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DE102007015437B3 - Adding zone change e.g. extension, determining method for use during e.g. health and/or life-cycle-monitoring of adding zone of metallic composite material, involves measuring changes with sensor systems, which are positioned in zone - Google Patents

Adding zone change e.g. extension, determining method for use during e.g. health and/or life-cycle-monitoring of adding zone of metallic composite material, involves measuring changes with sensor systems, which are positioned in zone Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102007015437B3
DE102007015437B3 DE102007015437A DE102007015437A DE102007015437B3 DE 102007015437 B3 DE102007015437 B3 DE 102007015437B3 DE 102007015437 A DE102007015437 A DE 102007015437A DE 102007015437 A DE102007015437 A DE 102007015437A DE 102007015437 B3 DE102007015437 B3 DE 102007015437B3
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zone
material system
reactive material
sensor systems
joining zone
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Jean Pierre Dr.-Ing. Bergmann
Johannes Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wilden
Simon Dipl.-Ing. Jahn
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Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
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Technische Universitaet Ilmenau
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35303Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354Sensor working in reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0041Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/7769Measurement method of reaction-produced change in sensor
    • G01N2021/7773Reflection

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves measuring changes e.g. form and/or position change, in an adding zone with sensor systems e.g. fiber bragg grating sensors, which are positioned in the adding zone in combination with a reactive material system. The reactive material system is made of a set of alternatingly carried nano-structured layers that are made of aluminum and nickel. The sensor systems are directly integrated in the reactive material system by coating processes, and are positioned in the adding zone independent of the reactive material system.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Veränderungen (Form- und/oder Lageänderungen, Dehnungen, Spannungen, Temperaturänderungen) in der Fügezone metallischer Werkstoffe, die stoffschlüssig mittels Schweißen oder Löten unter Verwendung eines reaktiven Werkstoffsystems mit oder ohne Zusatzstoff gefügt werden.The The invention relates to a method for determining changes (Changes in shape and / or position, Strains, stresses, temperature changes) in the joining zone metallic Materials that are cohesive by welding or soldering using a reactive material system with or without Additive added become.

Stoffschlüssige Fügeverfahren für metallische Werkstoffe und ihre vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen sind im Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt.Cohesive joining process for metallic Materials and their advantageous embodiments are in the state the technology is sufficient known.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein in der US 6 991 856 B2 offengelegtes Verfahren, bei dem zur Erzeugung der an der Fügestelle notwendigen Wärme eine mehrschichtige reaktive Folie verwendet wird. Dabei handelt sich um eine aus abwechselnd aufgebrachten 25 bis 90 nm dicken Al bzw. Ni-Schichten (oder Al/Ti, Ni/Si, Nb/Si) hergestellte Folie (d = 40–180 μm), die zwischen zwei zu fügende Bauteile, die aus völlig unterschiedlichen Materialien bestehen können (z. B. SiC und Ti-6-4), eingebracht wird. Die negative Bildungsenthalpie der entstehenden Al-Ni-Phasen führt bei abgesenkter Schmelztemperatur zum Fortschreiten der Reaktion. Die entstehende Wärme kann beispielsweise zum Fügen durch Aufschmelzen eines Lotes verwendet werden. Durch die Variation von Dicke und Zusammensetzung der Folien bzw. Schichten kann die Temperatur, die Geschwindigkeit und die absolute Energie des Fügeprozesses gesteuert werden. Der Vorteil dieses vorgestellten Verfahrens liegt darin, dass auf Grund der hohen Prozessgeschwindigkeit und der niedrigen Wärmekapazität in der Fügezone die Bauteile „kalt" bleiben.The invention relates to a in the US Pat. No. 6,991,856 B2 A disclosed method in which a multilayer reactive film is used to produce the heat required at the joint. This is a film (d = 40-180 μm) produced alternately from 25 to 90 nm thick Al or Ni layers (or Al / Ti, Ni / Si, Nb / Si), which is between two components to be joined , which can be made of completely different materials (eg SiC and Ti-6-4) is introduced. The negative enthalpy of formation of the resulting Al-Ni phases leads to a progress of the reaction when the melting temperature is lowered. The resulting heat can be used, for example, for joining by melting a solder. By varying the thickness and composition of the films or layers, the temperature, the speed and the absolute energy of the joining process can be controlled. The advantage of this proposed method is that due to the high process speed and the low heat capacity in the joining zone, the components remain "cold".

Daneben ist aus der DE 102 10 787 B4 eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Messung von Deformationen und Schallwellen in Festkörpern mit einem oder mehreren an oder im Festkörper angeordneten Lichtwellenleitern mit mindestens einem eingeschriebenen Faser-Bragg-Gitter und einer Kontrolleinheit bekannt, wobei als Festkörper hier Faserverbundwerkstoffe bezeichnet werden. Auch aus der DE 102 149 84 B4 ist ein Aktorik- und Sensoriksystem für Verbundstrukturen, insbesondere CFK-Strukturen, bekannt, bei dem Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren als Dehnungsmesssensoren zur aktiven Schwingungsdämpfung und/oder Formkontrolle zumindest teilweise in piezokeramische Fasern integriert sind.Besides that is from the DE 102 10 787 B4 a device and a method for measuring deformations and sound waves in solids with one or more arranged on or in solid optical waveguides with at least one inscribed fiber Bragg grating and a control unit known, being referred to as solid here fiber composites. Also from the DE 102 149 84 B4 is an actuator and sensor system for composite structures, in particular CFRP structures, known in the fiber Bragg grating sensors are integrated as strain gauges for active vibration damping and / or shape control at least partially in piezoceramic fibers.

Faser-Bragg-Gitter sind optische Sensoren, die sich zur Messung von Dehnungen und Temperaturänderungen (durch Dehnung) eignen. Das Prinzip der Faser-Bragg-Gitter beruht darauf, dass die Eigenschaften des durch eine optische Faser geführten Lichts durch die zu messende physikalische Größe moduliert werden. Die in einer Faser integrierten Bragg-Gitter haben die Eigenschaft, Licht einer bestimmten Wellenlänge, die durch die Gitterparameter festgelegt wird, zu reflektieren ( DE 699 12 301 T2 ). Faser-Bragg-Gitter wirken als schmalbandige spektraloptische Filter, die Licht einer bestimmten Wellenlänge in der Faser reflektieren. Die Bragg-Wellenlänge wird durch die Gitterperiode und den optischen Brechungsindex des Lichtwellenleiters bestimmt und ist demzufolge von der Dehnung und der Temperatur des Fasergitters abhängig. Auf Grund ihres unterschiedlichen Brechungsverhaltens können mehrere Gitter entlang einer Einzelphase erzeugt werden, so dass Dehnungen in gewünschten Bereichen bestimmt werden können (Kaskadieren). Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren können direkt am Bauteil angebracht werden. Der Faserkern beträgt etwa 10 μm.Fiber Bragg gratings are optical sensors suitable for measuring strain and temperature variations (by strain). The principle of the fiber Bragg gratings is based on the fact that the properties of the light guided through an optical fiber are modulated by the physical quantity to be measured. The Bragg gratings integrated in a fiber have the property of reflecting light of a specific wavelength, which is determined by the lattice parameters ( DE 699 12 301 T2 ). Fiber Bragg gratings act as narrow band spectral optical filters that reflect light of a particular wavelength in the fiber. The Bragg wavelength is determined by the grating period and the optical refractive index of the optical waveguide and is thus dependent on the strain and the temperature of the fiber grating. Due to their different refractive behavior, multiple gratings can be created along a single phase so that strains in desired areas can be determined (cascading). Fiber Bragg grating sensors can be mounted directly on the component. The fiber core is about 10 microns.

Beim konventionellen stoffschlüssigen Fügen von metallischen Werkstoffen durch Schweißen und Löten ist die Verwendung von Faser-Bragg-Gittern für die Überwachung von Form- und/oder Lageänderungen, Dehnungen, Spannungen, Temperaturänderungen in der Fügezone der zu fügenden Werkstoffe jedoch problematisch, da für eine relativ lange Zeit im Schmelz- und/oder Lötbad und somit in der Fügezone hohe Temperaturen wirken. Dies würde zu einer irreversiblen Beschädigung der optischen Faser führen. Darüber hinaus werden Faser-Bragg-Gitter bei direkter Belichtung durch den Laserstrahl oder durch den Lichtbogen beschädigt.At the conventional cohesive Joining of Metallic materials by welding and brazing is the use of Fiber Bragg gratings for The supervision changes in shape and / or position, Strains, stresses, temperature changes in the joining zone of the to be joined materials However, problematic, there for a relatively long time in the melting and / or soldering bath and thus in the joining zone high Temperatures act. This would to irreversible damage lead the optical fiber. About that In addition, fiber Bragg gratings become with direct exposure through the laser beam or through the arc damaged.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, die genannten Nachteile zu überwinden und ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, mit dem bereits während des eigentlichen stoffschlüssigen Fügeverfahrens und auch beim Health- und/oder Life-Cycle-Monitoring die Veränderungen (Form- und/oder Lageänderungen, Dehnungen, Spannungen, Temperaturänderungen) in der Fügezone metallischer Werkstoffe, die stoffschlüssig mittels Schweißen oder Löten unter Verwendung eines reaktiven Werkstoffsystems mit oder ohne Zusatzstoff gefügt werden, bestimmt werden können.task Therefore, the present invention is the disadvantages mentioned to overcome and to provide a method with which already during the actual cohesive joining process and also in health and / or life-cycle monitoring the changes (Changes in shape and / or position, Strains, stresses, temperature changes) in the joining zone metallic Materials that are cohesive by welding or soldering using a reactive material system with or without Additive added can be determined.

Erfindungsgemäß gelingt die Lösung dieser Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruches. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.According to the invention succeeds the solution this task with the features of the first claim. advantageous Embodiments of the solution according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Der in der Erfindung verfolgte Ansatz stellt das stoffschlüssige Fügen metallischer Werkstoffe mit der so genannten „reaktiven Nanotechnologie" dar. In Folge einer selbst fortschreitenden Hochtemperatursynthese eines nanostrukturierten reaktiven Werkstoffsystems wird die zum Fügen erforderliche Wärme direkt in der Fügezone freigesetzt. Das reaktive Werkstoffsystem kann z. B. eine Multilayerfolie, bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von 10–30 nm starken Einzelschichten (Folien oder Pasten mit nanostrukturierten Partikeln, die exotherm reagieren) aus Aluminium und Nickel, die alternierend zu einer Gesamtdicke von 10–500 μm aufgetragen wurden, sein.The approach followed in the invention represents the cohesive joining of metallic materials with the so-called "reactive nanotechnology." As a result of a self-advancing high-temperature synthesis of a nanostructured reactive material system, the heat required for joining is released directly in the joining zone. B. a multilayer film consisting of a variety of 10-30 nm thick Single layers (films or pastes with nanostructured particles that react exothermically) of aluminum and nickel, which were applied alternately to a total thickness of 10-500 microns, be.

Nach dem Starten der exothermen Reaktion, beispielsweise durch eine punktuelle Erwärmung mit Hilfe eines Funken, einer Flamme, einer Widerstanderwärmung oder einem Laserstrahl des reaktiven Werkstoffsystems, tritt eine Selbstfortschreitung auf. Die bei der exothermen Reaktion entstehende Wärme führt entweder zum Aufschmelzen des in der Fügezone vorhandenen Zusatzwerkstoffes (Lot) oder zum Aufschmelzen des zu fügenden Werkstoffes bzw. zu einer Diffusionsverbindung ohne flüssige Phase. Aufgrund der hohen Prozessgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 30 m/s und der geringen insgesamt freigesetzten Energie werden die zu fügenden Werkstoffe in der Fügezone nur kurzzeitig erwärmt. Ungefähr 20 ms nach Reaktionsstart sind sie dann wieder auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt. Folglich unterliegen die zu fügenden Werkstoffe einer minimalen Temperaturbelastung und einem minimierten Eigenspannungsniveau.To Starting the exothermic reaction, for example by a punctual warming with the help of a spark, a flame, a resistance heating or a laser beam of the reactive material system, self-propagation occurs on. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction either leads for melting in the joint zone existing filler material (solder) or for melting the zu joined Material or to a diffusion compound without liquid phase. Due to the high process speed of up to 30 m / s and The low total released energy becomes the materials to be joined the joining zone heated only briefly. Approximately 20 ms after the start of the reaction, they are then back to room temperature cooled. Consequently, subject to be joined Materials of a minimum temperature load and a minimized Residual stress.

Über die jeweilige stöchiometrische Zusammensetzung des reaktiven Werkstoffsystems, die Dicke der Einzelschichten bzw. der Partikelgröße und die Gesamtdicke bzw. Partikelmasse, kann die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit, die freigesetzte Energiemenge und die Fügetemperatur eingestellt und somit der Fügeprozess gesteuert werden. Entsprechend den Anforderungen gilt es, das Design des reaktiven Werkstoffsystems an die jeweilige Materialkombination der zu fügenden Werkstoffe anzupassen.About the respective stoichiometric Composition of the reactive material system, the thickness of the individual layers or the particle size and the Total thickness or particle mass, the reaction rate, set the amount of energy released and the joining temperature and thus the joining process to be controlled. According to the requirements, the design is important of the reactive material system to the respective material combination the one to be joined Adapt materials.

Erfindungsgemäß werden zusätzlich zum reaktiven Werkstoffsystem oben beschriebene Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren zur Messung von Form- und/oder Lageänderungen, Dehnungen, Spannungen, Temperaturänderungen in die Fügezone der zu fügenden Werkstoffe eingebracht, wobei die Sensoren bereits während des Fertigungsprozesses des reaktiven Werkstoffsystems direkt in dieses integriert werden können. Das reaktive Werkstoffsystem auf Folienbasis kann mit Hilfe von Dünnschichtverfahren, wie z. B. Magnetronsputtern, gefertigt werden. Dieses Vorkonfektionieren führt zu einem einfacheren Handling und Positionieren.According to the invention additionally to the reactive material system described above fiber Bragg grating sensors for measuring changes in shape and / or position, strains, stresses, temperature changes in the joining zone the one to be joined Materials introduced, the sensors already during the Production process of the reactive material system directly into this can be integrated. The film-based reactive material system can be prepared by means of Thin-film process, such as z. B. magnetron sputtering, are manufactured. This prefabrication leads to a simpler handling and positioning.

Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch möglich, die Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren und das reaktive Werkstoffsystem unabhängig voneinander in der Fügezone zu positionieren.Of course it is but it is also possible, the Fiber Bragg Grating sensors and the reactive material system independently in the joining zone position.

Die stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den zu fügenden Werkstoffen wird z. B. durch das Aufschmelzen von Lot (beispielsweise Incusil) erzielt. Zum Aufschmelzen des Lotes wird die bei der exothermen Reaktion des reaktiven Werkstoffsystems freiwerdende Wärme genutzt.The cohesive Connection between the to be joined Materials is z. B. by the melting of solder (for example Incusil). To melt the solder is the exothermic Reaction of the reactive material system used released heat.

Aufgrund der hohen Prozessgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 30 m/s wird die sich nunmehr in der Fügezone befindliche Sensorik nur kurzzeitig auf Temperaturen größer ihrer Dauereinsatz-Betriebstemperatur erwärmt. Eine Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktionen tritt dabei nicht auf. Vorteilhaft bei diesem Verfahren ist, das mit Hilfe der Sensorik bereits während des Fügevorganges auftretende Veränderungen bezüglich Form und/oder Lage bzw. Dehnung detektiert werden können.by virtue of the high process speed of up to 30 m / s will be the now in the joining zone located sensors only for a short time at temperatures greater than their Continuous use Operating heated. An impairment Their functions do not occur. An advantage of this method is the changes that occur with the help of the sensors already during the joining process in terms of Form and / or position or elongation can be detected.

Eine direkt in die Fügezone integrierte Sensorik bietet vielfältige Nutzungsmöglichkeiten. So wird die aktive Überwachung des Fügeprozesses in der eigentlichen Fügezone und eine direkte und zuverlässige Bewertung der Fügequalität ermöglicht. Dadurch kann die unter Betriebsbelastung erreichbare Festigkeit genauer als mit bisherigen Überwachungsverfahren bestimmt werden, wodurch die Sicherheitsreserven bei der Auslegung von Bauteilstrukturen reduziert und somit Leichtbaukonzepte effektiver umgesetzt werden können. Die Überwachung der Bauteilbelastung über den Fügeprozess hinaus, im Sinne eines Life-Cycle-Monitoring in der Fügezone, führt durch die Möglichkeit einer Restlebensdauerabschätzung zu weiteren Synergieeffekten, die sich im Sinne des Leichtbaus bzw. der Ressourcenschonung nutzen lassen. So wird es beispielsweise möglich, das Bauteil in einem zweiten Produktlebenszyklus weiter zu verwerten, ohne dabei sicherheitstechnische Risiken in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Die Bauteilbelastungen werden weiterhin über die Sensorik detektiert und können so zuverlässig für die Abschätzung der Restlebensdauer herangezogen werden. Zudem ist über das Erfassen der Form- und/oder Lageänderung bzw. des Dehnungsfeldes eine exakte Vorhersage des Versagensverhaltens und die Detektion von Schädigungen möglich. Die aufgrund des Life-Cycle-Monitoring mögliche Weiterverwertung und die dadurch erreichte maximale Ausnutzung des werkstofflichen Lebensdauerpotenzials führen zu einem optimierten Umgang mit den zur Verfügung stehenden Werkstoffressourcen. Diese können zum einen in einer längeren Produktlebenszeit oder durch eine Wieder- oder Weiterverarbeitung in anderen Bauteilen zur Kostenreduktion beitragen.A directly into the joining zone integrated sensors offer a wide range of possible uses. This is how active monitoring becomes of the joining process in the actual joining zone and a direct and reliable Evaluation of the joint quality allows. Thereby the strength achievable under operating load can be more accurate as with previous monitoring procedures be determined, reducing the safety margins in the design reduced component structures and thus lightweight construction more effective can be implemented. The supervision the component load over the joining process, in the sense of a life cycle monitoring in the joining zone, leads by the possibility a residual life estimate to further synergy effects, which in terms of lightweight construction or the conservation of resources. For example possible, continue to use the component in a second product life cycle, without having to accept safety risks. The Component loads are still detected by the sensors and can so reliable for the appraisal the remaining life are used. Moreover, over the Detecting the change in shape and / or position or the strain field an exact prediction of the failure behavior and the detection of damage possible. The due to the life cycle monitoring possible reuse and the resulting maximum utilization of the material lifetime potential to lead to an optimized handling of the available material resources. these can on the one hand in a longer product life or by re-processing or further processing in other components contribute to cost reduction.

Claims (7)

Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Veränderungen, insbesondere von Form- und/oder Lageänderungen, Dehnungen, Spannungen, Temperaturänderungen, in der Fügezone metallischer Werkstoffe, die stoffschlüssig mittels Schweißen oder Löten unter Verwendung eines reaktiven Werkstoffsystems mit oder ohne Zusatzstoff gefügt werden, wobei die Veränderungen in der Fügezone mit Sensorsystemen, die in der Fügezone zusammen mit dem reaktiven Werkstoffsystem positioniert sind, gemessen werden.Method for determining changes, in particular changes in shape and / or position, strains, stresses, temperature changes, in the joining zone of metallic materials, which are joined by welding or soldering using a reactive material system with or without additive, wherein the changes in the Joining zone with sensor systems, which are positioned in the joining zone together with the reactive material system, are measured. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das reaktive Werkstoffsystem aus einer Vielzahl alternierend aufgetragener nanostrukturierter Schichten hergestellt wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized that the reactive material system of a variety alternating applied nanostructured layers is produced. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nanostrukturierten Schichten Folien oder Pasten mit nanostrukturierten Partikeln, die exotherm reagieren, sein können.Method according to claim 2, characterized that the nanostructured layers have foils or nanostructured pastes Particles that react exothermically can be. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nanostrukturierten Schichten aus Aluminium und Nickel hergestellt werden.Method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized that the nanostructured layers are made of aluminum and nickel become. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensorsysteme Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren sind, und mit Hilfe von Beschichtungsprozessen direkt in das reaktive Werkstoffsystem integriert werden.Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized that the sensor systems are fiber Bragg grating sensors, and with Help of coating processes directly into the reactive material system to get integrated. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensorsysteme Faser-Bragg-Gitter-Sensoren sind, und unabhängig vom reaktiven Werkstoffsystem in der Fügezone positioniert werden.Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized that the sensor systems are fiber Bragg grating sensors, and independent of reactive material system are positioned in the joining zone. Verwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 sowohl während des Fügeprozesses der metallischen Werkstoffe als auch beim Health- und/oder Life-Cycle-Monitoring der Fügezone des metallischen Werkstoffverbundes.Use of the method according to one of claims 1 to 6 both during of the joining process the metallic materials as well as the health and / or life cycle monitoring of the joining zone of the metallic composite material.
DE102007015437A 2007-03-28 2007-03-28 Adding zone change e.g. extension, determining method for use during e.g. health and/or life-cycle-monitoring of adding zone of metallic composite material, involves measuring changes with sensor systems, which are positioned in zone Expired - Fee Related DE102007015437B3 (en)

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