DE102007022700B4 - loosening device - Google Patents

Abstract

Loosening device for a stack (2) of flat substrates (4, 8, 11, 13, 15, 41, 42, 43) such as papers or the like stacked along a stacking axis (3), in particular for feed and separation systems and / or storage - and drying systems, with a radial fan wheel (5) for generating an air flow (7) to form an air cushion (8, 11, 13, 15, 41, 42, 43) at least between a first flat substrate (9) and one in the stack adjacent second flat substrate (10), wherein the radial fan wheel (5) is arranged directly adjacent to an edge side (21) of the stack, directly acting on the stack (2) with the air flow (7), characterized in that the radial fan wheel (5 ) is designed and arranged in such a way that the extent (1) of the impact area (B) of the air flow (7) on the edge side (21) of the stack (3) transversely to the stack axis (3) is greater than the diameter (d) of the radial fan wheel (5), and that the radial fan wheel (5) ge is designed free from housing.

Description

The invention relates to a loosening device for a stack of flat substrates stacked along a stacking axis, such as papers or the like, having a fan for generating an airflow for forming an airbag at least between a first flat substrate and a second flat substrate immediately adjacent in the stack, wherein the fan immediately adjacent to an edge side of the stack, the stack is arranged to act directly on the air flow. The invention also relates to a feeding and separating system for flat substrates stacked in a stack along a stacking axis, such as papers and the like, with a transport device for the first substrate of the stack. Further, the invention relates to a filing and drying system for flat printed substrates such as papers and the like stacked in a stack along a stacking axis and a substrate handling system.

Loosening devices for substrates deposited in a stack are used, in particular, in feed and singulation systems, in particular in the high-speed feed and singulation area, in particular for rectangular, sheet-shaped substrates. In addition, loosening devices of the aforementioned type are used in storage and drying systems for stored in a stack of printed substrates. Loosening devices serve to separate at least the first substrate of a stack from the immediately adjacent substrate by forming an at least partial air cushion between the substrates, for example, so that the first substrate can be transported away by a transport device, without the adjacent second substrate is transported. In depositing and drying systems, the loosening device in particular has the task of forming at least one air cushion between the first and the immediately adjacent second substrate of a stack in order to prevent impairment (smearing) of the printed image of the second substrate and to accelerate the drying process of the printed image ,

An integrated in a feeding and separating system loosening device of the type mentioned is in the DE 197 14 204 A1 disclosed. In the known loosening device is located above the substrate stack at least one fan for generating an air flow. This airflow generated at a great distance from the edge sides of the substrate stack is directed via air ducts (plastic pipes and / or plastic hoses) with end nozzles to the edge sides of the stack to form an air cushion between adjacent substrates and thus at least partially separate them. Such loosening devices are complex, difficult to assemble and therefore costly to manufacture and in maintenance. However, the known loosening devices have been proven in high-speed Zuführ- and separation systems for small-sized substrates and for substrates with a basis weight of less than 200 g / m ² . In contrast, large-sized substrates and substrates with a weight per unit area of more than 200 g / m ² , in particular more than 250 g / m ^{2, present} difficulties. Special difficulties are caused by so-called "glossy papers", ie glossy or photo papers, which inherently have a high weight per unit area. In such papers, it has been observed that adhesion and friction between the individual sheets within a substrate stack having identical substrate types can vary widely. As a result, individual substrates adhere differently strongly to the respectively adjacent substrate, which in turn causes difficulties in the formation of at least partial separating air cushions. Often, therefore, there is a multiple feed and thus a paper jam in supply and separation systems.

From the US 6,877,734 B2 It is known to arrange a not-described fan impeller stationary next to a stack of paper, wherein the air flow generated by the fan impinges directly, ie directly on the stack. However, due to the provision of a guide nozzle, the air stream impinging on the stack is narrowly focused, whereby a comparatively strong air flow has to be generated in order to separate the papers over a large area from one another. This in turn means that a hold limiter must be provided to prevent the paper from lifting off of the stack in an uncontrolled manner.

From the US 6,746,011 B2 For example, a loosening device is known in which the airflow generated by a radial fan is directed through a variable length duct to a side edge of the stack, thereby attenuating the airflow through the unavoidable pipe friction. Another disadvantage is the strong focus of the air flow.

From the US 6,729,614 B2 It is known to provide a radial flow for loosening a paper stack to produce a radial flow with perpendicular to the stack axis axis of rotation and to redirect the air flow generated by a nozzle by 90 ° in the direction of the paper stack, whereby flow losses. A direct flow of the stack by means of the air flow is not given due to the deflection.

From the US 2005/0285326 A1 is a loosening device with a trained as a radial fan impeller, wherein the air flow generated by the fan wheel is narrowly focused by a nozzle housing, whereby the air flow impinges only on a narrow portion of the stack. This can cause problems when loosening very thick papers.

In all the above cases, a fan is used in combination with air guide elements. Due to the size and mass of such ventilation systems, these are difficult to position accurately and therefore require air guide elements such as hoses, nozzles or louvers to direct the air flow. In addition, substrate hold-downs are required to limit the impact.

From the DE 90 04 639 U1 For example, a loosening device with axial fan wheels arranged in housings is known, which produce a comparatively narrowly focused air flow. The loosening device is in need of improvement.

The DE 42 07 635 A1 shows a loosening device with a number of air nozzles.

The invention has for its object to provide a loosening device for a stack of stacked flat substrates along a stack axis, which is simple on the one hand and on the other hand, a separation of large-sized substrates and / or substrates with a basis weight of about 200 g / m ² satisfactorily enabled.

With regard to the loosening device, the object is achieved with the features of claim 1.

The invention also leads to a substrate handling system, in particular to a deformation system, duplication and / or printing and / or scanning system with a loosening device according to the invention. A deformation, cutting or punching system relates in particular to a system (Creasing System) for the controlled bending or buckling of substrates, in particular at their edges. Also possible are specific shapes for substrates, including three-dimensional ones, for example for producing book spines or folding boxes.

The invention is based on the consideration that the air lines used in the prior art, which are necessary in order to direct the air flow from a central fan to the edge sides of the stack, for a cost-intensive to manufacture and difficult to assemble and at the same time Reduce airflow due to line friction. The invention has recognized that an optimized air flow can be generated on the one hand by arranging at least one fan wheel in the immediate vicinity of at least one edge side of the stack, such that the air flow generated by the fan wheel from the ambient air flows directly without flowing through an air line must - impinges on the substrate edges. Furthermore, the invention has recognized that a wide air flow for loosening the substrate stack can be surprisingly easily generated with a designed as a radial fan impeller, ie a fan, the air from at least one axial direction sucks and the air in the radial direction directly, d. H. directs to the stack.

A central idea of the invention is to design and / or arrange the fan wheel embodied as a radial fan wheel in such a way that the impact area of the air flow generated by the fan wheel on the stack is wider, d. H. transverse to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel and transverse to the stacking axis is longer than the diameter of the fan wheel. In order to achieve this, a radial fan is particularly suitable, since it builds up only moderate pressure at a high flow rate, but is suitable, especially for a housing-free and / or nozzle-free and / or air-guiding element-free design, at a suitable position for the stack area to be ventilated. aerating an upper stack of parts tangentially, the number of sheets ventilated depending on the fan power, the paper weight, and the axial fan blade height.

In other words, the extent of the impingement of the air flow on the stack, ie the extent of the transverse to the stack axis or transverse to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel is greater than the diameter of the fan wheel. This can be realized, for example, in that the fan wheel is freely arranged, that is, the air flow generated by it is not passed through a nozzle and / or narrowed by side guide plates, that is focused. The impact area on an edge side of the stack is preferably the surface portion to which the airflow generated by the fan impinges without being previously deflected by a nozzle and / or a guide element. Since the air stream impinges in a very wide impact area on the edge side of the stack, surprisingly, very heavy substrates can be loosened up. Another significant advantage of the invention is that it can be dispensed with nozzles or guide elements (guide plates) used in the prior art and just by the waiver of these nozzles and / or guide plates or vanes a positive loosening effect is achieved. Preferably, the impact area is about 1.2 to about 4 times longer than the diameter of the fan wheel. In particular, the diameter of the Fan wheel about 3 to 6 cm and the extent of the impact area transverse to the stack axis is about 10 to 15 cm.

According to a preferred embodiment, the axis of rotation (rotation axis) of the radial fan wheel runs at least approximately parallel to the stack axis of the stack, whereby an angle of approximately ± 15 ° to the stack axis is just acceptable. In this way, on the one hand, the air flow can be optimized in such a way that even large-format and / or heavy substrates with a basis weight of more than 200 g / m ^{2 can} be loosened up satisfactorily. On the other hand, it is possible to dispense with the air lines necessary in the state of the art, which considerably simplifies the construction of the loosening device according to the invention, which in turn leads to easier assembly and lower production and maintenance costs. It is within the scope of the invention to arrange a plurality of fan wheels, which are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the stack, as radial fans adjacent to at least one edge side of the stack, so that overall a stronger air flow impinges directly on at least one edge side of the stack, thereby improving the air cushion formation , In this case, if possible, all fan wheels should be designed and / or arranged such that the respective impact area of the associated air flow on the edge side (s) of the stack transverse to the respective axis of rotation is longer than the respective fan diameter. Another significant advantage of the arrangement of the fan wheel in the immediate vicinity of an edge side of the stack is that a broader air flow can be generated in a simple manner, which not only allows separation of the first substrate from the adjacent second substrate, but is ensured with the in that a larger number of substrates are separated from each other by means of an air cushion. Another advantage of the inventive concept is that the use of a particular trained as an injection molded part or molded plastic molding fan with lower power than in the prior art is possible because the airflow generated by the fan first has to cover a smaller distance and secondly not in Air lines is braked by the line friction. Preferably, the fan is driven by a drive, in particular the fan arranged on a shaft of the drive in the immediate vicinity, preferably in a common housing.

Advantageously, the drive is a 12 V or 24 V universal or DC motor.

It has proven to be advantageous if the distance of the fan from one edge side of the stack is less than 30 mm, preferably less than 25 mm, in particular less than 20 mm, preferably less than 15 mm. The distance is preferably in a range between about 8 mm and about 12 mm. Particularly good loosening results are achieved if the distance of the fan wheel to a separating wheel and / or to a ramp of a separating device corresponds to half to one third of the length of the substrate. The position of the fan wheel relative to the stacking axis is preferably selected such that the center of the fan wheel is at least approximately, in particular before the loosening at the height of the first substrate in the stack.

The invention can be realized independently of the course of the stack axis, that is, regardless of whether it is, for example, a vertically extending stack (vertical stacking axis) or stacked in a horizontal direction stack (horizontal stacking direction) or even a in a skew stack stacked (oblique stack axis) is. The stacking axis extends in each case perpendicular to the surface extension of the substrates. It is only essential that the at least one designed as a radial fan impeller is disposed adjacent to an edge side of the stack, so that the generated, broad air flow directly on the side edge of the stacked substrates meets and that on an impact area on the stack whose extension transverse to Rotation axis of the fan is greater than the diameter of the fan wheel.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims and specify in particular advantageous ways to realize the above-described concept within the scope of the problem and with regard to further advantages.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the radial fan is free, d. H. arranged housing-free and / or free of nozzles and / or free of air guide elements to realize the largest possible impact area.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fan generates a substantially continuous air flow. Experiments have shown that this makes it possible to optimally form air cushions of constant size between two adjacent substrates. In this case, the fan does not have to be operated in continuous operation, but it is possible to activate the fan only (or shortly before) by means of a control unit, if a separation of the deposited in the stack substrates is necessary. In a loosening device integrated in a feeding and separating system, the Fan, for example, shortly before, in particular 1 to 5 seconds, preferably about 1 to 3 seconds before the request (start signal) of a first substrate activated by the transport device and preferably operated at a high speed. The time and speed should be such that the at least one air cushion can form completely. After this activation phase, the speed can be reduced and the fan can be operated at a constant speed. This can be achieved by reducing the motor current. By the associated reduction of the air flow is achieved that the substrate formed by the reduced angle of the first substrate in the stack to the ramp of a separating device remains within the limits that allow a pushing up of the uppermost (first) substrate, so the friction, compression and bending forces can be overcome. After a time constant from a start signal for separating the first substrate or a sensor signal for a substrate movement is carried out, the rotational speed of the fan wheel is increased in order to keep the friction of the substrate to be separated small, preferably until the substrate has left the separator rollers of the separating device. Thereafter, the speed can be reduced to the dependent on at least one substrate parameter default.

Preferably, the strength, i. H. the volume flow and / or the pressure of the air flow generated by the fan wheel in dependence of at least one substrate parameter, such as the substrate thickness, the substrate size, or the substrate bending stiffness adjustable. According to a first alternative, this adjustment can be made manually, for example by means of a rotary switch, or automatically via a control unit, the control unit being supplied with suitable information about the substrate parameters either manually or via corresponding sensors. Preferably, the adjustment, d. H. Variation of the air flow, by changing the speed of the fan and / or by the connection or disconnection of other fan wheels.

During operation of a device provided with the loosening device, the extent of the stack varies along the stacking axis, in particular by removing substrates from the stack or by adding substrates into the stack. In order to ensure that the at least one designed as a radial fan impeller with respect to the stack at any time occupies an optimum relative position, ie in particular in the top or front of the stack is in development of the invention advantageously provided that the fan and the stack are adjustable relative to each other along the stack axis. In this case, the adjustment does not necessarily run exactly parallel to the stacking axis, but the Relativverstellbewegung can also be completed along an arcuate path along the stacking axis. It is within the scope of the invention, either exclusively the fan or exclusively to arrange the stack adjustable, or to provide an adjustability of both the fan and the stack. The relative adjustment movement preferably takes place automatically as a function of the extent of the stack along the stacking axis.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the stack is adjustable relative to the, in particular stationary fan wheel. In this case, the adjustability of the stack relative to the designed as a radial fan impeller can be realized in many ways. For example, it is possible to arrange the stack on a lifting table, in particular with a scissor joint drive. This arrangement of the stack allows the realization of a relative to the stack axis Relativverstellvorgangs. Furthermore, it is conceivable, in particular in the case of a stack stacked in a horizontal or an oblique direction, to associate with the stack a sliding mechanism with which the stack can be adjusted relative to the fan wheel in a horizontal or oblique direction.

Furthermore, it is possible to arrange only one stacking section, preferably a front stacking section in the removal direction (transport direction), relative to the, in particular then stationary, fan wheel. For this purpose, it is conceivable, for example, to arrange the stack portion to be adjusted on a lift plate, which is preferably pivotally mounted about a pivot joint, wherein advantageously the lift plate is spring-loaded and / or driven by a motor pivoting about the pivot axis.

In order to allow the fan wheel to follow a stack which shrinks or grows during operation of a device provided with the loosening device, so that the fan wheel operates within an optimal range at all times, it is additionally or preferably alternative to provide an active adjustability of the stack. the fan wheel can be adjusted relative to the stack along the stack axis of the stack, that is to say depending on the stacking direction, for example in a vertical or horizontal direction. Characterized in that a comparatively wide air flow is generated by the immediately adjacent to an edge side of the stack arranged fan, it is not absolutely necessary to adjust the fan already after the removal or storage of one or a few substrates along the stack axis, but the adjustment the fan wheel, for example, must be made only when the stack has shrunk or grown, for example by 2 mm or 5 mm, without negatively affecting the separation of the substrates.

Preferably, the adjustment of the fan along the stack axis takes place automatically, in particular as a function of the extent of the stack along the stack axis.

An embodiment is preferred in which the at least one fan wheel is adjustable at least approximately parallel to the stack axis along the stack axis. In this case, as an alternative to a precisely parallel adjustment relative to the stacking axis, the adjustment movement can be carried out on a curved, preferably arcuate path as long as the deviation of the angle formed by the fan wheel to the surface of the sheet remains within +/- 15 °.

In a development of the invention, it is advantageously provided that the fan wheel is coupled to a separating device such that the fan wheel follows a movement of the component of the separating device along the stacking axis. The coupling can be done both electronically and mechanically.

The provision of a mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with a component of the separating device has the advantage that it is possible to dispense with a separate adjusting drive for adjusting the fan wheel along the stacking axis, since an adjusting movement of a component of the separating device, in particular of an arm carrying a separating head (separating wheel), directly causes or causes a mechanically coupled adjusting the fan wheel.

Preferably, the mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with a component of the separating device is designed such that the fan wheel and a component of the separating device are pivotable about a common pivot axis. The pivot axis can be provided for example by a rotatably mounted shaft with which both the fan and the component of the separating, preferably rotatably connected.

As an alternative to a mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with the separating device, in particular with an arm carrying at least one separating wheel, the invention provides that the extent of the stack along the stacking axis is determined by means of a sensor and a corresponding adjusting drive for adjusting the fan wheel along the Stacking axis is driven accordingly. For example, by means of an angle sensor, the pivoting angle of a pivotable arm of a separating device is detected and derived therefrom, the extent of the stack along the stacking axis and an adjusting drive associated with the fan are controlled accordingly. Alternatively, it is conceivable to detect the extent of the stack along the stacking axis by means of a sensor that is independent of the separating device and to control the adjusting drive as a function of the sensor signal.

Advantageous is an embodiment with two along the stacking axis spaced fan wheels, which are preferably driven by a common drive and preferably on opposite sides of the drive rotatably connected to the motor shaft. Advantageously, this fan unit is adjustable relative to the stack along the stack axis. In this way, a conical ventilation of the foremost or topmost stack section can be ensured, even if the uppermost arranged impeller is pulled up due to the flexural rigidity of the uppermost substrate during the extraction first. Without another, lower fan wheel, the air cushions between the currently removed substrate and the remaining substrates could temporarily collapse, especially when dealing with large, heavy substrates.

Advantageously, it is provided in a further development of the invention that the fan wheel is arranged in the region of an opening in a side stop of the stack and acts on the stack directly through this opening through the generated air flow. Preferably, the fan along the opening and thus along the stack axis is arranged relative to the stack adjustable. Preferably, the side fence is a solid, d. H. non-adjustable side stop. On the other hand, if the fan wheel is arranged on an adjustable side stop which can be adapted to the substrate format, then the fan wheel, in particular together with the side stop, should be adjustable relative to the stack.

Preferred is an embodiment in which the fan is at least on the edge side of the stack side facing formed without a housing. Alternatively, the fan wheel on the side facing the edge side of the stack may be equipped with a permeable, approximately grid-shaped housing wall for the protection of an operator.

In order to enable the Auflockerungsvorrichtung also a separation of the case of a strongly shrinking stack last substrates, it is advantageous if the fan can be moved in the case of a stacked stack in the vertical direction with a lateral distance to the stack under the last substrate to this from a substrate support be separated by forming an air cushion between the substrate and the substrate support. In a horizontally arranged stack, the fan should be at least partially adjustable behind the last substrate in the stack.

A further possibility for setting the air flow acting directly on an edge side of the stack is to arrange the fan wheel so as to be adjustable transversely to the stacking axis, so that the distance between the fan wheel and the edge side of the stack can be varied. Preferably, this adjustment is done automatically, preferably by means of a servomotor, but also a manual adjustment option can be realized. Preferably, a control unit is provided for automatic adjustment of the distance of the fan wheel to an edge side of the stack, which allows a variation of the distance of the fan wheel to the stack as a function of a substrate parameter.

It has proved to be advantageous to dimension or form the drive of the at least one fan wheel, in particular an electric motor and / or the fan wheel, in such a way that all the substrates in a stack section have a height (height of the impact area) of between about 10 mm and about 30 mm, preferably between about 10 mm and 20 mm, wherein the substrates preferably have a weight per unit area of between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² , or more and / or formed in A3 format are.

Preferably, the dimensioning or design of the drive and / or the fan wheel is such that by means of the air flow between about 3 and about 15 substrates, preferably between about 5 and 10 substrates, can be loosened simultaneously, wherein the substrates preferably have a basis weight between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² , or more and / or formed in A3 format. Of course, it is possible to provide for achieving such Auflockerungsraten more, preferably oppositely positioned and / or side by side and / or stacked and preferably together along the stack axis and / or arranged transversely arranged fan wheels.

Very good loosening results were achieved with a fan wheel, which comprises a plate extending transversely to the stack axis and rotatably arranged, preferably closed, d. H. is not permeable to air in the axial direction. This plate, from which extends in a first axial direction at least one fan blade, serves as a kind of air guide, which is a radial outflow, d. H. an outflow transverse to the stacking axis, in the direction of an edge side of the stack allows. The at least one fan blade is fixed to the plate and extending from the plate in the axial direction and in the radial direction. Of particular advantage is an embodiment in which the fan is equipped with a plurality of circumferentially, preferably equally spaced fan blades for generating a constant, continuous air flow.

An optimized efficiency of the fan wheel is obtained when additionally extends from the plate at least one fan blade in a second axial direction opposite to the first axial direction. Preferably, a plurality of circumferentially, preferably equally spaced, fan blades extend in the second axial direction, preferably as many as in the first axial direction. As a result, a strong and broad air flow is generated, which enables a loosening of a plurality of stacked substrates. The fan blades, which extend in the radial direction and are oriented axially between the fan blades oriented in the different axial directions, radiate the air flow transversely to the stacking axis.

Particularly good loosening results have been achieved if the fan blades oriented in the different axial directions are arranged in the circumferential direction, preferably uniformly offset from one another. As a result, a particularly constant air flow can be generated.

Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the fan wheel can suck in the air freely from at least one axial direction, d. H. the fan is formed without a housing cover and / or a housing bottom. In a fan with at least approximately vertically extending axis of rotation, this means that above and / or below the actual fan wheel no horizontal housing plate is provided.

The fan is completely free of housing. However, it is conceivable to associate with the fan wheel on the side facing away from the stack a "protective plate" or protective element, in particular made of plastic, wherein the protective plate should not extend into a circular segment half of the fan wheel facing the stack, since otherwise it could focus the air flow, which is not desirable.

To generate at least one stable air cushion, it is advantageous if a further fan impeller and / or a stowage wall is arranged on the side opposite the impeller, so that the injected between two substrates air between the substrates and thus can form an air cushion.

It is conceivable, as mentioned at the beginning, to stack the stack both along a horizontal, vertical or inclined stacking axis.

Of particular advantage is an embodiment in which the loosening device is formed without a holder. This means that in addition to the separating device, in particular in addition to at least one separating wheel and optionally a sensor for determining the stacking extension no separate hold-down for holding down substrates is provided. This embodiment can be realized in particular by a speed control of the radial fan and / or by the provision of a relative adjustment between the radial fan and the stack along the stack axis.

A feeding and separating system according to the invention for flat substrates stacked in a stack along a stacking axis, such as papers and the like with a transport device for transporting the respective first substrate of the stack, is characterized by a loosening device described above. As a result, the feeding and separating system is optimally suitable for feeding and separating substrates with a large basis weight and / or of large-format substrates. Particularly suitable is the feeding and separating system for feeding and separating high-gloss and photo papers, especially in high-speed operation of up to 6,000 substrates per hour. The loosening device has the task at least partially to separate at least the first substrate of the stack from the underlying substrate by forming an air cushion between the substrates, so that the first substrate can be detected separately and separately by the transport device.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the transport device of the feeding and separating system comprises at least one separating wheel conveying the first substrate on or via a ramp, which may for example be designed as a vacuum wheel, and / or is adjustable against the transport device in a separating head during the transporting operation. Thus, even higher throughput rates than 6,000 substrates per hour can be achieved.

The storage and drying system according to the invention for flat printed substrates stacked in a stack along a stacking axis is characterized by a loosening device described above. The loosening device serves to separate at least the first substrate of the stack by means of an air cushion from the second substrate of the stack, so as to prevent damage, in particular smearing of the printed image of the second substrate, and at the same time to increase the drying speed of the printed image due to the air flow , Due to the provision of a loosening device described above, the filing and drying system is particularly suitable for heavy and large format substrates, especially for glossy papers and / or photographic papers.

The substrate handling system according to the invention is suitable due to the provision of a feeding and separating system equipped with a loosening device and / or a filing and / or drying system equipped with a loosening device for handling large-format and / or heavy substrates, in particular high-gloss papers and / or photographic papers.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawings. These are not necessarily to scale the embodiments, but the drawings, where appropriate for explanation, executed in a schematized and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings directly recognizable from the drawings reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be understood that various modifications and changes in the form and detail may be made in the embodiment without departing from the general idea of the invention. The disclosed in the description, in the drawings and in the claims features of the invention may be essential both individually and in any combination for the development of the invention. The general idea of the invention is not limited to the exact form or exact detail of the embodiment shown and described below or limited to an object which would be limited in comparison with the subject matter claimed in the claims. For the given design ranges, values within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be arbitrarily usable and claimable.

The subject of the application is also a loosening device according to the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized in that the fan wheel is coupled to a separating device such that the fan wheel follows a movement of a component of the separating device along the stacking axis. On this subject, all claims should be considered to be referred back and be claimed in any combination with such a trained loosening device.

For further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be explained with reference to the figures.

The figures show in:

1 a loosening device having a fan wheel adjacent to an edge side of a stack, the fan wheel having fan blades extending only in a first axial direction from a plate,

2 an alternative embodiment of a loosening device in which the fan wheel is equipped with fan blades pointing from a plate in two opposite axial directions,

3 a feeding and separating system equipped with a loosening device with a transport device indicated only schematically,

4 1 a schematic representation of air cushions which can be generated by means of a fan wheel arranged on an edge side of a stack,

5 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system with two or four arranged on opposite edge sides of a stack fan wheels,

6 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system with a loosening device, the fan is arranged on a rear edge side of the stack and

7 a highly schematic representation of a feeding and separating system, with a loosening device, the fan is arranged on a front edge side of the stack,

8th a filing and drying system equipped with a loosening device,

9 a supply and separation system equipped with a loosening device, in which both a separating device and the fan wheel are coupled to a shaft which extends transversely to the stacking axis of the stack,

10 : a feeding and separating system in a plan view,

11 : a feeding and separating system in a front view,

12 : a representation of a possible mechanical coupling of the fan wheel with a separating device,

13 : A plan view of the arrangement according to 12 .

14a and

14b an alternative coupling mechanism between the impeller and a separating device at different stacking extensions along the stack axis, with almost parallel guidance of the fan to the paper surface,

15a and 15b an alternative arrangement for tracking two fan wheels parallel to the stack axis,

16 a feeding and separating system with a non-adjustable arranged fan and arranged on a lifting table stack and

17 a feeding and separating system with a pivotable lift plate and a fixedly arranged fan.

In the figures, the same components and components with the same function with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a loosening device 1 for a pile 2 out along a vertical stacking axis 3 stacked flat substrates 4 , Photopapers in this embodiment.

The loosening device 1 includes a radial fan wheel designed as a radial fan 5 that of a trained as an electric motor drive 6 is driven in rotation. The rotationally driven radial fan 5 generates an airflow 7 , by means of which an air cushion 8th between a first flat substrate 9 (top substrate) and one in the stack 2 immediately adjacent second substrate 10 is produced. In addition, the airflow generates 7 another air cushion 11 between the second substrate 10 and the adjacent third substrate 12 and another air cushion 13 between the third substrate 12 and the adjacent fourth substrate 14 as well as another air cushion 15 between the fourth substrate 14 and the adjacent fifth substrate 16 , so that by means of the radial fan 5 in this embodiment, the top four substrates in a section 47 with an extension of 1-3 cm along the stack axis 3 loosened, ie at least partially separated from each other.

The radial fan 5 is adjacent to one in the drawing plane left along the stack axis 3 in the vertical direction extending edge side 17 of the pile 2 arranged. An axis of rotation 18 of the radial fan wheel 5 extends parallel to the vertical stacking axis 3 and is at a distance A of 3.5 cm in this embodiment to the left edge side 17 arranged. The diameter d of the radial fan 5 is about 4 cm, so the distance between radial fan 5 and edge side 17 is about 1.0 cm. The of the rotating driven radial fan 5 air flow generated from the ambient air 7 flows essentially transversely to the stack axis 3 that is, in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation 18 directly on from the lateral edges of the substrates 4 formed side edge 17 and fans there in the area of the air flow 7 by forming the already mentioned airbags 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 on. The radial fan 5 is designed housing-free. In particular, the radial fan wheel 5 no upper and lower housing cover, so that air can be sucked in freely from the axial direction. How out 1 can be seen, is the radial fan 5 free of a nozzle or side vanes, so that the air flow over a very large width of the Radialzuffterrad 5 is delivered. The in the plane of the drawing, ie transverse to the axis of rotation 18 extending impact area B of the airflow 7 and the edge side 17 has a greater extent in the plane of the drawing than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 ,

To improve the air cushion training is on the left edge side 17 opposite right edge side 19 of the pile 2 a stowage wall 20 provided a rapid escape of the between the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 to prevent injected air. Optionally, also on a front side of the drawing in the plane of the drawing 21 and one of these opposite, invisible, rear edge sides of the stack 2 Stowage walls are provided.

The radial fan 5 is along the vertical stacking axis 3 adjustable by means of an actuator, not shown.

In addition, by means of the actuator, not shown, the distance A between the axis of rotation 18 and the pile 2 variable. In particular, between a minimum distance at which between the radial fan 5 and the left edge side 17 only a few millimeters remain and a maximum distance of about 1.5 cm in this embodiment. The distance A must be chosen so that the side on the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 impinging airflow is sufficiently strong to at least the air cushion 8th , prefers all air cushions 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 and if necessary to train more air cushions.

Adjusting the radial fan 5 with drive 6 is preferably such that the air flow generated at any time on the respective uppermost substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 incident. An adjustment of the radial fan 5 along the vertical stacking axis 3 is particularly advantageous if the loosening device 1 Part of a feeding and separating system or a filing and drying system, in which the extension of the stack 2 along the stack axis 3 constantly changed.

The radial fan 5 includes a circular contoured plate 23 , which rotatably with an armature shaft 24 of the drive 6 connected is. From the rotating drivable plate 23 extend in a first axial direction 25 four circumferentially by 90 ° to each other offset fan blades 26 extending in the radial direction from the armature shaft 24 extend to the outside. The diameter of the plate 23 is dimensioned such that the plate 23 the radial boundary all fan blades 26 represents. The maximum diameter d of the radial fan 5 So is the diameter of the plate 23 certainly.

As in 1 schematically by the two arrows 27 implied, the radial fan sucks 5 Ambient air from the axial direction and gives the air flow 7 essentially in the radial direction, wherein a portion of the air flow 7 on the left side edge 17 flows down and through the arrows 27 indicated intake flow is supplied again.

The embodiment according to 2 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to 1 so that to avoid repetition in the following, only the differences will be discussed.

It can be seen that the radial fan 5 not just in the first axial direction 25 extending fan blades 26 but also with it from the plate 23 in one of the first axial direction 25 opposite second axial direction extending fan blades 29 is provided. There are on each axial side of the plate 23 four fan blades each 26 . 29 provided in the circumferential direction to each other evenly (45 °) offset, that are arranged positioned on the gap. This sucks the radial fan 5 from the two opposite axial directions 25 . 28 Ambient air (arrows 27 and 30 ). This in turn leads to a comparison with the embodiment according to 1 widened airflow 7 , the one section 31 of the pile 2 loosens up, so the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 33 separated from each other. The extension of the section 31 along the stack axis 3 is about 10-15 mm in this embodiment. Such a trained radial fan 5 is particularly suitable for the separation of particularly heavy substrates with a basis weight of more than 250 g / m ² . An essential Advantage of the radial fan 5 according to 2 opposite the radial fan 5 according to 1 is that the radial fan 5 with fluctuating stacking extension along the stacking axis 3 less often needs to be readjusted to at least the first substrate 9 from the adjacent second substrate 10 by forming the air cushion 8th to separate from each other. Also in the embodiment according to 2 is the diameter d of the radial fan 5 smaller than the extension of the impact area B of the airflow 7 transverse to the stack axis 3 on the edge side 17 ,

In 3 is schematically a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. Again, the substrates 4 within a pile 2 stored. With the right in the drawing level edge side 19 is the stack 2 or are the substrates 4 at an inclined ramp in the plane of the drawing 35 at. For removal of the respective first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is a purely schematically indicated separating wheel 36 provided in the direction of the arrow 37 is driven in rotation and in the direction of the arrow 38 - against the transport direction 39 of the substrate 9 - is adjusted to the right in the plane of the drawing 40 of the first substrate 9 along the ramp 35 in the transport direction 39 to move.

At the removal of the first substrate 9 a co-moving of the immediately adjacent second substrate 10 to prevent it from the radial fan 5 the loosening device 1 adjacent to the trailing edge side of the stack in the plane of the drawing 2 is arranged, generates a flow of air, with the air cushion 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 and 43 each between two adjacent substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 34 be formed so that the substrates 9 . 10 . 12 . 14 . 16 . 32 and 34 at least partially separated from each other. Its construction corresponds to that in 3 shown radial fan 5 the in 2 and in terms of 2 described radial fan 5 ,

Out 3 and 4 it becomes clear that the length l (extension transverse to the stack axis 3 ) of the impact area B is larger than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 ,

In 4 are the limits for comparison 45 . 46 by means of the fan wheels according to 1 and 2 shown air cushions shown. Here is the limit of an air cushion, with a radial fan 5 according to 1 was generated with the reference numeral 45 characterized. The limit of one with a radial fan 5 according to 2 generated air cushion is denoted by the reference numeral 46 characterized. For better orientation and assessment of the size ratios, substrates in DINA4 format and in A3 format are drawn.

It can be seen that one with a radial fan 5 according to 1 generated air cushion almost a substrate in A4 format along its narrow side completely interspersed. One with a radial fan 5 according to 2 generated air cushion within the limit 46 penetrates even the entire narrow side of a substrate in A3 format.

It can also be seen that the length l (extension transverse to the stack axis 3 ) of impact area B of the airflow 7 on the stack is greater than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 , Lateral guide elements for the radial fan 5 are not provided.

In 5 is a schematic representation of a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. According to a first alternative, the loosening device comprises 1 two directly opposite, shown as full circles radial fan wheels 5 immediately adjacent to the stack 2 in the area of the ramp 35 are arranged to the individual substrates in one at the ramp 35 subtract adjacent area from each other. In the plan view shown is also schematically a three-membered separating wheel 36 to recognize, during the transport process in the direction of arrow 38 is adjustable. According to an alternative embodiment, the loosening device comprises 1 in addition, the dashed lines, in relation to the ramp 35 rear radial fan wheels 5 for an at least almost complete separation of the substrates along their surface extension. Of particular advantage is an embodiment, not shown, with a two-part separating wheel (separating roller), which has its axis centered.

In 6 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 also shown in a plan view, wherein the only in this embodiment radial fan 5 on the ramp 35 opposite edge side of the stack 2 is arranged. If necessary, several, not shown radial fan wheels 5 be arranged side by side and / or one above the other. The ramp is preferred 35 or a wall located below the ramp formed as an air-impermeable stowage wall to improve the air cushion formation. Additionally or alternatively, stowage walls may also be formed along the longitudinal edge sides of the stack 2 extend.

In the embodiment according to 7 was for reasons of clarity on the representation of a ramp 35 waived. The radial fan 5 is located in an area to the side of the ramp 35 and flows through them in the transverse direction. This should be the ramp 35 at least partially permeable to air, for example, be designed in the manner of a grid.

In 8th is a filing and drying system 48 with a loosening device 1 shown. Doing so in a pile 2 along a vertical stacking axis 3 substrates 4 stored. By means of the radial fan 5 , which is at a lateral distance of 8 to 12 mm to one edge side 21 of the pile 2 is located, becomes a radial airflow 7 generated, with which the upper substrates 4 inside the pile 2 be loosened up by placing between the substrates 4 Be formed air cushion. The air cushions ensure that the substrates 4 be separated from each other so that the fresh printed image on them is not affected by contact with other substrates 4 smeared. Furthermore, the air cushions provide the airflow 7 that the printed image is dried quickly.

That of the designed as an electric motor drive 6 driven radial fan 5 is relative to the stack 2 parallel to the stack axis 3 along the stack axis 3 adjustable by means of an adjusting drive, not shown, so that the air flow 7 regardless of the degree of filling of the stack 2 ie regardless of the extent of the stack 2 along the stack axis 3 in an upper area on the stack 2 impinges and thus the upper substrates 4 of the stack ventilated and separated from each other. The radial fan 5 sucks from both axial directions 27 . 30 Air and gives them in the radial direction on the stack 2 or on the edge side 21 of the pile 2 from. The adjusting drive is assigned a control unit, which controls the adjusting drive as a function of sensor information about the extent of the stack along the stacking axis.

The length of the impact area B (ie the extent of the impact area B) transverse to the axis of rotation 18 into the plane of the drawing is greater than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 ,

In 9 is schematically another feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The loosening device 1 includes a radial fan 5 that of a trained as an electric motor drive 6 is driven, with the armature shaft 24 and thus the axis of rotation of the radial fan wheel 5 approximately parallel to the stack axis 3 extends. The radial fan 5 is together with the drive 6 along the stack axis 3 on an arcuate path 49 adjustable, so that of the radial fan 5 generated air stream at any time on an upper portion of the stacked stack in the vertical direction 2 incident.

Out 9 It can be seen that the radial fan 5 in the area of an opening 50 a side stop 51 for the stack 2 located. The opening 50 extends along the stack axis 3 , The radial fan 5 is framed laterally by two parallel support walls 52 . 53 of the side stop 51 , The drive 6 extends upwards.

In one of the pile 2 remote area is the radial fan 5 from a protective element 54 surrounded, in the circumferential direction around the radial fan 5 extends and thus an outflow of air from the radial fan 5 in one of the stack 2 averted flow direction prevented. The extent of the protective element 54 in the direction of the stack 2 is sized to the length 1 of the impact area B is greater than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 , The radial fan 5 can suck in air from both axial directions unhindered, since no housing cover and no housing bottom are provided.

Out 9 is intended schematically a mechanical coupling of the radial fan 5 to a separating device 55 become clear. The separating device 55 carries separating wheels designed as separating rollers 36 , by means of which a first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is movable away, for example, on a ramp, not shown, and / or other not shown extract rollers. The separating device 55 includes a rotatably mounted shaft 56 , which are perpendicular to the stack axis 3 and parallel to the surface extension of the substrates 4 extends. With decreasing stack 2 lowers a rotation with the shaft 56 connected arm 57 off, the separator wheels at its free end 36 wearing. This will cause the shaft 56 that has a common pivot axis for the radial fan 5 and the separating wheels 36 defined, in the direction of the arrow 58 pivoted. This, in turn, causes a rotation with the shaft 56 coupled support arm 59 also in the direction of the arrow 58 is pivoted. At the arm 59 is the radial fan 5 along with his drive 6 set so that the radial fan 5 on the already mentioned train 49 along the stack axis 3 emotional. The schematically shown mechanical coupling between the radial fan 5 and the separating device 55 or the separating wheels 36 can be done in a variety of ways. It is essential that the radial fan 5 due to the mechanical coupling with the separating device 55 the extent of the pile 2 along the stack axis 3 automatically follows.

In 10 is the top view of another feeding and separating system 34 shown. In the left half of the drawing is at a fixed distance to a stack 2 a radial fan 5 arranged. This is only along the stack axis 3 relative to the stack 2 adjustable, with the distance to the edge side 21 is constant. At the edge side 21 with radial fan 5 opposite edge side 60 . 60 ' of the pile 2 is another radial fan 5 arranged. In 10 are two possible positions of the radial fan 5 located. The radial fan 5 can be from the position right outside to the left inside in the direction of the arrow 61 preferably together with a side stop (not shown) relative to the stack 2 be adjusted. This arrangement is advantageous to the position of the right in the drawing plane radial fan to the format of the substrates 4 in the pile 2 to be able to adapt. (Edge side 60 → small substrate format; edge side 60 → large substrate format).

In 11 is a front view of a feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. Evident is the schematically illustrated coupling of the radial fan wheels 5 to a schematically indicated separating device 55 with separating wheels 36 to a tracking of the radial fan 5 along the stack axis 3 to enable.

In 12 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The feeding and separating system 34 includes a separating device 55 with one arm 57 , The arm 57 carries a separating wheel 36 for separating a first substrate 9 from a pile 2 against a ramp 35 , wherein the separating wheel 36 during this Separiervorgangs in an adjustment 38 relative to the ramp 35 against the spring force of a spring 62 emotional. The separating wheel 36 is doing by a motor 63 in the direction of the arrow 64 driven in rotation.

The arm 57 is non-rotatable on a shaft 56 arranged, with the shaft 56 (common pivot axis for the separating wheel 36 and the radial fan 5 ) perpendicular to the stack axis 3 and parallel to the surface extension of the substrates 4 runs. The wave 56 is rotatable on a carriage 65 stored on which the spring 62 attacks. The feather 62 is the endeavor of the separating wheel 36 (Separating head) against the adjustment direction 38 in the direction of the ramp 35 to adjust.

The loosening device 1 the feeding and separating system 34 includes a designed as a double radial fan radial fan 5 that by means of an electric motor drive 6 is rotatably driven. For the realization of a stacking axis 3 at least approximately parallel, guided adjustment is the radial fan 5 with the separating device 55 especially with the arm 57 and thus with the separating wheel 36 coupled. Approximately in the middle of the arm 57 this is a coupling link 66 hinged, which hinged at its opposite end with a first handlebar 67 a parallelogram link mechanism 68 articulated is connected. The parallelogrammic linkage mechanism 68 includes next to the first handlebar 67 a parallel second handlebar 69 , Both handlebars 67 . 69 are on a holding plate 22 for the drive 6 of the radial fan wheel 5 hinged. Furthermore, both are handlebars 67 . 69 articulated with the sledge 65 connected, with the first handlebar 67 via a swivel joint 70 on the sledge 65 also extends and at its free end a balance weight 71 carries to the of the separating wheel 36 on the first substrate 9 to optimize applied normal force. If the extension of the pile 2 along the stack axis 3 decreases during operation, the separating wheel lowers 36 off, causing the arm 57 around the shaft 56 is pivoted. This in turn leads to a lowering of the handlebars 67 . 69 What a coupled lowering movement of the radial fan 5 entails. Also in the embodiment according to 12 is the length l (extension of the impact area transverse to the axis of rotation 18 of the radial fan wheel 5 ) of the impact area B is larger than the diameter of the radial fan 5 ,

In 13 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 shown in a plan view. This includes a separating device 55 for separating (separating) an upper substrate 9 from a substrate stack 2 , This is the first substrate 9 with the help of separating wheels 36 on a ramp 35 and about this to excerpt roles 72 transported. The separating wheels 36 be from a motor 63 comprising a displacement sensor 73 driven. The motor 63 sits on one arm 57 , which rotates on a shaft 56 is arranged. At the the separating wheels 36 opposite end carries the arm 57 a balance weight 71 , Again, the length l of the impact area B of the air flow 7 on the pile 2 larger than the diameter d of the radial fan 5 , This also applies to all other embodiments.

The rotation with the shaft 56 connected arm 57 is along the wave 56 slidable in order to assume an optimal centric position with respect to different substrate formats. Rotationally with the shaft 56 is also a holding arm 59 connected, which is a radial fan 5 Carries that together with the separating wheels 36 along the stack axis 3 is adjustable. How out 13 can be seen, is the holding arm 59 pivotable on the shaft 56 stored and preferably in the direction of the stack 2 against a stop (not shown) Federkraftbeaufschlagt. The articulated arrangement of the arm 59 on the shaft 56 allows pivoting of the radial fan 5 from the stack 2 away, if one is the pile 2 comprehensive cassette 74 is pulled out of a substrate handling system. In the embodiment shown, the head position of the separating device defines the Fan position. The head lies with partially compensated weight of the head and radial fan 5 on the stack 2 on.

In the 14a and 14b is another coupling mechanism between a radial fan 5 and a separating device 55 for deposited in a stack substrates 4 shown. For this purpose, a separating wheel 36 with engine 63 on a wishbone 74 arranged, with the wishbone 74 around a fixed swivel joint 75 is pivotable. The separating wheel 36 Used for adjusting substrates against a ramp 35 , At the the separating wheel 36 opposite end is the wishbone 74 articulated with a coupling link 76 connected, in turn, to another wishbone 77 is articulated. This wishbone 77 is a stationary swivel joint 78 pivotally mounted and on a the coupling link 76 opposite end hinged to the electric motor drive 6 of the radial fan wheel 5 connected. Articulated with this drive 6 is another handlebar 79 connected to a fixed swivel 80 is pivotable. In the 14a and 14b the upper dashed line represents the maximum filling level of the stack 2 and the lower dashed line represents the stack center 14a the position of the separating wheel 36 when the stack is completely filled 2 and in 14b the position of the separating wheel 36 with emptied stack 2 shown.

The handle mechanism described is used to adjust the adjustment of the radial fan 5 on its adjustment from the in 14a shown position in the 14b reproduced lower position approximately parallel to the stack axis 3 he follows.

In the 15a and 15b is a purely electronic coupling between in this embodiment 2 two radial fan wheels 5 and a separating device 55 shown. A mechanical coupling between the radial fan wheels 5 the separating device 55 is not given. The separating device 55 includes a pivotally mounted arm 57 , where the swing angle of the arm 57 is detected with an angle sensor. The output signal of the angle sensor is passed to a control unit, not shown, which has a drive motor, not shown, for parallel adjustment of the radial fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 controls, so that the radial fan wheels 5 the arm 57 and thus at least one on the arm 57 specified separating wheel 36 for conveying substrates against a ramp 35 , along the stack axis 3 consequences.

For parallel adjustment of the two spaced radial fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 are two spaced racks 82 . 83 provided, which are parallel to the stack axis 3 extend. With every rack 82 . 83 combs a gear 84 . 85 , where the gears 84 . 85 on a bracket 86 for the radial fan wheels 5 are articulated. With the motor, not shown, for adjusting the radial fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 will be at least one of the gears 84 . 85 driven in rotation, causing the radial fan wheels 5 along the stack axis 3 , and in parallel to this be adjusted in dependence on the angle detected by the angle sensor pivoting angle. The advantage of this embodiment is that a mechanical coupling between the separating device 55 and the radial fan wheels 5 in favor of an electronic coupling can be dispensed with. By the rotating drive of the gears 84 . 85 are the radial fan wheels 5 from the in 15a shown upper position with completely filled stack 2 in the in 15b adjustable lower position shown, wherein the measured angle of the armature angle of the arm 57 during the adjustment increases.

Like from the 15a and 15b It can be seen, is the length of the arm 57 active by means of a motor 87 adjustable, with the engine 87 a gear 88 drives, with a gearing 89 a lower portion of the arm formed as a telescopic arm 57 combs. With regard to the function of the separating device shown 55 will be on the not yet published German patent application of the applicant with the official file number 10 2007 018 398.6 proven. With regard to the explanation of the operation of the separating device, the disclosure content of this German patent application filed with the DPMA on 17.04.2007 is to be considered as belonging to the present disclosure content and included in the present application.

In 16 is an alternative feeding and separating system 34 with a loosening device 1 shown. The radial fan 5 the loosening device is arranged stationary. This is the drive 6 of the radial fan wheel 5 on a frame 90 established. This static arrangement of the radial fan 5 is possible because of the pile 2 on a lift table 91 is arranged and thus the stack 2 relative to the radial fan 5 along the stack axis 3 is adjustable. The lift table 91 becomes dependent on the signal of a height sensor 92 adjusted.

For separating from the respective first substrate 9 from the pile 2 is a separating device 55 provided a separating wheel 36 comprises, with which the respective first substrate 9 of the pile 2 against a ramp 35 in the transport direction 39 is transportable, wherein the substrate 9 extraction rollers 72 for further transport is supplied.

At the in 17 shown feeding and separating system 34 is the radial fan 5 the loosening device 1 with drive 6 as in the embodiment according to 16 stationary, ie not arranged height adjustable. A front section of the stack 2 lies on a lift plate 93 on that around a swivel joint 94 is adjustable. By means of a compression spring 95 will the lift plate 93 and thus the front section of the stack 2 against a separating wheel 36 a separating device 55 kraftbeaufschlagt, wherein by means of the Separierrades 36 the respective first substrate 9 from the stack 2 is removable. Furthermore, this includes in 17 shown feeding and separating system 34 a retaining plate 96 around a swivel joint 97 is pivotable, in the direction of the separating wheel 36 , In this direction is the retaining plate 96 by means of a compression spring 98 spring force. Any desired sheet separation becomes the lift plate 93 with the stack lying on top 2 over the spring 95 against the spinning role 36 pressed with the top sheet 9 from the pile 2 is separated and in the extension direction 39 the extraction rollers (not shown) is supplied. A pulled-along sheet would have the frictional pad on the retaining plate 96 prevented from further transport. At rest, the lift plate with a on the axis of the separating roller 36 fixed cam (not shown) held down.

Claims (27)

Loosening device for a stack ( 2 ) out along a stack axis ( 3 ) stacked flat substrates ( 4 . 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 . 43 ) such as papers or the like, in particular for feeding and separating systems and / or storage and drying systems, with a radial fan ( 5 ) for generating an air flow ( 7 ) for forming an air cushion ( 8th . 11 . 13 . 15 . 41 . 42 . 43 ) at least between a first flat substrate ( 9 ) and a second flat substrate immediately adjacent in the stack ( 10 ), wherein the radial fan ( 5 ) immediately adjacent to an edge side ( 21 ) of the stack, the stack ( 2 ) directly with the air flow ( 7 ), characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) is designed and arranged such that the extension ( 1 ) of the impact area (B) of the air flow ( 7 ) on the edge side ( 21 ) of the stack ( 3 ) across the stack axis ( 3 ) is greater than the diameter (d) of the radial fan ( 5 ), and that the radial fan ( 5 ) is formed housing-free. Loosening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air flow ( 7 ) is preferably automatically adjustable as a function of at least one substrate parameter, such as the substrate thickness or the substrate surface. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) and the stack ( 2 ) relative to each other, in particular along the stack axis ( 3 ), are adjustable. Loosening device according to claim 3, characterized in that the stack ( 2 ) in particular as a function of the extent of the stack ( 2 ) along the stack axis, relative to the radial fan ( 5 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the stack ( 2 ) on a lift table ( 91 ) or by a slide relative to the radial fan ( 5 ) is displaceable. Loosening device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a stacking section, in particular by means of a lift plate, relative to the radial fan ( 5 ) adjustable, in particular pivotable, is. Loosening device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) relative to the stack ( 2 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to claim 7, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) parallel to the stacking axis ( 3 ) or on a curved path, in particular an arcuate path, along the stack axis ( 3 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 7 or 8, preferably according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) in such a way with a separating device ( 55 ), that the radial fan ( 5 ) a movement of a component of the separating device ( 55 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) follows. Loosening device according to claim 9, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) mechanically, in particular by means of a lever mechanism, with a component of the separating device ( 55 ) is coupled. Loosening device according to claim 10, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) and a component of the separating device ( 55 ) are pivotable about a common pivot axis. Loosening device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that an adjusting drive for adjusting the radial fan ( 5 ) along the stack axis ( 3 ) is electronically coupled to the separating device. Loosening device according to claim 12, characterized in that a component of the separating device is associated with an angle sensor for detecting a pivoting angle of the component, and that the adjusting drive in dependence of the pivoting angle along the stacking axis ( 3 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ), at least partially, into an area beyond the last substrate of the stack ( 2 ) is adjustable. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) is arranged in the region of an opening of a side stop of the stack. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (A) of the radial fan ( 5 ) relative to the stack ( 2 ), in particular automatically, preferably as a function of a substrate parameter such as the substrate thickness, is variable. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) by means of a drive ( 6 ) is driven. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of rotation ( 18 ) of the radial fan ( 5 ) at least approximately parallel to the stack axis ( 3 ) is arranged. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive ( 6 ) and / or the radial fan ( 5 ) all substrates ( 4 ), preferably with a substrate basis weight ranging between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² and / or in an A3 format, in a stacking section having a height between 10 and 30 mm, preferably between 10 and 20 mm are designed loosening / is. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive ( 6 ) and / or the radial fan ( 5 ) between 3 and 15 substrates, preferably between 5 and 10 substrates, in particular with a basis weight of a range between about 120 g / m ² and about 270 g / m ² and / or in an A3 format, are formed loosening / is. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) one transverse to the stack axis ( 3 ) extending, in particular rotatably arranged, in particular closed, plate ( 23 ), from which extends in a first axial direction ( 25 ) at least one fan blade ( 26 ), preferably a plurality of circumferentially spaced fan blades (FIG. 26 . 29 ). Loosening device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that a plate ( 23 ) at least one fan blade ( 26 ) in one of the first axial direction ( 25 ) opposite second axial direction ( 28 ), preferably a plurality of circumferentially spaced fan blades (FIG. 26 . 29 ). Loosening device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that in a first axial direction ( 25 ) extending fan blade (s) ( 26 . 29 ) offset in the circumferential direction to the / in the second axial direction ( 28 ) extending fan blade (s) ( 26 . 29 ) is / are arranged. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial fan ( 5 ) has no transverse to the axis of rotation extending housing cover and / or housing bottom. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the radial fan ( 5 ) opposite edge side of the stack ( 2 ) at least one further radial fan ( 5 ) and / or a stowage wall ( 20 ) is arranged. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stacking axis ( 3 ) runs vertically or horizontally. Loosening device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loosening device is formed without a holder.

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