DE102007049914B4 - Antenna device for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Antenna device for a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007049914B4 DE102007049914B4 DE102007049914.2A DE102007049914A DE102007049914B4 DE 102007049914 B4 DE102007049914 B4 DE 102007049914B4 DE 102007049914 A DE102007049914 A DE 102007049914A DE 102007049914 B4 DE102007049914 B4 DE 102007049914B4
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
- B60R13/005—Manufacturers' emblems, name plates, bonnet ornaments, mascots or the like; Mounting means therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
- G01S2013/93271—Sensor installation details in the front of the vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, bei welcher eine Radar-Antenne derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet ist, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Radar-Antenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist und Signale der Radar-Antenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung übermittelt werden, wobei die Radar-Antenne als Hornantenne ausgebildet ist und eine Füllung aus dielektrischem Material aufweist. Antenna device for a motor vehicle, in which a radar antenna is arranged behind an essentially vertically oriented surface of a brand emblem, which is at least partially made of plastic, at the rear of the motor vehicle such that the direction of radiation of the radar antenna is essentially perpendicular through the surface of the brand -Emblems pointing to the rear area behind the motor vehicle and signals from the radar antenna are transmitted to a device for monitoring the rear vehicle environment, the radar antenna being designed as a horn antenna and having a filling made of dielectric material.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to an antenna device for a motor vehicle.
Der Entwicklung von Antennen für Kraftfahrzeuge sind sowohl durch den zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum als auch durch das angestrebte Design des Kraftfahrzeugs enge Rahmenbedingungen gesetzt. Aus der Fahrzeug-Silhouette herausragende Antennen sind insbesondere bei Oberklasse-Fahrzeugen unerwünscht. Eine Integration in die Scheiben des Kraftfahrzeugs ist häufig mit Sichtbehinderungen verbunden.The development of antennas for motor vehicles is subject to tight framework conditions both due to the available installation space and the desired design of the motor vehicle. Antennas protruding from the vehicle silhouette are particularly undesirable in luxury vehicles. Integration into the windows of the motor vehicle is often associated with visual impairments.
Bestimmte Wellentypen sind zudem weder durch vom Kraftfahrzeug abstehende Antennen noch durch Scheibenantennen optimal empfangbar bzw. abstrahlbar.In addition, certain types of waves cannot be optimally received or radiated either by antennas protruding from the motor vehicle or by disc antennas.
Insbesondere für Breitband-Anwendungen und Ultra-Breitband-Anwendungen sind keine zufrieden stehenden Lösungen der baulichen Integration geeigneter Antennen bei gleichzeitiger Richtwirkung bekannt.In particular for broadband applications and ultra-broadband applications, no satisfactory solutions for the structural integration of suitable antennas with directivity are known.
Aus dem Dokument
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist eine verbesserte Integration einer Breitband-Antenne für den Empfang bzw. die Abstrahlung bestimmter Wellentypen.The object of the invention is an improved integration of a broadband antenna for the reception or the radiation of certain wave types.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Antennenvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is achieved by an antenna device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention result from the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die bei der Antennenvorrichtung eingesetzte Antenne als Radar-Antenne ausgeführt. Vorzugsweise wird die Radar-Antenne als UltraWideBand-Radar-Antenne betrieben. Dies ermöglicht insbesondere eine effiziente Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung. Eine Form der Überwachung des Fahrzeugrückraums, für welche die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung besonders geeignet ist, ist die Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls. Die Antennenvorrichtung ist derart ausgebildet, dass empfangene Signale der Radar-Antenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung übermittelt werden. Diese Vorrichtung kann insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls sein. Von diesem Sonderfall wird im Folgenden ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit ausgegangen. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Übermittlung leitungsgebunden. Grundsätzlich ist jedoch auch eine drahtlose Übermittlung einhergehend mit den entsprechenden Vorteilen denkbar.According to the invention, the antenna used in the antenna device is designed as a radar antenna. The radar antenna is preferably operated as an UltraWideBand radar antenna. In particular, this enables efficient monitoring of the rear vehicle environment. One form of monitoring the rear of the vehicle, for which the device according to the invention is particularly suitable, is the prediction of a rear impact. The antenna device is designed such that received signals from the radar antenna are transmitted to a device for monitoring the rear vehicle environment. This device can in particular be a device for predicting a rear impact. This special case is assumed in the following without restricting generality. The transmission preferably takes place via a line. In principle, however, wireless transmission along with the corresponding advantages is also conceivable.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Verwendung einer Hornantenne als Radar-Antenne bei der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung. Hornantennen sind besonders geeignet für Breitband-Anwendungen, insbesondere ein so genanntes TEM-Horn (transverse electromagnetic horn).The use of a horn antenna as a radar antenna is particularly advantageous in the antenna device according to the invention. Horn antennas are particularly suitable for broadband applications, in particular a so-called TEM horn (transverse electromagnetic horn).
Die Radar-Antenne ist erfindungsgemäß derart hinter der im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet, dass ihre Abstrahlrichtung im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist. Die Abstrahlrichtung weist somit im Wesentlichen waagrecht zur rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung. Dies ermöglicht eine Radar-Überwachung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung auf Basis der geeignet betriebenen Antenne.According to the invention, the radar antenna is arranged behind the essentially vertically oriented surface of a brand emblem at the rear of the motor vehicle in such a way that its radiation direction points essentially perpendicularly through the surface of the brand emblem to the rear area behind the motor vehicle. The direction of radiation thus points essentially horizontally to the rear of the vehicle. This enables radar monitoring of the rear vehicle environment based on the suitably operated antenna.
Das Marken-Emblem am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs stellt eines der wenigen Bauteile an der Kraftfahrzeugoberfläche dar, die aus elektrisch nicht leitfähigem Material, z.B. aus Kunststoff, gefertigt werden können. Nur elektrisch nicht leitfähige Bauteile sind nämlich sinnvoll und kosteneffizient für die Antennenintegration verwendbar. Zudem ist das Marken-Emblem am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs in der Regel ohnehin im Wesentlichen vertikal angeordnet. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Kunststoffteilen am Kraftfahrzeug, die eine nicht als Antenne erkennbare Integration einer Antenne am Kraftfahrzeug - auch ohne das zusätzliche Vorsehen einer von Fahrzeugen der Anmelderin bekannten Finne - zulassen (z.B. Außenspiegel), kann in im Wesentlichen senkrechter Richtung zu einem im Wesentlichen vertikal am Fahrzeugheck angeordneten Marken-Emblem eine effiziente Wellenabstrahlung in Richtung der rückwärtigen Fahrzeugumgebung erfolgen. Auch die typischerweise mittige Anordnung des Marken-Emblems begünstigt eine effiziente Überwachung des Rückraums auf Basis der erfindungsgemäßen Antennenvorrichtung.The brand emblem on the rear of a motor vehicle represents one of the few components on the motor vehicle surface that are made of electrically non-conductive material, e.g. made of plastic. Only electrically non-conductive components are useful and cost-effective for antenna integration. In addition, the brand emblem on the rear of a motor vehicle is generally arranged essentially vertically anyway. In contrast to other plastic parts on the motor vehicle, which allow an antenna to be integrated into the motor vehicle, which is not recognizable as an antenna - even without the additional provision of a fin known from the applicant's vehicles (for example exterior mirrors), it can be in a substantially vertical direction to a substantially vertical Brand emblem arranged at the rear of the vehicle ensures efficient wave radiation in the direction of the rear vehicle environment. The typically central arrangement of the brand emblem also favors efficient monitoring of the rear area based on the antenna device according to the invention.
Die Antenne kann hinter dem eigentlichen Marken-Emblem angeordnet sein und gewissermaßen durch das Marken-Emblem hindurch senden bzw. empfangen. Antenne und Marken-Emblem können dann nahezu unabhängig voneinander konzipiert werden.The antenna can be arranged behind the actual brand emblem and, as it were, transmit or receive through the brand emblem. Antenna and brand emblem can then be designed almost independently.
Die Antenne kann auch zumindest teilweise in eine Ausnehmung des Marken-Emblems hineinragen. Insbesondere im Falle einer Horn-Antenne, die ihre größten geometrischen Abmessungen in ihrer Abstrahlrichtung besitzt, kann das Marken-Emblem einen Hohlraum aufweisen, in den das Horn der Antenne zumindest teilweise hineinragt. Die Tiefe der Antennenvorrichtung kann auf diese Weise reduziert bzw. gering gehalten werden.The antenna can also be at least partially in a recess of the brand emblem protrude. In particular in the case of a horn antenna which has its largest geometric dimensions in its direction of radiation, the brand emblem can have a cavity into which the horn of the antenna projects at least partially. The depth of the antenna device can be reduced or kept low in this way.
Das Marken-Emblem kann die Antenne auch teilweise oder vollständig umschließen. Die Antenne oder ein Teil derselben kann hierzu bereits bei der Fertigung des Marken-Emblems in die Spritzgussform - oder bei anderen Herstellungsverfahren das jeweilige Pendant - eingebracht werden, um anschließend vom Kunststoff umschlossen zu werden. Indem die Antenne zumindest teilweise vom Kunststoff des Marken-Emblems umschlossen wird, wird eine feste mechanische Verbindung mit definierter räumlicher Ausrichtung zwischen Antenne und Marken-Emblem geschaffen.The brand emblem can also partially or completely enclose the antenna. For this purpose, the antenna or a part thereof can already be introduced into the injection mold during the manufacture of the brand emblem - or the corresponding counterpart in other manufacturing processes - in order to then be enclosed by the plastic. By at least partially enclosing the antenna by the plastic of the brand emblem, a firm mechanical connection is created with a defined spatial orientation between the antenna and the brand emblem.
Die Hornantenne ist in besonderem Maße für den Einsatzzweck geeignet, weil sich mit dieser Antennenform gleichzeitig sowohl eine Richtwirkung gut definieren lässt als auch eine sehr hohe Bandbreite erzielbar ist. Besonders im Falle des TEM-Horns lassen sich auch Pulse praktisch ohne Dispersion abstrahlen.The horn antenna is particularly suitable for the intended use, because this antenna shape can be used to define a directional effect and to achieve a very high bandwidth. Especially in the case of the TEM horn, pulses can also be emitted practically without dispersion.
Vorzugsweise ist das Marken-Emblem derart in die überwiegend metallische Außenhaut des Fahrzeugs, eingebracht, dass die metallische Außenhaut eine (z.B. im Wesentlichen kreisförmige) Unterbrechung aufweist, die mit dem Kunststoffmaterial des Marken-Emblems gefüllt ist. Die Abstrahlcharakteristik einer Hornantenne ist im Wesentlichen unabhängig von Metallteilen, die sich außerhalb des Horns bzw. deutlich außerhalb dessen gedachter Verlängerung befinden. Ragt das Horn also durch die Unterbrechung der metallischen Außenhaut hindurch, ergibt sich eine weitgehend unverfälschte Abstrahlcharakteristik, welche durch Anpassung der Antennengeometrie konfigurierbar bleibt. Dasselbe gilt, wenn das Horn zwar bereits hinter der Unterbrechung endet (d.h. näher zum Fahrzeuginneren), wenn jedoch die Abmessungen des Horns und die Abmessungen der Unterbrechung derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass der Querschnitt der gedachten Verlängerung des Horns bis in die Ebene der metallischen Außenhaut komplett innerhalb der Unterbrechung liegt und dies in der Antennenauslegung berücksichtigt wird.The brand emblem is preferably introduced into the predominantly metallic outer skin of the vehicle in such a way that the metallic outer skin has an (e.g. essentially circular) interruption which is filled with the plastic material of the brand emblem. The radiation pattern of a horn antenna is essentially independent of metal parts that are outside the horn or clearly outside its intended extension. If the horn protrudes through the interruption of the metallic outer skin, there is a largely unadulterated radiation characteristic, which remains configurable by adapting the antenna geometry. The same applies if the horn already ends behind the interruption (i.e. closer to the vehicle interior), but if the dimensions of the horn and the dimensions of the interruption are coordinated with one another in such a way that the cross section of the imaginary extension of the horn down to the level of the metallic outer skin is completely within the interruption and this is taken into account in the antenna design.
Die bauliche Integration einer Antenne in ein Marken-Emblem eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist an sich bekannt aus der
Erfindungsgemäß besitzt die als Hornantenne ausgeführte Radar-Antenne eine Füllung aus dielektrischem Material. Ihre Abmessungen, insbesondere ihre Abmessungen in Abstrahlrichtung, können dadurch geringer gehalten werden. Es wird somit insgesamt weniger Bauraum hinter dem Marken-Emblem benötigt.According to the invention, the radar antenna designed as a horn antenna has a filling made of dielectric material. Their dimensions, in particular their dimensions in the direction of radiation, can thereby be kept smaller. Overall, less space is required behind the brand emblem.
Vorzugsweise weist die Hornantenne eine Füllung auf, die eine Dielektrizitätszahl besitzt, die im Wesentlichen derjenigen des Kunststoffs des Marken-Emblems entspricht. Somit werden Reflexionen am Übergang bzw. an der Grenzfläche zwischen Füllung und Marken-Emblem verringert bzw. vermieden.The horn antenna preferably has a filling which has a dielectric constant which essentially corresponds to that of the plastic of the brand emblem. This reduces or prevents reflections at the transition or at the interface between the fill and the brand emblem.
Vorzugsweise grenzt die Füllung der Antenne im Wesentlichen spaltfrei unmittelbar an das Marken-Emblem an. Reflexionen an der Grenzfläche zwischen Füllung und Marken-Emblem und Füllung werden so nahezu vollständig vermieden werden und der Bauraum wird optimal ausgenutzt.The filling of the antenna preferably adjoins the brand emblem essentially without any gaps. Reflections at the interface between the filling and the brand emblem and the filling will be almost completely avoided and the installation space will be optimally used.
In dem bereits angesprochenen Fall, dass die Antenne zumindest teilweise vom Kunststoff des Marken-Emblems umschlossen wird, kann ein Teil des Kunststoffes des Marken-Emblems zumindest einen Teil der Füllung des Marken-Emblems darstellen.In the case already mentioned that the antenna is at least partially surrounded by the plastic of the brand emblem, part of the plastic of the brand emblem can represent at least part of the filling of the brand emblem.
Durch das Herstellen einer mechanischen Verbindung zwischen Marken-Emblem und Füllung, z.B. Umspritzen, Anspritzen, Ankleben oder Einrasten, kann eine bauliche Einheit geschaffen werden, die Marken-Emblem und Radar-Antenne umfasst. Planung, Logistik und Montage werden dadurch vereinfacht. Dies gilt auch dann, wenn die Radar-Antenne auf andere Weise zusammen mit dem Marken-Emblem in eine bauliche Einheit integriert ist.By establishing a mechanical connection between the brand emblem and the filling, e.g. Injection molding, molding, gluing or snapping, a structural unit can be created, which includes the brand emblem and radar antenna. This simplifies planning, logistics and assembly. This also applies if the radar antenna is integrated into a structural unit in another way together with the brand emblem.
Vorzugsweise ist zumindest eine Anschlussleitung der Radar-Antenne aus einer solchen baulichen Einheit herausgeführt und/oder mit einem Steckverbinder an der Außenseite der baulichen Einheit verbunden. Die bauliche Einheit kann so bei der Montage leicht angeschlossen werden. Insbesondere kann die Antenne auf diese Weise gespeist werden und mit der Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage des Heckaufpralls verbunden werden.At least one connecting line of the radar antenna is preferably led out of such a structural unit and / or connected to a plug connector on the outside of the structural unit. The structural unit can thus be easily connected during assembly. In particular, the antenna can be fed in this way and connected to the device for predicting the rear impact.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Erfindung auch deshalb, weil die erfindungsgemäße Art der Unterbringung der Radar-Antenne ohne Weiteres bzw. mit geringen Produktmodifikationen an verschiedenen Fahrzeug-Modellen eines Fahrzeugherstellers umsetzbar ist. Insbesondere eine leicht montierbare bauliche Einheit aus Marken-Emblem und Radar-Antenne kann somit leicht als Gleichteil in verschiedenen Fahrzeug-Modellen verbaut werden.The invention is also particularly advantageous because the type of accommodation of the radar antenna according to the invention can be implemented easily or with minor product modifications on various vehicle models of a vehicle manufacturer. In particular, an easily assembled structural unit consisting of the brand emblem and the radar antenna can thus be easily installed as the same part in different vehicle models.
Ist die Antenne nicht als Radar-Antenne, sondern als Kommunikationsantenne ausgebildet, so ist in der beschriebenen Konfiguration auch eine Fahrzeug-zu-Fahrzeug-Kommunikation mit einem oder mehreren nachfolgenden Fahrzeugen möglich.If the antenna is not designed as a radar antenna, but rather as a communication antenna, vehicle-to-vehicle communication with one or more subsequent vehicles is also possible in the configuration described.
Die Erfindung betrifft also auch eine Antennenvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass eine Kommunikationsantenne derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen vertikal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems am Heck des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordnet ist, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Kommunikationsantenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems zum Rückraum hinter dem Kraftfahrzeug weist und dass empfangene Signale der Kommunikationsantenne an eine Vorrichtung zur Kommunikation des Fahrzeugs mit einem anderen Fahrzeug übermittelt werden. Alle oben bzw. nachfolgend beschriebenen bevorzugten konstruktiven Ausführungsformen der Erfindung lassen sich auch auf diese Variante der Erfindung anwenden.The invention therefore also relates to an antenna device for a motor vehicle, which is characterized in that a communication antenna is arranged behind an essentially vertically oriented surface of a brand emblem at least partially made of plastic at the rear of the motor vehicle in such a way that the direction of radiation of the communication antenna essentially points perpendicularly through the surface of the brand emblem to the rear area behind the motor vehicle and that received signals from the communication antenna are transmitted to a device for communicating the vehicle with another vehicle. All of the preferred constructive embodiments of the invention described above or below can also be applied to this variant of the invention.
Im Folgenden wird anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung beschrieben. Daraus ergeben sich weitere Details, bevorzugte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. Im Einzelnen zeigt
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1 eine Querschnittansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer baulichen Einheit, die ein Marken-Emblem und ein Hornantenne umfasst.
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1 a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a structural unit comprising a brand emblem and a horn antenna.
Wie bereits eingangs erläutert sind der Entwicklung von Antennen für Kraftfahrzeuge sowohl durch den zur Verfügung stehenden Bauraum als auch durch das angestrebte Design des Kraftfahrzeugs enge Rahmenbedingungen gesetzt. Aus der Fahrzeug-Silhouette herausragende Antennen sind insbesondere bei Oberklasse-Fahrzeugen unerwünscht. Eine Integration in die Scheiben des Kraftfahrzeugs ist häufig mit Sichtbehinderungen verbunden. Bestimmte Wellentypen sind zudem weder durch vom Kraftfahrzeug abstehende Antennen noch durch Scheibenantennen optimal empfangbar bzw. abstrahlbar.As already explained at the beginning, the development of antennas for motor vehicles is subject to narrow framework conditions both through the available installation space and through the desired design of the motor vehicle. Antennas protruding from the vehicle silhouette are particularly undesirable in luxury vehicles. Integration into the windows of the motor vehicle is often associated with visual impairments. In addition, certain types of waves cannot be optimally received or radiated either by antennas protruding from the motor vehicle or by disc antennas.
Diese Randbedingungen fordern kreative Lösungen insbesondere für die Integration von bestimmten Antennentypen.These boundary conditions require creative solutions, especially for the integration of certain types of antennas.
Ein geeigneter Ort für eine Antennenintegration für die Frequenzbänder ab etwa 800 MHz (GSM800) ist das an den Fahrzeugen vieler Hersteller zumindest einfach oder gar mehrfach vorhandene Marken-Emblem, sofern dieses im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff gefertigt ist.A suitable place for antenna integration for the frequency bands from approximately 800 MHz (GSM800) is the brand emblem that is at least single or even multiple on the vehicles of many manufacturers, provided that it is essentially made of plastic.
Die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems auf der Motorhaube des Kraftfahrzeugs ist geeignet als Abdeckung, insbesondere im Wesentlichen flache oder leicht zum Fahrzeugäußeren gewölbte Abdeckung, für eine Satellitenradio-Antenne (SDARS) und/oder für eine GPS-Antenne. Solche satellitenbasierten Anwendungen erfordern nämlich eine optimale Abstrahlung in Richtung des Himmels. Eine Antenne für solche Anwendungen ist somit vorteilhaft derart hinter einer im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichteten Oberfläche eines zumindest teilweise aus Kunststoff gefertigten Marken-Emblems an bzw. nahe der Motorhaube eines Kraftfahrzeugs anzuordnen, dass die Abstrahlrichtung der Radar-Antenne im Wesentlichen senkrecht durch die Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems in senkrechter Raumrichtung zum Himmel weist. Eine im Wesentlichen horizontale Ausrichtung ist bei Marken-Emblemen, die an bzw. nahe der Motorhaube eines Kraftfahrzeugs angebracht sind, in der Regel ohnehin gegeben.The surface of a brand emblem on the hood of the motor vehicle is suitable as a cover, in particular a cover that is essentially flat or slightly curved toward the outside of the vehicle, for a satellite radio antenna (SDARS) and / or for a GPS antenna. Such satellite-based applications require optimal radiation towards the sky. An antenna for such applications is thus advantageously to be arranged behind an essentially horizontally oriented surface of a brand emblem at least partially made of plastic on or near the hood of a motor vehicle in such a way that the radiation direction of the radar antenna is essentially perpendicular through the surface of the brand -Emblems pointing perpendicular to the sky. An essentially horizontal alignment is generally given in any case for brand emblems which are attached to or near the bonnet of a motor vehicle.
Die oben genannte Nutzung der Oberfläche des Emblems als Abdeckung für die Antenne beinhaltet zumindest zwei Ausführungsfälle. Zum einen beinhaltet sie den Fall, dass die Antenne hinter dem Emblem angeordnet ist und das ganze Emblem eine Abdeckung für die Antenne darstellt. Zum anderen beinhaltet sie den Fall, dass die Antenne zumindest teilweise in das Emblem hineinragt und/oder von diesem umschlossen ist, jedoch nicht über die Oberfläche des Emblems hinausragt.The above-mentioned use of the surface of the emblem as a cover for the antenna includes at least two implementation cases. On the one hand, it includes the case that the antenna is arranged behind the emblem and the entire emblem is a cover for the antenna. On the other hand, it includes the case that the antenna at least partially protrudes into and / or is enclosed by the emblem, but does not protrude beyond the surface of the emblem.
Die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Fahrzeugheck kann insbesondere die Abdeckung nach hinten für eine MIMO-Antenne oder ein Switched-beam-System darstellen. Die in der Regel im Wesentlichen vertikale Ausrichtung eines Marken-Emblems am Fahrzeugheck begünstigt die für typische Anwendungen von solchen Antennen, nämlich terrestrische Anwendungen, erforderliche Abstrahlung im Wesentlichen parallel zur Erdoberfläche.The surface of a brand emblem on the rear of the vehicle can in particular represent the rear cover for a MIMO antenna or a switched-beam system. The generally vertical alignment of a brand emblem on the rear of the vehicle favors the radiation required for typical applications of such antennas, namely terrestrial applications, essentially parallel to the surface of the earth.
Für die bauliche Integration hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems, die als ebene oder zum Fahrzeugäußeren gewölbten Abdeckung dient, sind für satellitenbasierte Anwendungen Patch-Antennen aufgrund ihrer geometrischen Grundform besonders geeignet. Insbesondere mit zirkular polarisierten Patch-Antennen lassen sich in satellitenbasierten Anwendungen gute Resultate erzielen. Neben Patch-Antennen sind aber auch andere für satellitenbasierte Anwendungen einsetzbare Antennentypen, nämlich verkürzte Monopole, verkürzte (Kreuz-) Dipole, Cavity-Antennen oder Loop-Antennen, für die Antennenintegration hinter einer solchen ebenen oder leicht nach außen gewölbten Abdeckung geeignet.Patch antennas are particularly suitable for satellite-based applications due to their basic geometric shape for structural integration behind the surface of a brand emblem, which serves as a flat cover or one that is curved to the outside of the vehicle. With circularly polarized patch antennas in particular, good results can be achieved in satellite-based applications. In addition to patch antennas, other antenna types that can be used for satellite-based applications, namely shortened monopoles, shortened (cross) dipoles, cavity antennas or loop antennas, are also suitable for antenna integration behind such a flat or slightly curved cover.
Für terrestrische Dienste sind, angeordnet hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs, ebenfalls Cavity-Antennen geeignet. Zudem lassen sich auch Inverted-F Antennen und kurze Horn-Antennen vorteilhaft hinter der Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs anbringen.Cavity antennas are also suitable for terrestrial services, arranged behind the surface of a brand emblem at the rear of a motor vehicle. In addition, inverted-F antennas and short horn antennas can also be advantageously placed behind the surface of a brand emblem on the rear of a motor vehicle.
Besonders Hornantennen eignen sich auch zum Betrieb als sehr breitbandige Antennen (pulseradiating horn). Die Antenne wird hierbei am strahlenden Ende mit der Oberfläche des Marken-Emblems abgedeckt. In dieser Konfiguration kann die Oberfläche eines Marken-Emblems am Heck eines Kraftfahrzeugs als Abdeckung für die Antenne eines UltraWideBand(UWB)-Radars zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls dienen.Horn antennas in particular are also suitable for operation as very broadband antennas (pulseradiating horn). The antenna is covered at the radiating end with the surface of the brand emblem. In this configuration, the surface of a brand emblem on the rear of a motor vehicle can serve as a cover for the antenna of an UltraWideBand (UWB) radar for predicting a rear impact.
Eine Seitenschnitt einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer baulichen Einheit, die ein Marken-Emblem und ein Hornantenne umfasst, ist in
Die Füllung
Die bauliche Einheit, welche im Wesentlichen gebildet wird durch die Antenne
Die unverfälschte Abstrahlcharakteristik ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die fehlerfreie Funktion einer mit den Antennensignalen versorgten (nicht eigens grafisch dargestellten) Vorrichtung zur Vorhersage eines Heckaufpralls.The unadulterated radiation characteristic is of particular importance for the correct functioning of a device for predicting a rear-end collision that is supplied with the antenna signals (not specifically shown graphically).
Statt eines Horns mit lediglich zwei Wänden
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