heat allows z. B. in an industrial or commercial or residential area. Here is also a high probability of the existence of a natural gas and electricity network expected. It would also be advantageous if the electric filling station close to federal highways or Motorways would be located.
Vorteile:Advantages:
Es ist heutzutage möglich in einer serienmäßig hergestellten Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle elektrischen Strom mit einem Wirkungsgrad von ca. 48% zu erzeugen (z. B. HotModule von CFC Solutions GmbH). Moderne Batteriespeicher (z. B. NanoSafe bei 6C-Charge-Rate) können innerhalb von ca. 10 Minuten bei einem Wirkungsgrad von ca. 90% geladen werden und moderne Radnabenmotoren (z. B. Hi-Pa-drive von PML Flightlink Ltd.) können den Strom mit ca. 90% in Bewegungsenergie umwandeln. Die in einer Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle entstehende Wärme kann mit einem Wirkungsgrad von ca. 42% auf einem sehr hohen Temperaturniveau erzeugt werden (z. B. HotModule).It is possible today in a mass-produced High-temperature fuel cell electric power with an efficiency of about 48% (eg HotModule from CFC Solutions GmbH). Modern battery storage (eg NanoSafe at 6C charge rate) can work within be charged from about 10 minutes at an efficiency of about 90% and modern wheel hub motors (eg Hi-Pa-drive from PML Flightlink Ltd.) transform the current into kinetic energy with approx. 90%. The one in one High-temperature fuel cell resulting Heat can produced with an efficiency of about 42% at a very high temperature level (eg HotModule).
Beim Einsatz von Erdgas in der Elektrotankstelle würde der Systemwirkungsgrad (Effizienz) des Verfahrens bei reiner Nutzung der elektrischen Energie ca. 38% und bei gleichzeitiger Nutzung der erzeugten Wärme ca. 80% erreichen (bezogen auf den unteren Heizwert Hu von Erdgas). Man könnte so die Energieausnutzung verglichen mit dem System Benzin/Verbrennungsmotor (25%) um bis zu 320% steigern.At the Use of natural gas in the electric filling station would increase system efficiency (Efficiency) of the process with pure use of electrical energy approx. 38% and with simultaneous use of the generated heat approx. Reach 80% (based on the lower calorific value Hu of natural gas). You could so the energy utilization compared to the system gasoline / internal combustion engine (25%) increase by up to 320%.
Vergleicht man die Kosten ergibt sich ein noch interessanteres Bild. Der Preis für die Kilowattstunde Erdgas beträgt derzeit ca. 5,5 Ct. (Geschäftskunden) und für die Kilowattstunde Super Benzin (8,9 kWh/Ltr.) ca. 15 Ct. Damit ist Erdgas um den Faktor 2,7 günstiger als Super Benzin.comparing The cost results in an even more interesting picture. The price for the Kilowatt hour natural gas amounts currently about 5.5 Ct. (Business) and for the kilowatt-hour of super gasoline (8.9 kWh / ltr.) approx. 15 Ct. In order to Natural gas is cheaper by a factor of 2.7 as a super gasoline.
Die für neuere Batteriesysteme zur schnellen Ladung benötigten hohen Ladeströme können mit Brennstoffzellen (bspw. HotModule) problemlos zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Beispielsweise wird im Sport Utility Truck von Phoenix Motorcars, Inc. ein Batteriepack mit ca. 28 × NanoSafe-Batterien verwendet. Hierfür wird nach Angaben des Herstellers bei einer 6C-Charge-Rate, was ca. 10 min Ladezeit entspricht, ein Ladestrom von ca. 528 A benötigt. Mit einer elektrischen Leistung von 280 kW liefert ein HotModule der CFC Solutions GmbH bei 380 V Gleichspannung einen Ladestrom von ca. 737 A. Es könnten also während der Ladezeit sogar noch ca. 80 kWh in das Stromnetz eingespeist werden.The for newer ones Battery systems for fast charging required high charging currents can with fuel cells (eg HotModule) can be made easily available. For example gets a battery pack in the Sport Utility Truck from Phoenix Motorcars, Inc. with about 28 × NanoSafe batteries used. Therefor according to the manufacturer, at a 6C charge rate, what Approx. 10 min charging time, a charging current of approx. 528 A is required. With a 280 kW of electrical power is supplied by a CFC Solutions HotModule GmbH at 380 V DC a charging current of about 737 A. So it could while Charging time even about 80 kWh fed into the grid become.
Die Verwendung von erneuerbaren Energieträgern wie Biogas oder Methanol in Brennstoffzellen wurde bereits erprobt und besitzt Serienreife (z. B. HotModule). Unabhängig davon kann Biogas bereits heute auf Erdgasqualität aufbereitet und in das bereits vorhandene Erdgasnetz eingespeist werden. Somit kann das Verfahren inkl. Infrastruktur bei einem evtl. Übergang auf erneuerbar erzeugtes Brenngas unverändert beibehalten werden.The Use of renewable energy sources such as biogas or methanol in fuel cells has already been tested and has series maturity (eg HotModule). Independently Biogas can already be processed to natural gas quality and into this already existing natural gas network are fed. Thus, the process can including infrastructure in case of a possible transition to renewable generated Fuel gas unchanged to be kept.
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| DE102020212018A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-24 | Argo Gmbh | Charging station, in particular mobile charging station |
| DE102020135043A1 (en) | 2020-12-29 | 2022-06-30 | Yvonne Paula Maria Becker | Power supply device and method |
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| DE19629265A1 (en) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-01-22 | Siemens Ag | Method and equipment for matching fuel-cell unit output to power demand |
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| DE102017206996A1 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2018-10-31 | Audi Ag | Multifunctional tank system |
| WO2018197229A1 (en) | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | Audi Ag | Multi-functional tank system |
| DE102020212018A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2022-03-24 | Argo Gmbh | Charging station, in particular mobile charging station |
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