DE102006061810B4 - Device for discharging bulk material, in particular pellets - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for discharging bulk material, in particular pellets from a storage room, with at least one removal unit (40) which can be placed on the surface of the bulk material (12) stored in the storage space (10), with a motor drive integrated in the removal unit (40) device having an electric motor (46) and means of locomotion driven by the electric motor (46), which cooperate with the bulk material (12) and move the extraction unit (40) on the surface of the bulk material (12), and with at least one suction line (56). , which has a suction opening in the region of the removal unit (40) and through which the bulk material (12) is conveyed to a consumer, characterized in that in the storage space (10) a guide axis is arranged vertically, that an arm (34) of the Guide axle protrudes radially and is mounted vertically movable on the guide axis, that the removal unit (40) radially spaced from the guide axis on the A rm (34) is arranged and that the means of locomotion at least one driven by the electric motor (46) Rad ...

Description

The The invention relates to a device for discharging bulk material, in particular Pellets from a storage room according to the preamble of claim 1

Bulk goods will usually stored in storerooms, z. B. in silos, tanks or bunkers. This storage room needs that bulk to be promoted to a consumer. This can a transport vehicle, a further processing or the like be. Often lies the bulk material in the form of pellets, d. H. in the form of small pressed moldings. increasing Importance of using wood pellets for an environmentally friendly and important economical heating. The wood pellets are usually pressed from wood chips Body, z. B. in the form of cylindrical rods with dimensions in the Magnitude of 5 to 50 mm. The pellets stored in a storage room must be spilled out the storage room and the use, in particular in a Heating supplied become.

Usually becomes bulk taken from a storage room on the ground, including the storage room after below funnel-shaped with a removal opening is trained to be complete To ensure emptying of the storage room. Such a downwardly funnel-shaped narrowing configuration the storage room means an unfavorable space utilization. at the discharge of pellets results in additional difficulties, that different sizes Pellets migrate down the river at a different rate, leaving one Demixing of different pel sizes can occur. At a narrower exit shaft can Pellet bridges form, d. H. the pellets can wedge and flow out hinder down.

These difficulties are at one of the EP 1 394 084 B1 known generic device prevents that a removal unit is placed on the surface of the stored pellets in the storage room and pneumatically sucks the pellets from the surface. In the removal unit, a motor drive is integrated, which causes a random migration movement of the extraction unit on the surface of the pellets. The removal of the pellets at the surface does not cause movement of the pellets within the bed, so that no size segregation takes place. Since the pellets are removed from the surface of the bed, no funnel-shaped design of the storage space is required, so that a more favorable ratio of absorption capacity to the space requirement of the storage space is possible. Also, a disturbance of removal by bridging is excluded.

at the known device is the random migration movement of the extraction unit on the surface the bed the pellets one over the area of storage space uniform and full Cause emptying. In individual cases can such a uniform and full However, emptying is impaired be that stronger height differences in the surface contour the bed to train the Pelltes. The randomly moving extraction unit tends in such cases to to move to the deeper parts of the surface, so that prefers there the pellets are taken and not at the higher lying Areas of the surface. The different height contour is reinforced by so that under circumstances the removal unit in individual Flächenberei chen the bottom of Storage room reached and the further discharge is completed while residual amounts of pellets are still present in other soil areas.

From the DE 39 28 115 A1 a device for discharging bulk material is known in which on a vertically arranged in a storage space guide axis, a radial arm is vertically movable and rotatably mounted about the guide axis. The arm carries an over the entire radius of the bulk material extending screw conveyor. This promotes the bulk material on the surface radially inwardly to the suction opening of a suction line, which is arranged in the region of the vertical guide axis.

From the DE 1 218 357 A For example, a device is known with which hay stored in a silo is moved radially outward on the surface by a clearing device rotating on a radial arm, in order to fall down there. The arm is powered by a central vertical shaft.

Of the Invention is based on the object, the device of the above genus to improve in that the discharge of the bulk material, especially of wood pellets more uniform, more complete and trouble-free he follows.

This The object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1.

advantageous versions The invention are specified in the subclaims.

The device according to the invention is suitable for discharging different bulk materials, provided that the density (specific gravity) of the bulk material particles and the flowability of the bulk material permit discharge via a suction line. Such bulk materials are, for example, cereals, pellets and grains of chemical substances, supplement fabrics and the like and pressed pellets. The invention will be described below with reference to the discharge of pellets, in particular wood pellets, wherein the use of the term "pellets" should also encompass other bulk materials.

According to the invention Removal unit forcibly guided on the surface the bed the pellets moved. For this purpose, in the storage room is a substantially vertical guide axis arranged at which height adjustable one from this leadership axis essentially radially projecting arm is mounted. The arm carries the removal unit. Of the Motor drive causes the arm with the removal unit around the vertical guide axis rotates. It is characterized by a uniform discharge of the pellets in a circular disk-shaped surface area the bed causes. The forced tour the removal unit on this path prevents the removal unit increases the surface the bed can dodge and get height differences can train. The Radial width of the circular disc-shaped Austragbahn is here chosen so that the footprint of the Storeroom covered as much as possible becomes. This is especially true for those used in most cases cylindrical storerooms with circular Floor space readily possible. bulk in the edge areas of the surface, which are not directly overrun by the sampling unit, follows through Nachrieseln in the discharge area. In large tank systems with large storage areas can also several devices of the type according to the invention over the base of the Storage room can be arranged distributed.

Around to move the picking unit forward on its orbit is in the Removal unit integrates a motor drive, an electric motor and Having propelled by this electric motor means of locomotion. The means of locomotion have at least one by the electric motor driven wheel, which is about a parallel to the arm shaft is rotatable and with the bulk material cooperates, so that the extraction unit itself on the surface of fill forward emotional. Preferably, one or two wheels are designed as paddle wheels, which are stored in particular eccentric.

The vertical guide axis can be designed differently, it is essential that the Removal unit carrying arm is guided vertically movable, to follow the decreasing surface height of the bed to be able to. Preferably, the guide axis as representational Axis formed, in particular as a rigid rod, the vertical is arranged in the storage room. On this rigid rod is the Arm mounted vertically displaceable. The rod can with its upper and be fixedly mounted in the storage room at its lower end. It is also possible, to store the rod elastically at its upper and / or lower end, so that the rod can yield radial bending stresses. It is possible, too, to store the rod oscillating at its upper end, which is another stronger allows radial deflection of the rod at shear forces. Such a radial Dodging the rod can be beneficial to elastic deflections to avoid the rod, which affect the vertical guidance of the arm could.

Of the Arm with the removal unit can freely rotate in relation to the vertical Guide axle, in particular be freely rotatably mounted on the ertikale rod. To the removal unit on their way forward To move, the motor drive in this case, the arm across from the vertical guide axis rotate. Alternatively, it is also possible to store the arm non-rotatably on the vertical guide axis, wherein the motor drive rotates the vertical guide axis.

Of the Arm with the extraction unit is on the vertical guide axis, in particular the vertical rod mounted vertically movable to the decreasing height the surface the bed to follow. This vertical movement can be controlled by a motor. In a convenient simple embodiment however, the arm is vertically movable vertically with respect to the guide axis stored, so that the arm with the extraction unit under its own weight on the surface The pellets sit and the decreasing surface height follows.

Around to prevent a sinking of the extraction unit in the bulk material is the Removal unit preferably formed with a skid which on the surface the bed rests and prevents sinking of the extraction unit. As well can be the storage of the arm on the vertical guide shaft with a plate larger diameter be formed, which rests on the bed.

Of the Arm with the extraction unit can be used as a radially rigid cantilevered arm be formed so that the extraction unit only by the decreasing Surface height of the bed follows, that the arm is vertical to the guide axis emigrated. In another version the arm is hinged to the vertical guide axis so that he in one the leadership axis inclusive vertical plane can be raised and lowered pivotally. Such an articulated training, especially in the form of a parallelogram rocker allows that the extraction unit on its path soft the height course the surface the bed can follow.

If a larger footprint of the bearing Space or a larger surface of the bed to be run over by the removal unit, the removal unit may be attached to the arm and radially displaceable. By a controlled radial displacement of the extraction unit on the arm, a larger radial area of the surface of the bed can be swept over. Preferably, for this purpose, a special drive is provided, the z. B. via a rack and a pinion or a spindle radially on the arm moves. The radial movement is preferably cyclically gesteu ert to cover the entire radial width of the surface area.

The Invention is self-evident not limited to that only one arm is provided with only one extraction unit. It can on one arm also two or more removal units on different Radii be arranged to sweep a larger surface. Likewise, two can or more arms with removal units offset from one another at an angle be arranged, the height adjustable together or independently are.

in the Below, the invention will be described with reference to the drawing embodiments explained in more detail. It demonstrate

1 a first embodiment of the device in vertical section,

2 a simplified side view of the extraction unit of 1 .

3 a 1 corresponding representation of a second embodiment and

4 a 2 corresponding representation of the extraction unit of 3 ,

1 shows a storage room 10 for a bulk material, z. B. wood pellets 12 , The storage room 10 is from a cylindrical reinforced concrete container 14 formed, which is preferably arranged underground. The reinforced concrete tank 14 gets up through a cone 16 closed with manhole cover, which has an entry and maintenance opening 18 and connecting pieces 20 having.

In the storage room 10 is vertical and coaxial with the reinforced concrete container 14 a vertical guide axis in the form of a rod 22 arranged. The rod 22 is with its upper end over a spring 24 elastically attached to the lower inside of the manhole cover. With its lower end is the rod 22 in a foot sleeve 26 inserted in the middle of the bottom surface of the reinforced concrete container 14 is appropriate.

On the bar 22 is vertically freely displaceable and rotatable a sliding tube 28 stored. The sliding tube 28 can for a good glide on the rod 22 optionally be formed with plain bearing bushes, rollers or other bearings. The axial length of the sliding tube 28 is shorter than the length of the rod 22 , where the length of the sliding tube 28 only has to be sufficient for a good axial guidance of the sliding tube 28 on the rod 22 to ensure. At the lower end of the sliding tube 28 is a plate 30 attached, the shape of a to the sliding tube 28 having concentric circular disc whose diameter is greater than the outer diameter of the sliding tube 28 is. The sliding tube 28 slides on the bar 22 down under its own weight until the plate 30 on the pile of wood pellets 12 sits up like this in 1 is shown. The dish 30 prevents due to its larger surface penetration of the sliding tube 28 into the bed of wood pellets 12 , Above the floor of the storage room 10 is a stop 32 in the form of a stick 22 provided transverse pin, which controls the movement of the sliding tube 28 limited to the bottom and the lowest end position of the sliding tube 28 Are defined.

On the sliding tube 28 is a radially projecting arm 34 appropriate. The arm 34 is designed as a parallelogram rocker and consists of two parallel rods, the vertically spaced superimposed hinged to the sliding tube 28 are stored. The arm 34 can do this in a way the staff 22 pivoting vertical plane from its horizontal center position up and down. One with one end on the sliding tube 28 and with the other end on the arm 34 attached tension spring 36 Hold your arm 34 adjustable in its inclination angle with respect to the vertical guide axis of the rod 22 or in relation to the horizontal plane.

On a vertical bracket 38 , which are the free ends of the rods of the arm 34 added to the parallelogram is a sampling unit 40 fastened, with which the free end of the arm 34 on the surface of the bed of wood pellets 12 seated.

The removal unit 40 is with a tab 42 down at the temple 38 attached. At the bottom of the tab 42 is a skid 44 attached in the circumferential direction of the rotational movement of the arm 34 around the bar 22 is aligned and due to their radial width and longitudinal extent in the circumferential direction forms a large-scale support, which is the sinking of the extraction unit 40 into the surface of the bed of wood pellets 12 prevented. The skid 44 is bent upwards at its circumferentially facing ends to a displacement on the wood pellets 12 to allow in the circumferential direction. At the flap 42 is still an electric motor 46 attached, via a cable 48 is fed controlled. The cable 48 is from above into the storage room 10 guided and can the vertical movement of the sliding tube 28 on the bar 22 movable removal unit 40 consequences. The electric motor 46 drives a wave 50 parallel to the arm 34 is arranged, ie, substantially horizontal and radial to the rod 22 , On the wave 50 sits eccentrically and rotatably a cylindrical wheel 52 , which on its outer circumference radially projecting and axially extending blades 54 having.

Through the cone 16 is a suction line 56 in the form of a flexible suction hose into the interior of the storage room 10 guided. The suction line 56 leads to the extraction unit 40 and opens with its lower inlet opening in the area of the skid 44 , About the suction line 56 can the wood pellets 12 sucked in pneumatically, from the storage room 10 discharged and used for further use, eg. B. a heater be promoted.

During operation of the device, the removal unit is seated 40 on the surface of the bed of wood pellets 12 on, because the sliding tube 28 free on the bar 22 slides down and the decreasing height of the pellets of wood pellets 12 follows. To wood pellets 12 discharge, on the one hand, the pneumatic conveyor of the suction line 56 put into operation and on the other hand, the electric motor 46 switched on. The electric motor 46 drives the wheel 52 which, with its circumferentially arranged blades 54 on the surface of the wood pellets 12 moved forward. As a result, the removal unit moves 40 on one by the arm 34 as a radius defined circular path around the rod 22 as a vertical guide axis. The training of the arm 34 as a parallelogram rocker allows the removal unit 40 Height variations of the surface of the bed of wood pellets 12 can follow and sits reliably on the surface. The eccentric bearing of the wheel 52 on the wave 50 causes the wheel 52 with his shovels 54 the wood pellets 12 loosens on the surface of the bed in the forward movement. As a result, unevenness units of the surface in the circular movement path of the extraction unit 40 balanced. The slipping of wood pellets 12 from the outer and inner edges of the orbit is facilitated. In addition, the suction of the loosened wood pellets 12 through the suction line 56 favored.

In the 3 and 4 a modified embodiment of the device is shown. Insofar as this with the above-described embodiment of 1 and 2 the same reference numerals are used and reference is made to the foregoing description.

The execution of 3 and 4 is different from the first execution of the 1 and 2 in that instead of an eccentric wheel 52 two eccentric wheels 52 are provided. These wheels are at both ends of the shaft 50 of the electric motor 46 stored, with a wheel 52 radially outside and the other wheel 52 radially inside the skid 44 is arranged, as in 3 you can see. The two wheels 52 are in relation to the wave 50 arranged with the same eccentricity, with the center axes of the two wheels 52 in terms of the wave 50 are arranged diametrically to each other, as in 4 can be clearly seen.

The electric motor 46 drives the two wheels 52 because of their eccentricity they always alternate with their blades 54 down under the skid 44 to grab. It comes thus each one of the wheels 52 reinforced for use and for engaging in the surface of the bed of wood pellets 12 , this intervention always alternately left and right of the skid 44 he follows. This will affect the eccentric wheels 52 improved for the forward movement and the compensation of surface irregularities. The Aufklerung the wood pellets on the surface of the bed also takes place on both sides of the suction of the suction line 56 , so that the discharge is thereby further improved.

10

situation room

12

Wood pellets

14

Reinforced concrete container

16

cone

18

manhole

20

spigot

22

Rod

24

feather

26

Fußhülse

28

slide tube

30

Plate

32

attack

34

poor

36

mainspring

38

hanger

40

withdrawal unit

42

flap

44

skid

46

electric motor

48

electric wire

50

wave

52

wheel

54

shovel

56

suction

Claims (19)

Device for discharging bulk material, ins special pellets from a storage room, with at least one withdrawal unit ( 40 ) located on the surface of the storage room ( 10 ) stored bulk material ( 12 ) is placed, with a in the extraction unit ( 40 ) integrated motor drive, which has an electric motor ( 46 ) and by the electric motor ( 46 ) has driven locomotion means, which with the bulk material ( 12 ) and the withdrawal unit ( 40 ) on the surface of the bulk material ( 12 ), and with at least one suction line ( 56 ), which has a suction opening in the region of the removal unit ( 40 ) and through which the bulk material ( 12 ) is conveyed to a consumer, characterized in that in the storage room ( 10 ) a guide axis is arranged vertically, that an arm ( 34 ) protrudes radially from the guide axis and is mounted vertically movably on the guide axis, that the removal unit ( 40 ) spaced radially from the guide axis on the arm ( 34 ) and that the means of locomotion at least one by the electric motor ( 46 ) powered wheel ( 52 ), which is one to the arm ( 34 ) parallel wave ( 50 ), whereby the arm ( 34 ) with the removal unit ( 40 ) is rotated about the guide axis. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide axis as a rigid rod ( 22 ) is trained. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod ( 22 ) stationary in the storage room ( 10 ) is attached. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod ( 22 ) is elastically mounted on at least one rod end. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod ( 22 ) is mounted oscillating at its upper end. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) with the removal unit ( 40 ) is mounted vertically freely movable on the guide shaft. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) is rotatably mounted on the vertical guide axis and that the means of locomotion of the arm ( 34 ) with the removal unit ( 40 ) turn around the guide axis. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) is guided non-rotatably on the vertical guide axis and that the vertical guide shaft is rotated by the motor drive. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one wheel ( 52 ) eccentric on the shaft ( 50 ) sits. Device according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the at least one wheel ( 52 ) is formed roller-shaped and at its periphery blades ( 54 ) having. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that two wheels ( 52 ) on the shaft ( 50 ) are arranged whose central axes with respect to the shaft ( 50 ) are arranged diametrically to each other. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal unit ( 40 ) a skid ( 44 ) having. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) on a sliding on the vertical guide shaft sliding tube ( 28 ) is attached. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) on the sliding tube ( 15 ) is mounted rigidly radially projecting. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) on the sliding tube ( 28 ) is hinged. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the arm ( 34 ) than on the sliding tube ( 28 ) mounted parallelogram rocker is formed. Device according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the sliding tube ( 28 ) at its lower end with a plate ( 30 ) is trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the removal unit ( 40 ) On the arm ( 34 ) is mounted radially movable. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the removal unit ( 40 ) On the arm ( 34 ) controlled driven radially movable.