DE102007021564A1 - Component e.g. plate-type heat exchanger, temperature measuring method for petrochemical industry or petrochemical system, involves evaluating optical signals of optical fiber present inside component - Google Patents
Component e.g. plate-type heat exchanger, temperature measuring method for petrochemical industry or petrochemical system, involves evaluating optical signals of optical fiber present inside component Download PDFInfo
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- DE102007021564A1 DE102007021564A1 DE102007021564A DE102007021564A DE102007021564A1 DE 102007021564 A1 DE102007021564 A1 DE 102007021564A1 DE 102007021564 A DE102007021564 A DE 102007021564A DE 102007021564 A DE102007021564 A DE 102007021564A DE 102007021564 A1 DE102007021564 A1 DE 102007021564A1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/322—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Brillouin scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/324—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres using Raman scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K2213/00—Temperature mapping
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung in Anlagenteilen der petrochemischen Industrie oder Anlagen zur Luftzerlegung.The The invention relates to a method for temperature measurement in system parts the petrochemical industry or air separation plants.
In Anlagenteilen der petrochemischen Industrie oder Anlagen zur Luftzerlegung wird nach dem bisherigen Stand der Technik die Temperatur mittels eines elektrischen Thermometers mit entsprechender Verkabelung gemessen. Einige wenige Temperaturfühler werden bei der Montage der Anlagenteile an einigen wenigen ausgewählten Punkten montiert und entsprechend verkabelt. Diese Kabel werden zur Temperaturanalyse aus den Anlagenteilen herausgeführt.In Plant components of the petrochemical industry or air separation plants According to the prior art, the temperature by means of a electrical thermometer with appropriate wiring. A few temperature sensors are used when mounting the system parts at a few selected points mounted and wired accordingly. These cables are used for temperature analysis led out of the system parts.
Diese Methode nach dem Stand der Technik zur Temperaturmessung weist einige Nachteile auf. Die elektrischen Temperaturfühler sind naturgemäß nur in der Lage, die Temperatur ihrer jeweiligen Umgebung zu erfassen. Daher kann bei den Anlagenteilen nach dem Stand der Technik nur eine Information über die Temperatur an wenigen ausgewählten Punkten, nämlich den Punkten, die mit einem Temperaturfühler versehen wurden, gewonnen werden.These The prior art method of measuring temperature has some Disadvantages. The electrical temperature sensors are naturally only in able to detect the temperature of their respective environment. Therefore, in the system parts according to the prior art only an information about the temperature at a few selected points, namely won the points, which were provided with a temperature sensor become.
Diese punktuellen Temperaturinformationen wirken sich beispielsweise besonders nachteilig beim Einsatz in einem gewickelten Wärmetauscher in der Erdgasverflüssigung aus. Bei einer genauen Kenntnis des Verlaufes des Temperaturprofils der Erdgasfraktion während des Verflüssigungsprozesses im Wärmetauscher ließe sich die Verflüssigung selbst besser steuern und somit der Energieverbrauch im Wärmetauscher optimieren. Dies gilt ebenfalls für die Energieoptimierung bei Plattenwärmetauschern oder Geradrohrwärmetauschern.These punctual temperature information, for example, have a special effect disadvantageous when used in a wound heat exchanger in natural gas liquefaction out. With a precise knowledge of the course of the temperature profile the natural gas fraction during the liquefaction process in the heat exchanger could liquefaction even better control and thus the energy consumption in the heat exchanger optimize. This also applies to the energy optimization at plate heat exchangers or straight tube heat exchangers.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung in Anlagenteilen derart auszugestalten, dass die Temperaturmessung an sehr vielen Punkten der Anlagenteile ermöglicht und somit die Kenntnis des Temperaturprofils in den entsprechenden Anlagenteilen erhöht wird.Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, a method for temperature measurement in plant parts in such a way that the temperature measurement at many points of the system parts allows and thus the knowledge of the temperature profile in the corresponding system parts elevated becomes.
Die vorliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass optische Signale mindestens eines, im inneren der Anlagenteile befindlichen, Lichtwellenleiters ausgewertet werden.The This object is achieved in that optical signals at least a, located in the interior of the system parts, optical fiber be evaluated.
Die Auswertung der optische Signale eines Lichtwellenleiters innerhalb der Anlagenteile ermöglicht prinzipiell die Temperaturmessung an beliebig vielen Punkten des Lichtwellenleiters. Die in den Lichtwellenleiter eingesandten und zurückerhaltenen Signale sind stark temperaturabhängig und daher zur Temperaturmessung in der Umgebung des Lichtwellenleiters bestens geeignet. Zur Auswertung der optischen Signale des Lichtwellenleiters existieren mehrere Methoden, die es erlauben, die Temperatur an einem beliebigen Punkt des Lichtwellenleiters mit hoher Präzision zu bestimmen.The Evaluation of the optical signals of an optical waveguide within allows the plant parts in principle, the temperature measurement at any number of points Optical waveguide. The sent in the optical fiber and received signals are strongly temperature dependent and therefore for temperature measurement in the vicinity of the optical waveguide best for. For evaluation of the optical signals of the optical waveguide exist several methods that allow the temperature at one any point of the optical fiber with high precision determine.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Temperaturmessung über die Auswertung von optischen Signalen, wie sie durch Ramanstreuung entstehen. Lichtwellenleiter werden in der Regel aus dotiertem Quarzglas (amorphe Festkörperstruktur aus hauptsächlich Siliziumdioxid) gefertigt. In diesen amorphen Festkörperstrukturen werden über thermische Effekte Gitterschwingungen induziert. Diese Gitterschwingungen sind temperaturabhängig. Licht, welches auf die Moleküle im Lichtwellenleiter trifft, tritt in Wechselwirkung mit den Elektronen der Moleküle. Diese Wechselwirkung nennt man Ramanstreuung. Das zurückgestreute Licht lässt sich in drei spektrale Gruppen einteilen. Neben der Rayleigh-Streuung, welche der Wellenlänge des eingestrahlten Lichtes entspricht, existieren die so genannten Stokes- und die so genannten Anti-Stokes-Komponenten. Im Gegensatz zu den, zu höheren Wellenlängen verschobenen und temperaturunabhängigen, Stokes-Komponenten sind die zu kleineren Wellenlängen verschobenen Anti-Stokes-Komponenten temperaturabhängig. Das Intensitätsverhältnis zwischen Stokes- und Anti-Stokes-Komponenten kann somit zur Temperaturmessung genutzt werden. Über eine Fouriertransformation dieser beiden rückgestreuten Komponenten im Vergleich mit der Fouriertransformation eines Referenzsignales erhält man die Intensitäten der beiden Komponenten über der Länge des Lichtwellenleiters. Somit kann über den Vergleich der beiden Intensitäten die Temperatur für jeden Punkt des Lichtwellenleiters ermittelt werden.In In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temperature is measured over the Evaluation of optical signals caused by Raman scattering. Optical waveguides are usually made of doped quartz glass (amorphous Solid structure mainly Silicon dioxide). In these amorphous solid-state structures are over thermal Effects induced lattice vibrations. These lattice vibrations are temperature dependent. Light, which is on the molecules in the optical fiber, interacts with the electrons of the molecules. This interaction is called Raman scattering. The backscattered Leaves light divide into three spectral groups. In addition to Rayleigh scattering, which of the wavelength of the incident light, the so-called Stokes and the so-called anti-Stokes components. Unlike the ones shifted to higher wavelengths and temperature independent, Stokes components are the anti-Stokes components shifted to smaller wavelengths temperature dependent. The intensity ratio between Stokes and anti-Stokes components can thus be used for temperature measurement. Over a Fourier transformation of these two backscattered components in Comparison with the Fourier transform of a reference signal gives the intensities the two components over the length of the optical fiber. Thus, over the comparison of the two intensities the temperature for be determined every point of the optical waveguide.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Temperaturmessung über die Auswertung von optischen Signalen, wie sie durch Brillouin-Streuung des Lichtwellenleiters entstehen. In diesem Fall basiert die Temperaturmessung auf der ortsaufgelösten Bestimmung der Differenzfrequenz zwischen der, in dem Lichtwellenleiter eingekoppelten, primären Lichtwelle und der, durch sie in Folge von Brillouin-Streuung, im Lichtwellenleiter induzierten und zurückgestreuten Welle, welche in ihrer Frequenz in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur gegenüber der Primärwelle verringert ist. Bei gepulst eingestrahlter Primärwelle kann durch zeitaufgelöste Detektion des Signallichtes für verschiedene Frequenzdifferenzen unter Kenntnis der Pulslaufzeit die Frequenzverschiebung aufgrund der Temperaturveränderung ortsaufgelöst bestimmt werden. Auch in dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung lässt sich durch die Auswertung der optischen Signale die Temperatur an jedem beliebigen Punkt des Lichtwellenleiters bestimmen.In In a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature measurement takes place via the Evaluation of optical signals, as determined by Brillouin scattering of the optical waveguide arise. In this case, the temperature measurement is based on the spatially resolved Determining the difference frequency between, in the optical waveguide coupled, primary Light wave and, by them, as a result of Brillouin scattering, in the Optical waveguide induced and backscattered wave, which in their frequency depending from the temperature opposite the primary wave is reduced. Pulsed irradiated primary wave can be detected by time-resolved detection of the signal light for different frequency differences with knowledge of the pulse duration the frequency shift due to the temperature change spatially resolved be determined. Also in this embodiment of the invention can be by evaluating the optical signals the temperature at each determine any point of the optical waveguide.
In einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolg die Temperaturmessung über die Auswertung von optischen Signalen, wie sie durch Streuung am Bragg-Gitter entstehen. Bragg-Gitter sind in den Lichtwellenleiter eingeschriebene optische Bandfilter, welche nahezu beliebig oft im Lichtwellenleiter platziert werden können. Die Mittenwellenzahl des Bandstopps ergibt sich dabei aus der Bragg-Bedingung. Die spektrale Breite des Bandstopps hängt neben der Gitterlänge und der Brechzahl von der Temperatur ab. Somit kann man bei gegebener und über den Lichtwellenleiter verschiedener Gitterlänge und Brechzahl die Temperatur an der jeweiligen Stelle des Bragg-Gitters über die Breite des Bandstopps bestimmen.In another embodiment of the invention, the temperature measurement on the success Evaluation of optical signals, as determined by scattering at the Bragg grating arise. Bragg gratings are inscribed in the optical fiber optical band filters, which are almost as often in the optical waveguide can be placed. The center wave number of the band stop results from the Bragg condition. The spectral width of the band stop depends on the grid length and the refractive index of the temperature. Thus one can with given and over the optical fiber of different grating length and refractive index the temperature determine the width of the belt stop at the respective location of the Bragg grating.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung in einem Wärmetauscher angewendet. In gewickelten Wärmetauschern, wie sie beispielsweise in der Erdgasverflüssigung angewandt werden, lässt sich der gesamte Verflüssigungsprozess über die Kenntnis der Temperatur beobachten und steuern. Dazu können vorteilhafterweise Lichtwellenleiter in der Innere der gewickelten Rohre und auf der Außenseite der gewickelten Rohre angebracht werden, so dass ein Temperaturprofil für das Medium im Rohrinneren, beispielsweise Erdgas, und ein Temperaturprofil für das Medium im Mantelraum, beispielsweise ein Kältefluid, erstellt werden kann. Über die gemessenen Temperaturprofile kann der gesamte Prozess gesteuert und energetisch optimiert werden. Ebenso vorteilhaft wäre die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in Plattenwärmetauschern, wie sie beispielsweise in der Luftzerlegung eingesetzt werden, oder in Geradrohrwärmetauschern.In A preferred embodiment is the inventive method for temperature measurement in a heat exchanger applied. In wound heat exchangers, as used in natural gas liquefaction, for example the entire liquefaction process via knowledge observe and control the temperature. For this purpose, advantageously optical fibers in the interior of the wound pipes and on the outside the wound pipes are attached, leaving a temperature profile for the Medium in the tube interior, such as natural gas, and a temperature profile for the Medium in the shell space, such as a refrigerant fluid, can be created. About the measured temperature profiles, the entire process can be controlled and be energetically optimized. Equally advantageous would be the application the method according to the invention in plate heat exchangers, as used for example in air separation, or in straight pipe heat exchangers.
In einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung in einem Adsorber angewendet. Adsorber kommen vielfach in petrochemischen Anlagen, Druckwechseladsorptionsverfahren oder Anlagen zur Luftzerlegung vor. Sie werden hauptsächlich zum Kühlen oder Regenerieren von Waschmitteln oder zur Stofftrennung eingesetzt. Durch die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens können hier ebenfalls Temperaturprofile erstellt werden, die über eine punktuelle Information hinausgehen und zur Optimierung der Verfahrenssteuerung verwandt werden können.In In another embodiment of the invention, the method for Temperature measurement applied in an adsorber. Adsorbers come in many cases in petrochemical plants, pressure swing adsorption or Installations for air separation before. They are mainly used for cooling or regeneration used by detergents or for substance separation. By the application the method according to the invention can Here also temperature profiles are created, which are over a punctual Information go beyond and to optimize the process control can be used.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird das Verfahren zur Temperaturmessung in einer Kolonne angewendet. Kolonnen mit regellosen Füllkörperschüttungen oder strukturierten Packungen werden in petrochemischen Anlagen hauptsächlich zur Trennung oder Kontaktierung von zwei chemisch verschiedenen Phasen verwendet. Die beiden chemisch verschiedenen Phasen sollen meist miteinander reagieren. Diese Reaktionen laufen in der Regel unter Wärmeaufnahme oder -abgabe ab. Daher lässt sich durch die Erstellung eines Temperaturprofils in den Kolonnen auch die Konzentration der chemischen Phasen bestimmen und die Prozesse lassen sich entsprechend optimieren. Bei Kolonnen, wie sie in Anlagen zur Luftzerlegung eingesetzt werden, ist durch die genaue Bestimmung der Temperatur die Bestimmung der Anteile der gasförmigen und der flüssigen Phase möglich.In In a further embodiment of the invention, the method for Temperature measurement applied in a column. Columns with random packed beds or structured packs are used in petrochemical plants mainly for the separation or contacting of two chemically different Phases used. The two chemically different phases are intended mostly react with each other. These reactions usually run under heat absorption or delivery. Therefore lets by creating a temperature profile in the columns also determine the concentration of the chemical phases and the processes can be optimized accordingly. For columns, as in plants used for air separation is determined by the exact determination the temperature determining the proportions of gaseous and the liquid Phase possible.
Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gelingt es insbesondere, mit einfachen Mitteln die Temperatur an praktisch beliebig vielen Punkten in den Anlagenteilen zu messen und Temperaturprofile für die Anlagenteile zu erstellen.With The present invention succeeds in particular, with simple Means the temperature at virtually any number of points in the Measuring plant components and creating temperature profiles for the plant components.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007021564A DE102007021564A1 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2007-05-08 | Component e.g. plate-type heat exchanger, temperature measuring method for petrochemical industry or petrochemical system, involves evaluating optical signals of optical fiber present inside component |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007021564A DE102007021564A1 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2007-05-08 | Component e.g. plate-type heat exchanger, temperature measuring method for petrochemical industry or petrochemical system, involves evaluating optical signals of optical fiber present inside component |
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| DE102007021564A1 true DE102007021564A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
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| DE102007021564A Withdrawn DE102007021564A1 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2007-05-08 | Component e.g. plate-type heat exchanger, temperature measuring method for petrochemical industry or petrochemical system, involves evaluating optical signals of optical fiber present inside component |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013134645A1 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas by adsorption |
| DE202013008316U1 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2013-10-18 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Plate heat exchanger and heat exchanger unit |
| US8668767B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2014-03-11 | Invacare Corporation | Product gas concentrator and method associated therewith |
| EP2720016A1 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-16 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for measuring a temperature profile in a column for mass and/or energy exchange |
| WO2014056587A1 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Temperature measurement using an optical waveguide in a plate heat exchanger |
| WO2014056588A1 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for controlling a temperature distribution in a heat exchanger |
| WO2014056604A1 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-04-17 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for measuring a temperature profile in an adsorber |
| US9067174B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2015-06-30 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
| US9120050B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2015-09-01 | Invacare Corporation | Product gas concentrator utilizing vacuum swing adsorption and method associated therewith |
| US9266053B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2016-02-23 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
| EP3006875A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for regulating a coupled heat exchanger system and heat exchanger system |
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| WO2020035167A1 (en) | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-20 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Wound heat exchanger, method for producing a wound heat exchanger, and method for temperature and/or expansion measurement in a wound heat exchanger |
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| US11931689B2 (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2024-03-19 | Ventec Life Systems, Inc. | System and method for concentrating gas |
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2007
- 2007-05-08 DE DE102007021564A patent/DE102007021564A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| US10010696B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2018-07-03 | Invacare Corportion | Product gas concentrator and method associated therewith |
| US9375674B2 (en) | 2005-10-25 | 2016-06-28 | Invacare Corporation | Product gas concentrator and method associated therewith |
| US8668767B2 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2014-03-11 | Invacare Corporation | Product gas concentrator and method associated therewith |
| US9120050B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2015-09-01 | Invacare Corporation | Product gas concentrator utilizing vacuum swing adsorption and method associated therewith |
| US9132377B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2015-09-15 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
| WO2013134645A1 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2013-09-12 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas by adsorption |
| US9694311B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2017-07-04 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
| US10300427B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2019-05-28 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
| AU2013229908B2 (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2018-02-01 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas by adsorption |
| US9067174B2 (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2015-06-30 | Invacare Corporation | System and method for concentrating gas |
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| US20150241141A1 (en) * | 2012-10-09 | 2015-08-27 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Temperature measurement by means of an optical waveguide in a plate heat exchanger |
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