DE102007016963A1 - Resource saving method for maintaining indoor temperature of e.g. residential house, involves arranging set of convection channels such that ascending and descending convection stream flows through different channels - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves heating or cooling air by heat exchange with water from corresponding heat zones (6) of a heat accumulator (1). The water is returned back to other heat zones of the heat accumulator by a distributor according to changed temperature after heat exchange with water. The heat accumulator maintains the temperature gradient of the water, and is divided by heat damming screens (23) in the heating zones. A set of convection channels (7) is arranged such that the ascending and descending convection stream flows through different channels.

Description

The The invention relates to heat and solar technology namely, on objects of the room climate in different Buildings: Residential buildings, buildings, greenhouses, Orangeries, greenhouses, winter gardens and the economic spaces.

The method of heating with the use of the heat storage is known. For example, ( RU 2003127643 , 12-09-2003, F24D15 / 00.) The process of heating and hot water supply of the dwelling house, where the heat from the cooling of the engine for warming includes the water of the water system, the warming water in the boiler for the household needs and the Accumulation of heat in substances that are isolated in the ground under the house. This invention solves the problem of the profitable use of the versatile fuel. The problem of rational use of heat in the heat accumulator is assigned very little space in this invention. Burning of fuel aggravates ecological crisis therefore the use of heat solar is preferred. It is known accumulation of solar heat by the change of the phase state of the substance ( RU 2252374 , 20.10.2003.)

These Invention solves another problem. This patents is only for the solar heating of the tourist Tents predestined.

It is known the method of warming the greenhouse by the accumulation of heat energy in the pits in the summer time and their use in the season of low temperatures by means of the circulation of atmospheric air through the ground. The regulation of the microclimate of the hothouse is realized by the directed change of water in the layers of the soil, by creating the difference of the pressures in the hydrous layer ( SU 1496431 A01G 13/06.) This process is power-intensive and associated with heat losses at the expense of mixing warm and cold water and heat conduction, which means that the heat energy is not used usefully. The abundance of heat is not accumulated, but dispersed. This means that the heat energy is used less effectively.

Prototype is the invention ( DE 10 2004 001 139 A1 , 31.01.2003), a complex resource-saving greenhouse in which the heat generated by composting is used as the main source of heat energy, and solar energy is used as an additional source of heat. Thermal energy with calculation of the minimum losses is given to the heat accumulator subject to creation and preservation of the maximum temperature gradient used for supply in hothouse departments of a greenhouse of the abandoned microclimate.

The Main differences from the prototype are: the prototype requires the large container for the heat accumulator. It will be suitable for use in complex greenhouses, the greenhouses and the large agricultural Objects especially effective where the compost and the process of his Preparation to be used.

The The aim of the invention is to increase the effectiveness and economic efficiency, expansion of the field of application the heat accumulator for the resource-saving ecological pure method of supplying the indoor environment in different buildings.

The Essence of the invention is: resource-saving method of supply of the indoor environment in different constructions, as the main sources the Solar heat energy is used as an extra Heat energy source is the solar energy and becomes the inner one Heat of the earth and heat from various household appliances used. These problems are solved by the claims 1-34 listed features.

The resource-saving procedures for supplying the indoor environment, that the accumulation of heat energy in the tank with the water in the heat accumulator, where to pass by the temperature-dependent handover the heat energy from the water and the air in certain Zones of the volume of the heat accumulator - the Heat zone, which is characterized by a lower one to its size outside the heat zone Static temperature gradient recorded the temperature gradient creates and supports the water. The warming or the cooling of the air is through the heat exchange with the water from the corresponding heat zone of the heat accumulator realized, after the heat exchange, the water returns through the distributor into the other heat zone of the heat accumulator its changed temperature, back. The heat accumulator is used for the maintenance of the Temperature gradients of the water through the thermal insulation screens divided into the heat zones. The convection channels be in the heat insulation screens on such Way set up, that the ascending and descending convection currents flow through the different channels. So the Heat accumulator with the convection channels with equipped with the lugs in those Heat zone of the heat accumulator enter, where flowing through them directing the convection currents.

you the adapted distribution of the temperature gradient under the construction and in the adjacent zones by the directed heat transfer of abundance the thermal energy ensures the surrounding soil; for which the lower one lowered more than 1,5-2 m Heat zones of the heat accumulator good thermal contact is ensured with the ground, which results in the transfer and accumulations of heat energy not only in the heat accumulator, but also in the adjacent zones of the soil.

The Inner heat of the earth is due to the rise with the convection currents warm water that warms up from the heat exchange with the ground is used. The heat accumulator comes with a heat shield equipped, which has a good reflective surface Has.

Of the Heat shield, which has a good reflective surface such deep-set into the ground becomes the heat shield, along the outer perimeter of the building foundation established.

In the reason placed heat shield, which is a good reflective Surface has, the outer casing of the building foundation along the heat dissipation losses to reduce. Thus, the reduction becomes the heat radiation loss guaranteed.

to The next construction of the heat accumulator will be realized recommended: any heat zone from one or more pipes is composed, whose axes are horizontal or the pointed angles are aligned with the horizontal form; the pipes be with the other heat zones through the verticals or with the vertical forming the acute angle connected the pipe sockets, in which the convection channels be set up. Variants of this construction are possible. The heat accumulator consists of several containers and section, the tubes in the sections of either the jagged, or the spiral shape, or spiral screws, or screw shape produced by the horizontal and the acute angles with the horizontal pipes forming the heat zone join the sections, merged into a unitary system become.

Of the Airspace of the heat accumulator, where the heat zone to be set up by the thermal insulation screens is split, through these the air ducts and the furnace trains be passed through the regulation by the heat accumulator passing air streams, both convection air streams, as well as to ensure the ventilation currents.

In order to will reduce the heat losses and the conservation the temperature gradient ensured.

Within the heat accumulator is the pipe approaches with the convection ducts in the air ducts and the kilns set up, bringing the heat transfer of all the abundance ensures the heat energy to the heat accumulator becomes.

The Cross-sections of the pipes, the pipe connections of the heat accumulator, not just a round or oval shape, but also one Sector, segmental or semicircular form, also the form: the triangle, the square, the pentagon or polygon is possible.

The Tubes that become tubing extensions of the heat accumulator not only straight, but also the tortuous shape: zigzag, screws or spiral screws produced; they have the big surface, for example: ribbed, needle-shaped. For the Reduction of heat losses becomes the adapted distribution the temperature gradient under the structure and in adjacent earth zones with the directed heat transfer of abundance the thermal energy ensures the surrounding soil.

At least a section of the heat accumulator becomes from the outside set up the building; at the same time pipes, lower ones have deeper as 1.5-2 m below ground level below built heat zones the heat accumulator and the outside of the Construction established pipes a thermal contact with the ground. The additional accumulation of heat energy through the change of the phase state of the substance becomes the Container with this substance in the plane between the heat zones arranged whose maximum temperature is higher than its melting point is. The regulation of the dynamics of the participation of this substance in the process The heat contact is brought about by the change the convection channels or the adjacent heat zones of the heat accumulator achieved, for example, by the Change in the number of switched convection channels changes the phase state of the substance with that of these convection channels have a good thermal contact.

At least two different substances are used whose melting points are within operating temperature limits of the heat accumulator; thereby the container with one of substances arranged in the plane of the heat accumulator, according to the level of the melting temperature of this substance, for example: the paraffin, in the upper level of the heat accumulator, the glycerin in the middle level, and the oleic acid, the lowest enamel point, it is arranged on the low level. The heat accumulator, heat shield and heat shields are assembled from the double plate, each of which has a good reflective surface, such that either a dilution or a vacuum is made in the gap between the plates, this state being maintained thanks to a connecting the two plates net-like equipment that forms a mesh structure in which the tightness of each mesh is secured.

It is made of double metallic sheet metal or combined, consisting of two different fabrics, which is a good reflective Have surface. This will reduce the thermal losses and the preservation of the temperature gradient ensured. Effectiveness of the room climate depends on the heat exchanger, Solar heat exchanger - solar heat exchanger which is submitted in the solution after standing. you uses as the solar heat exchanger the tent roof of the Construction, for which it is equipped with double roofing is going to be the possibility of movement for water and air in the space to ensure the roofs, the inner roof becomes the water collecting gutter with the casting and equipped with the discharge pipes. The heat energy of water drains into the heat accumulator. The water gets out of the lower heat zones of the heat accumulator from the pump to the ridge in the space between sprayed or sprayed the roofing, it is in the interior of the building cooled down Taken air, the inner cover down-flowing water takes on the heat exchange with the sun of the heated roof construction and the air, warms up and goes through the distributor into the heat zone of the heat accumulator corresponding to its temperature. In the zone of the roof ridge, the distribution channel is set up, the water delivered without the extra water pressure will, according to the lower-lying inner roofs and directional strips equally distributed. The water is with the more economical process without an additional water pressure delivered. It allows to apply the weak pumps and save the electrical energy. The accumulation of solar energy in the heat accumulator thanks to the energy, which on the cooling the air in the building is consumed, that is realized without additional energy expenditure.

The Solar thermal energy is subject to calculations The minimum losses are created in the heat accumulator and the preservation in it of the stable temperature gradient passed on, the room climate abandoned for the supply in the buildings is used.

Therefore is the problem of accumulation of heat energy in the most profitable method. The solution this problem contributes to increasing the efficiency at. For the reduction of material intensity the inner roofing becomes partially or completely opaque executed, or from the fabric less transparent for the heat radiation, or from the toned fabric, or from the material, whose transparency is dependent changes from the intensity of solar radiation, for example, from the corresponding types of glass.

When Solar heat exchanger not the whole construction of the roof, but only the sunlit roofs, their edges and the roof tapes on these roof surfaces for Use, that is, the roof construction is only partly covered twice; for the complicated roofs with several roof areas, the inner roofing with the equipped with additional casts and distribution channels, the water on the lower-lying roofs and directional strips, or in the pipes, plus the heat energy accumulating the water, distribute the heat exchanger.

Of the Room of heat exchange on the lower for the outgoing water predetermined part, and from on the upper predetermined for the ascending air Part that through a partition wall or a blind is split. The dividing partition wall a large surface both on the air-blown side, as well as on the has water-flowed side; if the two roofs of the roof are transparent, the dividing partition wall becomes off a toned fabric, or from the fabric, its transparency varies depending on the intensity of the solar radiation, is made, if the lower roof is opaque, then The partition wall is made of any thermally conductive material made with blackened surface. The movement the water from the roof ridge to the cornice happens through the frame of the inner roof of the solar heat exchanger as by the directional strips, what the corresponding profile, for example T-shaped is used, and in each other diagonally Corners of the frame that ensures the movement of the water, one makes the inlet openings for the water outlets on deep-seated directional strips of a framework, a movement direction of the effluent water changes. The complement and the natural continuation of such construction the solar heat exchanger submitted after standing.

The construction of a framework of internal roofs and a framework of internal glazings has channels with directional ledges for passing of water respectively, which curvilinear trajectory of the water to ensure internal coverage along the directional strips or the frame. The directional strip, the frames and the channels of the solar heat exchanger have the large surface, for example: gilled, rippled, ribbed, needle-shaped.

The natural continuation of such construction is a facade part of the solar heat exchanger after standing is submitted.

Of the Facade part is equipped on the sunlit facade of the building, which one connects with the base part, this one makes a transparent one Lid closes the sunlit base part of the building, above it is with the outer surface of the facade part tightly connected, at the bottom it rests on the air-permeable Fabric that ensures the filtering of the incoming air, or connects to the heat shield, and then comes the Air from its front sides. His inner part consists of the pipes and the water collecting gutters collecting and distributing the draining water from the inner roofing respectively the pipes ensure where the water in addition is heated, then comes in the heat accumulator into it.

These Construction of the solar heat exchanger represents in the form of Roof frame or net out of the pipes with a transparent sun-facing surface channels produced by the colonel in the horizontal levels branched off - Firstkanal branch off; which flows into the water and from which the air is taken from that of the sun heated roofs installed channels - hanging ducts connect the top ridge channel with the cornice. These Channels are either in the depressions of the roof or installed on their surface, from the transparent Pipe fittings mounted as components or separable Shape from above through the transparent lid closed and be equipped with the directional strips to the direction to change the water movement.

The Cross sections of these channels of the solar heat exchanger not just a round or oval shape, also have a sector, segmented or semicircular form, also the form: the triangle, the quadrilateral, pentagon or polygon.

The upper channel of this solar heat exchanger, called the air duct is executed, within which the water through nozzles sprayed or sprayed. The topmost channel - First Channel, which is installed in the horizontal level, through the partition wall divided into upper and lower zone, which divides at one end of the ridge channel, and sharing from other end, he has that Air ducts leading to the heat accumulator and in the construction. The sprayed or sprayed water gathers in the lower zone of the ridge channel, which except the Water drains branched off by itself Hanging channels, the direct switched water drains from the ridge channel into the heat accumulator.

inner Part of the facade part of the solar heat exchanger has exemplary embodiments. Inner part represents one with the concave blackened side facing the sun and getting thermal contact with the pipes located cylindrical surface, the tubes in the Form of serpentine lead the water into the heat accumulator off, and its outer part is made of a transparent Tube or a transparent lid.

This Façade part of the solar heat exchanger is with base part whose inner part represents a blackened cylindrical surface, which is in thermal contact with the tubes has and is in the sunlit by the transparent cover closed pedestal zone is located; this one is at the top of the outer wall of the construction and the transparent cover and under the heat shield attached, the inflow and filtering of air from the air-permeable porous fabric of the front sides of the facade part of the solar heat exchanger guaranteed. Other variant inner facade part of the solar heat exchanger has the execution. The inner part of the façade part represents a transparent tube with the reflective cylindrical surface through which the air moves; the reflective cylindrical Surface concentrates the sun's rays on the water flow provided inner tube with a solar absorber surface.

These natural continuation and the supplementation of such Construction that increase the effectiveness guaranteed.

The full version of such a construction of the indoor climate which is submitted with the solar heat exchanger and the heat accumulator after standing. The at least a part of the sections of the heat accumulator is united with it by the tubes of the lower heat zone, being installed from the outside of the foundation under the transparent cover of the base part of the solar heat exchanger which is connected to the heat shield. The bottom rows of pipes and the pipes from the outside of the heat accumulator have a large surface and are installed on the more 1.5-2 M depth where the thermal contact of the pipes with the ground is ensured. The upper tubes are spilled with the air-permeable material, for example, the pore gravel, the air flow is from the front sides of the Base part of the solar heat exchanger executed, and the filtering quality and the initial change in air characteristics in the passage of air through the air-permeable material is ensured thanks to deepening of the additional enclosure of the air catcher or front side of the front partitions.

For The fight of condensate within the building becomes the next one Solution submitted. The condensate drainage channels through which the condensate is discharged into the condensate collector and then as a replacement for the water losses in the heat accumulator used, inside the building to the elements cooled by the water the construction with a gap giving wide access for to provide free air to them, to be consolidated. The Air flows of the incoming ventilation flows are directed along the condensation gutters. These Solution contributes to increasing the effectiveness at. The resource-saving method of indoor climate has many functions. The air ducts, the kilns, the chimneys and the channels are locked to the sliders, which are connected to switching drives which can also be controlled automatically, as well with the help of simple electronic equipment according to the temperature sensors Optimal regulation realizes optimal selection of the Schemes of functioning air ducts or channels heat exchanger, as well as complex ones electronic systems, which determine a temperature and humidity with the use of several regimes of optimal control under consideration maintained by the assigned parameter and selected programs. The listed variants of the heat accumulator and the solar heat exchanger can with the architecture of residential buildings and industrial buildings harmoniously be combined. For example, the first variant is the residential building with the conservatory under fourth roof roof possible. The parts of the solar heat exchanger are directed to the following Way: lengthwise the ridge becomes the ridge channel straight to the borders of the southern roof area the hanging channels, and to its southern level Roof area become the sinuous hanging channels of the solar heat exchanger. Along the cornice the distribution channel adjusts. She distributes the water the inner roof of the conservatory, which is also the facade part of the solar heat exchanger is assembled. In the bottom Facade part we are with the base part of the solar heat exchanger connected.

The second variant will be the residential house with gable roof without conservatory on the figs 1 shown. On the figs 1 is the cross-section of the vertical secant from the level of the house, according to the second variant, according to proposed resource-saving ecologically clean processes of indoor climate is presented. It includes: The heat accumulator 1 , the solar heat exchanger the ridge channel 2 , the solar heat exchanger, the hanging ducts 3 , the solar heat exchanger, the façade part 4 , the solar heat exchanger, the base part 5 , the horizontal tubes of the heat zone 6 , the vertical ones align with the pipe connections with the convection channels 7 , the air pipes 8th , the container with the substances changing the phase state 9 , the air receiver 10 , the pipes of the water 11 , the dividing partition of the ridge channel 12 , the dividing partition wall of the Hangkanals 13 , the transparent cover of the ridge channel of the solar heat exchanger 14 , the transparent cover of the slope channel of the solar heat exchanger 15 , the condensate drainage channel 16 , the water collecting gutter 17 , the pipe in the form of serpentine stone of the facade part 18 , the transparent cover of the base part of the solar heat exchanger 19 , the black cylindrical surface 20 , The air-permeable fabric represented, for example, the pore gravel 21 , the fermented bottom tube of the heat accumulator 22 , the heat shield 23 , On the figs 2 The variant of the design of the inner cover of the solar heat exchanger with the movement of the water from the roof ridge to the cornice after the frame from the T-shaped profile 24 , the inlet openings for the discharge of water 25 submitted that except round, the triangular shape or the form rectangular can be met. On the figs 3 Variants of designs of hanging channels of a solar heat exchanger are provided: Variants of designs of transparent covers 26 , directing, the directional bar changing movements of the water 27 , the condensate drainage channels 28 ,

Some of the functioning of the resource-saving indoor climate will be low according to the 1 submitted. All parts of the solar heat exchanger are together the unitary ventilation system that changes the filtering, the temperature and the humidity of the fresh air, and ensures the profitable procedures within the building the comfortable indoor climate is managed. It is calculated on the steady functioning, but can be used in certain periods, for example, if its use is particularly effective. In the summer sunny day the external air enters from the faces of the base part of the solar heat exchanger, overcoming the air-permeable partition, filters and runs in the base part of the solar heat exchanger 5 , and then to façade parts and suspension ducts of the solar heat exchanger in the upper zone of the ridge channel 2 when its temperature will exceed the set limit, the pump will turn on, which will take the cold water to the pipe 11 supplies. The water is sprayed or sprayed through the nozzles. The water flows to the hanging channels 3 Sonnenwär Metauschers, participating in the heat exchange, warms and cools the moving air and roof of the house, when the cooling of the air is not enough, so the air from that part of the heat exchanger penetrates, where the water is sprayed or sprayed. Thereafter, enters the room or in the air line of the heat accumulator occurs. The water enters the water collection channel 17 into the drainage tube of the serpentine stone form 18 the base part of the solar heat exchanger, where is additionally heated by the sun, and enters, through the distributor, in the heat zone of their temperature corresponding to the heat accumulator. The water catcher is led out of the cold peripheral zone of the heat accumulator, therefore the accumulation of heat from the central part of the heat accumulator goes to the outside. Thus, the transfer and accumulation of heat energy not only in the heat accumulator, but also in the adjacent zones of the soil arrives.

In the winter period, the incoming air through the pore gravel 21 is heated by transferring heat accumulated from the ground by the heat accumulator in the summer, and internal heat of the earth. The incoming air is additionally heated by the base part, façade parts and the hanging ducts of the solar heat exchanger. If the temperature and humidity of the air does not meet the requirements, it will be heated (cooled) by means of the ridge channel of the solar heat exchanger, where the hot (cold) water is sprayed or sprayed or run in by the heat accumulator.

description

On the 2 the frontal view of the rectangular fragment of the variant of the design of the inner cover of the solar heat exchanger with the movement of water through the frame of the T-shaped profile with inlet openings, which may be except triangular, round or square. At the top right, the section of this fragment is shown with arrows from the direction of the view. On the 2 is shown: the T-shaped profile of the construction of the frame of the inner cover 24 , the inlet openings triangular shape 25 , the transparent inner cover 26 , On the 3 4 variants of the execution of the construction of the unit - components in separable form of the solar heat exchanger, from which assemble the suspension channels of the solar heat exchanger presented. Each of the variants is presented in two projections: top front view, bottom plan view. On the 3 is shown: Variants of designs of transparent covers 15 , the condensate drainage channels 16 , the directional bar 27 , the housings of the solar heat exchanger 28 , the centers of the openings for screws 29 , small clearance between the directional strip and the housing 30 , The directional strip is used to improve the heat exchange of water and air. The variants of installation of the solar heat exchanger on the roof of the building. In case of installation of channels in a recess of a roof the cover is installed by means of the same screws connecting a transparent cover and the case of a solar heat exchanger. In case of installation on the surface of the roof, channels are fixed by means of auxiliary adjustments. For the third variant is offered from the left.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - RU 2003127643 [0002]
• - RU 2252374 [0002]
• - SU 1496431 [0004]
• DE 102004001139 A1 [0005]

Claims (34)

The resource-saving method for supplying the indoor environment, which includes the accumulation of heat energy in the container with the water in the heat accumulator, where by the temperature-dependent the transfer of heat energy from the water and the air in certain zones of the volume of the heat accumulator - Heat zone, characterized by a lower compared to its size outside the thermal zone static temperature gradient, creates and supports the temperature gradient of the water; the heating or the cooling of the air is realized by the heat exchange with the water from the corresponding heat zone of the heat accumulator, after the heat exchange, the water returns through the manifold into the other heat zone of the heat accumulator according to its changed temperature, characterized in that the heat accumulator for maintaining the temperature gradient of the water through the thermal insulation screens is divided into the heat zones, in which the convection channels are set up in such a way that the ascending and descending convection flows through the different channels. The method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that one has the adapted distribution of the temperature gradient under the construction and in the adjacent zones by the directional heat transfer the abundance of heat energy surrounding Ground ensured; for which the lower one more than 1.5-2 M lower heat zones of the heat accumulator ensures good thermal contact with the ground This results in the transfer and accumulation of thermal energy not only in the heat accumulator, but also in the adjacent ones Zones of the soil, thereby also from the internal heat made use of by heat exchange with the earth warmed to the ground water with the rising convection currents increases. the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the heat accumulator with the convection channels equipped with lugs in enter that heat zone of the heat accumulator, where flowing through them direct convection currents. the method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the heat accumulator with a heat shield is equipped, which has a good reflective surface Has. the method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the heat shield placed in the ground, which has a good reflective surface, the outer one Surrounding the building foundation is placed along the heat radiation losses to reduce. The method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the heat accumulator, heat insulation screen and the heat shields from the double plate, each of whose has a good reflective surface, is put together, that in the gap between the plates either a dilution or a vacuum is created, this condition is maintained thanks a net-like equipment connecting the two panels, which forms a mesh structure in which the tightness of each individual Mesh is secured. The heat accumulator according to the method of Patent claim 1, characterized in that each heat zone composed of one or more tubes whose axes horizontally or the acute angle with the horizontal are aligned; the pipes become with the other heat zones through the vertical or with the vertical tips Angle forming the pipe joints connected in which the Convection channels are set up. The heat accumulator according to the claim 5 consisting of several containers and section, characterized that the pipes in the sections of either the jagged, or spirals, or spirals, or helical produced by the horizontal and the acute angles with the horizontal pipes forming the heat zone join the sections, merged into a unitary system become. The heat accumulator according to the claim 5, characterized in that its air space, where the heat zone be set up by the thermal insulation screens is divided, passed through this the air ducts be regulated by the heat accumulator going air currents, both convection air streams, as well as the ventilation currents to ensure. The heat accumulator according to the claim 7, characterized in that the pipe approaches with the Convection channels in the air ducts and the furnace trains is set up, bringing the heat transfer the whole abundance of heat energy to the heat accumulator is guaranteed. The heat accumulator according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one section of the heat accumulator is set up from the outside of the building; the have Pipes, the lower than 1.5-2 m underground under the heat accumulation zones of the heat accumulator and arranged from the outside of the building pipes in thermal contact with the ground. The method according to claims 1-7 with the additional accumulation of heat energy by changing the phase state of the substance, thereby characterized in that the container with this substance in the Level is arranged between the heat zones, whose maximum Temperature is higher than its melting point; the regulation The dynamics of the participation of this substance in the process is determined by the Change of thermal contact with the convection channels or the adjacent heat zones of the heat accumulator achieved, for example, by changing the number the switched convection channels changes the phase state of the substance with this convection channels have a good thermal contact. The method according to claim 12, characterized characterized in that at least two different substances are used, their melting points in operating temperature limits of the heat accumulator lie; while the container with one of fabric is in the level of the heat accumulator arranged accordingly the level of melting temperature of these substances, for example: the Paraffin, in the upper level of the heat accumulator, the Glycerine in the middle level, and the oleic acid, which has the lowest melting point, arranged in the low level becomes. The method according to claims 1-6, in which one as the solar heat exchanger the tent roof of Used construction, for which it equipped with the double roofing is going to be the possibility of movement for water and air in the space to ensure the roofs, the inner roof becomes the water collecting gutter with the casting and equipped with the drainage pipes, the heat energy derive the water in the heat accumulator; that from the lower heat zones of the heat accumulator of the Pump to the ridge water supplied is in the space between the roofs sprayed or sprayed, it is in the Interior of the building the led in cooled Taken from the air, the inner roof down-flowing water takes on the heat exchange with the sun-warming Roof construction and the air part, heats up and goes through the distributor into the heat zone corresponding to its temperature of the heat accumulator, characterized in that the inner roofs partially or completely opaque is executed, or from the substance less transparent for heat dissipation, or from toned fabric, or from the material whose transparency depends on the intensity of solar radiation changes, for example from the corresponding types of glass. The method according to claim 14, characterized characterized in that as a solar heat exchanger not the whole Construction of the roof, but only the sunlit roofs, their edges and the roof tapes on these roofs for Use, that is, the roof construction is only partly covered twice; for the complicated roofs with several roof areas, the inner roofing with the additional casts and the distribution channels equipped the water to the lower lying Roofs and directional strips, or in the pipes, in addition accumulating the heat energy of the water, the heat exchanger to distribute. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 14, characterized in that in the zone of the roof ridge the Distribution channel is set up, the water without the additional water pressure is delivered, according to the lower located inner roofing and directional strips evenly distributed. The method according to claims 14-16, characterized in that the accumulation of solar energy in Heat accumulator thanks to the energy, the cooling the air in the building is consumed, that is realized without additional energy expenditure. The solar heat exchanger according to the procedure Claims 14-17, characterized that the space of heat exchange to the lower one for the departing water predetermined part, and from on the upper part intended for ascending air, which is divided by a partition wall or a blind. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 18, characterized in that the dividing partition wall a Large surface both on the blown by the air Side, as well as on the side turned by the water; if the two roofs of the roof are transparent, the dividing becomes Partition wall of a toned fabric, or of the fabric whose Transparency depending on the intensity the solar emission changes, is manufactured, in case the lower roof is opaque, then the partition wall will be off Any heat-conducting material with blackened Surface produced. The solar heat exchanger according to claim 14-19, characterized in that the construction of the frame of the inner roofs and Frame of the internal glazing has channels with directional ledges for water passage respectively which provide a curving motion path of water on internal covering along directional strips or frames. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 20, characterized in that the movement of the water from the roof ridge to the cornice through the frame of the inner cover than through the directional strips happens, for what the corresponding profile, for example T-shaped is used, and in each other diagonally Corners of the frame, which ensures the movement of the water makes to let out the inlet apertures for water on deep-seated directional strips of a framework, a movement direction of the effluent water changes. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 20, 21 characterized in that on the sunlit facade the building is equipped a facade part, which one with connects the base parts, this provides a transparent cover which closes the sunlit base part of the building, above it is with the outer surface of the facade part tightly connected, at the bottom he supports himself on the air-permeable Material that ensures the filtering of the incoming air, or connects to the heat shield, and then comes the air from its front sides; his inner part exists from the pipes and the water collecting gutters collecting and the Distribution of the effluent water from the inner roof or the pipes ensures where the water is heated in addition, then comes into the heat accumulator into it. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 20, characterized in that its construction provides in shape of the roof scaffold or net out of the pipes with made of a transparent sun-facing surface channels which lay down from the colonel in the horizontal level - ridge channel branch; which flows into the water and from which the Air is taken from the sun-heated roofs installed channels - hanging channels connect the top ridge channel with the cornice. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 23, characterized in that the channels in either installed on the depressions of the roof or on its surface be, from the transparent tube approaches as components mounted or in separable form from above through the transparent Lid closed and equipped with the directional strips be used to change the direction of the water movement. The method according to claim 2 with the heat accumulator according to claim 7 and the solar heat exchanger according to to claim 23-24, characterized in that the cut of the pipes, the heat accumulation pipe connections, and the channels of the solar heat exchanger not have only a round or oval shape, but also a sector Segmental or semicircular shape, also the shape of the triangle, the Rectangle, pentagon or polygon is possible. The method according to claim 24, characterized characterized in that the tubes, the tube extensions of the heat accumulator, as well as the direction bar, the frames and the channels of the Solar heat exchanger not only straight, but also the tortuous Shape: zigzag, screws or spiral screws become; the large surface, for example: gregated, grooved, ribbed, needle-shaped. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 24 with the upper channel running as the air line is within which the water splatters through nozzles or is sprayed, characterized in that the am Most upper channel - ridge channel, which is in the horizontal Level is installed by the partition wall on top and bottom zone shared, which unites the parts of the ridge channel at one end, and sharing from other end, he has led the airlines to the heat accumulator and into the construction; that spilled or sprayed water gathers in the lower zone of the Firstkanal, which except the water drains of covered branching hanging channels, the direct switched water drains from the First Channel in the heat accumulator has. The solar heat exchanger according to any one of the claims 15-27, characterized in that the condensate drainage channels through which the condensate is discharged into the condensate collector and afterwards as replacement of the water losses in the heat accumulator used in the building interior to those cooled by water Elements of construction with a gap, the sufficient for ensuring the free air supply to them, be strengthened. The method of any of claim 28, characterized characterized in that the air streams of the air supply to the Condensation troughs are directed along. The solar heat exchanger according to claims 15-28, characterized in that it also includes the facade part, the inner part represents a with the concave blackened side facing the sun and dm heat contact with the pipes located cylindrical surface, the tubes in the form of serpentine lead the water in the heat accumulator, and its outer part is made of a transparent tube or a transparent lid , the solar heat exchanger according to the claim 28, characterized in that its facade part with base part whose inner part represents a blackened cylindrical surface, which has a thermal contact with the tubes and in the sunlit by the transparent cover closed pedestal zone is located; this one is at the top of the outer wall of the construction and the transparent cover and under the heat shield attached, the air inlet and the air filtering of the air-permeable porous fabric of the front sides of the facade part of the solar heat exchanger guaranteed. The solar heat exchanger according to the claim 30, 31 characterized in that the inner part constitutes a transparent Tube with the reflective cylindrical surface, through which the air moves; the reflective cylindrical surface concentrates the sun's rays on the water flow provided inner tube with a solar absorber surface. The method according to claims 1-6 with the solar heat exchanger according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the at least one by the Tubes of the cold heat zone with their united part of the Sections of the heat accumulator from the outside of the foundation under the transparent cover of the base part of the Solar heat exchanger connected to the heat shield is installed, the lower rows of pipes and the pipes from the outside of the heat accumulator a large surface and will be on the more 1.5-2 M depth is installed, where the thermal contact of the pipes Ensured with the ground, the upper tubes are with the air-permeable substance, for example the pore gravel, spilled, the air supply is from the front sides of the Base part of the solar heat exchanger running, and the filtering quality and the initial change Air characteristics in the passage of air through the air-permeable The fabric becomes thanks to the deepening of the additional fencing the air catcher or end face of the front partitions guaranteed. The method according to any one of the claims 1-6 with the solar heat exchanger according to the claims 22-32, characterized in that the air ducts, the vents and the channels are blocked the sliders, which are linked to switching drives, which also automatically can be controlled, as well as using simple electronic Installations on which the temperature sensors realize an optimal regulation optimal information Selection of schemes of functioning air ducts or the channels of the heat exchanger, as also the complicated electronic systems which determine one Temperature and humidity with the use of several regimes the optimal control taking into account assigned Maintain parameters and selected programs.