DE102007022303A1 - Telemetrically controlled microelectrode manipulator for controlling quartz glass-platinum tungsten microelectrode, has telemetry units simultaneously controlled in computer network using wireless local area network transmission standard - Google Patents
Telemetrically controlled microelectrode manipulator for controlling quartz glass-platinum tungsten microelectrode, has telemetry units simultaneously controlled in computer network using wireless local area network transmission standard Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007022303A1 DE102007022303A1 DE102007022303A DE102007022303A DE102007022303A1 DE 102007022303 A1 DE102007022303 A1 DE 102007022303A1 DE 102007022303 A DE102007022303 A DE 102007022303A DE 102007022303 A DE102007022303 A DE 102007022303A DE 102007022303 A1 DE102007022303 A1 DE 102007022303A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
- A61N1/37282—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data characterised by communication with experts in remote locations using a network
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
- A61N1/0529—Electrodes for brain stimulation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
- A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
- A61N1/36082—Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
- A61N1/37211—Means for communicating with stimulators
- A61N1/37252—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
- A61N1/3727—Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data characterised by the modulation technique
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Abstract
Technisches Problem der Erfindung = technische Aufgabe und Zielsetzung Bei der chronischen extrazellulären Signalableitung im Gehirn besteht das Problem, dass durch mechanische Verschiebung von Hirngewebe durch z. B. kardiovaskuläre Pulsationen die Signalableitung mit Mikroelektroden nicht über längere Zeit stabil ist. Daher muss die Position der Mikroelektroden nachjustiert werden. Um die Versuchstiere oder Probanden hierbei nicht zu stören, soll diese Nachjustierung telemetrisch erfolgen. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Mikroelektrodenmanipulator bidirektional telemetrisch zu steuern, um eine definierte Nachjustierung von Mikroelektroden im Gehirn zu ermöglichen. Lösung des Problems bzw. der technischen Aufgabe Das telemetrisch kontrollierte Mikroelektrodenmanipulatorsystem besteht aus einem miniaturisierten Mikroelektrodenantrieb mit integrierter Signalerfassung und Mikroelektroden-Antriebseinheit zur unabhängigen Positionierung von einzelnen Mikroelektroden und einer Basisstation. Der Mikroelektrodenmanipulator wird auf dem Kopf des zu untersuchenden Versuchstieres montiert. Die Signalerfassung und Digitalisierung erfolgt im Mikroelektrodenmanipulator. Die abgeleiteten physiologischen Signale wie auch die Daten zur Steuerung der Mikromotoren zur Elektrodenpositionierung werden telemetrisch zwischen Basisstation und Mikroelektrodenmanipulator übertragen. Die Basisstation besteht aus einer Telemetrie-Sende/Empfangseinheit. Als Übergangsstandards kommen z. B. ...Technical problem of the invention = technical problem and objective In the case of chronic extracellular signal derivation in the brain, there is the problem that by mechanical displacement of brain tissue by z. B. cardiovascular pulsations, signal derivation with microelectrodes is not stable for a long time. Therefore, the position of the microelectrode must be readjusted. In order not to disturb the experimental animals or test persons, this readjustment should be done telemetrically. The object of the invention is to control a microelectrode manipulator bidirectionally telemetrically to allow a defined readjustment of microelectrodes in the brain. Solution to the Problem The technical telemetry controlled microelectrode manipulator system consists of a miniaturized microelectrode drive with integrated signal detection and microelectrode drive unit for independent positioning of individual microelectrodes and a base station. The microelectrode manipulator is mounted on the head of the test animal to be examined. The signal acquisition and digitization takes place in the microelectrode manipulator. The derived physiological signals as well as the data for controlling the micromotors for electrode positioning are transmitted telemetrically between the base station and the microelectrode manipulator. The base station consists of a telemetry transmitter / receiver unit. As transition standards z. For example ...
Description
Anwendungsgebiet:Field of use:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs I.The The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim I.
Stand der Technik:State of the art:
Gegenwärtiger
Stand der Technik im Bereich der Hirnforschung ist die extrazelluläre
Ableitung von neuronalen Signalen und die telemetrische Übertragung
von neurophysiologischen auf mehreren Kanälen. Der Stand
der Technik wird in der Publikation von Geortchev et al. umfassend
dargestellt (
Nachteile des Stands der Technik:Disadvantages of the prior art:
Ein wesentlicher Nachteil des gegenwärtigen Stands der Technik bei der telemetrischen Übertragung von extrazellulär abgeleiteten neurophysiologischen Signalen ist, dass die Mikroelektroden, mit denen die Signale von einzelnen Neuronen abgeleitet werden, nach der Positionierung im Gehirn nicht mehr bewegt werden können. Chronische Signalableitungen über längere Zeiträume sind damit nicht möglich. Gerade Verhaltenstudien mit Versuchstieren (z. B. Primaten) unter Einsatz extrazellulärer Multielektrodenableitung sind somit nicht durchführbar. Bereits kleinste Verschiebungen des Hirngewebes relativ zur Mikroelektrodenspitze können dazu führen, dass die Elektrode die Signale des jeweiligen Neurons nicht länger ableiten kann. Kann die Elektrode nach der Implantation nicht mehr definiert bewegt werden, ist eine weitere Signalableitung nicht mehr möglich. Eine Nachjustierung der Elektrodenposition muß also telemetrisch möglich sein, um die Signalableitung permanent der biomechanischen Situation im Gehirn anpassen zu können. Ein weiterer Nachteil der klassischen telemetrischen Signalübertragung ist die geringe Signalbandbreite, wodurch die Kanalzahl der Übertragung begrenzt ist. Die wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen im Bereich der Hirnforschung haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer mehr in Richtung Erforschung neuronaler Netzwerke im Gehirn entwickelt. Hierzu ist es notwendig, von möglichst vielen Nervenzellen gleichzeitig extrazelluläre Signale abzuleiten und telemetrisch zu übertragen. Stand der Technik ist im Moment die simultane Signalableitung von multiplen Mikroelektroden und die kabelgebundene Übertragung der Signale zu einem Datenaufnahmesystem. Eine telemetrische Übertragung solcher Signale ist auf relativ wenige Kanäle begrenzt. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist die begrenzte Skalierbarkeit einzelner telemetrischer Ableitsysteme. Hierunter versteht man die gleichzeitige Anwendung von mehreren telemetrischen Ableitsystemen auf verschiedenen Versuchstieren, um Verhaltensstudien in Gruppen durchzuführen.One significant disadvantage of the current state of the art in the telemetric transmission of extracellular derived neurophysiological signals is that the microelectrodes, with which the signals are derived from individual neurons, can not be moved after positioning in the brain. Chronic signal derivatives over long periods of time are not possible with it. Just behavioral studies with experimental animals (eg primates) using extracellular multi-electrode derivation are therefore not feasible. Even the smallest shifts of the brain tissue relative to the microelectrode tip cause the electrode to receive the signals of the particular neuron can no longer derive. Can the electrode after the Implantation is no longer defined to be moved, is another Signal derivation no longer possible. A readjustment The electrode position must therefore be telemetrically possible Be sure to permanently derive the signal from the biomechanical situation to be able to adapt in the brain. Another disadvantage of classic telemetric signal transmission is the low Signal bandwidth, reducing the channel count of the transmission is limited. The scientific questions in the field Brain research has become more and more popular in recent decades developed in the direction of research on neural networks in the brain. For this it is necessary of as many nerve cells as possible simultaneously derive extracellular signals and telemetry transferred to. The state of the art at the moment is the simultaneous one Signal derivation of multiple microelectrodes and wired transmission the signals to a data acquisition system. A telemetric transmission of such Signals are limited to relatively few channels. Another Disadvantage is the limited scalability of individual telemetric Dissipation systems. This is the simultaneous application of several telemetric delivery systems on different animals, to conduct behavioral studies in groups.
Aufgaben der Erfindung:Objects of the invention:
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Mikroelektrodenmanipulator bidirektional telemetrisch zu steuern, um eine definierte Nachjustierung von Mikroelektroden im Gehirn zu ermöglichen. Durch diese Erfindung wird ein wesentlicher Nachteil von gegenwärtig eingesetzten unidirektionalen Telemetriesystemen vermieden. Der Mikroelektrodenmanipulator liefert weiterhin die Position der Mikroelektrode mit einer Positioniergenauigkeit von 1 Mikrometer. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es mehrere telemetrisch kontrollierte Mikroelektrodenmanipulatoren simultan mittels eines Versuchsparadigmas zu betreiben. Weiterhin wird angestrebt, die Signalübertragungsbandbreite des Gesamtsystems so groß zu wählen, dass möglichst viele Funktionen des Systems telemetrisch gesteuert werden können.task The invention is a bidirectional microelectrode manipulator To control telemetrically, to a defined readjustment of microelectrodes in the brain. By this invention is a significant disadvantage of currently used unidirectional Telemetry systems avoided. The microelectrode manipulator provides furthermore, the position of the microelectrode with a positioning accuracy of 1 micrometer. Another object of the invention is several telemetrically controlled microelectrode manipulators simultaneously to operate by means of an experimental paradigm. Furthermore, the aim is to choose the signal transmission bandwidth of the whole system so big that as many functions of the system telemetric can be controlled.
Lösung der Aufgabe:Solution of the task:
Diese Aufgaben werden durch den telemetrisch kontrollierten Mikroelektrodenmanipulator (Telemetric Controlled Microdrive System, TCMS) mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs I gelöst.These tasks are performed by the telemet electrically controlled microelectrode manipulator (Telemetric Controlled Microdrive System, TCMS) with the features of claim I.
Vorteile der Erfindung:Advantages of the invention:
Die Erfindung weist folgende Vorteile auf:
- 1) Die Erfindung ermöglicht die simultane telemetrische Steuerung von mehreren Mikroelektroden mit einer Genauigkeit von 1 μm, die Signalableitung über diese Mikroelektroden, die Signalkonditionierung und die telemetrische Signalübertragung an eine Empfangsstation. Die bidirektionale Signalübertragung des telemetrisch kontrollierten Mikroelektrodenmanipulators hat den Vorteil der Nachjustierung von Ableitelektroden zur Optimierung des Ableitergebnisses. Dieser Vorteil ermöglicht erst chronische Signalableitungen.
- 2) Die Erfindung ermöglicht den simultanen Betrieb mehrerer Telemetriesysteme und bietet dadurch den Vorteil der Kontrolle mehrerer Mikroelektrodenmanipulatoren auf verschiedenen Versuchstieren mit dem Ziel der Durchführung von Verhaltensstudien in Tiergruppen.
- 3) Die Erfindung setzt telemetrisch repositionierbare Mikroelektroden ein, die auch Stimulationselektroden sein können. Mit dem Implantat können Stimulationselektroden nachjustiert werden, um die Mikroelektroden neuronaler Prothesen besser an die Zielstruktur (Nervenzellen) anpassen zu können. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass man bei optimaler Anpassung der Stimulationselektrode an die Zielstruktur (Neuron) weniger Stimulationsstrom benötigt, um einen entsprechenden Stimulationseffekt auszulösen. Dadurch kann bei Neuroimplantaten Energie gespart werden, was zur Erhöhung der Implantat Lebensdauer beiträgt.
- 4) Durch die Erhöhung der telemetrischen Übertragungsbandbreite können mehr Kanäle pro telemetrischem Ableitsystem versorgt werden als bei klassischen Verfahren. Dadurch können Multikanalableitungen mit höherer Elektrodenzahl an frei beweglichen Versuchstieren durchgeführt werden.
- 1) The invention enables the simultaneous telemetric control of several microelectrodes with an accuracy of 1 micron, the signal transmission via these microelectrodes, the signal conditioning and the telemetric signal transmission to a receiving station. The bidirectional signal transmission of the telemetrically controlled microelectrode manipulator has the advantage of the readjustment of lead electrodes to optimize the discharge result. This advantage allows only chronic signal derivatives.
- 2) The invention enables the simultaneous operation of multiple telemetry systems and thereby offers the advantage of controlling multiple microelectrode manipulators on different experimental animals with the aim of conducting behavioral studies in groups of animals.
- 3) The invention uses telemetrically repositionable microelectrodes, which may also be stimulation electrodes. Stimulation electrodes can be readjusted with the implant in order to better adapt the microelectrodes of neural prostheses to the target structure (nerve cells). This has the advantage that with optimal adaptation of the stimulation electrode to the target structure (neuron), less stimulation current is needed to trigger a corresponding stimulation effect. As a result, energy can be saved with neuroimplants, which contributes to increasing the implant lifetime.
- 4) By increasing the telemetric transmission bandwidth, more channels can be supplied per telemetric lead-off system than with traditional methods. As a result, multi-channel leads with a higher number of electrodes can be performed on freely movable test animals.
Reference ListReference List
-
.Bossetti CA, Carmena JM, Nicolelis MAL, Wolf PD. Transmission latencies in a telemetrylinked brain-machine interface. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng 2004; 51:919–924 ,Bossetti CA, Carmena JM, Nicolelis MAL, Wolf PD. Transmission latencies in a telemetrylinked brain-machine interface. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng 2004; 51: 919-924 -
.Cieslewski G, Cheney D, Gugel K, Sanchez JC, Principe JC. Neural Signal Sampling via the Low Power Wireless Pico System. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. 2006 ,Cieslewski G, Cheney D, Gugel K, Sanchez JC, Principe JC. Neural Signal Sampling via the Low Power Wireless Pico System. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. 2006 -
.Geortchev V, Stoianov I, Krasteva R, Boneva A, Batchvarov D, Stanishev K, Zahariev R, Vallortigara G. Digital communication for telemetric multi-neuron recordings. Academic Open Internet Journal 2005; 16 ,GeoTechv V, Stoianov I, Krasteva R, Boneva A, Batchvarov D, Stanishev K, Zahariev R, Vallortigara G. Digital communication for telemetric multi-neuron recordings. Academic Open Internet Journal 2005; 16 -
.Mohseni P, Najafi K, Eliades SJ, Wanf X. Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehab.Eng 2005; 13:263–271 ,Mohseni P, Najafi K, Eliades SJ, Wanf X. Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehab.Eng 2005; 13: 263-271 -
.Xu S, Talwar SK, Hawley ES, Li L, Chapin JK. A multi-channel telemetry system for brain microstimulation in freely roaming animals. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 133:57–63 ,Xu S, Talwar SK, Hawley ES, Li L, Chapin JK. A multi-channel telemetry system for brain microstimulation in freely roaming animals. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 133: 57-63
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher erläutert.embodiments The invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and will be explained in more detail below.
Es zeigenIt demonstrate
Das
telemetrisch kontrollierte Mikroelektrodenmanipulatorsystem (TCMS;
Telemetric Controlled Microdrive System) besteht aus einem Mikroelektrodenmanipulator
Das
telemetrisch kontrollierte Mikroelektrodenmanipulatorsystem (TCMS;
Telemetric Controlled Microdrive System) besteht aus einem Multikanal
Mikroelektrodenmanipulator vom Typ Micro Matrix
In
den Mikroelektrodenmanipulator
Die
von den Mikroelektroden
Der
Mikroelektrodenmanipulator
Die
Telemetrieeinheit
Kernstück
der Telemetrieeinheit
Zur
Ansteuerung der Mikromotoren
Die
telemetrische Signalübertragung erfolgt über ein
WLAN Modul
Die Stromversorgung der integrierten Vorverstärker erfolgt über Batterien, die im System integriert sind.The Power is supplied to the integrated preamplifier via Batteries integrated in the system.
Der
Mikroelektrodenmanipulator
Die
Control Einheit
Die
Mikromotoren
Die
Telemetrieeinheit
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - US 5413103 [0013] US 5413103 [0013]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- - Geortchev et al., 2005 [0002] - Georchev et al., 2005 [0002]
- - Cieslewski et al., 2006 [0002] - Cieslewski et al., 2006 [0002]
- - Mohseni et al., 2005 [0002] Mohseni et al., 2005 [0002]
- - Bossetti et al., 2004 [0002] Bossetti et al., 2004 [0002]
- - Xu et al., 2004 [0002] - Xu et al., 2004 [0002]
- - Bossetti CA, Carmena JM, Nicolelis MAL, Wolf PD. Transmission latencies in a telemetrylinked brain-machine interface. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng 2004; 51:919–924 [0006] - Bossetti CA, Carmena JM, Nicolelis MAL, Wolf PD. Transmission latencies in a telemetrylinked brain-machine interface. IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng 2004; 51: 919-924 [0006]
- - Cieslewski G, Cheney D, Gugel K, Sanchez JC, Principe JC. Neural Signal Sampling via the Low Power Wireless Pico System. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. 2006 [0006] - Cieslewski G, Cheney D, Gugel K, Sanchez JC, Principe JC. Neural Signal Sampling via the Low Power Wireless Pico System. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. 2006 [0006]
- - Geortchev V, Stoianov I, Krasteva R, Boneva A, Batchvarov D, Stanishev K, Zahariev R, Vallortigara G. Digital communication for telemetric multi-neuron recordings. Academic Open Internet Journal 2005; 16 [0006] - Geortchev V, Stoianov I, Krasteva R, Boneva A, Batchvarov D, Stanishev K, Zahariev R, Vallortigara G. Digital communication for telemetric multi-neuron recordings. Academic Open Internet Journal 2005; 16 [0006]
- - Mohseni P, Najafi K, Eliades SJ, Wanf X. Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehab.Eng 2005; 13:263–271 [0006] - Mohseni P, Najafi K, Eliades SJ, Wanf X. Wireless multichannel biopotential recording using an integrated FM telemetry circuit. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehab.Eng 2005; 13: 263-271 [0006]
- - Xu S, Talwar SK, Hawley ES, Li L, Chapin JK. A multi-channel telemetry system for brain microstimulation in freely roaming animals. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 133:57–63 [0006] - Xu S, Talwar SK, Hawley ES, Li L, Chapin JK. A multi-channel telemetry system for brain microstimulation in freely roaming animals. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 133: 57-63 [0006]
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007022303.1A DE102007022303B4 (en) | 2007-05-12 | 2007-05-12 | Telemetrically Controlled Microelectrode Manipulator System (TCMS) |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007022303.1A DE102007022303B4 (en) | 2007-05-12 | 2007-05-12 | Telemetrically Controlled Microelectrode Manipulator System (TCMS) |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE102007022303A1 true DE102007022303A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
| DE102007022303B4 DE102007022303B4 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
Family
ID=39829436
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007022303.1A Expired - Fee Related DE102007022303B4 (en) | 2007-05-12 | 2007-05-12 | Telemetrically Controlled Microelectrode Manipulator System (TCMS) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE102007022303B4 (en) |
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| DE9300676U1 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1993-03-11 | Eckhorn, Reinhard, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 3575 Kirchhain | Microprobe and probe device |
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| DE19938549A1 (en) | 1999-08-18 | 2001-02-22 | Uwe Thomas | Microprobe system used in neurophysiology and neurosurgery comprises a self-bearing device, a microfiber electrode and a macro-therapy electrode |
-
2007
- 2007-05-12 DE DE102007022303.1A patent/DE102007022303B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5413103A (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1995-05-09 | Uwe Thomas Recording | Microprobe and probe apparatus |
| DE9300676U1 (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1993-03-11 | Eckhorn, Reinhard, Prof. Dr.-Ing., 3575 Kirchhain | Microprobe and probe device |
| US20040034394A1 (en) * | 1999-01-07 | 2004-02-19 | Woods Carla Mann | Implantable generator having current steering means |
| DE10044115A1 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2001-04-12 | Medtronic Inc | Combined micro-macro-brain stimulation lead and method of use |
| US7027872B2 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2006-04-11 | Medtronic, Inc. | Variable encryption scheme for data transfer between medical devices and related data management systems |
| US20030199944A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-10-23 | Chapin John K. | Method and apparatus for guiding movement of a freely roaming animal through brain stimulation |
| DE10211766A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-10-09 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Device for treating patients by means of brain stimulation, an electronic component and the use of the device and the electronic component in medicine |
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| Title |
|---|
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