DE102006052662A1 - Foam sponge with depot particles - Google Patents

Abstract

A synthetic foam sponge is described which contains depot particles in which at least one solid, semi-solid and / or liquid active substance is stored. The active substance can be released when using the sponge, for example by a temperature stimulus, by mechanical stress, by contact with water, etc. The sponge is suitable for treating hard as well as soft surfaces, but especially for manual dishwashing.

Description

The The present invention relates to a synthetic foam sponge (or sponge cloth) containing depot particles in which at least one Active substance is stored. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a sponge. Likewise, the invention relates the use of such a sponge for various purposes, such as et al the treatment, in particular cleaning and / or care of various surfaces. Furthermore The invention relates to textile treatment processes in an automatic clothes dryer as well as in an automatic washing machine.

The Industry has always tried to develop products that make life to make people lighter, better and more beautiful. Especially in the field of detergents and cleaners have been here already achieved many successes. Nevertheless, the need of consumers remains, more Simplifications in the use of commodities, such as e.g. To learn washing and cleaning agents.

So many consumers use sponges, e.g. Household or cleaning sponges, in combination with external active ingredients such as e.g. Detergents, Remove soiling, for example when washing dishes.

task The present invention was against this background, a Sponge ready, which also without the help of external Aid containing active ingredient fulfills a function that exceeds the function an ordinary one Sponge goes out. This object is solved by the subject matter of the invention.

object the invention is a synthetic foam sponge or sponge cloth, which contains depot particles, in which at least one active substance is stored.

Of the Term depot particle means particles in which at least one active substance is stored. This can be done in the widest sense e.g. a 1-substance system be, e.g. a zeolite particle. In this case, the Depot particles and the stored active one and the same, namely Zeolite. In the narrower sense, however, these are multi-substance systems with at least 2 different components, for example one Vehicles, like e.g. a zeolite particle which is impregnated with an oil.

One Advantage of the invention lies in the increased consumer friendliness sponge in use. Usually the consumer has to be involved in the Application of a sponge, e.g. during dishwashing, this with another, external aids, in this example a dishwashing detergent, in Bring contact so as to achieve a satisfying application success achieve. The present invention now allows e.g. a sponge, which contains a dishwashing agent depot in the form of the depot particles, then that the Consumer when using not on an external dishwashing detergent To fall back on got to.

One another example of an advantage of the invention is e.g. in an antimicrobial equipment of the sponge. Just a typical household sponge is because it has a great Cavity system in which moisture remains very long, features, a hoard for Microorganisms of all kinds, as these are ideal living conditions there Find. Our invention allows for example, by the incorporation of depot particles with microbicides the provision of sponges, which is no longer inherent in the latent danger, a source of development to be or to become pathogens.

One synthetic according to the invention Foam sponge contains So deposit particles, in which at least one (solid, semi-solid and / or liquid) Active substance is stored. The active substance may be in use of the sponge, for example by a temperature stimulus, by mechanical stress, by contact with water, by change the pH and / or by change the ionic strength be released successively. The sponge is suitable for treatment, So in particular for cleaning and / or care hard as well soft surfaces, but especially for manual dishwashing.

It There are a number of other advantages associated with a sponge according to the invention and which will be explained in more detail below.

The Selection of usable active substances, which in the context of the invention be contained in the depot particles of a sponge according to the invention can, is almost unmanageable large.

Particularly preferred active substances are selected from the group of fragrances, builders, Bleaching agents, surfactants, optical brighteners, bleach activators, bleach stabilizers, bleach catalysts, enzymes, electrolytes, non-aqueous solvents, pH adjusters, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotropes, foam inhibitors, antiredeposition agents, conditioners, softeners, grayness inhibitors, anti-shrinkage agents, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, preservatives, plasticizers, Fabric softeners, protein hydrolysates, antimicrobial agents, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, quaternary ammonium compounds, corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, cosmetics, ironing aids, silicone oils, repellents and impregnating agents, swelling and anti-slip agents and UV absorbers.

It is according to the invention possible, the existence Sponge contains only one kind of depot particles. He can e.g. only such Depot particles containing, e.g. a carrier material such as zeolite and incorporated therein e.g. Perfume contain. Such an embodiment is preferred according to the invention. Likewise, there is also a sponge, which at least 2 different Contains varieties of depot particles, a preferred according to the invention embodiment dar. Such a sponge could e.g. contain a variety of depot particles which are e.g. Wear perfume and another type of depot particles, e.g. microbicides and plasticizers.

One Sponge according to the invention comprises according to a preferred embodiment open-cell, closed-cell and / or mixed cellular foam. Foam with open-cell pore structure is suitable for absorbing Liquids. Foam with closed-cell pore structure is suitable for release from e.g. Liquids, which are included in the respective cells. For example, can they closed cells by manual load or temperature influence and thus their content, e.g. release a liquid. mixed- Foam has one partially open-cell and partially closed-cell pore structure, so that both liquids can be absorbed as well as stored substances released from the closed cells can be. Generally preferred are for however, this invention has open-celled foams.

synthetic foam sponges and materials from which they can be made are known as such known for many years. Likewise, many methods are known synthetic foam sponges manufacture.

If the framework substance the foam of a sponge according to the invention is selected from the group of formaldehyde resins, polyisocyanurates, polystyrene, Polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, styrene copolymers, polycarbonates, Polyolefins, polyacetals, vinyl polymers, polycarbodiimides, polymethacrylimides, Polyamides, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins, polyvinyl alcohol, Melamine-formaldehyde resins, preferably the polyether and / or polyester, in particular polyester-polyurethanes and / or polyether-polyurethanes, such is a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Especially is the framework substance the foam is preferably a thermoplastic (plastomers). This is the name for polymers, soft or hard materials at service temperature, which have a flow transition region above the service temperature.

thermoplastics usually include linear or branched polymers, in the case amorphous thermoplastics above the glass transition temperature (Tg), in Trap (part) of crystalline thermoplastics above the melting temperature in principle be flowable.

One Sponge according to the invention can be a one piece Be a sponge. But it can also be that it consists of several pieces or Layers exists.

Accordingly, presents a sponge made up of at least two interconnected, preferably glued, layers is a preferred embodiment In this case, it can advantageously be so that the one another connected pieces differ, for example in thickness or in the material properties. It is z.b. possible, the existence inventive, multi-piece sponge only in one of the pieces or layers contains depot particles.

Especially it is preferred if at least one of the two outer layers of the sponge body is formed from a non-woven, preferably comprising polypropylene fibers, Polyester fibers, polyether fibers, PUR fibers, viscose fibers, acrylic fibers and / or polyamide fibers. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

Another preferred embodiment is where the sponge is completely covered by a sponge Cover is coated, in particular of a microfibre cover.

As has already been apparent, a sponge according to the invention can Depot particles containing solid, semi-solid and / or liquid substances contain. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

To the most preferred substances which act as active substances in the depot particles can be stored are the fragrances, also referred to as perfume oils, to count. When For example, perfume oils can be used individual perfume compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the type of esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and hydrocarbons be used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. Benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, Linalyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, Linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methyl phenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, Styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. For example, the ethers include Benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g. the linear alkanals with 8-18 C-atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellel, Lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, isomethylionone and methyl cedryl ketone, to the alcohols Anethole, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams. Prefers However, mixtures of different fragrances are used, the together create an appealing scent.

The Of course, perfume oils can also be used natural Contain fragrance mixtures, such as those from plant or animal Accessible to sources are, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, lily, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also essential oils lesser Volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are suitable as Perfume oils, e.g. Sage oil, Chamomile oil, Clove oil, Melissa oil Mint oil, Cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, galbanum oil and ladanum oil.

• (a) mandelartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Benzaldehyd, Pentanal, Heptenal, 5-Methylfurfural, Methylbutanal, Furfural und/oder Acetophenon oder
• (b) apfelartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise (S)-(+)-Ethyl-2-methylbutanoat, Diethylmalonat, Ethylbutyrat, Geranylbutyrat, Geranylisopentanoat, Isobutylacetat, Linalylisopentanoat, (E)-β-Damascone, Heptyl-2-methylbutyrat, Methyl-3-methylbutanoat, 2-Hexenal-pentylmethylbutyrat, Ethylmethylbutyrate und/oder Methyl-2-Methylbutanoat oder
• (c) apfelschalenartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Ethylhexanoat, Hexylbutanoat und/oder Hexylhexanoat oder
• (d) aprikosenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise γ-Undecalacton oder
• (e) bananenartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Isobutylacetat, Isoamylacetat, Hexenylacetat und/oder Pentylbutanoat oder
• (f) bittermandelartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise 4-Acetyltoluol oder
• (g) schwarze Johannisbeere-artigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Mercaptomethylpentanon und/oder Methoxymethylbutanethiol oder
• (h) zitrusartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Linalylpentanoat, Heptanal, Linalylisopentanoat dodecanal, Linalylformiat, α-p-Dimethylstyrol, p-Cymenol, Nonanal, β-Cubebene, (Z)-Limonenoxid, cis-6-Ethenyltetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethylpyran-3-ol, cis-pyranoidlinalooloxid, Dihydrolinalool, 6(10)-Dihydromyrcenol, Dihydromyrcenol, β-Farnesen, (Z)-β-Farnesen, (Z)-Ocimen, (E)-Limonenoxid, Dihydroterpinylacetat, (+)-Limonen, (Epoxymethylbutyl)-methylfuran und/oder p-Cymen oder
• (i) kakaoartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Dimethylpyrazin, Butylmethylbutyrat und/oder Methylbutanal oder
• (j) kokusnußartigem Geruch, wie vorzugsweise γ-Octalacton, γ-Nonalacton, Methyllaurat, Tetradecanol, Methylnonanoat, (3S,3aS,7aR)-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2(3H)-on, 5-Butyldihydro-4-methyl-2(3H)-Furanon, Ethylundecanoat und/oder δ-Decalacton oder
• (k) sahneartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Diethylacetal, 3-Hydroxy-2-butanon, 2,3-Pentadion und/oder 4-Heptenal oder
• (l) blumenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Benzylalcohol, Phenylessigsäure, Tridecanal, p-Anisylalcohol, Hexanol, (E,E)-Farnesylaceton, Methylgeranat, trans-Crotonaldehyd, Tetradecylaldehyd, Methylanthranilat, Linalooloxid, Epoxylinalool, Phytol, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, Neroloxid, Ethyldihydrocinnamat, γ-Dodecalacton, Hexadecanol, 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, (Z)-Ocimene, Cetylalcohol, Nerolidol, Ethyl-(E)-cinnamat, Elemicin, Pinocarveol, α-Bisabolol, (2R,4R)-Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2H-pyran, (E)-Isoelemicin, Methyl-2-methylpropanoat, Trimethylphenylbutenon, 2-Methylanisol, β-Farnesol, (E)-Isoeugenol, Nitro-phenylethan, Ethylvanillat, 6-Methoxyeugenol, Linalool, β-lonon, Trimethylphenylbutenon, Ethylbenzoat, Phenylethylbenzoat, Isoeugenol und/oder Acetophenone oder
• (m) Frische-Geruch wie vorzugsweise Methylhexanoat, Undecanon, (Z)-limonenoxid, Benzylacetat, Ethylhydroxyhexanoat, Isopropylhexanoat, Pentadecanal, β-Elemene, α-Zingiberene, (E)-Limonenoxid, (E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, Menthon, Piperiton, (E)-3-Hexenol und/oder Carveol oder
• (n) Frucht-Geruch wie verzugsweise Ethylphenylacetat, Geranylvalerat, γ-Heptalacton, Ethylpropionat, Diethylacetal, Geranylbutyrat, Ethylheptylat, Ethyloctanoat, Methylhexanoat, Dimethylheptenal, Pentanon, Ethyl-3-methylbutanoat, Geranylisovalerat, Iobutylacetat, Ethoxypropanol, Methyl-2-butenal, Methylnonanedion, Linalylacetat, Mthylgeranat, Lmonenoxid, Hdrocinnamicalcohol, Dethylsuccinat, Ehylhexanoat, Ehylmethylpyrazin, Nryletat, Ctronellylbutyrat, Heylacetat, Nonylacetat, Butylmethylbutyrat, Pentenal, Isopentyldimethylpyrazin, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, Hexadecanon, Octylacetat, γ-Dodecalacton, Epoxy-β-ionon, Ethyloctenoat, Ethylisohexanoat, Isobornylpropionat, Cedrenol, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetat, Cadinadien, (Z)-3-Hexenylhexanoat, Ethylcyclohexanoat, 4-Methylthio-2-butanon, 3,5-Octadienon, Methylcyclohexancarboxylat, 2-pentylthiophen, α-Ocimene, Butandiol, Ethylvalerat, Pentanol, Isopiperiton, Butyloctanoat, Ethylvanillat, Methylbutanoat, 2-Methylbutylacetat, Propylhexanoat, Butylhexanoat, Isopropylbutanoat, Spathulenol, Butanol, δ-Dodecalacton, Methylquinoxalin, Sesquiphellandren, 2-Hexenol, Ethylbenzoate, Isopropylbenzoat, Ethyllactat und/oder Citronellylisobutyrat oder
• (o) Geranium-artigen Geruch, wie vorzugsweise Geraniol, (E,Z)-2,4-Nonadienal, Octadienon und/oder o-Xylen oder
• (p) weintraubenartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise Ethyldecanoat und/oder Hexanon oder
• (q) grapefruitartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise (+)-5,6-Dimethyl-8-isopropenylbicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-en-3-on und/oder p-Menthenethiol oder
• (r) grasartigem Geruch wie vorzugsweise 2-Ethylpyridin, 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalen, Hexanol und/oder (Z)-3-Hexenol oder
• (s) grüner Note, vorzugsweise 2-Ethylhexanol, 6-Decenal, Dimethylheptenal, Hexanol, Heptanol, Methyl-2-butenal, Hexyloctanoate, Nonansäure, Undecanon, Methylgeranat, Isobornylformiate, Gutanal, Octanal, Nonanal, Epoxy-2-decenal, cis-Linalool, Pyranoxid, Nonanol, alpha,γ- dimethylallylalcohol, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenylbutanoat, Isobutylthiazol, (E)-2-nonenal, 2-dodecenal, (Z)-4-decenal, 2-octenal, 2-hegten-1-al, Bicyclogermacrene, 2-Octenal, o-Thujene, (Z)-β-Farnesene, (-)-γ-Elemene, 2,4-Octadienal, Fucoserraten, Hexenylacetat, Geranylaceton, Valencene, β-Eudesmol, 1-Hexenol, (E)-2-Undecenal, Artemisia keton, Viridiflorol, 2,6-Nonadienal, Trimethylphenylbutenon, 2,4-Nonadienal, Butylisothiocyanat, 2-Pentanol, Elemol, 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenal, (+)-(E)-Limonenoxid, cis-Isocitral, Dimethyloctadienal, Bornylformiat, Bornylisovalerat, Isobutyraldehyd, 2,4-Hexadienal, Trimethylphenylbutenon, Nonanon, (E)-2-Hexenal, (+)-cis-Rosenoxide, Menthone, Coumarin, (Epoxymethylbutyl)-methylfuran, 2-Hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol und/oder Carvylacetat oder
• (t) Grüner Tee-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise (-)-Cubenol oder
• (u) kräuterartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Octanon, Hexyloctanoat, Caryophyllenoxide, Methylbutenol, Safranal, Benzylbenzoat, Bornylbutyrat, Hexylacetat, β-Bisabolol, Piperitol, β-Selinene, α-Cubebene, p-Menth-1-en-9-ol, 1,5,9,9-Tetramethyl-12-oxabicyclododeca-4,7-dien, Tmuurolol, (-)-Cubenol, Levomenol, Ocimene, α-Thujene, p-Menth-1-en-9-yl acetat, Dehydrocarveol, Artemisia alcohol, γ-Muurolene, Hydroxypentanon, (Z)-Ocimene, β-Elemene, 6-Cadinol, (E)-β-Ocimene, (Z)-Dihydrocarvone, α-Cadinol, Calamenen, (Z)-Piperitol. Lavandulol, β-Bourbonene, (Z)-3-Hexenyl-2-methylbutanoat, 4-(1-Methylethyl)-benzenemethanol, Artemisia keton, Methyl-2-butenol, Heptanol, (E)-Dihydrocarvon, p-2-Menthen-1-ol, α-Curcumene, Spathulenol, Sesquiphellandren, Citronellylvalerat, Bornylisovalerat, 1,5-Octadien-3-ol, Methylbenzoat, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroanisol und/oder Hydroxycalamenen oder
• (v) honigartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Ethylcinnamate, β-Phenethylacetat, Phenylessigsäure, Phenylethanal, Methylanthranilat, Zimtsäure, β-Damascenone, Ethyl-(E)-cinnamat, 2-Phenylethylalcohol, Citronellylvalerate, Phenylethylbenzoate und/oder Eugenol oder
• (w) Hyazinthen-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Hotrienol oder
• (x) jasminartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methyljasmonate, Methyldihydroepijasmonat und/oder Methylepijasmonat oder
• (y) lavendelartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Linalylvalerate und/oder Linalool oder
• (z) zitronenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Neral, Octanal, δ-3-Carene, Limonen, Geranial, 4-mer capto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, Citral, 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineol und/oder α-Terpinen oder
• (aa) lilienartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Dodecanal oder
• (bb) magnolienartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Geranylaceton oder
• (cc) mandarinenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Undecanol oder
• (dd) melonenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Dimethylheptenal oder
• (ee) Minze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Menthone, Ethylsalicylat, p-Anisaldehyd, 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethyl-benzofuran, Epoxy-p-menthene, Geranial, (Methylbutenyl)-methylfuran, Dihydrocarvylacetat, β-Cyclocitral, 1,8-Cineol, β-Phellandrene, Methylpentanon, (+)-Limonen, Dihydrocarveol (-)-Carvon, (E)-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, Isopulegylacetat, Piperiton, 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineol, α-Terpineol, DL-carvon und/oder α-Phellandrene oder
• (ff) nullartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise 5-methyl-(E)-2-hegten-4-on, γ-Heptalacton, 2-Acetylpyrrol, 3-Octen-2-on, Dihydromethylcyclopentapyrazin, Acetylthiazol, 2-Octenal, 2,4-Heptadienal, 3-Octenon, Hydroxypentanon, Octanol, Dimethylpyrazin, Methylquinoxalin und/oder Acetylpyrrolin oder
• (gg) orangenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methyloctanoat, Undecanon, Decylalcohol, Limonen und/oder 2-Decenal oder
• (hh) Orangenschalen-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Decanal und/oder β-Carene oder
• (ii) pfirsichartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise γ-Nonalacton, (Z)-6-Dodecene-γ-lacton, δ-Decalacton, R-δ-Decenolacton, Hexylhexanoat, 5-Octanolid, γ-Decalacton und/oder δ-Undecalacton oder
• (jj) Pfefferminze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Methylsalicylat und/oder I-Menthol oder
• (kk) Kiefer-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise α-p-Dimethylstyrol, β-Pinene, Bornylbenzoat, δ-Terpinen, Dihydroterpinylacetat und/oder α-einen oder
• (II) ananasartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Propylbutyrat, Propylpropanoat und/oder Ethylacetat oder
• (mm) pflaumenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Benzylbutanoat, oder
• (nn) himbeerartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise β-Innone oder
• (oo) Rose-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise β-Phenethylacetat, 2-Ethylhexanol, Geranylvalerat, Geranylacetat, Citronellol, Geraniol, Geranylbutyrat, Geranylisovalerat, Citronellylbutyrat, Citronellylacetat, Isogeraniol, Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2,5-cis-2H-pyran, Isogeraniol, 2-Phenylethylalcohol, Citronellylvalerat und/oder Citronellylisobutyrat, oder
• (pp) Grüne Minze-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Carvylacetate und/oder Carveol, oder
• (qq) erdbeerenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Hexylmethylbutyrat, Methylcinnamat, Pentenal, Methylcinnamate oder
• (rr) süßlichem Geruch, vorzugsweise Benzylalcohol, Ethylphenylacetat, Tridecanal, Nerol, Methylhexanoat, Linalylisovalerat, Undecanaldehyd, Caryophyllenoxid, Linalylacetat, Safranal, Uncineol, Phenylethanal, p-Anisaldehyd, Eudesmol, Ethylmethylpyrazin, Citronellylbutyrat, 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-on, Nonylacetat, 10-Epi-γ-eudesmol, β-Bisabolol, (Z)-6-Dodecen-γ-lacton, β-Farnesene, 2-Dodecenal, γ-Dodecalacton, Epoxy-β-ionon, 2-Undecenal, Styrenglycol, Methylfuraneol, (-)-cis-Rosenoxid, (E)-β-Ocimene, Dimethylmethoxyfuranon, 1,8-Cineole, Ethylbenzaldehyd, 2-Pentylthiophen, α-Farnesene, Methionol, 7-Methoxycoumarin, (Z)-3-Hexenyl-2-methylbutanoat, o-Aminoacetophenon, Viridiflorol, Isopiperitone, β-Sinensal, Ethylvanillat, Methylbutanoat, p-Methoxystyrol, 6-Methoxyeugenol, 4-Hexanolid, δ-Dodecalacton, Sesquiphellandren, Diethylmalat, Linalylbutyrat, Guaiacol, Coumarin, Methylbenzoat, Isopropylbenzoat, Safrole, Durene, γ-Butyrolacton, Ethylisobutyrat und/oder Furfural oder
• (ss) Vanille-artigem Geruch, vorzugsweise Vanillin, Methylvanillat, Acetovanillon und/oder Ethylvanillat oder
• (tt) wassermelonenartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise 2,4-Nonadienal oder
• (uu) holzartigem Geruch, vorzugsweise α-Muurolene, Cadina-1,4-dien-3-ol, Isocaryophyllene, Eudesmol, α-Ionon, Bornylbutyrat, (E)-α-Bergamoten, Linalooloxid, Ethylpyrazin, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, α-Ionon, Bornylbutyrat, (E)-α-Bergamoten, Linalooloxid, Ethylpyrazin, 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol, Germacrene B, trans-Sabinenhydrat, Dihydrolinalool, Isodihydrocarveol, β-Farnesene, β-Sesquiphellandren, δ-Elemene, α-Calacorene, Epoxy-β-ionon, Germacrene D, Bicyclogermacrene, Alloaromadendrene, α-Thujene, oxo-β-Ionon, (-)-γ-Elemene. γ-Muurolene, Sabinene, α-Guaiene, α-Copaene, γ-Cadinene, Nerolidol, β-Eudesmol, α-Cadinol, δ-Cadinene, 4,5-Dimethoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxol, [1ar(1aalpha,4aalpha,7alpha,7abeta,7balpha)]-decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-cycloprop[e]azulen, α-Gurjunen, Guaiol, α-Farnesene, γ-Selinene, 4-(1-Methylethyl)-benzenemethanol, Perillen, Elemol, α-Humulene, β-Caryophyllene und/oder β-Guaiene oder
• (vv) Mischungen aus vorgenannten.

According to the invention, in particular fragrances can be used which are selected from fragrances with

• (a) almond-like odor, such as preferably benzaldehyde, pentanal, heptenal, 5-methylfurfural, methylbutanal, furfural and / or acetophenone or
• (b) apple-like odor, preferably (S) - (+) - ethyl-2-methylbutanoate, diethyl malonate, ethyl butyrate, geranyl butyrate, geranyl isopentanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl isopentanoate, (E) -β-damascone, heptyl-2-methyl butyrate, methyl 3-methylbutanoate, 2-hexenalpentylmethyl butyrate, ethylmethyl butyrate and / or methyl 2-methylbutanoate or
• (c) apple peel-like odor, such as preferably ethylhexanoate, hexylbutanoate and / or hexylhexanoate or
• (d) apricot-like odor, preferably γ-undecalactone, or
• (e) banana-like odor, such as preferably isobutyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, hexenyl acetate and / or pentyl butanoate or
• (f) bitter almond-like odor such as preferably 4-acetyltoluene or
• (g) blackcurrant-like odor, such as preferably mercaptomethylpentanone and / or methoxymethylbutanethiol or
• (c) citrus-like odor such as preferably linalyl pentanoate, heptanal, linalyl isopentanoate dodecanal, linalyl formate, α-p-dimethylstyrene, p-cymenol, nonanal, β-cubebene, (Z) -liminene oxide, cis-6-ethenyl-tetrahydro-2,2,6- trimethylpyran-3-ol, cis-pyranoidlinalooloxide, dihydrolinalool, 6 (10) -dihydromyrcenol, dihydromyrcenol, β-farnesene, (Z) -β-farnesene, (Z) -cime, (E) -liminene oxide, dihydrotypinyl acetate, (+) -Limonen, (Epoxymethylbutyl) -methylfuran and / or p-cymene or
• (i) cocoa like odor, preferably dimethylpyrazine, butylmethyl butyrate and / or methylbutanal or
• (j) coconut-like odor, such as preferably γ-octalactone, γ-nonalactone, methyl laurate, tetradecanol, methyl nonanoate, (3S, 3aS, 7aR) -3a, 4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran-2 (3H) -on, 5-butyldihydro-4-methyl-2 (3H) -furanone, ethyl undecanoate and / or δ-decalactone or
• (k) creamy odor such as preferably diethyl acetal, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,3-pentadione and / or 4-heptenal, or
• (l) flower-like odor such as preferably benzyl alcohol, phenylacetic acid, tridecanal, p-anisyl alcohol, hexanol, (E, E) -farnesylacetone, methyl geranate, trans-crotonaldehyde, tetradecylaldehyde, methyl anthranilate, linalooloxide, epoxylinalool, phytol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol , Nerol oxide, ethyldihydrocinnamate, γ-dodecalactone, hexadecanol, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, (Z) -oximes, cetyl alcohol, nerolidol, ethyl (E) -cinnamate, elemicin, pinocarveol, α-bisabolol, ( 2R, 4R) -Tetrahydro-4-methyl-2- (2-methyl-1-propenyl) -2H-pyran, (E) -Isoelemicin, methyl 2-methylpropanoate, trimethylphenylbutenone, 2-methylanisole, β-farnesol, ( e) iso eugenol, nitro-phenylethane, ethyl vanillate, 6-methoxyeugenol, linalool, β-ionone, trimethylphenylbutenone, ethyl benzoate, phenylethyl benzoate, isoeugenol and / or acetophenones or
• (m) freshness odor, preferably methylhexanoate, undecanone, (Z) -limonoxide, benzylacetate, ethylhydroxyhexanoate, isopropylhexanoate, pentadecanal, β-elemene, α-zingiberene, (E) -liminic oxide, (E) -p-mentha-2, 8-dien-1-ol, menthone, piperone, (E) -3-hexenol and / or carveol or
• (n) Fruit odor, such as ethylphenylacetate, geranylvalerate, γ-heptalactone, ethylpropionate, diethylacetal, geranylbutyrate, ethylheptylate, ethyloctanoate, methylhexanoate, dimethylheptenal, pentanone, ethyl-3-methylbutanoate, geranylisovalerate, iobutylacetate, ethoxypropanol, methyl-2-butenal, Methylnonanedione, linalyl acetate, methyl geranate, lmone oxide, hdrocinnamiccohol, ethylsuccinate, ethylhexanoate, ethylmethylpyrazine, nylate, ctronellylbutyrate, heylacetate, nonylacetate, butylmethylbutyrate, pentenal, isopentyldimethylpyrazine, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, hexadecanone, octylacetate, γ-dodecalactone, Epoxy β-ionone, ethyloctenoate, ethylisohexanoate, isobornyl propionate, cedrenol, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate, cadinadiene, (Z) -3-hexenylhexanoate, ethylcyclohexanoate, 4-methylthio-2-butanone, 3.5 Octadienone, methylcyclohexanecarboxylate, 2-pentylthiophene, α-ocimene, butanediol, ethyl valerate, pentanol, isopiperone, butyl octanoate, ethyl vanillate, methyl butanoate, 2-methyl butyl acetate, propyl hexanoate, butyl hexane oat, isopropyl butanoate, spathulenol, butanol, δ-dodecalactone, methylquinoxaline, sesquiphellandrene, 2-hexenol, ethyl benzoate, isopropyl benzoate, ethyl lactate and / or citronellyl isobutyrate or
• (o) Geranium-like odor, such as preferably geraniol, (E, Z) -2,4-nonadienal, octadienone and / or o-xylene or
• (p) grape-like odor such as preferably ethyl decanoate and / or hexanone or
• (q) grapefruit-like odor such as preferably (+) - 5,6-dimethyl-8-isopropenylbicyclo [4.4.0] dec-1-en-3-one and / or p-menthenethiol or
• (R) grassy odor such as preferably 2-ethylpyridine, 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene, hexanol and / or (Z) -3-hexenol or
• (s) green note, preferably 2-ethylhexanol, 6-decenal, dimethylheptenal, hexanol, heptanol, methyl-2-butenal, hexyloctanoate, nonanoic acid, undecanone, methyl geranate, isobornylformiate, gutanal, octanal, nonanal, epoxy-2-decenal, cis -Linalool, pyranoxide, nonanol, alpha, γ-dimethylallylalcohol, (Z) -2-penten-1-ol, (Z) -3-hexenylbutanoate, isobutylthiazole, (E) -2-nonenal, 2-dodecenal, (Z) 4-decenal, 2-octenal, 2-hegten-1-al, bicyclo-mermacrene, 2-octenal, o-thujene, (Z) -β-farnesene, (-) - γ-elemene, 2,4-octadienal, fucoserrate , Hexenylacetate, geranylacetone, valencene, β-eudesmol, 1-hexenol, (E) -2-undecenal, artemisia ketone, viridiflorol, 2,6-nonadienal, trimethylphenylbutenone, 2,4-nonadienal, butylisothiocyanate, 2-pentanol, elemole, 2-hexenal, 3-hexenal, (+) - (E) -liminene oxide, cis -isocitral, dimethyloctadienal, bornylformate, bornylisovalerate, isobutyraldehyde, 2,4-hexadienal, trimethylphenylbutenone, nonanone, (E) -2-hexenal, (+ ) -cis-Rosenoxide, Menthone, Coumarin, (Epoxymethylbutyl) -methylfura n, 2-hexenol, (E) -2-hexenol and / or carvyl acetate or
• (t) Green Tea-like odor, preferably (-) - Cubenol or
• (u) herbaceous odor, preferably octanone, hexyloctanoate, caryophyllene oxides, methylbutenol, safranal, benzyl benzoate, bornyl butyrate, hexyl acetate, β-bisabolol, piperitol, β-selenene, α-cubebene, p-menth-1-en-9-ol, 1 , 5,9,9-tetramethyl-12-oxabicyclododeca-4,7-diene, tmuurolol, (-) - cubenol, levomenol, ocimene, α-thujene, p-menth-1-en-9-yl acetate, dehydrocarveol, Artemisia alcohol, γ-muurolene, hydroxypentanone, (Z) -oimene, β-elemene, 6-cadinol, (E) -β-ocimene, (Z) -dihydrocarvone, α-cadinol, calamine, (Z) -piperitol. Lavandulol, β-bourbonene, (Z) -3-hexenyl-2-methylbutanoate, 4- (1-methylethyl) benzene-ethanol, artemisia ketone, methyl-2-butenol, heptanol, (E) -dihydrocarvone, p-2-menthene 1-ol, α-curcumene, spathulenol, sesquipellandrene, citronellyl valerate, bornyl isovalerate, 1,5-octadien-3-ol, methyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroanisole and / or hydroxycalmenes or
• (v) honey-like odor, preferably ethyl cinnamate, β-phenethyl acetate, phenylacetic acid, phenylethanal, methyl anthranilate, cinnamic acid, β-damascenone, ethyl (E) -cinnamate, 2-phenylethylalcohol, citronellyl valerate, phenylethyl benzoate and / or eugenol or
• (w) Hyacinth-like odor, preferably Hotrienol or
• (x) jasmine-like odor, preferably methyl jasmonate, methyldihydroepijasmonate and / or methylepijasmonate or
• (y) lavender-like odor, preferably linalyl valerate and / or linalool or
• (z) lemon-like odor, preferably, neral, octanal, δ-3-carene, limonene, geranial, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol, citral, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineol and / or α-terpinene or
• (aa) lily-like odor, preferably dodecanal or
• (bb) magnolia-like odor, preferably geranylacetone or
• (cc) mandarin-like odor, preferably undecanol or
• (dd) melon-like odor, preferably dimethylheptenal or
• (ee) Minty odor, preferably menthone, ethyl salicylate, p-anisaldehyde, 2,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-dimethylbenzofuran, epoxy-p-menthene, geranial, (methylbutenyl) -methylfuran, dihydrocarvyla cetate, β-cyclocitral, 1,8-cineole, β-phellandrene, methylpentanone, (+) - limonene, dihydrocarveol (-) - carvone, (E) -p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, isopulegyl acetate , Piperone, 2,3-dehydro-1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, DL-carvone and / or α-phellandrene or
• (ff) Odorless odor, preferably 5-methyl- (E) -2-hegten-4-one, γ-heptalactone, 2-acetylpyrrole, 3-octen-2-one, dihydromethylcyclopentapyrazine, acetylthiazole, 2-octenal, 2,4 Heptadienal, 3-octenone, hydroxypentanone, octanol, dimethylpyrazine, methylquinoxaline and / or acetylpyrroline or
• (gg) orange-like odor, preferably methyloctanoate, undecanone, decyl alcohol, limonene and / or 2-decenal or
• (hh) orange peel-like odor, preferably decanal and / or beta-carene or
• (ii) peach-like odor, preferably γ-nonalactone, (Z) -6-dodecene-γ-lactone, δ-decalactone, R-δ-decenolactone, hexylhexanoate, 5-octanolide, γ-decalactone and / or δ-undecalactone or
• (jj) peppermint-like odor, preferably methyl salicylate and / or I-menthol or
• (kk) Pine-like odor, preferably α-p-dimethylstyrene, β-pinene, bornyl benzoate, δ-terpinene, dihydroterpinyl acetate and / or α-one or
• (II) pineapple-like odor, preferably propyl butyrate, propyl propanoate and / or ethyl acetate or
• (mm) plum-like odor, preferably benzyl butanoate, or
• (nn) raspberry-like odor, preferably β-innone or
• (oo) Rose-like odor, preferably β-phenethyl acetate, 2-ethylhexanol, geranyl valerate, geranyl acetate, citronellol, geraniol, geranyl butyrate, geranyl isovalerate, citronellyl butyrate, citronellyl acetate, isogeraniol, tetrahydro-4-methyl-2- (2-methyl-1) propenyl) -2,5-cis-2H-pyran, isogeraniol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, citronellyl valerate and / or citronellyl isobutyrate, or
• (pp) spearmint-like odor, preferably carvylacetate and / or carveol, or
• (qq) strawberry-like odor, preferably hexylmethyl butyrate, methyl cinnamate, pentenal, methyl cinnamate or
• (rr) sweet odor, preferably benzyl alcohol, ethyl phenylacetate, tridecanal, nerol, methylhexanoate, linalyl isovalerate, undecanedehyde, caryophyllene oxide, linalyl acetate, safranal, uncinol, phenylethanal, p-anisaldehyde, eudesmol, ethylmethylpyrazine, citronellylbutyrate, 4-methyl-3-pentene-2 -on, nonyl acetate, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, β-bisabolol, (Z) -6-dodecene-γ-lactone, β-farnesene, 2-dodecenal, γ-dodecalactone, epoxy-β-ionone, 2-undecenal , Styrene glycol, methyl furanol, (-) - cis-rose oxide, (E) -β-octenes, dimethylmethoxyfuranone, 1,8-cineols, ethylbenzaldehyde, 2-pentylthiophene, α-farnesene, methionol, 7-methoxycoumarin, (Z) -3 -Hexenyl 2-methylbutanoate, o-aminoacetophenone, viridiflorol, isopiperitones, β-sinensal, ethyl vanillate, methyl butanoate, p-methoxystyrene, 6-methoxyeugenol, 4-hexanolide, δ-dodecalactone, sesquiphenoids, diethyl malate, linalyl butyrate, guaiacol, coumarin, methyl benzoate , Isopropyl benzoate, safroles, durene, γ-butyrolactone, ethyl isobutyrate and / or furfural or
• (ss) vanilla-like odor, preferably vanillin, methyl vanillate, acetovanillon and / or ethyl vanillate or
• (tt) watermelon-like odor, preferably 2,4-nonadienal or
• (uu) woody odor, preferably α-muurolene, cadina-1,4-dien-3-ol, isocaryophyllene, eudesmol, α-ionone, bornyl butyrate, (E) -α-bergamotene, linalooloxide, ethylpyrazine, 10-epi-γ Eudesmol, α-ionone, bornyl butyrate, (E) -α-bergamotene, linalooloxide, ethylpyrazine, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, germacrene B, trans-sabin hydrate, dihydrolinalool, isodihydrocarveol, β-farnesene, β-sesquiphellandrene, δ- Elemene, α-calacorene, epoxy-β-ionone, germacrene D, bicyclo mermose, alloaromadendrene, α-thujene, oxo-β-ionone, (-) - γ-elemene. γ-Muurolene, Sabinene, α-Guaiene, α-Copaene, γ-Cadinene, Nerolidol, β-Eudesmol, α-Cadinol, δ-Cadinene, 4,5-Dimethoxy-6- (2-propenyl) -1,3- benzodioxole, [1ar (1aalpha, 4aalpha, 7alpha, 7abeta, 7balpha)] - decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-1H-cycloprop [e] azulen, α-gurjunen, guaiol, α-farnesene, γ -Selenene, 4- (1-methylethyl) -benzenemethanol, Perillen, Elemol, α-Humulenes, β-Caryophyllene and / or β-Guaiene or
• (vv) mixtures of the above.

A stored in depot particles liquid may preferably also liquid Cosmetic ingredients, e.g. oils contain. Preferred oils can advantageously fully synthetic oils such as e.g. Silicone oils, herbal and / or animal fat oils (Triglycerides of medium or unsaturated fatty acids) and / or essential oils (e.g., from plant parts).

• a) Wachse wie beispielsweise Carnauba, Spermaceti, Bienenwachs, Lanolin und/oder Derivate derselben und andere.
• b) Hydrophobe Pflanzenextrakte
• c) Kohlenwasserstoffe wie beispielsweise Squalene und/oder Squalane
• d) Höhere Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise solche mit wenigstens 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispiels weise Laurinsäure, Stearinsäure, Behensäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Ölsäure, Linol säure, Linolensäure, Isostearinsäure und/oder mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren und andere.
• e) Höhere Fettalkohole, vorzugsweise solche mit wenigstens 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, beispiels weise Laurylalkohol, Cetylalkohol, Stearylalkohol, Oleylalkohol, Behenylalkohol, Cholesterol und/oder 2-Hexadecanaol und andere.
• f) Ester, vorzugsweise solche wie Cetyloctanoate, Lauryllactate, Myristyllactate, Cetyllactate, Isopropylmyristate, Myristylmyristate, Isopropylpalmitate, Isopropyladipate, Butylstearate, Decyloleate, Cholesterolisostearate, Glycerolmonostearate, Glyceroldistearate, Glyceroltristearate, Alkyllactate, Alkylcitrate und/oder Alkyltartrate und andere.
• g) Lipide wie beispielsweise Cholesterol, Ceramide und/oder Saccharoseester und andere.
• h) Vitamine wie beispielsweise die Vitamine A und E, Vitaminalkylester, einschließlich Vitamin C Alkylester und andere.
• i) Sonnenschutzmittel
• j) Phospholipide
• k) Derivate von alpha-Hydroxysäuren
• I) Riechstoffe
• m) Germizide für den kosmetischen Gebrauch, sowohl synthetische wie beispielsweise Salicyl säure und/oder andere als auch natürliche wie beispielsweise Neemöl und/oder andere.
• n) Silikone

sowie Mischungen jeglicher vorgenannter Komponenten.A depot particle, in particular the liquid stored in depot particles, may preferably contain one or more skin-care and / or skin-protecting active substances. Skin-care active substances are all those active substances which give the skin a sensory and / or cosmetic advantage. Skin-care active substances are preferably selected from the following substances:

• a) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin and / or derivatives thereof and others.
• b) Hydrophobic plant extracts
• c) hydrocarbons such as squalene and / or squalane
• d) Higher fatty acids, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, example, lauric acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, isostearic acid and / or polyunsaturated fatty acids and others.
• e) Higher fatty alcohols, preferably those having at least 12 carbon atoms, example, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, behenyl, cholesterol and / or 2-hexadecanol and others.
• f) esters, preferably such as cetyloctanoates, lauryl lactates, myristyl lactates, cetyl lactates, isopropyl myristates, myristyl myristates, isopropyl palmitates, isopropyl adipates, butyl stearates, decyl oleates, cholesterol stearates, glycerol monostearates, glycerol distearates, glycerol tristearates, alkyl lactates, alkyl citrates and / or alkyl tartrates and others.
• g) lipids such as cholesterol, ceramides and / or sucrose esters and others.
• h) vitamins such as vitamins A and E, vitamin C esters, including vitamin C alkyl esters and others.
• i) sunscreen
• j) phospholipids
• k) derivatives of alpha hydroxy acids
• I) fragrances
• m) Germicides for cosmetic use, both synthetic such as salicylic acid and / or others as well as natural such as neem oil and / or others.
• n) silicones

as well as mixtures of any of the aforementioned components.

One Depot particles, in particular the liquid stored in depot particles, may preferably contain antiseptic effective oil, preferably essential oil, in particular selected is from the group of Angelica fine - Angelica archangelica, aniseed - Pimpinella Anisum, Benzoin siam - Styrax tokinensis, Cabreuva - Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Cajeput - Melaleuca leucadendron, Cistus - Cistrus ladaniferus, Copaiba balm - Copaifera reticulata, costus root - Saussurea discolor, Edeltannennadel - Abies alba, Elemi - Canarium luzonicum, fennel - foeniculum dulce spruce needle - Picea Abies, Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens, Ho leaves - Cinnamonum camphora, immortelle (straw flower) Helichrysum ang., ginger extra - zingiber off., St. John's Wort - Hypericum perforatum, jojoba, chamomile german - Matricaria recutita, chamomile blue fine - Matricaria chamomilla, chamomile rom. - Anthemis nobilis, chamomile wild - Ormensis multicaulis, carrot - Daucus carota, mountain pine - Pinus mugho, lavandin - lavender hybrida, Litsea Cubeba - (May Chang), Manuka - Leptospermum scoparium, melissa - Melissa officinalis, sea pine - Pinus pinaster, myrrh - Commiphora molmol, myrtle - myrtus communis, Neem - Azadirachta, Niaouli - (MQV) Melaleuca quin. viridiflora, Palmarosa - Cymbopogom martini, Patchouli - Pogostemon Patschuli, Peruvian Balsam - Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, Raventsara aromatica, rosewood - Aniba pink odora, sage - salvia officinalis horsetail - Equisetaceae, Yarrow extra - Achillea millefolia, ribwort plantain - Plantago lanceolata, Styrax - Liquidambar orientalis, Tagetes (Marigold) Tagetes patula, Tea Tree - Melaleuca alternifolia, tolu balsam - Myroxylon Balsamum L., Virginia Cedar - Juniperus virginiana, frankincense (Olibanum) - Boswellia carteri, silver fir - Abies alba.

One Depot particles, in particular the liquid stored in depot particles, may preferably be skin-protecting Active ingredients, advantageously containing skin-protecting oil. In the skin-protecting The substance is advantageously a skin-protecting oil, e.g. also to a carrier oil, in particular selected from the group algae oil Oleum Phaeophyceae, Aloe Vera Oilq Aloe vera brasiliana, apricot kernel oil Prunus armeniaca, arnica Arnica montana, avocado oil Persea americana, borage oil Borago officinalis, calendula oil Calendula officinalis, camellia oil Camellia oleifera, thistle oil Carthamus tinctorius, peanut oil Arachis hypogaea, hemp oil Cannabis sativa, hazelnut oil Corylus avellana /, St. John's wort oil Hypericum perforatum, jojoba oil Simondsia chinensis, carrot oil Daucus carota, coconut oil Cocos nucifera, pumpkin seed oil Curcubita pepo, kukui nut oil Aleurites moluccana, macadamia nut oil macadamia ternifolia, almond oil Prunus dulcis, olive oil Olea europaea, peach kernel oil Prunus persica, rapeseed oil Brassica oleifera, castor oil Ricinus communis, black seed oil Nigella sativa, sesame oil Sesamium indicum, sunflower oil Helianthus annus, grapeseed oil Vitis vinifera, walnut oil of Juglans regia, wheat germ oil Triticum sativum, of these in particular the borage oil, the hemp oil and the almond oil are advantageous.

A depot particle, in particular the liquid stored in depot particles, may preferably contain moisturizing factors, for example those selected from the following group: amino acids, chitosan or chitosan salts / derivatives, ethylene glycol, glucosamine, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, urine acid, honey and hardened honey, creatinine, cleavage products of collagen, lactitol, polyols and polyol derivatives (for example butylene glycol, erythritol, propylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG- 8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, sugars and sugar derivatives (e.g., fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol , Sorbitan-silanediol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, xylitol, glucuronic acid and its salts), ethoxylated sorbitol (sorbeth-6, sorbeth-20, sorbeth-30, sorbeth-40), hardened starch hydrolysates and mixtures of hardened wheat protein and PEG-20. Acetate copolymer, in particular panthenol.

It is possible, too, Active substances in the sponge according to the invention which are solid at room temperature but at elevated temperatures liquid are, preferably those ingredients whose pour points in the temperature range of> 25 ° C, preferably 30 ° C to 260 ° C, such as. Polyesters or carbohydrates, e.g. Disaccharides off the isomaltitol family, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicones (silicone oils), paraffins, Nonionic surfactants, esterquats, glycerides of fatty acids (natural oils), waxes, mono-, di- or Triglycerides and / or polyalkylene glycols are as carbohydrates here e.g. Sugar can be used advantageously, e.g. alpha-D-glucose monohydrate (m.p. in the range 83-86 ° C), alpha-D-galactose monohydrate (melting point in the range of 118-120 ° C) or e.g. Maltose monohydrate (melting point in the range 102-103 ° C) to some To give examples. Also suitable are the derivatives, such as Amino sugars, such as e.g. D-glucosamine (melting point α-form: 88 ° C), or such as deoxy sugar, e.g. Rhamnose monohydrate (m.p. 92-94 ° C).

suitable Paraffins can e.g. Octadecane, nonadecane, eicosan, docosan, tricosan, tetracosane, pentacosan, Hexacosan, heptacosan, octacosan, nonacosan or triacosan, to give a few examples.

Suitable fatty alcohols may be, for example, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 1-heptadecanol, 1-octadecanol, 9-trans-octadecen-1-ol, 1-nonadecanol, 1-eicosanol, 1-heneicosanol, 1-docosanol, 13-cis-docosen-1-ol, 3-trans-docosen-1-ol, to name just a few examples. These include the so-called waxy coal, ie fatty alcohols with about 24-36 carbon atoms, such as triacontanol-1 or melissyl alcohol. These include unsaturated fatty alcohols such as Elaidyalkohol, Erucaalkohol or Brassidylalkohol. These include Guerbet alcohols, such as C ₃₂ H ₆₆ O or C ₃₆ H ₇₄ O. These also include alkane diols, such as undecanediol-1,11 or dodecanediol-1,12.

Suitable nonionic surfactants may be, for example, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, for example C ₁₄ H ₂₉ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₂ H, C ₁₀ H ₂₁ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₈ H, C ₁₂ H ₂₅ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₆ H, C ₁₄ H ₂₉ -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄ H, C ₁₆ H ₃₃ ^- O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₁₂ H, C ₁₈ H ₃₇ -O - (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) ₄ H, to name just a few examples.

suitable fatty acids can e.g. its capric acid, undecanoic, Lauric acid, tridecanoic myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic acid, margaric stearic acid, nonadecanoic arachidonic acid, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, crotonic, erucic acid, eleostearic or melissinic acid, to give a few examples.

Suitable can also the esters of fatty acids be such as the methyl or ethyl esters of behenic acid or the arachidic acid, to give examples.

Suitable are also mono-, di- or triglycerides, e.g. the corresponding Glycerides of lauric acid, the palmitic or capric acid, to give a few examples.

suitable Waxes can natural Waxes, e.g. Carnauba Wax, Candelilla Wax, Espartowax, Guaruma Wax, Japan wax, cork wax or montan wax, as well as animal wash, such as. Beeswax, wool wax, shellac wax or spermaceti, as well synthetic waxes, e.g. Polyalkylene waxes or polyethylene glycol waxes, also chemically modified waxes, e.g. hydrogenated jojoba waxes or montan ester waxes.

In a preferred embodiment the invention, a sponge according to the invention is characterized in that it depot particles contains which contain mixtures which are highly viscous at temperatures ≤ 25 ° C or are solid and contain at least one liquid at 20 ° C and substance at least one at elevated Temperatures flowable additive containing a melting or pour point in the range of 25 ° C to preferably 100 ° C, with the proviso that this Mixture at temperatures below preferably 110 ° C substantially undecomposed into a molten one State passes.

One such sponge has the advantage that over a temperature control a targeted release of active substances from the depot particles allows becomes.

As a general rule is according to the invention such Sponge is preferred in which as such particles deposit particles are included, which is a carrier material which is a liquid is incorporated. This corresponds to a preferred embodiment. When as a carrier material an inorganic carrier material is included, e.g. selected from the group comprising zeolites, sulphates, carbonates, silicates, preferably phyllosilicates, e.g. Bentonite, silica and / or their mixtures, so again is a preferred embodiment in front.

If the carrier material advantageously zeolite and / or layered silicate, preferably Bentonite includes, so is a particularly preferred embodiment.

If the carrier material spray-dried Material, preferably tower powder, includes, so is a special preferred embodiment in front.

The Receives tower powder in a known way by spray drying. The material to be dried (liquid solution or suspension, e.g. an aqueous one slurry thermally stable detergent ingredients that are among the Conditions of spray drying neither volatilize still decompose such as Surfactants, builders, adjusting agents) at the top End of a wide, cylindrical container through nozzles or by means of a fast rotating atomizer disc to a fine Mist sprayed. The resulting spray cone is e.g. name is Air (e.g., at a temperature of 250 to 350 ° C) or an inert gas of led down below. The supply of the drying gas can also be in direct current from above take place, e.g. for very temperature sensitive products (e.g. Enzymes, active microorganisms). The dry material falls as more or less fine powder, as granules or smaller in size Beads (prills) down and is discharged to the bottom of the dryer.

It can also carrier material which agglomerates at high pressure (preferably> 10000 Pa) has been. In particular, running a corresponding agglomeration process preferably under high Print by rolling and then breaking the scabs off. For this Type of agglomeration are preferably pressures above 10,000 Pa needed.

• a) als solches bei Temperaturen ≤ 25°C hochviskos oder fest ist,
• b) Fluide und wenigstens einen bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähigen Zusatzstoff enthält, welcher einen Schmelz- oder Fließpunkt im Bereich von 25°C bis vorzugsweise 120°C aufweist,
• c) bereits bei Temperaturen unterhalb vorzugsweise 120°C im wesentlichen unzersetzt in einen schmelzflüssigen Zustand übergeht, stellt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung.

A sponge according to the invention, in which depot particles are contained, which are composed of a porous, particulate polymer substrate, which is loaded with 5 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the loaded polymer substrate, a guest mixture, said guest mixture

• a) is highly viscous or solid at temperatures ≤ 25 ° C,
• b) containing fluids and at least one additive which is flowable at elevated temperatures and which has a melting point or pour point in the range from 25 ° C. to preferably 120 ° C.,
• c) is already at temperatures below preferably 120 ° C substantially undecomposed in a molten state, provides a preferred embodiment of the invention.

there it is particularly preferred if the aforementioned additive, whose pour point in Temperature range of 25 ° C preferably 120 ° C lies, selected is from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicone oils, paraffins, Nonionic surfactants, esterquats, natural oils, waxes and / or polyalkylene glycols.

With the term "im essentially undecomposed " the fact that some materials or compounds or substances can decompose on the supply of thermal energy. The means that the concerned Material in such a case by the influence of temperature so in its structure is changed, that it thereby into one for his original Use no longer suitable condition is transferred.

In contrast, the guest mixtures are preferably characterized by the fact that they go substantially undecomposed in a molten state. This means that they do not undergo major degradation reactions at the specific temperature load necessary to bring them to the molten state, so that a guest mixture according to the invention, even after its conversion to a flowable state and the subsequent return to the solid state preferably remains largely unchanged. In contrast to this, for example, there is an object which undergoes decompositions when transferred to the molten state, so that the object, after returning in the solid state differs significantly from its initial state, for example, in terms of its appearance, its feel, its smell or other aspects.

• a) flüssige Riechstoffe (Parfümöle) und/oder
• b) flüssige Wasch- und Reinigungsmittelinhaltsstoffe, wie vorzugsweise Tenside, insbesondere Niotenside, Silikonöle, Paraffine und/oder
• c) flüssige Kosmetikinhaltstoffe, wie vorzugsweise Öle und/oder
• d) flüssige nicht-pharmazeutische Additive oder Wirkstoffe und/oder
• e) Mischungen vorgenannter.

A guest mixture is preferably considered to be highly viscous if the Brookfield viscosity at 20 ° C. exceeds 2500 mPas, preferably 5000 mPas, in particular 7 500 mPas, preferably 10000 mPas and more preferably 25000 mPas. (Viscosity Measurement in a Brookfield Viscometer Model DV II at 20 rpm with Spindle 3) The fluid is preferably a liquid (at T = 20 ° C), preferably containing

• a) liquid fragrances (perfume oils) and / or
• b) liquid washing and cleaning agent ingredients, such as preferably surfactants, in particular nonionic surfactants, silicone oils, paraffins and / or
• c) liquid cosmetic ingredients, such as preferably oils and / or
• d) liquid non-pharmaceutical additives or active ingredients and / or
• e) mixtures of the aforementioned.

At the Most preferred are fragrances and nonionic surfactants, in particular in a mixture. For the purposes of this invention, the terms "fragrance (s)" and "perfume oil (s)" are used synonymously. This means in particular all those substances or their mixtures, which are perceived by humans and animals as a smell, in particular be perceived by man as a fragrance. The fluid is preferably a substantially hydrophobic liquid. Typical hydrophobic Groups are e.g. long-chain or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals. Perfume oils are usually hydrophobic liquids.

The Fluid may preferably be liquid Cosmetic ingredients, e.g. oils contain. Preferred oils can advantageously fully synthetic oils such as. Silicone oils, vegetable and / or animal fatty oils (triglycerides, medium or unsaturated fatty acids) and / or essential oils (e.g., from plant parts).

The Guest mixture, advantageously the fluid, may preferably be or more skin-care and / or skin-protecting active substances.

skin care Active substances are all such active substances that the skin is a sensory and / or confer cosmetic benefit. Preferred skin care Active substances have already been described.

To a preferred embodiment For example, the polymer substrate is at least partially made of polymers which from polyolefins, fluoropolymers, styrene polymers, copolymers of these Polymers and / or mixtures of the aforementioned polymers are selected, built up.

Especially preferred are e.g. Polypropylenes, polyethylenes, etc. Preferably hydrophobic polymer substrates are used. Particularly advantageous Polyethylenes are HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE or UHMW-PE. Especially preferred are also poly (4-methyl-1-pentene), poly (1-butene) or polyisobutene and as copolymers ethylene-propylene copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. preferred Fluoropolymers are, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinyl fluoride and the copolymers poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene), Poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether) and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene). As styrene polymers are Polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers and acrylonitrile, butadiene-styrene copolymers are preferred. Especially preferred however, are polymer substrates based on polyolefins and in particular based on polypropylene or polyethylene. In particular networked (Co) polymers are also preferred.

To a preferred embodiment has the polymer substrate before loading with the guest mixture one at least partially open-pore structure with a mean pore diameter preferably between 1μm and 300μm on. The lower limit can also be at values such as 5μm, 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm or 30μm etc. The upper limit can also be used for values such as z. 280μm, 260μm, 240μm or 220μm and so on.

An insertable, porous, particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pore structure may have a sponge-like cellular or even a network-like or coral-shaped microstructure. The pore structure should be at least partially open-pored, ie the pores present in the polymer substrate must be in fluid communication with each other at least in partial regions of the substrate structure, and the particles of the polymer substrate should be open-pored at least in partial areas of their outer surface. As a result, a sufficient permeability for the fluids can be achieved. The use of a particulate polymer substrate with at least partially open-pored structure allows a generous fluid admission. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer substrate used according to the invention has an average pore diameter in the range between 4 and 110 μm. Particularly preferred is a mean pore diameter in the range of 5 to 50 microns. Polymer substrates with such preferred pore diameters show good loadability.

To a preferred embodiment If the guest mixture at temperatures below 100 ° C, advantageously below 90 ° C, more preferably below 80 ° C, especially below 70 ° C substantially undecomposed into a molten one Condition over.

To a further preferred embodiment If the guest mixture to at least 20 wt .-%, preferably to at least 30% by weight, advantageously at least 40% by weight, in a very advantageous manner at least 50 wt .-%, in particular advantageously at least 60 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner at least 70 wt .-%, in extremely advantageous Way to at least 80 wt .-%, more advantageously to at least 90% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, in the most advantageous manner however, to 100 wt .-% of the components fluid and additive (s) with enamel or pour points in the Range of 25 ° C preferably 120 ° C.

To another preferred embodiment are the additives contained in the guest mixture with melt or floating point in the range of 25 ° C preferably 120 ° C, at least partially soluble in the fluid, preferably near it respective pour point essentially complete soluble in the fluid.

To another preferred embodiment is the guest mixture at temperatures until advantageously bite 28 ° C, in very advantageously up to ≤ 32 ° C, in particular advantageously up to ≤ 38 ° C, in whole particularly advantageously up to ≤ 42 ° C, in further Advantageously, ≤ 48 ° C, in still more advantageously up to ≤ 55 ° C, in still more advantageously up to ≤ 60 ° C highly viscous or in particular.

To a further preferred embodiment is the pour point the at elevated Temperatures flowable additives or the mixture of these additives greater than 25 ° C, is preferably in the range from 30 to 90 ° C, advantageously in the range of 35 to 70 ° C and in particular in the range from 40 to 60 ° C.

To a further preferred embodiment contains the guest mixture up to 90 wt .-%, preferably 10 to 80 wt .-%, but more preferably less than 70 wt .-%, namely advantageously 15 to 65 wt .-%, in a very advantageous manner to 55 wt .-%, in even more advantageously from 28 to 50% by weight at elevated temperatures flowable additives (ie additives with melting or pour point in the range of 25 ° C to preferably 120 ° C), based on the total guest mixture with which the polymer substrate loaded.

To a further preferred embodiment contains the guest mixture more than 5 wt .-% of fluid (s), preferably more as 10 wt .-%, advantageously 15 to 90 wt .-%, in very advantageous 20 to 80 wt .-%, more preferably 25 to 75 Wt .-%, in particular 30 to 72 wt .-% of fluid (s), based on the entire guest mixture with which the polymer substrate is loaded is.

To a further preferred embodiment contains the depot particles less than 25 wt.%, Preferably less than 15% by weight, advantageously less than 10% by weight, more advantageously less than 5% by weight of water, based on the total depot particle, in particular, he is completely anhydrous. The guest mixture can additionally still contain other substances which have a melting point above 120 ° C, e.g. corresponding carbohydrates, advantageously sugars, e.g. sucrose (Mp 185-186 ° C).

If the guest mixture further solids, preferably conventional detergents solids contains is also a preferred embodiment.

If the solids content of the guest mixture less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, advantageously less than 25%, in particular less than 15%, in excess preferably less than 10%, based on the total Guest mixture with which the polymer substrate is loaded, so there is a further preferred embodiment in front.

To a preferred embodiment the solids contained in the guest mixture have a d50 value of less than 0.2 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm, in particular less than 0.05 mm.

If the guest mixture solids selected from the group of zeolites, Bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and / or derivatives thereof, Sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and / or salts contains the anionic surfactants, such is another preferred embodiment.

• – Poröses Polymersubstrat: vorzugsweise 40 – 75 Gew. %, insbesondere 40 – 60 Gew.-%
• – Fluid im Polymersubstrat: vorzugsweise 1 – 30 Gew.-%, insbesondere 20 – 30 Gew.%
• – bei erhöhten Temperaturen fließfähiger Zusatzstoff: vorzugsweise 1 – 30 Gew.%, insbesondere 20 – 30 Gew.%

The depot particle may be of any shape, preferably spherical, oval, cylindrical, or granular, or of any other regular or irregular shape. It has been found that preferably the following proportions, in each case with respect to the entire depot particle, can be particularly advantageous:

• Porous polymer substrate: preferably 40-75% by weight, in particular 40-60% by weight
• Fluid in the polymer substrate: preferably 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 20 to 30% by weight
• Additive which is flowable at elevated temperatures: preferably 1 to 30% by weight, in particular 20 to 30% by weight

Of the Depot particles according to the invention is characterized advantageously by the fact that the guest mixture large quantities Liquid, such as. Perfume, safe and durable in the porous Polymer substrate can be immobilized and only on external Stimulus, such as temperature increase and / or mechanical stress, be released again.

Even though also the outer surface of the Polymer substrate may preferably be occupied by the guest mixture, so that advantageously also of a coated polymer substrate can be spoken, it continues to be a preferred one embodiment possible, the depot particles according to the invention, ie e.g. the loaded with the guest mixture polymer substrate, in addition to to provide an optional coating. According to a preferred embodiment According to the invention, the depot particle is coated.

For the optional Coating can be coating agent be used. These are fabrics which are the outer surface of the To coat the object a shiny Appearance and / or form on the outer surface of a coating (an envelope). As a coating agent can solid and / or liquid Substances are used, preferably those which have a moisture penetration prevent or delay or prevent or delay flavor loss.

suitable optional coating agents can water-soluble, water-dispersible and / or water-insoluble (co) polymers. The optional coating layer as such may be water soluble or insoluble in water be.

Water-soluble polymers contain a sufficient number of hydrophilic groups for water solubility and are advantageously not crosslinked. The hydrophilic groups may be nonionic, anionic, cationic or zwitterionic, for example, -NH _2, -OH, -SH, -O-, -COOH, -COO-M ^+, -SO3 ^- M ^+, -PO ₃ 2 ^{- 2} M ⁺ , -NH ₃ ⁺ ,

The individual polymers can simultaneously contain different hydrophilic groups, e.g. ionic and nonionic and / or anionionic besides cationic Groups. Preferred water-soluble Polymers can e.g. natural Polysaccharides and / or polypeptides, e.g. Starch, alginates, pectins, vegetable gums, Be caseins, gelatin, etc. Preferred water-soluble polymers may be e.g. semi-synthetic polymers, e.g. Cellulose ethers or starch ethers be.

preferred water-soluble Polymers can e.g. biotechnologically produced products, e.g. Pullulan, Curdlan or xanthan.

Preferred water-soluble polymers may be, for example, synthetic polymers, such as, for example, homopolymers and / or copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and its derivatives, maleic, vinylsulfonic, vinylphosphonic, polyvinylalcohol, polyethylenimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like. Preferred coating compositions contain water-soluble (co) polymer, in particular with a melting or softening point in the range of 48 ° C to 300 ° C, advantageously in the range of 48 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably in the range of 48 ° C. up to 200 ° C. Suitable water-soluble (co) polymer having a corresponding melting or softening point may advantageously be selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene terephthalates, polyvinyl alcohol len and mixtures thereof are selected.

The optional coating can be used in addition to the actual coating agent or independently this further constituents, e.g. advantageously Textile softening compounds and / or perfume.

It is possible, too Optionally coating the depot particle multiple times, for example by the depot particle is first coated with a first coating, e.g. containing a textile-softening compound, surrounds, and that thereafter resulting object with another envelope, e.g. containing water-soluble polymer and perfume, provides.

• (a) lipophile Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie beispielsweise auch Triacontan, Squalen oder Carotinoide usw.),
• (b) lipophile Alkohole (wie beispielsweise Wachsalkohole, Retinol oder Cholesterin usw.),
• (c) Etherlipide
• (d) lipophile Carbonsäuren (Fettsäuren),
• (e) lipophile Ester [wie Neutralfette – d.h. Mono-, Di- u. Triacylglycerine (Triglyceride), Sterinester usw.]
• (f) lipophile Amide (wie z.B. Ceramide usw.),
• (g) Wachse
• (h) Lipide mit mehr als 2 Hydrolyseprodukten, wie z.B. Glykolipide, Phospholipide, Sphingolipide und/oder Glycerolipide usw.
• (i) Lipide in Form höhermolekularer Konjugate mit mehr als 2 Hydrolyseprodukten, wie z.B. Lipoproteinenund/oder Lipopolysaccharide usw.,
• (j) Phosphor-freie Glykolipide, wie z.B. Glykosphingolipide (wie vorzugsweiseCerebroside, Ganglioside, Sulfatide) oder wie z.B. Glykoglycerolipide (wie vorzugsweise Glykosyldi- und – monoglyceride)usw.
• (k) Kohlenhydrat-freie Phospholipide, wie z.B. Sphingophospholipide (wie vorzugsweise Sphingomyelinen) oder wie z.B. Glycerophospholipide (wie vorzugsweise Lecithine, Kephaline, Cardiolipine, Phosphatidylinosite und -inositphosphate usw.)
• (l) Mischungen aus Vorgenannten.

According to a preferred embodiment, the optional coating of the depot particle contains lipids and / or silicone oils. Preferred lipids are

• (a) lipophilic hydrocarbons (such as triacontane, squalene or carotenoids, etc.),
• (b) lipophilic alcohols (such as wax alcohols, retinol or cholesterol, etc.),
• (c) ether lipids
• (d) lipophilic carboxylic acids (fatty acids),
• (e) lipophilic esters [such as neutral fats - ie mono-, di-, and the like. Triacylglycerols (triglycerides), sterol esters, etc.]
• (f) lipophilic amides (such as ceramides, etc.),
• (g) waxes
• (h) lipids with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as glycolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids and / or glycerolipids etc.
• (i) lipids in the form of higher molecular weight conjugates with more than 2 hydrolysis products, such as lipoproteins and / or lipopolysaccharides, etc.,
• (j) Phosphorus-free glycolipids, such as glycosphingolipids (such as preferably cerebrosides, gangliosides, sulphatides) or, for example, glycoglycerolipids (such as, preferably, glycosyl di- and monoglycerides), etc.
• (k) carbohydrate-free phospholipids such as sphingophospholipids (such as preferably sphingomyelins) or such as glycerophospholipids (such as preferably lecithins, cephalins, cardiolipins, phosphatidylinositols and inositol phosphates, etc.)
• (l) mixtures of the foregoing.

• (a) Carboxylat-Gruppen enthaltende Polymere (Polycarboxylate), vorzugsweise Homopolymerisate der Acrylsäure und/oder Copolymerisate der Acrylsäure und Maleinsäure,
• (b) Polyethylenglykole, insbesondere solche mit Molmassen < ca. 25000 g/mol, vorzugsweise < ca. 10000 g/mol, vorteilhafterweise < ca. 6000 g/mol, wie beispielsweise PEG 4000,
• (c) (acetalisierte) Polyvinylalkohole,
• (d) (modifizierte) Kohlenhydrate, vorzugsweise Mono-, Oligo- und/oder Polysaccharide, insbesondere Glucose
• (e) Polyvinylpyrrolidone,

bzw. Mischungen vorgenannter umfassen.Preferred optional coating agents may

• (a) carboxylate-group-containing polymers (polycarboxylates), preferably homopolymers of acrylic acid and / or copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid,
• (b) polyethylene glycols, in particular those having molecular weights <about 25,000 g / mol, preferably <about 10,000 g / mol, advantageously <about 6000 g / mol, such as, for example, PEG 4000,
• (c) (acetalated) polyvinyl alcohols,
• (d) (modified) carbohydrates, preferably mono-, oligo- and / or polysaccharides, in particular glucose
• (e) polyvinylpyrrolidones,

or mixtures thereof.

"Polyvinyl alcohols" (abbreviated PVAL, occasionally PVOH) is the name for polymers of the general structure [-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -] _n in small proportions also structural units of the type [-CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH (OH) -CH ₂ ] contain.

Commercially available polyvinyl alcohols, the as white-yellowish Powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of approx. 100 to 2500 (molecular weights of about 4000 to 100,000 g / mol) offered have hydrolysis degrees of 98-99 and 87-89 mol%, respectively So still a residual content of acetyl groups. To be characterized the polyvinyl alcohols from the manufacturers by specifying the Degree of polymerization of the starting polymer, the degree of hydrolysis, the saponification number or the solution viscosity.

Depending on the degree of hydrolysis, polyvinyl alcohols are soluble in water and a few highly polar organic solvents (formamide, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide); They are not attacked by (chlorinated) hydrocarbons, esters, fats and oils. Polyvinyl alcohols are classified as toxicologically safe and are biologically at least partially degradable. The water solubility can be reduced by aftertreatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid or borax. The polyvinyl alcohol coatings are largely impermeable to gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, however Pass water vapor.

in the For the purposes of the present invention, coatings are optionally preferred. which at least partially comprise a polyvinyl alcohol, its degree of hydrolysis advantageously 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, more preferably 81 to 89 mol%, and especially 82 to 88 mol%. In a preferred embodiment If the film material used is at least 20% by weight, more preferably at least 40% by weight, most preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, more preferably 81 to 89 mol%, and especially 82 to 88 mol%. Preferably, the entire coating is at least 20 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40% by weight, most preferably at least 60% by weight and in particular at least 80% by weight from a polyvinyl alcohol whose degree of hydrolysis is 70 to 100 mol%, preferably 80 to 90 mol%, particularly preferably 81 to 89 mol% and in particular 82 to 88 mol%.

Preferably polyvinyl alcohols of a certain molecular weight range are optionally used as coating materials, it being preferred according to the invention that the film material comprises a polyvinyl alcohol whose molecular weight is in the range of 10,000 to 100,000 gmol ^-1 , preferably 11,000 to 90,000 gmol ^-1 , particularly preferably 12,000 to 80,000 gmol ^-1 and in particular from 13,000 to 70,000 gmol ^-1 .

The polyvinyl alcohols described above are widely available commercially, for example under the trade name Mowiol ^® (Clariant). In the present invention, particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols are, for example, Mowiol ^® 3-83, Mowiol ^® 4-88, Mowiol ^® 5-88, Mowiol ^® 8-88 as well as 1648, 1734, Mowiflex LPTC 221 ex KSE as well as the compounds of Texas polymer such as Vinex 2034.

Further polyvinyl alcohols which are particularly suitable as optional coating material are shown in the following table: description Degree of hydrolysis [%] Molecular weight [kDa] Melting point [00] Airvol ^® 205 88 15-27 230 Vinex ^® 2019 88 15-27 170 Vinex ^® 2144 88 44-65 205 Vinex ^® 1025 99 15-27 170 Vinex ^® 2025 88 25-45 192 Gohsefimer ^® 5407 30-28 23,600 100 Gohsefimer ^® LL02 41 - 51 17,700 100

Other suitable as a coating material, polyvinyl alcohols are ELVANOL ^® 51-05, 52-22, 50-42, 85-82, 75-15, T-25, T-66, 90-50 (trademark of Du Pont), ALCOTEX 72.5 ^®, 78, B72, F80 / 40, F88 / 4, F88 / 26, F88 / 40, F88 / 47 (trademark of Harlow Chemical Co.), ^® Gonozoïde NK-05, A-300, AH-22, C-500, GH-20, GL-03, GM-14L, KA-20, KA-500, KH-20, KP-06, N-300, NH-26, NM11Q, KZ-06 (Trademark of Nippon Gohsei KK). Also suitable are ERKOL types from Wacker.

The Water of PVAL can be obtained by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization) or ketones (ketalization) changed become. Being particularly preferred and pronounced because of it good cold water solubility Polyvinyl alcohols have proven particularly advantageous in this case, those with the aldehyde or keto groups of saccharides or polysaccharides or mixtures thereof are acetalated or ketalized. As extremely beneficial to use are the reaction products of PVAL and starch.

Farther let yourself the water solubility by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, Change borax and so targeted to desired Set values. PVAL films are largely impermeable for gases like oxygen, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide but pass water vapor.

Other preferred optional coating materials are characterized by comprising polyvinyl pyrrolidones. Polyvinylpyrrolidones, referred to as PVP for short, can be described by the following general formula:

PVP are prepared by radical polymerization of 1-vinylpyrrolidone. commercial PVP have molecular weights in the range of preferably about 2,500 to 750,000 g / mol and are called white, hygroscopic powder or as aqueous solutions offered.

Other preferred optional coating materials are characterized by comprising polyethylene oxides. Polyethylene oxides, PEOX for short, are polyalkylene glycols of the general formula H- [O-CH ₂ -CH ₂ ] _n -OH the technically by alkaline-catalyzed polyaddition of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in mostly small amounts of water-containing systems are prepared with ethylene glycol as the starting molecule. They have molar masses in the range of about 200 to 5,000,000 g / mol, corresponding to degrees of polymerization n of about 5 to> 100,000. Polyethylene oxides have an extremely low concentration of reactive hydroxy end groups and show only weak glycol properties.

Further preferred, optional coating materials are characterized that she Include gelatin. Gelatine is a polypeptide (molecular weight: approx. 15,000 up to> 250,000 g / mol), primarily by hydrolysis of the skin and bones of animals contained collagen under acidic or alkaline conditions becomes. The amino acid composition The gelatin largely corresponds to that of the collagen from which they are made and varies depending on its provenance.

Prefers are in the context of the present invention furthermore coating materials, which is a polymer from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and Cellulose derivatives, in particular methylcellulose and mixtures thereof include.

Strength is a homoglycan, wherein the glucose units are linked α-glycosidically. Strength is composed of two components of different molecular weight: from about 20 to 30% straight-chain amylose (MW about 50,000 to 150,000) and 70 to 80% branched-chain amylopectin (M.W., about 300,000 to 2,000,000). In addition, there are still small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and Contain cations. While the amylose due to binding in the 1,4-position long, helical, entangled Branches with about 300 to 1,200 glucose molecules forms, branches the chain in amylopectin after an average of 25 glucose building blocks by 1,6-binding to a branch-like Forms with about 1,500 to 12,000 molecules of glucose. Besides pure strength are for producing water-soluble wrappings in the context of the present invention also starch derivatives suitable, the are obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions. Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products of esterification or etherification, in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. But also Strengthen, in which the hydroxy groups against functional groups that do not have a Oxygen atom bound, replaced, can be used as starch derivatives deploy. Into the group of starch derivatives fall, for example, alkali, carboxymethyl (CMS), starch ester and ethers, and amino acids.

Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n and is formally a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is composed of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of about 500 to 5,000 glucose units and therefore have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000. Cellulose-based disintegrating agents which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives obtainable by polymer-analogous reactions of cellulose. Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products of esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted. Celluloses in which the hydroxy groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses.

A suitable method for producing a depot particle according to the invention is for example a method in which a mixture of additive (s), which is highly viscous or solid at T ≤ 25 ° C, and fluid (s) brings by heating in a liquid state, and mixes this flowable mixture with a porous polymer substrate and then allowed to cool. In this way, the accessible pores can be system of the polymer substrate fully loaded if necessary and the pores are preferably also sealed when charged by cooling.

• a) ein oder mehrere gewöhnliche Fluide bei Temperaturen von 20 bis 22°C unter Rühren mit Zusatzstoff(en), die einen Fließpunkt im Bereich von 25°C bis vorzugweise 100°C aufweisen, vermischt werden, und anschließend
• b) das Gemisch auf Temperaturen im Bereich des Fließpunktes der Zusatzstoffe, vorzugsweise oberhalb des Fließbereichs, erwärmt werden, so daß ein fließfähiges Gemisch resultiert, und anschließend
• c) unter Beibehaltung der erhöhten Temperatur gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe, insbesondere waschmittelübliche Zusatzstoffe, vorteilhafterweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Zeolithe, Bentonite, Silikate, Phosphate, Harnstoff und/oder dessen Derivate, Sulfate, Carbonate, Citrate, Citronensäure, Acetate und/oder Salze der Aniontenside, einsuspendiert werden, wobei die Fließfähigkeit des Gemisches erhalten bleibt, und anschließend
• d) die fließfähige Mischung mit einem porösen Polymersubstrat bei Temperaturen von 25°-150°C vermengt wird, und man schließlich,
• e) das resultierende Gemisch erkalten läßt,

ist eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung.A method for producing a depot particle wherein, for example

• a) one or more common fluids at temperatures of 20 to 22 ° C with stirring with additive (s) having a pour point in the range of 25 ° C to preferably 100 ° C, are mixed, and then
• b) the mixture is heated to temperatures in the range of the pour point of the additives, preferably above the flow range, so that a flowable mixture results, and then
• c) while maintaining the elevated temperature optionally further additives, in particular detergent additives, advantageously selected from the group of zeolites, bentonites, silicates, phosphates, urea and / or its derivatives, sulfates, carbonates, citrates, citric acid, acetates and / or salts of Anionic surfactants, whereby the flowability of the mixture is maintained, and subsequently
• d) the flowable mixture is mixed with a porous polymer substrate at temperatures of 25 ° -150 ° C, and finally,
• e) allowing the resulting mixture to cool,

is a preferred embodiment of the invention.

If the polymer to a temperature before mixing with the flowable mixture pre-tempered from 25 ° -150 ° C is, so is a preferred embodiment.

In a preferred embodiment the cooling of the mixture is accelerated by supply of cold.

• (a) Tensiden, wie beispielsweise Alkansulfonate, Alkylethersulfate, Alkylpolyglucoside und/oder Cocoamidopropyl-Betain, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Benetzung von Spülgut und Schmutz, Ablösen von Fett und anderen Verunreinigungen,
• (b) (organische) Säuren, wie beispielsweise Citronensäure, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur pH-Werteinstellung und zur Beeinflussung des Ablaufverhaltens,
• (c) Hydrotrope, wie z.B. Cumolsulfonat, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Vermeidung von Phasentrennung,
• (d) Rückfetter, wie z.B. Fettsäureamide, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Rückfettung der Haut,
• (e) Pflegekomponenten, wie z.B. Aloe vera-Extrakte, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Pflege der Haut,
• (f) Riechstoffe (Parfüm),
• (g) Farbstoffe,
• (h) Antibakterielle Wirkstoffe, wie z.B. Natriumbenzoat oder Natriumsalicylat, vorteilhafterweise geeignet zur Keimminderung,
• (i) Konservierungsmittel.

For example, depot particles may be preferred which comprise ingredients of hand dishwashing detergents, for example selected from

• (a) surfactants, such as, for example, alkanesulfonates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl polyglucosides and / or cocoamidopropyl betaine, advantageously suitable for wetting ware and dirt, detaching grease and other impurities,
• (b) (organic) acids, such as citric acid, advantageously suitable for pH adjustment and for influencing the flow behavior,
• (c) hydrotropes, such as cumene sulphonate, advantageously suitable for preventing phase separation,
• (d) refatting agents, such as, for example, fatty acid amides, advantageously suitable for moisturizing the skin,
• (e) care components, such as aloe vera extracts, advantageously suitable for the care of the skin,
• (f) fragrances (perfume),
• (g) dyes,
• (h) antibacterial agents, such as, for example, sodium benzoate or sodium salicylate, advantageously suitable for the purpose of reducing the germs,
• (i) preservatives.

For example can Depot particles may be preferred which ingredients of machine dishwashing detergents include, e.g. selected from the following: phosphates, e.g. Pentasodium triphosphate, phosphonates, Citrates, e.g. Sodium citrate, sodium polycarboxylates, sodium metasilicate, Soda, sodium bicarbonate, sodium disilicate, active chlorine, sodium perborate, Bleach activator, e.g. TAED, enzymes, such as protease and amylase, (low foaming) nonionic surfactants, silver / glass protection, scents.

For example, depot particles may be preferred which comprise ingredients of textile detergents, for example selected from the following:
Anionic surfactants such as, for example, alkylbenzenesulfonate and / or alkylsulfate, nonionic surfactants such as preferably fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylpolyglucoside and / or fatty acid glucamide, builders such as preferably zeolite, polycarboxylate and / or sodium citrate, alkalis such as, preferably, sodium carbonate, alcohols such as, preferably, ethanol and / or glycerol, bleaching agents, such as preferably sodium perborate and / or sodium percarbonate, corrosion inhibitors, such as preferably sodium silicate, stabilizers, such as preferably phosphonates, foam inhibitors, such as preferably soap, silicone oils and / or paraffins, enzymes, such as preferably proteases, Amylases, cellulases and / or lipases, grayness inhibitor, such as preferably carboxymethylcellulose, discoloration inhibitor such as preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives, adjusting agents such as preferably sodium sulfate, fragrances, optical brighteners, such as preferably stilbene derivative and / or biphenyl derivative , Water.

For example, deposit particles comprising ingredients of general purpose cleaners, eg, selected from the following may be preferred:
Surfactants, for example alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylpolyglucosides, fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, builders such as trisodium citrate, sodium nitrilotriacetic acid, sodium phosphonate, pentasodium triphosphate, solvents and hydrotropes, such as ethanol, propylene glycol ether, sodium toluene or cumene sulfonate, fragrances, dyes , Preservative. Acid all-purpose cleaners contain acids, such as preferably acetic, citric or maleic acid. (Weak) alkaline all-purpose cleaners contain alkalis, preferably caustic soda or soda.

As has already been described is a depot particle, which at least one, preferably two or more usually in washing or Contains detergents contained substances, a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Around e.g. to further improve the storage effect of the depot particles, but also independent of it, it is possible coating the depot particles or coating with a film. Coated depot particles constitute a preferred embodiment of the invention.

The coating according to the invention may be colored substances, dyes, brighteners and / or pigments, advantageously in the nanoscale range or in the micrometer range, which corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

Depot particles according to the invention, which with a thermoplastic, such as preferably PEG, PVA, polyacrylates, PVP, carbohydrates, polyester as preferably PET are coated, represent a preferred embodiment of the invention.

to coating according to the invention can also all other coating agents be used. As a coating agent can solid and / or liquid Substances are used, preferably those which have a moisture penetration prevent or delay or prevent or delay flavor loss.

Suitable coating agents have already been described. It can e.g. water-soluble, water-dispersible and / or water-insoluble (co) polymers. The coating layer as such may e.g. be water-soluble or water-insoluble.

To a further preferred embodiment is the optional coating of the depot particles according to the invention pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive or contains pH and / or Temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive Materials. Likewise, the depot particle as such pH and / or Temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive or pH and / or temperature and / or ionic strength-sensitive materials.

• (a) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der Löslichkeit (vorzugsweise in Wasser) erfährt/-erfahren; und/oder
• (b) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der Diffusionsdichte erfährt/erfahren; und/oder
• (c) eine Änderung (Beschleunigung oder Verlangsamung) der Lösungskinetik erfährt/erfahren; und/oder
• (d) eine Änderung (Zunahme oder Abnahme) der mechanischen Stabilität erfährt/erfahren.

By the term of pH sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and / or ionic strength sensitivity is meant that the (coating or the coating forming) materials with a change in pH, temperature and / or ionic strength in the Environment to which the materials (or the coating) are exposed (is) (eg a wash liquor),

• (a) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in solubility (preferably in water); and or
• (b) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in diffusion density; and or
• (c) undergoes a change (acceleration or deceleration) in the solution kinetics; and or
• (d) undergoes a change (increase or decrease) in mechanical stability.

For the temperature sensitivity there are in addition to the above options (a) to (d), the additional option (e) according to which the (coating or the coating forming) Materials when changing the Temperature a change of the state of matter from solid to liquid or vice versa, i.e. the materials melt or solidify.

A sponge according to the invention can in principle be produced in all possible ways. It is only necessary that during manufacture the depot particles according to the invention are incorporated into the foam scaffold, so that they are anchored in the sponge. Anchored means in this context that the depot particles are incorporated so firmly into the foam framework or connected to it, that they do not trickle out completely, for example, when shaking the sponge, especially not trickling out.

Is possible e.g. a method for producing a sponge according to the invention, in which depot particles, in which at least one active substance is stored, before or during foaming a sponge resin are added to the sponge resin.

One Method in which depot particles, in which at least one Active substance is stored before or during foaming Sponge resin at temperatures below 200 ° C, preferably below 150 ° C the sponge resin to be added corresponds to a preferred embodiment.

For example For example, a sponge resin (e.g., thermoplastic) can be made to flow by heating, the flowable sponge resin (Thermoplastics) mix with the depot particles and then the Lather mixture, for example, by injecting gas. After cooling, it stands then a sponge available, the depot particle carries in itself.

One Another object of the invention is the use of a Sponge according to the invention for the treatment, in particular for the cleaning and / or care, of hard surfaces, as preferably dishes, glass, windows, ceramics, porcelain, clay, Metal, enamel, wood, painted surfaces, floors and / or plastic surfaces. Especially the use of a sponge according to the invention for the treatment, in particular for cleaning and / or care of dishes, preferably Dining and / or cookware is preferred.

It it is clear that at the aforementioned uses the depot particles of the relevant Sponges preferably contain such active ingredients, which also otherwise usefully for cleaning and / or care of the aforementioned Objects are used.

The Use of a sponge according to the invention for external cleaning and / or cosmetic care of the human or animal body Another object of the invention.

As well it is the use of a sponge according to the invention for the cleaning and / or care of automobiles by another Subject of the invention ..

Also the use of a sponge according to the invention for cleaning and / or care of textile is another object of the invention.

Also the use of a sponge for air freshening according to the invention, Air purification or air scenting is another object the invention.

The Use of the sponge according to the invention as Klostein is also another preferred subject of the Invention. An inventive cloister, e.g. for hanging in the toilet bowl or cistern, can be small amounts of acid, Surfactant and / or perfume and thereby the preparation of soiling slow it down.

One Another object of the invention is a process for textile treatment in an automatic clothes dryer, in which a sponge according to the invention to the laundry to be dried in put the dryer, where you have on the sponge, if necessary, in addition a previously liquid advantageously containing preservatives and / or fragrances.

One Another object of the invention is also a process for textile treatment in an automatic washing machine, in which one sponge according to the invention to the laundry to be washed put into the drum, taking on the sponge, if necessary, in addition a previously liquid advantageously containing preservatives and / or fragrances.

As has already been described, represents a sponge according to the invention, the depot particle contains which at least one, preferably two or more usually in washing or Contains detergents contained substances, a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Therefore, some ingredients of detergents or cleaning agents will be described in more detail below, which advantageously advantageously contained in depot particles of a sponge according to the invention can be.

To These optional ingredients include the builders. To the builders counting in particular the zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and -where no ecological Prejudices against their use exist - also the phosphates.

The usable finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite is preferably zeolite A and / or P. As zeolite P zeolite MAP ^® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred. Also suitable, however, are zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P. Commercially available and preferably usable in the context of the present invention is, for example, a cocrystal of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) which is marketed by CONDEA August SpA under the trade name AX VEGOBOND ^® and by the formula), n Na ₂ O • (1-n) K ₂ O • Al ₂ O ₃ • (2-2.5) SiO ₂ • (3.5-5.5) H ₂ O can be described. Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of preferably less than 10 μm (volume distribution, measuring method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.

Suitable crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} H ₂ O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are. Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M is sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3. In particular, both β- and δ-sodium disilicates Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ .yH ₂ O are preferred.

With particular preference it is also possible to use crystalline layer-form silicates of the general formula NaMSi _x O ₂ × _{+ 1} .yH ₂ O, in which M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 22, preferably from 1.9 to 4, and y is a number from 0 to 33. The crystalline layer-form silicates of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O are sold, for example, by the company Clariant GmbH (Germany) under the trade name Na-SKS. Examples of these silicates are Na-SKS-1 (Na ₂ Si ₂₂ O ₄₅ .xH ₂ O, Kenyaite), Na-SKS-2 (Na ₂ Si ₁₄ O ₂₉ .xH ₂ O, magadiite), Na-SKS -3 (Na ₂ Si ₈ O ₁₇ .xH ₂ O) or Na-SKS-4 (Na ₂ Si ₄ O ₉ .xH ₂ O, Makatite).

Also particularly suitable are crystalline phyllosilicates of the formula NaMSi _x O _{2x + 1} .yH ₂ O, in which x is 2. Of these, especially Na-SKS-5 (α-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ), Na-SKS-7 (β-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ , natrosilite), Na-SKS-9 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ · H ₂ O), Na-SKS-10 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ · 3 H ₂ O, kanemite), Na-SKS-11 (t-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅₎ and Na-SKS-13 (NaHSi ₂ O ₅ ), but especially Na-SKS-6 (δ-Na ₂ Si ₂ O ₅ ).

It is also possible to use amorphous sodium silicates with a Na ₂ O: SiO ₂ modulus of from 1: 2 to 1: 3.3, preferably from 1: 2 to 1: 2.8 and in particular from 1: 2 to 1: 2.6, which Delayed and have secondary washing properties. The dissolution delay compared with conventional amorphous sodium silicates may have been caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compaction / densification or by overdrying. In the context of this invention, the term "amorphous" is also understood to mean "X-ray amorphous". This means that the silicates do not yield sharp X-ray reflections typical of crystalline substances in X-ray diffraction experiments, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays having a width of several degrees of diffraction angle. However, it may well even lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide blurred or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments. This is to be interpreted as meaning that the products have microcrystalline regions of the size of ten to a few hundred nm, values of up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred. Such so-called X-ray amorphous silicates also have a dissolution delay compared to the conventional water glasses. Particularly preferred are compacted / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and overdried X-ray amorphous silicates.

in the Within the scope of the present invention, it may be preferred that the sponge according to the invention Contains depot particles, which silicate (s), preferably alkali metal silicates, are particularly preferred crystalline or amorphous alkali disilicates, e.g. in quantities from 10 to 60 wt .-%, preferably from 15 to 50 wt .-% and in particular from 20 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the relevant Depot particles.

Of course, a use of the well-known phosphates as builders is possible, unless such use should not be avoided for environmental reasons. This applies in particular to the use of sponges according to the invention in connection with dishwashing. Under Of the large number of commercially available phosphates, the alkali metal phosphates, with particular preference of pentasodium or Pentakaliumtriphosphat (sodium or Kaliumtripolyphosphat the greatest importance.

Alkali metal phosphates is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO ₃ ) _n and orthophosphoric H ₃ PO _{4 in} addition to higher molecular weight representatives. The phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.

Suitable phosphates are, for example, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH ₂ PO ₄ , in the form of the dihydrate (density 1.91 gcm ^-3 , melting point 60 ° C) or in the form of monohydrate (density 2.04 gcm ^3- ), the disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate Na ₂ HPO ₄ , which is anhydrous or 2 moles (density 2.066 gcm ^-3 , loss of water at 95 ° C), 7 moles (density 1.68 gcm ^-3 , melting point 48 ° C with loss of 5 H ₂ O) and 12 moles of water (density 1.52 gcm ^-3 , melting point 35 ° C with loss of 5 H ₂ O) can be used, but especially the trisodium phosphate (tertiary sodium phosphate) Na ₃ PO ₄ , which as dodecahydrate, as decahydrate (corresponding 19-20% P ₂ O ₅ ) and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P ₂ O ₅ ) can be used.

Another preferred phosphate is the tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K ₃ PO ₄ . Also preferred are the tetrasodium diphosphate (sodium pyrophosphate), Na ₄ P ₂ O ₇ , which is in anhydrous form (density 2.534 gcm ^-3 , melting point 988 ° C, also indicated 880 ° C) and as decahydrate (density 1.815-1.836 gcm ^-3 , Melting point 94 ° C with loss of water), and the corresponding potassium salt potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), K ₄ P ₂ O ₇ .

The technically important pentasodium triphosphate, Na ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (sodium tripolyphosphate), is an anhydrous or with 6 H ₂ O crystallizing, non-hygroscopic, colorless, water-soluble salt of the general formula NaO- [P (O) (ONa) -O] _n -Na with n = 3. The corresponding potassium salt pentapotassium triphosphate, K ₅ P ₃ O ₁₀ (potassium tripolyphosphate), is marketed, for example, in the form of a 50% strength by weight solution (> 23% P ₂ O ₅ , 25% K ₂ O). The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH: (NaPO ₃ ) ₃ + 2 KOH → Na ₃ K ₂ P ₃ O ₁₀ + H ₂ O

These are exact according to the invention such as sodium tripolyphosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures can be used from these two; also mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate or mixtures of sodium tripolyphosphate and potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium potassium tripolyphosphate used according to the invention.

Become in the context of the present application phosphates as washing or cleaning active Substances used in depot particles according to the invention sponges, so included preferred depot particles are these phosphate (s), preferably alkali metal phosphate (s), particularly preferably pentasodium or pentapotassium triphosphate (sodium or potassium tripolyphosphate), e.g. in amounts of from 5 to 80% by weight, preferably from 15 to 75% by weight and especially from 20 to 70 Wt .-%, respectively based on the weight of the relevant depot particles.

Prefers it is in particular potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate in a weight ratio of more than 1: 1, preferably more than 2: 1, preferably more than 5: 1, more preferably more than 10: 1 and in particular more than 20: 1 use. Particularly preferred is exclusively potassium tripolyphosphate to use without admixtures of other phosphates.

Further optional builders are the alkali carriers. As alkali carrier For example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, Alkali metal bicarbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, the mentioned alkali metal silicates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of aforementioned substances, wherein for the purposes of this invention preferably the Alkali carbonates, especially sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate.

Especially preferred is a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate. Also particularly preferred is a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate.

by virtue of their low chemical compared to other builders compatibility with other ingredients, the alkali metal hydroxides, if any, preferably only in small amounts, preferably in amounts below 10 wt .-%, preferably below 6 wt .-%, more preferably below 4 Wt .-% and in particular below 2 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the depot particles in question. Especially Depot particles are preferred, which are less based on their total weight contain as 0.5 wt .-% and in particular no alkali metal hydroxides.

Especially the use of carbonate (s) and / or bicarbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably sodium carbonate, e.g. in amounts of from 2 to 50% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight and in particular from 7.5 to 30 wt .-%, each based on the Weight of the relevant depot particles. Especially preferred can Depot particles which, based on their weight less than 20 Wt .-%, preferably less than 17 wt .-%, preferably less than 13 wt .-% and in particular less than 9 wt .-% of carbonate (s) and / or Hydrogen carbonate (s), preferably alkali metal carbonate (s), more preferably Sodium carbonate included.

When optional organic cobuilders are in particular polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, Polyacetates, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) as well as phosphonates. These classes of substances are hereafter described.

useful optional organic builders For example, they can be used in the form of their sodium salts polycarboxylic where among polycarboxylic acids such carboxylic acids be understood that carry more than one acid function. For example these are citric acid, adipic acid, Succinic acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sugar acids, aminocarboxylic acids, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), if such an application for ecological reasons not is objectionable, as well as mixtures of these. Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids like citric acid, Adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and Mixtures of these.

Also the acids in itself can optionally used. The acids have besides their builder effect typically also the property of an acidifying component and serve thus also for setting a lower and milder pH value. In particular, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and to name any mixtures of these.

When optional builders are further polymeric polycarboxylates suitable, these are for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight from 500 to 70000 g / mol.

For the purposes of this document, the molecular weights stated for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M _{w of} the particular acid form, which were determined in principle by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship with the polymers investigated. These data differ significantly from the molecular weight data, in which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molar masses measured against polystyrenesulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights specified in this document.

suitable Polymers are in particular polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular mass of 2000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility can from this group again the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and more preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may be preferred.

Suitable are furthermore copolymeric polycarboxylates, especially those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid. Particularly suitable are copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid. Your molecular weight, based on free acids, is in general from 2000 to 70000 g / mol, preferably from 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.

Of the Content of optional (co) polymeric polycarboxylates may be included in the Depot particles concerned preferably 0.5 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 3 to 10 wt .-% amount.

To improve the water solubility, the polymers may also allylsulfonic such as beispielwei Allyloxybenzolsulfonsäure and Methallylsulfonsäure, as a monomer.

Especially Biodegradable polymers of more than two are also preferred various monomer units, for example, those as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid and vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or as monomers Salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallyl sulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.

Further preferred copolymers are those which are preferably used as monomers Acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate.

As well are as further preferred builders polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids whose Salts or their precursors to call. Particular preference is given to polyaspartic acids or their salts.

Further Suitable builders are polyacetals, which by reaction of dialdehydes with polyol carboxylic acids containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups can be obtained. preferred Polyacetals are made from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalic aldehyde and mixtures thereof and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic receive.

Further suitable organic builders are dextrins, for example Oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates by partial Hydrolysis of starches can be obtained. The hydrolysis can be carried out according to usual, for example acidic or enzyme-catalyzed processes. Preferably These are hydrolysis products with average molecular weights in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol. It is a polysaccharide with a Dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular from 2 to 30 preferred where DE is a common one Measure of the reducing Effect of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which DE of 100 is.

Useful are both maltodextrins with a DE between 3 and 20 and dry glucose syrups with a DE between 20 and 37 as well as so-called yellow dextrins and white dextrins with higher Molar masses in the range of 2000 to 30,000 g / mol.

at the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidants, which are able are at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function to oxidize.

Also Oxydisuccinates and other derivatives of disuccinates, preferably Ethylenediamine disuccinate are other suitable cobuilders. there For example, ethylenediamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably in the form its sodium or magnesium salts used. Further preferred are in this context also glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates. Suitable amounts used, in particular in zeolite-containing and / or silicate-containing Formulations, can e.g. at 3 to 15 wt .-% are.

Further useful organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxy or their salts, which may also be present in lactone form can and which at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxy group and a maximum of two acid groups contain.

Furthermore can all compounds that are capable of complexes with alkaline earth ions train as builders be used.

All the aforementioned builders or builders can optionally be contained in depot particles of sponges according to the invention. The depot particles can optional also be free from it.

to Group of surfactants which are optionally contained in depot particles of sponges according to the invention can, In particular, the nonionic, the anionic, the cationic and the amphoteric surfactants counted.

As optional nonionic surfactants, it is possible to use all nonionic surfactants known to the person skilled in the art. As preferred nonionic surfactants, for example, low-foaming nonionic surfactants can be used. With particular preference may be nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols. As nonionic surfactants are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and on average 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) are used per mole of alcohol in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as they are usually present in Oxoalkoholresten. In particular, however, alcohol ethoxylates with linear radicals of alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example of coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and on average 2 to 8 moles of EO per mole of alcohol are preferred. The preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C _12-14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C _9-11 alcohols with 7 EO, C _13-15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 E0, 7 EO or 8 EO, C _12-18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C _12-18 -alcohol with 3 EO and C _12-18 -alcohol with 5 EO. The stated degrees of ethoxylation represent statistical averages, which may correspond to a particular product of an integer or a fractional number. Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE). In addition to these nonionic surfactants, fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.

In addition, as nonionic surfactants and alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) _x can be used in which R is a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, especially methyl-branched in the 2-position aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G the symbol is that which represents a glycose unit having 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x, which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; preferably x is 1.2 to 1.4.

A another class of preferably usable nonionic surfactants, the either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination can be used with other nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

Also nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type, for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamide can be suitable. The amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half from that.

in der R für einen aliphatischen Acylrest mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für Wasserstoff, einen Alkyl- oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen und [Z] für einen linearen oder verzweigten Polyhydroxyalkylrest mit 3 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und 3 bis 10 Hydroxylgruppen steht. Bei den Polyhydroxyfettsäureamiden handelt es sich um bekannte Stoffe, die üblicherweise durch reduktive Aminierung eines reduzierenden Zuckers mit Ammoniak, einem Alkylamin oder einem Alkanolamin und nachfolgende Acylierung mit einer Fettsäure, einem Fettsäurealkylester oder einem Fettsäurechlorid erhalten werden können.Further suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula

wherein R is an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] is a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups. The polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.

in der R für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkyl- oder Alkenylrest mit 7 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, R¹ für einen linearen, verzweigten oder zyklischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest mit 2 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen und R² für einen linearen, verzweigten oder zyklischen Alkylrest oder einen Arylrest oder einen Oxy-Alkylrest mit 1 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, wobei C_1-4-Alkyl- oder Phenylreste bevorzugt sind und [Z] für einen linearen Polyhydroxyalkylrest steht, dessen Alkylkette mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen substituiert ist, oder alkoxylierte, vorzugsweise ethoxylierte oder propxylierte Derivate dieses Restes.The group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula

R is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, R ^{1 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and R ^{2 is} a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxyalkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, with C _1-4 alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred and [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated Derivatives of this residue.

[Z] is preferably by reductive amination of a reduced sugar obtained, for example, glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, Mannose or xylose. The N-alkoxy or N-aryl-oxy-substituted compounds can be prepared by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as a catalyst in the desired Polyhydroxyfatty acid amides are transferred.

With particular preference, it is also possible to use surfactants which contain one or more tallow fatty alcohols containing 20 to 30 EO in combination with a silicone defoamer.

nonionic surfactants from the group of alkoxylated alcohols, particularly preferably from the group of mixed alkoxylated alcohols and in particular from the group of EO-AO-EO-Niotenside, are also with special Preference used.

Especially preferred are nonionic surfactants which have a melting point above Have room temperature. Nonionic surfactant (s) having a melting point above 20 ° C, preferably above 25 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 60 ° C and especially between 26.6 and 43.3 ° C, is / are particularly preferred.

suitable nonionic surfactants, the melting or softening points in said Temperature range, for example, low-foaming nonionic Surfactants which may be solid or highly viscous at room temperature. Become Used nonionic surfactants which are highly viscous at room temperature, so it is preferred that these a viscosity above 20 Pa · s, preferably above 35 Pa · s and especially above 40 Pa · s exhibit. Also nonionic surfactants, the waxy consistency at room temperature own, are preferred.

Prefers surfactants to be used which are solid at room temperature from the groups of the alkoxylated nonionic surfactants, in particular the ethoxylated primary Alcohols and mixtures of these surfactants with structurally complicated built-up surfactants such as polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / poly-oxypropylene ((PO / EO / PO) surfactants). Such (PO / EO / PO) nonionic surfactants stand out about it out by good foam control.

In a preferred embodiment The present invention is the nonionic surfactant having a Melting point above room temperature an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, that from the reaction of a monohydroxyalkanol or alkylphenol with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably at least 12 mol, more preferably at least 15 moles, in particular at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide per Mol alcohol or alkylphenol emerged.

A particularly preferred room temperature solid nonionic surfactant is obtained from a straight chain fatty alcohol having 16 to 20 carbon atoms (C _16-40 alcohol), preferably a C ₁₈ alcohol and at least 12 moles, preferably at least 15 moles and especially at least 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Of these, the so-called "narrow range ethoxylates" (see above) are particularly preferred.

With particular preference may ethoxylated nonionic surfactants consisting of C _6-20 monohydroxyalkanols or C _6-20 alkylphenols or C _16-20 fatty alcohols and more than 12 moles, preferably more than 15 moles and especially more than 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol were used.

The nonionic surfactant solid at room temperature preferably additionally has propylene oxide units in the molecule. Preferably, such PO units make up to 25% by weight, especially preferably up to 20 wt .-% and in particular up to 15 wt .-% of total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant. Especially preferred nonionic surfactants are ethoxylated monohydroxyalkanols or Alkylphenols, in addition Having polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymer units. The alcohol or alkylphenol part of such nonionic surfactant molecules makes preferably more than 30 wt .-%, more preferably more than 50% by weight and in particular more than 70% by weight of the total molecular weight such nonionic surfactants. Preference is given to ethoxylated and propoxylated Nonionic surfactants may be included, in which the propylene oxide in the molecule up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and in particular to to 15% by weight of the total molecular weight of the nonionic surfactant.

Further especially preferred nonionic surfactants with melting points above room temperature contain from 40 to 70% of a polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer blend, the 75% by weight of a reverse block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 44 moles of propylene oxide and 25% by weight of a block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene initiated with trimethylolpropane and containing 24 moles of ethylene oxide and 99 moles of propylene oxide per mole Trimethylolpropane contains.

Nonionic surfactants that may be used with particular preference are available, for example under the name Poly Tergent ^® SLF-18 from Olin Chemicals.

Surfactants of the formula

• R ₁₀ [CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O] _x [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _y CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² ,

in which R ^{1 is} a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, R ² denotes a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof and x for values between 0.5 and 1.5 and y is a value of at least 15 are further particularly preferred nonionic surfactants.

Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ² , in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5. When the value x ≥ 2, each R ³ in the above formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ^{2 may be} different. R ¹ and R ² are preferably linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, with radicals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms being particularly preferred. For the radical R ³ , H, -CH ₃ or -CH ₂ CH _{3 are} particularly preferred. Particularly preferred values for x are in the range from 1 to 20, in particular from 6 to 15.

As described above, each R ³ in the above formula may be different if x ≥ 2. As a result, the alkylene oxide unit in the square bracket can be varied. For example, when x is 3, the radical R ³ can be selected to form ethylene oxide (R ³ = H) or propylene oxide (R ³ = CH ₃ ) units which may be joined in any order, for example (EO) ( PO) (EO), (EO) (EO) (PO), (EO) (EO) (EO), (PO) (EO) (PO), (PO) (PO) (EO) and (PO) ( PO) (PO). The value 3 for x has been selected here by way of example and may well be greater, with the variation width increasing with increasing x values and including, for example, a large number (EO) groups combined with a small number (PO) groups, or vice versa ,

Particularly preferred end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) alcohols of the above formula have values of k = 1 and j = 1, so that the above formula zu R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ² simplified. In the latter formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} as defined above and x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18. Particularly preferred are surfactants in which the radicals R ¹ and R ^{2 has} 9 to 14 C atoms, R ^{3 is} H and x assumes values of 6 to 15.

Summarizing the latter statements, end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x [CH ₂ ] _k CH (OH) [CH ₂ ] _j OR ² , in which R ¹ and R ^{2 are} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n- Butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2-butyl radical, x are values between 1 and 30, k and j are values between 1 and 12, preferably between 1 and 5, preference being given to surfactants of the type R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) CH ₂ OR ² , in which x is from 1 to 30, preferably from 1 to 20 and in particular from 6 to 18, are particularly preferred.

bevorzugt, in der R¹ für einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten C_6-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest steht; jede Gruppe R² bzw. R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH₃, -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂-CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂ und die Indizes w, x, y, z unabhängig voneinander für ganze Zahlen von 1 bis 6 stehen.In the context of the present invention, particularly preferred nonionic surfactants have been low foaming nonionic surfactants which have alternating ethylene oxide and alkylene oxide units. Among these, in turn, surfactants with EO-AO-EO-AO blocks are preferred, wherein in each case one to ten EO or AO groups are bonded to each other before a block of the other groups follows. Here are nonionic surfactants of the general formula

in which R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated C _6-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical; each group R ² or R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and the indices w, x, y, z independently stand for integers from 1 to 6.

The preferred nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be prepared by known methods from the corresponding alcohols R ¹ -OH and ethylene or alkylene oxide. The radical R ¹ in the above formula may vary depending on the origin of the alcohol. If native sources are used, the radical R ^{1 has} an even number of carbon atoms and is usually unbranched, the linear radicals being selected from alcohols of natural origin having 12 to 18 C atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or Oleyl alcohol, are preferred. Alcohols which are accessible from synthetic sources are, for example, the Guerbet alcohols or methyl-branched or linear and methyl-branched radicals in the 2-position in the mixture, as they are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals. Irrespective of the type of alcohol used to prepare the nonionic surfactants optionally contained in the compositions, preference is given to nonionic surfactants in which R ¹ in the above formula is an alkyl radical having 6 to 24, preferably 8 to 20, particularly preferably 9 to 15 and in particular 9 to 11 carbon atoms.

As the alkylene oxide unit which is contained in the preferred nonionic surfactants in alternation with the ethylene oxide unit, in particular butylene oxide is considered in addition to propylene oxide. But also other alkylene oxides in which R ² or R ^{3 are} independently selected from -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ or CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ are suitable. Preference is given to using nonionic surfactants of the above formula in which R ² or R ^{3 is} a radical -CH ₃ , w and x independently of one another for values of 3 or 4 and y and z independently of one another are values of 1 or 2.

Nonionic surfactants are summarize, particularly preferably having a C _9-15 alkyl group having 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 ethylene oxide units, followed by 1 to 4 propylene oxide units. These surfactants have the required low viscosity in aqueous solution and can be used according to the invention with particular preference.

Other preferred nonionic surfactants are the end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH (R ³ ) O] _x R ² , in which R ^{1 represents} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R ^{2 represents} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably between 1 and have 5 hydroxy groups and are preferably further functionalized with an ether group, R ^{3 is} H or a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl or 2-methyl-2- Butyl radical and x stands for values between 1 and 40.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present application, R ³ in the abovementioned general formula is H. From the group of the resulting end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x R ² In particular those nonionic surfactants are preferred in which R ^{1 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R ^{2 is} linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which preferably have between 1 and 5 hydroxyl groups and x stands for values between 1 and 40.

In particular, those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants are preferred which are in accordance with the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² in addition to a radical R ¹ , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, furthermore a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R ² having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is a monohydroxylated intermediate group - OH ₂ OH (OH) - adjacent. x in this formula stands for values between 1 and 90.

Particular preference is given to nonionic surfactants of the general formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² , which in addition to a radical R ¹ , which is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, further a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical R ² having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 22 carbon atoms, which is adjacent to a monohydroxylated intermediate group -CH ₂ CH (OH) - and in which x is between 40 and 80, preferably between 40 and 60.

The corresponding end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the above formula can be obtained, for example, by reacting a terminal epoxide of the formula R ² CH (O) CH ₂ an ethoxylated alcohol of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x-1 CH ₂ CH ₂ OH.

in der R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ein- bzw. mehrfach ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 2 bis 26 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus -CH₃ -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂-CH₃, CH(CH₃)₂, vorzugsweise jedoch für -CH₃ steht, und x und y unabhängig voneinander für Werte zwischen 1 und 32 stehen, sind erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, wobei Niotenside mit Werten für x von 15 bis 32 und y von 0,5 und 1,5 ganz besonders bevorzugt sind.Particular preference is furthermore given to those end-capped poly (oxyalkylated) nonionic surfactants of the formula R ¹ O [CH ₂ CH ₂ O] _x [CH ₂ CH (CH ₃ ) O] _y CH ₂ CH (OH) R ² , in which R ¹ and R ² independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , but preferably -CH ₃ , and x and y are independently of one another values between 1 and 32, nonionic surfactants having values for x of 15 to 32 and y of 0, 5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred. Surfactants of the general formula

in which R ¹ and R ² independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 26 carbon atoms, R ^{3 is} independently selected from -CH ₃ -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ -CH ₃ , CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ , but preferably represents -CH ₃ , and x and y independently of one another are values between 1 and 32 are preferred according to the invention, wherein nonionic surfactants with values of x from 15 to 32 and y of 0.5 and 1.5 are very particularly preferred.

The specified C chain lengths and degrees of ethoxylation or degrees of alkoxylation of the abovementioned Nonionic surfactants represent statistical averages that are suitable for a specific Product can be a whole or a fractional number. by virtue of the manufacturing process consist of commercial products of the formulas mentioned mostly not from an individual representative, but from mixtures, which is responsible for both the C chain lengths as well as for the degrees of ethoxylation or alkoxylation-averaged mean values and resulting in fractional numbers.

Of course, the aforementioned optional nonionic surfactants not only as individual substances, but also as surfactant mixtures of two, three, four or more surfactants be used. As surfactant mixtures are not mixtures nonionic surfactants referred to in their entirety one of the above general formulas, but rather such mixtures, the two, three, four or more nonionic Surfactants containing by different of the aforementioned general formulas can be described.

Especially All of the aforementioned nonionic surfactants may optionally be in depot particles Contain sponges according to the invention be. The depot particles can optional also be free from it.

As optional anionic surfactants, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfates type can be used. As surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C _9-13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, as they are, for example, from C _12-18 monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation obtained. Also suitable are alkanesulfonates which are obtained from C _12-18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization. Likewise, the esters of α-sulfo fatty acids (ester sulfonates), for example the α-sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids are suitable.

Further Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters. Among fatty acid glycerol esters are to understand the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, such as they are produced by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol to be obtained. Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are included the sulphonated products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example the caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or Behenic acid.

Alk (en) ylsulfates are the alkali metal salts and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric monoesters of C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohols, for example coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of these chain lengths are preferred. Also preferred are alk (en) ylsulfates of said chain length, which is a syntheti rule, produced on a petrochemical basis straight-chain alkyl radical, which have an analogous degradation behavior as the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials. Of washing technology interest, the C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₂ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates and C ₁₄ -C ₁₅ alkyl sulfates are preferred. Also 2,3-alkyl sulfates, which can be obtained as commercial products of Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ^® , are suitable anionic surfactants.

The sulfuric acid monoesters of straight-chain or branched C _7-21 -alcohols ethoxylated with from 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide, such as 2-methyl-branched C _9-11- alcohols having on average 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C _12-18 . Fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols. Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C _8-18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures of these. Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which by themselves are nonionic surfactants. Sulfosuccinates, whose fatty alcohol residues are derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a narrow homolog distribution, are again particularly preferred. Likewise, it is also possible to use alk (en) ylsuccinic acid having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.

When other anionic surfactants are especially soaps into consideration. Suitable are saturated fatty acid soaps, like the salts of lauric acid, myristic, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid and in particular of natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.

The including anionic surfactants the soaps can in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine. The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.

Especially All of the aforementioned anionic surfactants may optionally be in depot particles Contain sponges according to the invention be. The depot particles can optional also be free from it.

Of the Anion surfactant content of depot particles according to the invention can e.g. in the range of preferably 1-60% by weight, advantageously 5-40% by weight, especially 10-30 wt .-% are.

At Location of said surfactants or in conjunction with them may be optional it is also possible to use cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants. The Depot particles can optional also be free from it.

worin jede Gruppe R¹ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus C_1-6-Alkyl-, -Alkenyl- oder – Hydroxyalkylgruppen; jede Gruppe R² unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt ist aus C_8-28-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylgruppen; R³ = R¹ oder (CH₂)_n-T-R²; R⁴ = R¹ oder R² oder (CH₂)_n-T-R²; T = -CH₂-, -O-CO- oder -CO-O- und n eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 5 ist.As cationic active substances, for example, cationic compounds of the following formulas can be used:

wherein each R ^{1 group is} independently selected from C _1-6 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl groups; each R ^{2 group is} independently selected from C _8-28 alkyl or alkenyl groups; R ³ = R ¹ or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; R ⁴ = R ¹ or R ² or (CH ₂ ) _n -TR ² ; T = -CH ₂ -, -O-CO- or -CO-O- and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

Of the Content of cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants in depot particles according to the invention can preferably less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight, most preferably less than 2 wt .-% and in particular less than 1 wt .-%, based on the depot particles in question. It may also be preferred that none cationic or amphoteric surfactants are included.

to Group of such polymers, in the form of depot particles in one sponge according to the invention can be included counting in particular the washing or cleaning Poylmere, for example as a softener effective polymers. In general, in addition to nonionic polymers also cationic, anionic and amphoteric polymers can be used.

"Cationic Polymers "are polymers, which carry a positive charge in the polymer molecule. This can for example by (alkyl) ammonium groups present in the polymer chain or other positively charged groups. Especially preferred cationic polymers are from the groups of the quaternized Cellulose derivatives, the polysiloxanes with quaternary groups, the cationic guar derivatives, the polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and their copolymers with esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, the copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternized derivatives the dialkylamino acrylate and methacrylate, the vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, the quaternized polyvinyl alcohols or the INCI names Polyquaternium 2, Polyquaternium 17, Polyquaternium 18 and Polyquaternium 27 indicated polymers.

"Amphorere Poylmere "in the sense of the present invention have besides a positively charged group in the polymer chain also negatively charged groups or On monomer units. These groups may be, for example to carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids or phosphonic acids act.

Preference may be given to containing a polymer which has monomer units of the formula R ¹ R ² C =CR ³ R ⁴ , in which each R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^{4 is} independently selected from hydrogen, derivatized hydroxy group, C _{1 -30} linear or branched alkyl groups, aryl, aryl substituted C _1-30 linear or branched alkyl groups, polyalkoyxylierte alkyl groups, heteroatomic organic groups having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least one quaternized N atom or at least one amino group having a positive charge in Part of the pH range of 2 to 11, or salts thereof, with the proviso that at least one radical R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ^{4 is} a heteroatomic organic group having at least one positive charge without charged nitrogen, at least one quaternized N Atom or at least one amino group having a positive charge.

bei der R¹ und R⁴ unabhängig voneinander für H oder einen linearen oder verzweigten Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen steht; R² und R³ unabhängig voneinander für eine Alkyl-, Hy-droxyalkyl-, oder Aminoalkylgruppe stehen, in denen der Alkylrest linear oder verzweigt ist und zwischen 1 und 6 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweist, wobei es sich vorzugsweise um eine Methylgruppe handelt; x und y unabhängig voneinander für ganze Zahlen zwischen 1 und 3 stehen. X repräsentiert ein Gegenion, vorzugsweise ein Gegenion aus der Gruppe Chlorid, Bromid, Iodid, Sulfat, Hydrogensulfat, Methosulfat, Laurylsulfat, Dodecylbenzolsulfonat, p-Toluolsulfonat (Tosylat), Cumolsulfonat, Xylolsulfonat, Phosphat, Citrat, Formiat, Acetat oder deren Mischungen.Particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain as monomer unit a compound of the general formula

in which R ¹ and R ⁴ are each independently H or a linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R ² and R ³ independently represent an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or aminoalkyl group in which the alkyl group is linear or branched and has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl group; x and y independently represent integers between 1 and 3. X represents a counterion, preferably a counterion from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, methosulfate, lauryl sulfate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), cumene sulfonate, xylenesulfonate, phosphate, citrate, formate, acetate or mixtures thereof.

Preferred radicals R ¹ and R ⁴ in the above formula are selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , and - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _n H.

werden im Falle von X= Chlorid auch als DADMAC (Diallyldimethylammonium-Chlorid) bezeichnet.Very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R ¹ and R ^{4 are} H, R ² and R ^{3 are} methyl and x and y are each 1. The corresponding monomer unit of the formula

in the case of X = chloride, they are also referred to as DADMAC (diallyldimethylammonium chloride).

in der R¹, R², R³, R⁴ und R⁵ unabhängig voneinander für einen linearen oder verzweigten, gesättigten oder ungesättigen Alkyl-, oder Hydroxyalkylrest mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise für einen linearen oder verzweigten Alkylrest ausgewählt aus -CH₃, -CH₂-CH₃, -CH₂-CH₂-CH₃, -CH(CH₃)-CH₃, -CH₂-OH, -CH₂-CH₂-OH, -CH(OH)-CH₃, -CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH, -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₃, -CH(OH)-CH₂-CH₃, und -(CH₂CH₂-O)_nH steht und x für eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 6 steht.Further particularly preferred cationic or amphoteric polymers contain a monomer unit of the general formula

in which R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ independently of one another are a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , and - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _n H and x is an integer between 1 and 6.

werden im Falle von X^–= Chlorid auch als MAPTAC (Methyacrylamidopropyl-trimethylammonium-Chlorid) bezeichnet.For the purposes of the present application, very particular preference is given to polymers which have a cationic monomer unit of the above general formula in which R ^{1 is} H and R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ and R ^{5 are} methyl and x is 3. The corresponding monomer units of the formula

in the case of X ^- = chloride, also referred to as MAPTAC (methylacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride).

According to the invention preferred can Polymers are used which are diallyldimethylammonium salts as monomer units and / or acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium salts.

The previously mentioned Amphoteric polymers have not only cationic groups, but also anionic groups or monomer units. Such anionic For example, monomer units are from the linear group or branched, saturated or unsaturated Carboxylates, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Phosphonates, which are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Sulfates or the linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated Sulfonates. Preferred monomer units are the acrylic acid, the (Meth) acrylic acid, the (dimethyl) acrylic acid, the (ethyl) acrylic acid, the cyanoacrylic acid, the vinylessing acid, the allylacetic acid, the crotonic acid, the maleic acid, the fumaric acid, the cinnamic acid and their derivatives, the allylsulfonic acids, such as allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallyl or the allylphosphonic acids.

preferred usable amphoteric polymers are from the group of alkylacrylamide / acrylic-acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / acrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / methylmethacrylic acid / alkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers, the alkylacrylamide / al-kymethacrylate / alkylaminoethylmethacrylate / alkylmethacrylate copolymers as well as the copolymer of unsaturated Carboxylic acids, cationically derivatized unsaturated carboxylic acids and optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers.

Prefers usable zwitterionic polymers are from the group of Acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers and their Alkali and ammonium salts, the acrylamidoalkyltrialkylammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts and the Methacroylethylbetain / methacrylate copolymers.

Prefers are further amphoteric polymers, which in addition to one or more anionic monomers as cationic monomers Methacrylamidoalkyl-trialkylammonium chloride and dimethyl (di-allyl) ammonium chloride.

Particularly preferred amphoteric polymers are from the group of Methacrylamidoalkyl-trial kylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, the Methacrylami-doalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / methacrylic acid copolymers and the Methacrylamidoalkyltrialkylammoniumchlorid / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali metal and ammonium salts ,

Especially amphoteric polymers from the group of methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / acrylic acid copolymers are preferred and the methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / dimethyl (diallyl) ammonium chloride / alkyl (meth) acrylic acid copolymers and their alkali and ammonium salts.

When softeners effective polymers are, for example, the sulfonic acid-containing Polymers which are used with particular preference.

Especially preferably as sulfonic acid-containing Polymers can be used are copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids containing sulfonic acid groups Monomers and optionally further ionic or nonionic Monomers.

In the context of the present invention are as unsaturated monomer carboxylic acids of the formula R ¹ (R ² ) C = C (R ³ ) COOH in which R ¹ to R ³ independently of one another are -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or for -COOH or -COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Among the unsaturated carboxylic acids which can be described by the above formula, especially acrylic acid (R ¹ = R ² = R ³ = H), methacrylic acid (R ¹ = R ² = H; R ³ = CH ₃₎ and / or maleic acid (R ¹ = COOH; R ² = R ³ = H) is preferred.

In the sulfonic acid-containing monomers are those of the formula R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H in which R ⁵ to R ⁷ independently of one another are -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals or -COOH or -COOR ⁴ , wherein R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Preferred among these monomers are those of the formulas H ₂ C = CH-X-SO ₃ HH ₂ C = C (CH ₃₎ -X-SO ₃ H HO ₃ SX (R ⁶⁾ C = C (R ⁷⁾ -X-SO ₃ H, in which R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently selected from -H, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -.

Especially preferred sulfonic acid group-containing Monomers are 1-acrylamido-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamido 2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, methallyloxybenzenesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3- (2-propenyloxy) propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 3-sulfopropyl acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, Sulfomethacrylamide, sulfomethylmethacrylamide and water-soluble salts of mentioned acids.

Particularly suitable other ionic or nonionic monomers are ethylenically unsaturated compounds. The content of the polymers which can be used in these other ionic or nonionic monomers is preferably less than 20% by weight, based on the polymer. Particularly preferred polymers to be used consist only of monomers of the formula R ¹ (R ² ) C =C (R ³ ) COOH and monomers of the formula R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C =C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H.

• i) ungesättigten Carbonsäuren der Formel R¹(R²)C=C(R³)COOH in der R¹ bis R³ unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH₃, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit -NH₂, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste wie vorstehend definiert oder für -COOH oder -COOR⁴ steht, wobei R⁴ ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist,
• ii) Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren der Formel R⁵(R⁶)C=C(R⁷)-X-SO₃H in der R⁵ bis R⁷ unabhängig voneinander für -H, -CH₃, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten gesättigten Alkylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, einen geradkettigen oder verzweigten, ein- oder mehrfach ungesättigten Alkenylrest mit 2 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen, mit -NH₂, -OH oder -COOH substituierte Alkyl- oder Alkenylreste wie vorstehend definiert oder für -COOH oder -COOR⁴ steht, wobei R⁴ ein gesättigter oder ungesättigter, geradkettiger oder verzweigter Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit 1 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen ist, und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH₂)_n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH₂)_k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH₃)₂- und -C(O)-NH-CH(CH₂CH₃)
• iii) gegebenenfalls weiteren ionogenen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren besonders bevorzugt.

In summary, copolymers are made of

• i) unsaturated carboxylic acids of the formula R ¹ (R ² ) C =C (R ³ ) COOH in the R ¹ to R ³ independently of one another is -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, alkyl radical substituted by -NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or -COOR ⁴ , where R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
• ii) sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formula R ⁵ (R ⁶ ) C =C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H in the R ⁵ to R ⁷ independently of one another are -H, -CH ₃ , a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl radical with 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched, mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, with -NH ₂ , -OH or -COOH substituted alkyl or alkenyl radicals as defined above or is -COOH or -COOR ⁴ in which R ^{4 is} a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and X is an optionally present spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - where n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and -C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ )
• iii) optionally further ionic or nonionic monomers are particularly preferred.

• i) einer oder mehreren ungesättigter Carbonsäuren aus der Gruppe Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure und/oder Maleinsäure
• ii) einem oder mehreren Sulfonsäuregruppen-haltigen Monomeren der Formeln: H₂C=CH-X-SO₃H H₂C=C(CH₃)-X-SO₃H HO₃S-X-(R⁶)C=C(R⁷)-X-SO₃H in der R⁶ und R⁷ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -H, -CH₃, -CH₂CH₃, -CH₂CH₂CH₃, -CH(CH₃)₂ und X für eine optional vorhandene Spacergruppe steht, die ausgewählt ist aus -(CH₂)_n- mit n = 0 bis 4, -COO-(CH₂)_k- mit k = 1 bis 6, -C(O)-NH-C(CH₃)₂- und -C(O)-NH-CH(CH₂CH₃)
• iii) gegebenenfalls weiteren ionogenen oder nichtionogenen Monomeren.

Further particularly preferred copolymers consist of

• i) one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and / or maleic acid
• ii) one or more sulfonic acid group-containing monomers of the formulas: H ₂ C = CH-X-SO ₃ HH ₂ C = C (CH ₃ ) -X-SO ₃ H HO ₃ SX- (R ⁶ ) C = C (R ⁷ ) -X-SO ₃ H in which R ⁶ and R ^{7 are} independently selected from -H, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) ₂ and X is an optional spacer group which is selected from - (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, -COO- (CH ₂ ) _k - with k = 1 to 6, -C (O) -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - and - C (O) -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ )
• iii) optionally further ionogenic or nonionic monomers.

The Copolymers can the monomers from groups i) and ii) and optionally iii) contained in varying amounts, all representatives from the group i) with all Representatives from group ii) and all representatives from the group Group iii) can be combined. Particularly preferred polymers have certain structural units on, which are described below.

For example, copolymers which are structural units of the formula are preferred - [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ), - where n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

These polymers are prepared by copolymerizing acrylic acid with a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylic acid derivative. When the acrylic acid derivative containing sulfonic acid groups is copolymerized with methacrylic acid, another polymer is obtained whose use is likewise preferred. The corresponding copolymers contain the structural units of the formula - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p where m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000, and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals containing from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

Acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid can also be copolymerized completely analogously with methacrylic acid derivatives containing sulfonic acid groups, as a result of which the structural units in the molecule are changed. Thus, copolymers which are structural units of the formula - [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) -, as preferred as copolymers, the structural units of the formula - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

Instead of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid or in addition thereto, maleic acid can also be used as a particularly preferred monomer from group i). This gives way to inventively preferred copolymers, the structural units of the formula - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or anomatically substituted hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ), for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - stands, are preferred. Also preferred according to the invention are copolymers which contain structural units of the formula - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) OY-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y. for -O- (CH ₂ ) _n - with n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ )- stands.

In summary, such copolymers are preferred according to the invention, the structural units of the formulas - [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y- SO ₃ H] _p - [CH ₂ -CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) COOH] _m - [ CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -CHC (O) -Y-SO ₃ H] _p - [HOOCCH-CHCOOH] _m - [CH ₂ -C (CH ₃ ) C (O) OY-SO ₃ H] _p in which m and p are each an integer between 1 and 2,000 and Y is a spacer group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic, aromatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein spacer groups in which Y for -O- (CH ₂ ), - where n = 0 to 4, for -O- (C ₆ H ₄ ) -, for -NH-C (CH ₃ ) ₂ - or -NH-CH (CH ₂ CH ₃ ) - are, are preferred.

In the polymers can the sulfonic acid groups wholly or partly in neutralized form, i. that the acidic Hydrogen atom of the sulfonic acid group in some or all sulfonic acid groups against metal ions, preferably alkali metal ions and in particular against sodium ions, can be replaced. The use of or fully neutralized sulfonic acid group-containing Copolymer is preferred according to the invention.

The Monomer distribution of the invention preferably used Copolymer is for copolymers containing only monomers from groups i) and ii), preferably in each case from 5 to 95% by weight of i) or ii), particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight of monomer from group i) and 10 to 50% by weight Monomer from group ii), in each case based on the polymer.

at Terpolymers are particularly preferred which contain from 20 to 85% by weight. Monomer from group i), 10 to 60 wt .-% monomer from the group ii) and 5 to 30 wt .-% of monomer from group iii).

The molecular weight of sulfo copolymers which can preferably be used according to the invention can be varied in order to adapt the properties of the polymers to the desired intended use. The copolymers may have, for example, molecular weights of from 2000 to 200,000 gmol ^-1 , preferably from 4000 to 25,000 gmol ^-1 and in particular from 5000 to 15,000 gmol ^-1 . In particular, the above-described polymers may optionally be contained in the form of depot particles in a sponge according to the invention.

Bleaches are a particularly preferred optionally used in the depot particles washable or cleaning active substance. Among the compounds serving as bleaches in water H ₂ O ₂ , sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance. Further bleaches that can be used are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrazates and peracid salts or peracids which yield H ₂ O ₂ , such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioic acid.

Furthermore, bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used. Typical organic bleaching centers are the diacyl peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide. Other typical organic bleaches are the peroxyacids, examples of which include the alkyl peroxyacids and the aryl peroxyacids. Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy-a-naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystea rinsäure, ε-Phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid [Phthaliminoperoxyhexanoic acid (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamidoperoxycaproic acid, N-Nonenylamidoperadipinsäure and N-Nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1,9-Diperoxyazelainsäure, Diperocysebacinsäure, Diperoxybrassylsäure, the diperoxyphthalic acids, 2-decyldiperoxybutane-1,4-diacid, N, N-terephthaloyl-di (6-aminopercapronate) can be used.

When Bleach can Chlorine or bromine releasing substances are used. Among the suitable chlorine or bromine releasing materials come For example, heterocyclic N-bromine and N-chloroamides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric (DICH) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium into consideration. Hydantoin compounds, such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.

Especially the aforementioned bleaching agents can optionally be contained in depot particles of a sponge according to the invention. The depot particles can optional also be free from it.

According to the invention Deposit particles preferably, 1 to 35 wt .-%, preferably 2.5 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 3.5 to 20 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 15% by weight of bleach, preferably sodium percarbonate, based on the relevant depot particles.

Of the Active oxygen content of the depot particle, in each case based on the total weight of the depot particle, preferably between 0.4 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 8 wt .-% and in particular between 0.6 and 5 wt .-% amount. Especially preferred Depot particles have an active oxygen content above 0.3 wt .-%, preferably above 0.7% by weight, more preferably above 0.8 Wt .-% and in particular above 1.0 wt .-% to.

Bleach activators can in the depot particles according to the invention For example, when cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C and including achieving an improved bleaching effect. As optional Bleach activators can Compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, are aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 O atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, are used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of the mentioned C atomic number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred are multiply acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-tri-azine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated Phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetin, ethylene glycol diacetate and 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran.

in der R¹ für -H, -CH₃, einen C_2-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest, einen substituierten C_2-24-Alkyl- oder -Alkenylrest mit mindestens einem Substituenten aus der Gruppe -Cl, -Br, -OH, -NH₂, -CN, einen Alkyl- oder Alkenylarylrest mit einer C1-24-Alkylgruppe, oder für einen substituierten Alkyl- oder Alkenylarylrest mit einer C_1-24-Alkylgruppe und mindestens einem weiteren Substituenten am aromatischen Ring steht, R² und R³ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -CH₂-CN, -CH₃, -CH₂-CH₃, -CH₂-CH₂-CH₃, -CH(CH₃)-CH₃, -CH₂-OH, -CH₂-CH₂-OH, -CH(OH)-CH₃, -CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-OH, -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₃, -CH(OH)-CH₂-CH₃, -(CH₂CH₂-O)_nH mit n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6 und X ein Anion ist.Further bleach activators which can preferably be used in the context of the present application are compounds from the group of cationic nitriles, in particular cationic nitriles of the formula

in the R ^{1 is} -H, -CH ₃ , a C _2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical, a substituted C _2-24 alkyl or alkenyl radical having at least one substituent from the group -Cl, -Br, - OH, -NH _2, -CN, an alkyl or alkenylaryl radical with a C 1-24 alkyl group is, or a substituted alkyl- or alkenylaryl radical with a C _1-24 alkyl group and at least one further substituent on the aromatic ring, R ² and R ^{3 are} independently selected from -CH ₂ -CN, -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -OH , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -OH, -CH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₃ , -CH (OH) -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , - (CH ₂ CH ₂ -O) _n H where n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and X is an anion.

in der R⁴, R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander ausgewählt sind aus -CH₃, -CH₂-CH₃, -CH₂-CH₂-CH₃, -CH(CH₃)-CH₃, wobei R⁴ zusätzlich auch -H sein kann und X ein Anion ist, wobei vorzugsweise R⁵ = R⁶ = -CH₃ und insbesondere R⁴ = R⁵ = R⁶ = -CH₃ gilt und Verbindungen der Formeln (CH₃)₃N^{( + )}CH₂-CN X^–, (CH₃CH₂)₃N^{( + )}CH₂-CN X^–, (CH₃CH₂CH₂)₃N^{( + )}CH₂-CN X^–, (CH₃CH(CH₃))₃N^{( + )}CH₂-CN X^–, oder (HO-CH₂-CH₂)₃N^{( + )}CH₂-CN X^– besonders bevorzugt sind, wobei aus der Gruppe dieser Substanzen wiederum das kationische Nitril der Formel (CH₃)₃N⁽⁺⁾CH₂-CN X^–, in welcher X^– für ein Anion steht, das aus der Gruppe Chlorid, Bromid, Iodid, Hydrogensulfat, Methosulfat, p-Toluolsulfonat (Tosylat) oder Xylolsulfonat ausgewählt ist, besonders bevorzugt wird.Particularly preferred is a cationic nitrile of the formula

in which R ⁴ , R ⁵ and R ^{6 are} independently selected from -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH ₂ -CH ₂ -CH ₃ , -CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₃ , where R ^{4 can} additionally also be -H and X is an anion, preferably R ⁵ = R ⁶ = -CH ₃ and in particular R ⁴ = R ⁵ = R ⁶ = -CH ₃ and compounds of the formulas (CH ₃ ) ₃ N ^{( + )} CH ₂ -CN X ^- , (CH ₃ CH ₂ ) ₃ N ^{( + )} CH ₂ -CN X ^- , (CH ₃ CH ₂ CH ₂ ) ₃ N ^{( +)} CH ₂ -CN X ^-, (CH ₃ CH (CH _{3)) 3} N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^-, or (HO-CH ₂ -CH _{2) 3} N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^- are particularly preferred, from the group of substances, to the cationic nitrile of the formula (CH _{3) 3} N ⁽⁺⁾ CH ₂ -CN X ^-, where X ^- is an anion selected from the group of chloride, bromide, Iodide, hydrogen sulfate, methosulfate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) or xylene sulfonate is particularly preferred.

When Bleach activators can furthermore compounds which are aliphatic under perhydrolysis conditions peroxycarboxylic with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid, can be used. Suitable substances are the O- and / or N-acyl groups of the mentioned C atom number and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preference is given to polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexa-hydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acyl-timide, in particular N-nonanoyl-succinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-no-nanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic, in particular phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, in particular triacetin, ethylene glycol di-acetate, 2,5-diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA) and acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or their Mixtures (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), Pentaacetylfruktose, tetraacetylxylose and octa-acetyllactose and acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoyl-caprolactam. hydrophilic substituted acyl acetals and acyl lactams are also preferred used. Combinations of conventional bleach activators can also be used become.

Provided in addition to the optional nitrile quats further bleach activators used are to be preferred are bleach activators from the group the polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated Phenol sulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl or Isononanoyloxybenzolsulfonat (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl morpholinium acetonitrile methyl sulfate (MMA), preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8 wt .-%, especially 2 to 8 wt .-% and particularly preferably 2 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the relevant Depot particles, used.

In addition to the optional conventional bleach activators or in their place can Also so-called bleach catalysts are optionally used. These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo saline complexes or carbonyl complexes. Also Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands and Co, Fe, Cu and Ru ammine complexes are useful as bleach catalysts.

Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammin) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of manganese sulfate optional in usual Quantities, preferably in an amount up to 5 wt .-%, in particular from 0.0025 wt.% to 1 wt.%, and more preferably from 0.01 Wt .-% to 0.25 wt .-%, each based on the total weight bleach activator Depot particles, are used. But in special cases can also more bleach activator can be used.

to Increasing the washing or cleaning performance are enzymes optionally usable. These include in particular proteases, amylases, lipases, hemicellulases, cellulases or oxidoreductases, and preferably mixtures thereof. These enzymes are basically natural origin; starting from the natural ones molecules stand in particular for Improved the use in connection with washing and cleaning operations Variants available which are preferably used accordingly.

Among the proteases, those of the subtilisin type are preferable. Examples thereof are the subtilisins BPN 'and Carlsberg, the protease PB92, the subtilisins 147 and 309, the alkaline protease from Bacillus lentus, subtilisin DY and the enzymes thermitase, proteinase K and the subtilases, but not the subtilisins in the narrower sense Proteases TW3 and TW7. Subtilisin Carlsberg in a developed form under the trade names Alcalase ^® from Novozymes A / S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark. The subtilisins 147 and 309 are under the trade names Esperase ^®, or Savinase ^® sold by the company Novozymes. From the protease from Bacillus lentus DSM 5483 derived under the name BLAP ^® variants are derived.

Other usable proteases are, for example, under the trade names Durazym ^®, relase ^®, Everlase® ^®, Nafizym, Natalase ^®, Kannase® ^® and Ovozymes ^® from Novozymes, under the trade names Purafect ^®, Purafect ^® OxP and Properase.RTM ^® by the company Genencor, that under the trade name Protosol® ^® from Advanced Biochemicals Ltd., Thane, India, under the trade name Wuxi ^® from Wuxi Snyder Bioproducts Ltd., China, under the trade names Proleather® ^® and protease P ^® by the company Amano Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, and the enzyme available under the name Proteinase K-16 from Kao Corp., Tokyo, Japan.

Examples of amylases which can be used according to the invention are the α-amylases from Bacillus licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens or B. stearothermophilus and also their further developments improved for use in detergents and cleaners. The enzyme from B. licheniformis is available from Novozymes under the name Termamyl ^® and from Genencor under the name Purastar® ^® ST. Development products of this α-amylase are available from Novozymes under the trade names Duramyl ^® and Termamyl ^® ultra, from Genencor under the name Purastar® ^® OxAm and from Daiwa Seiko Inc., Tokyo, Japan, as Keistase ^®. The α-amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens is marketed by Novozymes under the name BAN ^®, and variants derived from the α-amylase from B. stearothermophilus under the names BSG ^® and Novamyl ^®, likewise from Novozymes.

Furthermore are for this purpose the α-amylase from Bacillus sp. A 7-7 (DSM 12368) and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) from B. agaradherens (DSM 9948).

In addition, the enhancements available under the trade names Fungamyl.RTM ^® by Novozymes of α-amylase from Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae, which are. Another commercial product is, for example, the amylase ^LT® .

Also usable according to the invention are lipases or cutinases, in particular because of their triglyceride-splitting activities, but also in order to generate in situ peracids from suitable precursors. These include, for example, the lipases originally obtainable from Humicola lanuginosa (Thermomyces lanuginosus) or further developed, in particular those with the amino acid exchange D96L. They are sold, for example, by Novozymes under the trade names Lipolase ^®, Lipolase Ultra ^®, LipoPrime® ^®, Lipozyme® ^® and Lipex ^®. Furthermore, for example, the cutinases can be used, which were originally isolated from Fusarium solani pisi and Humicola insolens. Likewise useable lipases are available from Amano under the designations Lipase CE ^® _'Lipase P ^®, Lipase B ^®, or lipase CES _^®' lipase AKG ^®, Bacillis sp. ^Lipase® , Lipase ^AP® , Lipase M- ^AP® and Lipase ^{AML® are} available. From the company Genencor, for example, the lipases, or cutinases can be used, the initial enzymes were originally isolated from Pseudomonas mendocina and Fusarium solanii. Other important commercial products are the originally marketed by Gist-Brocades preparations M1 Lipase ^® and Lipomax® ^® and the enzymes marketed by Meito Sangyo KK, Japan under the names Lipase MY-30 ^®, Lipase OF ^® and lipase PL ^® to mention also the product Lumafast® ^® from Genencor.

Furthermore, enzymes can be used, which are summarized by the term hemicellulases. These include, for example, mannanases, xanthan lyases, pectinases (= pectinases), pectin esterases, pectate lyases, xyloglucanases (= xylanases), pullulanases and β-glucanases. Suitable mannanases are available, for example under the name Gamanase ^® and Pektinex AR ^® from Novozymes, under the name Rohapec ^® B1 from AB Enzymes and under the name Pyrolase® ^® from Diversa Corp., San Diego, CA, United States. The obtained from B. subtilis β-glucanase is available under the name Cereflo ^® from Novozymes.

Oxidoreductases, for example oxidases, oxygenases, catalases, peroxidases, such as halo, chloro, bromo, lignin, glucoseq or manganese peroxidases, dioxygenases or laccases (phenol oxidases, polyphenol oxidases) can be used according to the invention to increase the bleaching effect. Suitable commercial products Denilite® ^® 1 and 2 from Novozymes should be mentioned. Advantageously, it is additionally preferred to add organic, particularly preferably aromatic, compounds which interact with the enzymes in order to enhance the activity of the relevant oxidoreductases (enhancers) or to ensure the flow of electrons (mediators) at greatly varying redox potentials between the oxidizing enzymes and the soils.

The For example, enzymes are either originally derived from microorganisms, about the genera Bacillus, Streptomyces, Humicola, or Pseudomonas, and / or are used according to known biotechnological processes produced by suitable microorganisms, such as transgenic Expression hosts of the genera Bacillus or filamentous fungi.

The Purification of the enzymes concerned is preferably carried out by itself established methods, for example about precipitation, sedimentation, concentration, Filtration of the liquid Phases, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, exposure to chemicals, Deodorization or suitable combinations of these steps.

The Enzymes can used in any form established in the prior art become. These include for example, by granulation, extrusion or lyophilization obtained solid preparations or, especially in liquid or gelatinous Means, solutions the enzymes, advantageously as concentrated as possible, low in water and / or added with stabilizers.

One Protein and / or enzyme may be particularly harmful during storage against damage such as inactivation, denaturation or decay, for example through physical influences, Oxidation or proteolytic cleavage are protected. In microbial Obtaining the proteins and / or enzymes is inhibiting the Proteolysis particularly preferred, especially if the means Contain proteases. Stabilizers may be included for this purpose be; the provision of such means constitutes a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

A Group of stabilizers are reversible protease inhibitors. Become frequent Benzamidine hydro-chloride, Borax, boric acids, boronic acids or their salts or esters, including derivatives in particular with aromatic groups, such as ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and para-substituted phenylboronic acids, or their Salts or esters. As peptidic protease inhibitors are under to mention other ovomucoid and leupeptin; an additional Option is the formation of fusion proteins from proteases and peptide inhibitors.

Other enzyme stabilizers are amino alcohols such as mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, aliphatic carboxylic acids up to C ₁₂ , such as succinic acid, other dicarboxylic acids or salts of said acids. End-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates are also suitable. Certain organic acids used as builders are additionally capable of stabilizing a contained enzyme.

low aliphatic alcohols, but especially polyols, such as Glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or sorbitol are further often used enzyme stabilizers. Likewise, calcium salts are used such as calcium acetate or calcium formate, and magnesium salts.

Polyamide oligomers or polymeric compounds such as lignin, water-soluble vinyl copolymers or cellulose ethers, acrylic polymers and / or polyamides stabilize the enzyme preparation, inter alia, against physical influences or pH fluctuations. Polyamine N-oxide-containing polymers act as enzyme stabilizers. Other polymeric stabilizers are the linear C ₈ -C ₁₈ polyoxyalkylenes. Alkyl polyglycosides can stabilize the enzymatic components and even increase their performance. Crosslinked N-containing compounds also act as enzyme stabilizers.

reducing agent and increase antioxidants the stability of the enzymes oxidative decay. A sulfur-containing reducing agent is, for example Sodium sulfite.

Prefers For example, combinations of stabilizers are used made of polyols, boric acid and / or borax, the combination of boric acid or borate, reducing Salts and succinic acid or other dicarboxylic acids or the combination of boric acid or borate with polyols or polyamino compounds and with reducing Salt. The effect of peptide-aldehyde stabilizers is obtained by combination with boric acid and / or boric acid derivatives and polyols increased and by the additional use of divalent Cations, such as calcium ions further amplified.

The sponge according to the invention can be dyed as such. Likewise, the depot particles can be dyed. Preferred optional dyes, the selection of which presents no difficulty to the skilled person, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light and no pronounced substantivity to the substrates to be treated with the dye-containing agents such as textiles, glass, ceramics or plastic dishes, not to these zufärben.

Dyeing agents which can be oxidatively destroyed in the washing process and mixtures thereof with suitable blue dyes, so-called blue toners, are preferred. It has proved to be advantageous to use colorants which are soluble in water or at room temperature in liquid organic substances. Suitable examples are anionic colorants, for example anionic nitrosofarbstoffe. One possible dye is, for example, naphthol green (Color Index (CIq) Part 1: Acid Green 1; Part 2: 10020), which as a commercial product ^® for example as Basacid Green 970 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, is, as well as mixtures thereof with suitable. blue dyes. Further suitable colorants Pigmosol ^® come ^® Blue 6900 (CI 74160), Pigmosol ^® Green 8730 (CI 74260), Basonyl Red 545 FL (CI 45170), Sandolan® ^® rhodamine EB400 (CI 45100), Basacid® ^® Yellow 094 (CI 47005) Sicovit ^® Patentblau 85 e 131 (CI 42051), Acid Blue 183 (CAS 12217-22-0, CI Acidblue 183), pigment Blue 15 (CI 74160), Supranol Blue ^® GLW (CAS 12219-32-8, CI Acidblue 221 )), Nylosan Yellow ^® N-7GL SGR (CAS 61814-57-1, CI Acidyellow 218) and / or Sandolan ^® Blue (CI Acid Blue 182, CAS 12219-26-0) is used.

In addition to so far in detail described components, but also independent of these, the in a sponge according to the invention contained depot particles optionally contain further ingredients, which in particular the application technology and / or aesthetic Properties of these funds continue to improve.

preferred Depot particles can thus optionally one or more substances from the group of electrolytes, pH regulators, fluorescers, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, Silicone oils, Anti redeposition agents, optical brighteners, grayness inhibitors, Inlet preventer, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial Active ingredients, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, antistatic agents, Ironing aids, Phobic and impregnating agents, Swelling and anti-sliding agents and UV absorbers included.

As electrolytes from the group of inorganic salts, it is optionally possible to use a wide number of very different salts. Preferred cations are the alkali and alkaline earth metals, preferred anions are the halides and sulfates. From a manufacturing point of view, the use of NaCl or MgCl _{2 is} preferred.

Around the pH in the desired To bring range, the use of pH adjusters may be optional be displayed. Can be used here all known acids or Alkalis, provided that their use is not from application technology or ecological establish or for reasons consumer protection.

Suitable foam inhibitors include soaps, oils, fats, paraffins or silicone oils, which may optionally be applied to support materials. Suitable carrier materials are, for example, inorganic salts such as carbonates or sulfates, cellulose derivatives or silicates and mixtures of the abovementioned materials. In the context of the present application preferred agents include paraffins, preferably unbranched paraffins (n-paraffins) and / or silicones, preferably linear-polymeric silicones, which are constructed according to the scheme (R ₂ SiO) _x and are also referred to as silicone oils. These silicone oils usually are clear, colorless, neutral, odorless, hydrophobic liquids having a molecular weight between 1,000 and 150,000, and viscosities between 10 and 1,000,000 mPa.s.

suitable optional anti redeposition agents, also called soil repellents are, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose and methylhydroxypropylcellulose with a proportion at methoxy groups of 15 to 30 wt .-% and hydroxypropyl groups from 1 to 15 wt .-%, each based on the nonionic cellulose ether and the known from the prior art polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or of their derivatives, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionic and / or nonionically modified derivatives of these. Especially preferred of these are the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and Terephthalic acid polymers.

Optical brighteners (so-called "whiteners") may optionally be added to eliminate graying and yellowing of the treated textiles, which will attract the fiber and cause brightening and fake bleaching by converting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer wavelength light the ultraviolet light absorbed from the sunlight is emitted as a faint bluish fluorescence and gives the whiteness of the bruised or yellowed wash pure white Suitable compounds, for example, from the substance classes of 4,4 '' - diami no-2,2 '' - stilbenedisulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyrylbiphenyls, methylumbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1,3-diaryl-pyrazolines, naphthalsimides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems, and the by Heterocycles substituted pyrene derivatives.

optional Graying inhibitors have the task of removing the dirt removed from the fiber to keep suspended in the fleet and so the recovery of the Prevent dirt. For this purpose, water-soluble colloids are usually more organic Nature, for example the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, Gelatin, salts of ether sulfonic acids the strength or the cellulose or salts of acidic sulfuric acid esters cellulose or starch. Also water-soluble, Acidic group-containing polyamides are suitable for this purpose. Farther can be soluble Starch preparations and other than the aforesaid starch products use, e.g. degraded starch, aldehyde etc. Also, polyvinylpyrrolidone is useful. As grayness inhibitors Cellulose ethers such as carboxymethylcellulose (Na salt) can also be used, Methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, Methylhydroxypropylcellulose, methylcarboxy-methyl-cellulose and their mixtures.

There textile fabrics, in particular of rayon, rayon, cotton and mixtures thereof, for Can tend to wrinkles, because the individual fibers against bending, bending, pressing and squeezing are sensitive to the grain direction, synthetic crease inhibitors optionally used. These include, for example, synthetic Products based on fatty acids, Fettsäureestern, fatty acid amides, Alkylolestern, -alkylolamiden or fatty alcohols, usually with Ethylene oxide reacted or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid ester.

optional Phobic and impregnating agent serve the equipment of textiles containing substances which are the deposit of dirt prevent or make it easier to wash out. Preferred phobier and impregnating agent are perfluorinated fatty acids, also in the form of their aluminum u. Zirconium salts, organic silicates, Silicones, polyacrylic acid esters with perfluorinated alcohol component or with perfluorinated acyl or sulfonyl radical-coupled, polymerizable compounds. Also Antistatics can be included. The dirt-repellent finish with phobic and impregnating agents Often classified as an easy-care item. The intrusion the impregnating agent in the form of solutions or emulsions of the active substances in question can be made by adding Wetting agents that minimize the surface tension. Another one Field of application of repellents and impregnating agents is the water-repellent equipment of textiles, tents, tarpaulins, leather, etc., in contrast for waterproofing the tissue pores are not closed, the fabric thus remains breathable (hydrophobing). The water repellent coat the water repellents used Textiles, leather, paper, wood, etc. with a very thin layer hydrophobic groups, such as longer Alkyl chains or siloxane groups. Suitable hydrophobizing agents are e.g. Paraffins, waxes, metal soaps etc. with additives on aluminum or zirconium salts, quaternary ammonium compounds with long-chain alkyl radicals, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified Melamine resins, chromium complex salts, Silicones, tin organic compounds and glutaric dialdehyde as well perfluorinated compounds. The hydrophobized materials feel not greasy; still pearl - similar to greasy fabrics Water drops on them without moistening. Thus, e.g. Silicone impregnated Textiles have a soft feel and are water and dirt repellent; Stains from ink, wine, fruit juices and the like are easier to remove.

to fight of microorganisms can optional antimicrobial agents are used. This is different depending on the antimicrobial spectrum and mechanism of action between Bacteriostats and bactericides, fungistats and fungicides etc .. Important substances from these groups are, for example, benzalkonium chlorides, Alkylarlylsulfonates, halophenols and Phenolmercuriacetat, wherein also completely can be dispensed with these compounds.

Around unwanted, caused by oxygen and other oxidative processes changes to prevent the agents optionally contain antioxidants. To this class of connection belong for example, substituted phenols, hydroquinones, catechols and aromatic amines and organic sulfides, polysulfides, dithiocarbamates, Phosphites and phosphonates.

Increased comfort may result from the additional use of optional antistatics. Antistatic agents increase the surface conductivity and thus allow an improved drainage of formed charges. External antistatic agents are generally substances with at least one hydrophilic molecule ligand and give a more or less hygroscopic film on the surfaces. These mostly surface-active antistatic agents can be in nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatic agents and subdivide. Lauryl (or stearyl) dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides are also suitable as antistatic agents for textiles or as an additive to detergents, wherein additionally a softening effect is achieved.

to Care of the textiles and to improve the textile properties like a softer "grip" (avivage) and reduced electrostatic charge (elevated Wearing comfort) optional softener used become. The active ingredients in fabric softener formulations are in the Usually "esterquats", ie quaternary ammonium compounds with two hydrophobic radicals, such as the Disteraryldimethylammoniumchlorid, which, however, because of its insufficient biodegradability preferably by quaternary ammonium compounds replaced in their hydrophobic residues ester groups as predetermined breaking points for the contain biodegradation.

Such "ester quats" with improved biodegradability are available, for example, that he Mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and / or triethanolamine esterified with fatty acids and the reaction products then in a conventional manner quaternized with alkylating agents. Suitable as a finish is dimethylolethyleneurea.

to Improvement of water absorbency, rewettability treated textiles and to facilitate ironing treated textiles can optional silicone derivatives are used. Preferred silicone derivatives are, for example, polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups one to five Have C atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated. preferred Silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes which are optionally derivatized could be and are then amino-functional or quaternized or Si-OH, Si-H and / or Si-Cl bonds exhibit. Further preferred silicones are the polyalkylene oxide modified Polysiloxanes, ie polysiloxanes, which are, for example, polyethylene glycols and also the polyalkylene oxide-modified Dimetylpolysiloxane.

Finally, according to the invention, UV absorbers optionally used, which are applied to the treated textiles and the light resistance improve the fibers. Connections that those desired Properties are, for example, those by radiationless Deactivation of effective compounds and derivatives of benzophenone with substituents in 2- and / or 4-position. Furthermore, substituted benzotriazoles, in 3-position phenyl-substituted acrylates (cinnamic acid derivatives), optionally with cyano groups in the 2-position, salicylates, organic Ni complexes and natural substances such as umbelliferone and the body's own urocanic acid.

protein are due to their fiber care effect more in the context of present invention preferred optional active substances the field of detergents and cleaners. Protein hydrolysates are Product mixtures catalyzed by acidic, basic or enzymatic Degradation of proteins (proteins) to be obtained. According to the invention, protein hydrolysates be used both of plant and animal origin. Animal protein hydrolysates are, for example, elastin, collagen, kerstin, Silk and milk protein protein hydrolysates, which may also be present in the form of salts. According to the invention preferred is the use of protein hydrolysates of plant origin, e.g. Soy, almond, rice, pea, potato and wheat protein hydrolysates. Although the use of protein hydrolysates is preferred as such is, can in their place, if appropriate, otherwise obtained amino acid mixtures or individual amino acids such as arginine, lysine, histidine or pyrroglutamic acid used become. Also possible is the use of derivatives of protein hydrolysates, for example in the form of their fatty acid condensation products.

The nonaqueous solvents which can be used optionally include, in particular, the organic solvents, of which only the most important can be listed here: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols, octanols, cyclohexanol), glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol), ethers and glycol ethers (diethyl ether, dibutyl ether, anisole, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, mono-, di-, tri-, polyethylene glycol ethers), ketones (acetone, butanone, cyclohexanone), esters (acetic acid esters, glycol esters), amides and other nitrogen compounds (dimethylformamide, Pyridine, N-methylpyrrolidone, acetonitrile), sulfur compounds (carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane), nitro compounds (nitrobenzene), halogenated hydrocarbons (dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorofluorocarbons), hydrocarbons (Gasolines, petroleum ethers, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, terpene solvents, benzene, toluene, xylenes). Alternatively, instead of the pure solvents, their mixtures, which advantageously combine, for example, the dissolution properties of various solvents, can also be used. Such a solvent mixture which is particularly preferred in the context of the present application is, for example, mineral spirits, a mixture of various hydrocarbons suitable for dry-cleaning, preferably containing C12 to C14 hydrocarbons above 60 Wt .-%, more preferably above 80 wt .-% and in particular above 90 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the mixture, preferably having a boiling range of 81 to 110 ° C.

Claims (21)

Synthetic foam sponge or sponge cloth, characterized in that it contains depot particles, in which at least one active substance is stored. Sponge according to claim 1, characterized in that the Active substance selected is from the group of fragrances, builders, bleaches, surfactants, optical brighteners, bleach activators, enzymes, electrolytes, non-aqueous solvents, pH regulators, fluorescers, dyes, hydrotopes, foam inhibitors, Antiredeposition agents, conditioners, softeners, grayness inhibitors, Inlet preventer, anti-crease agents, color transfer inhibitors, antimicrobial Active ingredients, germicides, fungicides, antioxidants, quaternary ammonium compounds, Corrosion inhibitors, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, cosmetics silicone oils, ironing aids, Phobic and impregnating agents, Swelling and anti-slip agents as well as UV absorbers. Sponge according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it open-cell, closed-cell and / or mixed cellular foam includes. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the framework substance of the foam selected is from the group of formaldehyde resins, polyisocyanurates, polystyrene, Polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, styrene copolymers, polycarbonates, Polyolefins, polycarbodiimides, polymethacrylimides, polyamides, phenolic resins, Urea resins, melamine resins, polyvinyl alcohol, melamine-formaldehyde resins, preferably the polyether and / or polyester, in particular polyester-polyurethanes and / or polyether polyurethanes Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists of at least two together connected, preferably glued, layers. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one of the two outer layers of the sponge body is formed from a non-woven, preferably comprising polypropylene fibers, Polyester fibers, polyether fibers, PUR fibers, viscose fibers, acrylic fibers and / or polyamide fibers. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is covered by a coating, in particular of a microfiber coating. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that depot particles are contained, the solid, semi-solid and / or liquid Contain substances. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that deposit particles are contained, which contain mixtures which are highly viscous at temperatures ≤ 25 ° C or are solid and contain at least one liquid at 20 ° C and substance at least one at elevated Temperatures flowable additive containing a melting or pour point in the range of 25 ° C to preferably 100 ° C, with the proviso that this Mixture at temperatures below preferably 110 ° C substantially undecomposed in a molten state State passes. Sponge according to one the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that as deposit particles such particles are included, which is a carrier material which is a liquid is incorporated. Sponge according to claim 10, characterized that this support material an inorganic carrier material is, selected from the group comprising zeolites, sulphates, carbonates, silicates, Silica and / or their mixtures. Sponge according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the depot particles are composed of a porous, particulate polymer substrate which is loaded with 5 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the loaded polymer substrate, a guest mixture , wherein this guest mixture a) as such is highly viscous or solid at temperatures ≦ 20 ° C., b) contains fluids and at least one additive which is flowable at elevated temperatures and which contains a Melting or pouring point in the range of 25 ° C to preferably 120 ° C, c) already at temperatures below preferably 120 ° C substantially undecomposed into a molten state. Sponge according to claim 12, characterized in that the Additive whose pour point in the temperature range of 25 ° C up to 150 ° C lies, selected is from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, silicone oils, paraffins, Nonionic surfactants, esterquats, natural oils, waxes and / or polyalkylene glycols. Process for producing a sponge according to the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that depot particles, in which at least one active substance is stored before or during the foam a sponge resin are added to the same. Process for producing a foam according to of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the depot particles, in which at least one active substance is stored, before or during the foaming of a Sponge resin at temperatures below 200 ° C, preferably below 150 ° C the sponge resin be added. Use of a sponge according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for the treatment, in particular for cleaning and / or care of hard surfaces, preferably dishes, glass, windows, ceramics, porcelain, metal, Enamel, painted surfaces, Floors and / or Plastic surfaces. Use of a sponge according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for external cleaning and / or cosmetic care of the human or animal body. Use of a sponge according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for the cleaning and / or care of automobiles. Use of a sponge according to any one of claims 1 to 13 for cleaning and / or care of textile. Process for textile treatment in an automatic clothes dryer in which one sponge according to one of claims 1 to 13 to the laundry to be dried put in the dryer, taking on the sponge before, if necessary liquid advantageously containing preservatives and / or fragrances. Process for textile treatment in an automatic Washing machine in which one sponge according to one of claims 1 to 13 to the laundry to be washed put into the drum, where you have on the sponge before, if necessary, a liquid advantageously containing preservatives and / or fragrances.