DE102006031311A1 - Air drier, useful in air brake system of vehicles, comprises a drying agent comprising a metal-organic framework, where the metal is a transition metal, which is linked with at least a bidentate linker - Google Patents
Air drier, useful in air brake system of vehicles, comprises a drying agent comprising a metal-organic framework, where the metal is a transition metal, which is linked with at least a bidentate linker Download PDFInfo
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- DE102006031311A1 DE102006031311A1 DE200610031311 DE102006031311A DE102006031311A1 DE 102006031311 A1 DE102006031311 A1 DE 102006031311A1 DE 200610031311 DE200610031311 DE 200610031311 DE 102006031311 A DE102006031311 A DE 102006031311A DE 102006031311 A1 DE102006031311 A1 DE 102006031311A1
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- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013147 Cu3(BTC)2 Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-bipyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 MWVTWFVJZLCBMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LCZUOKDVTBMCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C)C=N1 LCZUOKDVTBMCMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O WXTMDXOMEHJXQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butynedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#CC(O)=O YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C1=C(C([O-])=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=NC=CN=C1C(O)=O ZUCRGHABDDWQPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 Tetramethyl terephthalate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NEOZDUDLYDUOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetramethylterephthalic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C(O)=O)=C(C)C(C)=C1C(O)=O NEOZDUDLYDUOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBMYFVSIIYILRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC(C=2N=C(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 CBMYFVSIIYILRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001934 2,5-dimethylpyrazine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SVAJWMFPXLZPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3,5-bis(2-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1 SVAJWMFPXLZPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoterephthalic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1C(O)=O GPNNOCMCNFXRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylphthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(O)=O HSSYVKMJJLDTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SAAQRUMAXVBWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(10-pyridin-4-ylanthracen-9-yl)pyridine Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=NC=C1 SAAQRUMAXVBWDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MAWKLXRVKVOYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)pyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 MAWKLXRVKVOYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MGFJDEHFNMWYBD-OWOJBTEDSA-N 4-[(e)-2-pyridin-4-ylethenyl]pyridine Chemical group C=1C=NC=CC=1/C=C/C1=CC=NC=C1 MGFJDEHFNMWYBD-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RERPRBPQDPHWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)phenyl]pyridine Chemical group C1=NC=CC(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 RERPRBPQDPHWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IGSDAEDEJRBTEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3(C(O)=O)CC1(C(=O)O)CC2(C(O)=O)C3 IGSDAEDEJRBTEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AVQYXBDAZWIFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCCCC#N AVQYXBDAZWIFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ABMDIECEEGFXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylpropanamide Chemical compound CCNC(=O)CC ABMDIECEEGFXNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QZNPXKRALPFXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pyridin-2-ylpyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CN=CC=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QZNPXKRALPFXPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 19
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013132 MOF-5 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000083869 Polyommatus dorylas Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013236 Zn4O(BTB)2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-K benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate(3-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC(C([O-])=O)=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QMKYBPDZANOJGF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JBIZMQOHTVCJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;methane Chemical compound C.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBIZMQOHTVCJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- YXZRCLVVNRLPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J turquoise blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Cu+2].NC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC=2C=C(NS(=O)(=O)C3=CC=4C(=C5NC=4NC=4[N-]C(=C6C=CC(=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)NC=4NC(=C6C=C(C=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)NC=4[N-]C(=C6C=CC(=CC6=4)S([O-])(=O)=O)N5)C=C3)C(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)=N1 YXZRCLVVNRLPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/28—Selection of materials for use as drying agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/223—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material containing metals, e.g. organo-metallic compounds, coordination complexes
- B01J20/226—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIF]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3265—Non-macromolecular compounds with an organic functional group containing a metal, e.g. a metal affinity ligand
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
- B01D2253/204—Metal organic frameworks (MOF's)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Lufttrockner, der insbesondere in Druckluftbremsanlagen von Fahrzeugen Anwendung findet.The The present invention relates to an air dryer, in particular used in compressed air brake systems of vehicles.
Feuchte Luft in Druckluftbremsanlagen ist u.a. wegen der Gefahr des Einfrierens und der Korrosion äußerst gefährlich. Aus diesem Grunde mussten die Luftbehälter der ersten Druckluftbremsanlagen regelmäßig entwässert und zusätzlich Frostschutzpumpen vorgesehen werden.humidity Air in air brake systems is u.a. because of the danger of freezing and the corrosion extremely dangerous. For this reason, had the air tanks of the first air brake systems regularly drained and additionally Antifreeze pumps are provided.
Zwischenzeitlich ist man dazu übergegangen, die angesaugte Luft soweit zu trocknen, dass sie auch bei starker Abkühlung keine Feuchtigkeit mehr abgibt.In the meantime, did you go over to that to dry the sucked air so far that it is strong even Cooling no more moisture.
Die vom Kompressor kommende Luft kühlt zunächst am Druckregler und am Lufttrockner ab und verliert dabei schon Feuchtigkeit durch Kondensation. Im Lufttrockner wird sie dann über ein Trockenmittel geleitet, das umso mehr Wasserdampf bindet, je höher der Druck und je geringer die Temperatur ist. Nach Erreichen des Abschaltdrucks im Druckregler wird ein in einem separaten kleinen Luftbehälter gespeicherter kleiner Teil der Druckluft unter geringem Druck zurück durch das Trockenmittel und dann ins Freie geführt.The Coming from the compressor air initially cools on Pressure regulator and the air dryer off and losing it already moisture through condensation. In the air dryer, it is then over Desiccant passes, which binds the more water vapor, the higher the Pressure and the lower the temperature is. After reaching the switch-off pressure in the pressure regulator is stored in a separate small air tank small part of the compressed air at low pressure back through the desiccant and then led into the open.
Lufttrockner für den Einsatz in Druckluftbremsanlagen müssen über einen Bereich der Umgebungstemperatur des Fahrzeugs von –40°C bis 120°C, wenigstens jedoch von –30°C bis 80°C, eine effektive Trocknung der Luft bewirken, und sie müssen insbesondere auch bei einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit bis 100 % zuverlässig arbeiten.air dryer for the Use in air brake systems must be over a range of ambient temperature of the vehicle from -40 ° C to 120 ° C, at least however, from -30 ° C to 80 ° C, an effective Drying of the air, and they must be especially at a relative humidity up to 100% work reliably.
Der Arbeitsdruck des Lufttrockners beträgt typischerweise max. 15 bar, die Arbeitstemperatur des Lufttrockners liegt bei ca. 80°C. Im Allgemeinen liegt der zu trocknende Volumenstrom bei ca. 1.000 Liter Luft/min. Die Drucktaupunktabsenkung des Lufttrockners muss mindestens 30°C betragen.Of the Working pressure of the air dryer is typically max. 15 bar, the working temperature of the air dryer is approx. 80 ° C. In general lies the volume flow to be dried at approx. 1,000 liters of air / min. The The pressure dew point of the air dryer must be at least 30 ° C.
Die Lufttrocknung erfolgt in dem Lufttrockner durch Trocknungsmaterialien. Die Trocknungsmaterialien sind im Allgemeinen pulverförmige oder partikelförmige Teilchen, die sich durch eine große Oberfläche und ein gutes Wasseraufnahmevermögen auszeichnen. Infolge der gewünschten Regenerierung des Trocknungsmaterials mittels Druckluft muss sich das aufgenommene Wasser aus dem Trocknungsmaterial jedoch auch wieder schnell und auf einfache Weise entfernen lassen, d.h. die Absorption und Desorption des Wassers muss reversibel und die Sorptionsgeschwindigkeiten müssen hoch sein.The Air drying takes place in the air dryer by means of drying materials. The drying materials are generally powdery or particulate Particles with a high surface area and good water absorption capacity. As a result of the desired Regeneration of the drying material by means of compressed air must be However, the absorbed water from the drying material again can be removed quickly and easily, i. the absorption and Desorption of water must be reversible and sorption rates have to be high.
Nachdem die effektiven Ab- und Desorptionsgeschwindigkeiten auch von der Teilchengröße abhängen, sollte keine wesentliche Veränderung der Partikelgrößen stattfinden, d.h. das Trocknungsmaterial sollte sowohl abriebfest sein als auch nicht verklumpen. Erforderlich ist zudem eine Wasseraufnahme von wenigstens 10 Gew.%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 15 Gew.% und besonders bevorzugt wenigstens 20 Gew.% des Gesamtgewichts des Trocknungsmaterials.After this the effective rate of desorption and desorption also from the Particle size should depend no significant change the particle sizes take place, i.e. The drying material should be both abrasion resistant and do not clump together. Also required is a water intake of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 15% by weight, and especially preferably at least 20% by weight of the total weight of the drying material.
In
den letzten Jahren sind in der Literatur neue metallorganische Gerüstmaterialien
(metallorganic framework = MOF) beschrieben worden, die in Bezug
auf Synthese, Struktur, katalytische Eigenschaften, ihre Eignung
zur Gasspeicherung, insbesondere von Methan, Erdgas und Wasserstoff,
untersucht worden sind (
Bislang werden zur Lufttrocknung synthetisch hergestellt Zeolithe oder Silicagel eingesetzt. Diese zeichnen sich durch ein relativ hohes Wasseraufnahmevermögen aus.So far For the drying of air, synthetically produced zeolites or silica gel used. These are characterized by a relatively high water absorption capacity.
Nachteilig an den Zeolithen ist der während des Gebrauchs auftretende Abrieb, insbesondere, wenn sie als Kugelschüttung Anwendung in Lufttrocknern finden. Bereits infolge der abriebbedingten Verkleinerung der Kugeloberfläche nimmt die Resorptionsgeschwindigkeit zu. Der durch den Abrieb entstehende Staub verklumpt zudem in Anwesenheit von Feuchtigkeit und verklebt/verklumpt weitere Zeolithpartikel miteinander. Die Größe und Form der Zeolithpartikel wird hierdurch erheblich verändert. Nachdem bei unregelmäßigen größeren Agglomeraten infolge der längeren mittleren Wegstrecke eines Wassermoleküls bei der Ab-/Desorption die Sorptionsgeschwindigkeiten abnehmen, kann letztendlich die erforderliche effektive und reversible Lufttrocknung nicht mehr gewährleistet werden.adversely at the zeolites is the during the Wear occurring in use, in particular when used as a pouring ball find in air dryers. Already as a result of abrasion-related reduction the sphere surface increases the absorption rate. The resulting from the abrasion Dust also clumps in the presence of moisture and sticks / clumps additional zeolite particles with each other. The size and shape of the zeolite particles is thereby significantly changed. After with irregular larger agglomerates as a result of the longer mean distance of a water molecule during the desorption / desorption sorption rates In the end, the required effective and reversible air drying can decrease no longer guaranteed become.
Das durch den Abrieb entstehende Zeolithpulver weist einen weiteren Nachteil auf, denn der feine Pulverstaub gelangt in das Bremssystem und kann dort zu einer vollständigen Störung führen. Nachteilig an den synthetischen Zeolithen ist weiterhin deren aufwändige und damit kostenintensive Herstellung und die Begrenzung des Wasseraufnahmevermögens auf ca. 20 Gew%.The by the abrasion resulting zeolite powder has another Disadvantage, because the fine powder dust enters the brake system and can become a complete one there disorder to lead. adversely on the synthetic zeolites is still the costly and thus costly production and limiting the water absorption capacity about 20% by weight.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, einen Lufttrockner vorzuschlagen, der die erforderliche Trocknungsleistung zeigt, sich mit Druckluft regenerieren lässt, der weitgehend abriebfest ist und nicht verklumpt und sich zudem kostengünstig herstellen lässt.The Object of the present invention is therefore an air dryer suggest that shows the required drying capacity, with Can regenerate compressed air, which is largely resistant to abrasion and not clumped and also economical can be produced.
Erstaunlicherweise wurde festgestellt, dass ein wirksamer und kostengünstiger Lufttrockner für Druckluftbremsanlagen hergestellt werden kann, wenn dieser als Trocknungsmaterialien MOFs (metallorganische Frameworks) umfasst, deren Metalle aus der Gruppe der Übergangsmetalle, insbesondere der VIIIa, Ia und IIa Nebengruppe ausgewählt werden und deren Linker wenigstens bidentate, d.h. wenigstens zweizähnige Linker sind.Amazingly, was found to be more effective and cost effective Air dryer for compressed air brake systems can be prepared when this as drying materials MOFs (organometallic frameworks) comprising metals from the group the transition metals, in particular the VIIIa, Ia and IIa subgroup are selected and their linker at least bidentate, i. at least bidentate linker are.
Vorzugsweise sind die Metalle Cu, Zn, Co oder Ni und die wenigstens bidentate Linker aus der Gruppe der Benzoltricarboxylat (BTC), p-Benzoldicarboxylat (p-BDC), m-Benzoldicarboxylat (m-BDC), 1,4-dicarboxylat-2-brombenzol (Br-BDC), Tetramethyl-terephthalat (TMBDC), Tetrafluorterephthalat (TFBDC), Naphtalin-2,6-dicarboxylat (NDC), 2-diazobicyclo[2.2.2.]oktan (DABCO), Biphenyldicarboxylat (BPDC), Triphenyldicarboxylat (TPDC), Benzol-1,3,5-tribenzoat (BTB), 4,4'-bipyridin, Adamantan-1,3,5-tricarboxylat (ATC), trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylen (bipyen), 2-amino-1,4-benzoldicarboxylat (ABDC), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzoldicarboxylat (TBDC), 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoesäure (HDHBC), N-Pyridylnicotinamid (PNA), Pyrazin-2,3-dicarboxylat (PZDC), 1,12-Dodecandinitril (DDN), 1,4-Bis(4-pyridyl)benzol, 9,10-Bis(4-pyridyl)anthracen, 4,4'-Bis(4-pyridyl)biphenyl, Azodibenzoat (ADB), cis,cis-1,3,5-Cyclohexantricarboxylat (CTC), 2,5-Dimethylpyrazin (DMPYZ), 2,4,6-Tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazin (TPT), Acetylendicarboxylat (ADC), Methantetrabenzoat (MTB) ausgewählt. Vorzugsweise betragen die Porenvolumina der MOFs wenigstens 0,1 cm3/g und die spezifischen Oberflächen wenigstens 50 m2/g.Preferably, the metals are Cu, Zn, Co or Ni and the at least bidentate linkers are from the group of benzenetricarboxylate (BTC), p-benzenedicarboxylate (p-BDC), m-benzenedicarboxylate (m-BDC), 1,4-dicarboxylate-2 bromobenzene (Br-BDC), tetramethyl terephthalate (TMBDC), tetrafluoroterephthalate (TFBDC), naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylate (NDC), 2-diazobicyclo [2.2.2.] octane (DABCO), biphenyl dicarboxylate (BPDC), Triphenyldicarboxylate (TPDC), benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoate (BTB), 4,4'-bipyridine, adamantane-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (ATC), trans-1,2-bis (4-pyridyl) ethylene (biphenyl), 2-amino-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (ABDC), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (TBDC), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (HDHBC), N-pyridylnicotinamide ( PNA), pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylate (PZDC), 1,12-dodecanedinitrile (DDN), 1,4-bis (4-pyridyl) benzene, 9,10-bis (4-pyridyl) anthracene, 4,4 'Bis (4-pyridyl) biphenyl, azodibenzoate (ADB), cis, cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylate (CTC), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (DMPYZ), 2,4,6-tri (4-pyridyl ) -1,3,5-triazine (TPT), acetylenedica rboxylate (ADC), methane tetrabenzoate (MTB). Preferably, the pore volumes of the MOFs are at least 0.1 cm 3 / g and the specific surface areas at least 50 m 2 / g.
Beispiele der erfindungsgemäß als Trocknungsmaterialien einzusetzenden MOFs sind Cu3(BTC)2, [Zn2(1,4-BDC)2-(DABCO)], [Zn2(1,4-BDC)(TMBDC)-(DABCO)], [Zn2(1,4-NDC)2(DABCO)], [Zn2(TFBDC)2-(DABCO)], [Zn2(TMBDC)2(BPY)], Cu3(BTB)3, [Zn(BDC)·(DMF)(H2O)], Zn(ABDC)(DMF)·(C5H5Cl)0,25, Zn2(TBDC)2(H2O)1,5(DMF)0,5·(DMF)(H2O), Co3(BTC)2·12H2O, Ni3(BTC)2·12H2O, Zn3(BTC)2·12H2O, [Cu(DHBC)2(4,4'-BPY)]·H2O, [Co(NCS)2(3-PNA)2]n, {[Ag(DDN)2]·NO3}n, {[Zn3(OH)2(BPDC)2·DEF·2H2O}n (DEF = N,N'-Diethylformamid), [Cu(1,4-BDC)(4,4'-BPY)0,5]n, {[Zn4O(1,4-BDC)3]·DMF·C6H5Cl}n, [Cu(1,4-BDC)(4,4'-BPY)0,5]n, {[Cu2(o-Br-1,4-BDC)2(H2O)2]·8 DMF·2H2O}n, {[Cu24(1,3-BDC)24(DMF)14(H2O)10]·50H2O·6DMF·6EtOH}n, [{Cu(4,4'-BPY)1,5]·NO3·1,5H2O}n, {[Zn(1,4-BDC)]·DMF·H2O}n, {[Zn3(1,4-BDC)3]·6MeOH}n, {[Zn2(1,3,5-BTC)(NO3)]·5EtOH·H2O)n, {[Zn(1,4-BDC)(H2O)·DMF}n, Zn2(BTC)(NO3)·H2O(C2H5OH)5, Zn2(crotonat)4(chinolin)2, Zn3(crotonat)6(chinolin)2, Cd(ATC)·[Cd(H2O)6](H2O)5, Zn2(ATB)(H2O)·(H2O)3(DMF)3, Ni2(ATC)(H2O)4·(H2O)4, Zn2(ATC)·(C2H5OH)2(H2O)2, Zn2(MTB)(H2O)2·(DMF)6(H2O)5, Zn3O(HBTB)2(H2O)·(DMF)0,5(H2O)3, Zn2(BTC)(NO3)·(H2O)0,5(C2H5OH) und Zn2(BTC)(NO3)·(H2O)0,5(C2H5OH)0,5(DMF)2,5.Examples of the MOFs to be used as the drying materials in the present invention are Cu 3 (BTC) 2 , [Zn 2 (1,4-BDC) 2 - (DABCO)], [Zn 2 (1,4-BDC) (TMBDC) - (DABCO)] , [Zn 2 (1,4-NDC) 2 (DABCO)], [Zn 2 (TFBDC) 2 - (DABCO)], [Zn 2 (TMBDC) 2 (BPY)], Cu 3 (BTB) 3 , [ Zn (BDC) · (DMF) (H 2 O)], Zn (ABDC) (DMF) · (C 5 H 5 Cl) 0.25 , Zn 2 (TBDC) 2 (H 2 O) 1.5 (DMF ) 0.5 x (DMF) (H 2 O), Co 3 (BTC) 2 x 12H 2 O, Ni 3 (BTC) 2 x 12H 2 O, Zn 3 (BTC) 2 x 12H 2 O, [Cu ( DHBC) 2 (4,4'-BPY)] .H 2 O, [Co (NCS) 2 (3-PNA) 2 ] n , {[Ag (DDN) 2 ]. NO 3 } n , {[Zn 3 (OH) 2 (BPDC) 2 · DEF · 2H 2 O} n (DEF = N, N'-diethylformamide), [Cu (1,4-BDC) (4,4'-BPY) 0.5 ] n , {[Zn 4 O (1,4-BDC) 3 ] · DMF · C 6 H 5 Cl} n , [Cu (1,4-BDC) (4,4'-BPY) 0.5 ] n , {[ Cu 2 (o-Br-1,4-BDC) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] x 8 DMF x 2H 2 O} n , {[Cu 24 (1,3-BDC) 24 (DMF) 14 (H 2 O) 10 ] × 50H 2 O × 6DMF × 6EtOH} n , [{Cu (4,4'-BPY) 1.5 ] × NO 3 × 1.5H 2 O} n , {[Zn (1,4-) BDC)] · DMF · H 2 O} n , {[Zn 3 (1,4-BDC) 3 ] · 6MeOH} n , {[Zn 2 (1,3,5-BTC) (NO 3 )] · 5EtOH · H 2 O) n , {[Zn (1,4-BDC) (H 2 O) · DMF} n , Zn 2 (BTC) (NO 3 ) · H 2 O (C 2 H 5 OH) 5 , Zn 2 (crotonate) 4 (quinoline) 2 , Zn 3 (crotonate) 6 (quinoline) 2 , Cd (ATC) · [Cd (H 2 O) 6 ] (H 2 O) 5 , Zn 2 (ATB) (H 2 O) · (H 2 O) 3 (DMF) 3 , Ni 2 (ATC) ( H 2 O) 4 · (H 2 O) 4 , Zn 2 (ATC) · (C 2 H 5 OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 , Zn 2 (MTB) (H 2 O) 2 · (DMF) 6 (H 2 O) 5 , Zn 3 O (HBTB) 2 (H 2 O) x (DMF) 0.5 (H 2 O) 3 , Zn 2 (BTC) (NO 3 ) x (H 2 O) O , 5 (C 2 H 5 OH) and Zn 2 (BTC) (NO 3 ). (H 2 O) 0.5 (C 2 H 5 OH) 0.5 (DMF) 2.5 .
Diese MOFs zeichnen sich durch reversible, hinreichend schnelle Wasseradsorption und Wasserdesorption aus, und zwar über einen Temperaturbereich von –40°C bis 120°C und bei einem Druck von wenigstens 1 bis über 15 bar. Weiterhin lässt sich das adsorbierte Wasser durch Einleiten von Luft, vorzugsweise unter einem geringen Druck, wieder entfernen, was die MOFs als Trocknungsmaterialien in automatischen Lufttrocknern geeignet macht.These MOFs are characterized by reversible, sufficiently fast water adsorption and water desorption, over a range of temperatures from -40 ° C to 120 ° C and at a pressure of at least 1 to over 15 bar. Furthermore, it is possible the adsorbed water by introducing air, preferably below a low pressure, again remove what the MOFs as drying materials makes it suitable in automatic air dryers.
Das Wasseraufnahmevermögen der MOFs beträgt wenigstens 20 Gew%.The Water absorption capacity of the MOFs at least 20% by weight.
Bevorzugt sind von diesen Verbindungen Metallkomplexe mit Benzoltricarboxylat als Linker, insbesondere Netzwerke der Formel M3(BTC)2, vorzugsweise mit einem Kristallwasser, wobei M ein Übergangsmetall und insbesondere Cu, Co, Ni oder Zn ist.Of these compounds, preference is given to metal complexes with benzene tricarboxylate as linker, in particular networks of the formula M 3 (BTC) 2 , preferably with a water of crystallization, where M is a transition metal and in particular Cu, Co, Ni or Zn.
Besonders bevorzugt ist Cu3(BTC)2 (mit BTC = Benzol-1,3,5-tricarboxylat), das sich durch ein hohes spezifisches Porenvolumen von 0,41 cm3/g, einen Porendurchmesser von ca. 1,07 nm (Harvath-Kawazoe), ein hohes Wasseraufnahmevermögen, hohe Desorptionsgeschwindigkeiten und insbesondere eine einfache und kostengünstige Herstellung auszeichnet.Particularly preferred is Cu 3 (BTC) 2 (with BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate), which is characterized by a high specific pore volume of 0.41 cm 3 / g, a pore diameter of about 1.07 nm ( Harvath-Kawazoe), a high water absorption capacity, high desorption rates and in particular a simple and inexpensive production is characterized.
Im
Vergleich zu Zeolithen, deren Herstellung hohe Temperaturen und
eine Ionentauscherstufe erfordert, kann das Cu3(BTC)2 durch Behandlung einer Mischung aus Kupfernitratlösung mit
einer ethanolischen Benzol-1,3,5-tricarbonsäurelösung im
Autoklaven bei 393 K über
eine Zeitdauer von 12 Stunden hergestellt werden, wie bei Schlichte
et al in
In ähnlicher
Weise lassen sich auch andere M3(BTC)2-Verbindungen, beispielsweise mit M = Co, Ni,
Zn, synthetisieren, wie beispielsweise in
Die erfindungsgemäßen Lufttrockner können die MOFs als Schüttgut umfassen, insbesondere in Form einer Kugelschüttung, wobei die einzelnen Partikel eine etwa gleichmäßig große Kugelform besitzen sollten.The Air dryer according to the invention can they MOFs as bulk material comprise, in particular in the form of a ball bed, wherein the individual Particle an approximately uniformly large spherical shape should own.
Die MOFs zeichnen sich durch Abreibfestigkeit auch bei Kugelschüttung aus, d.h. die Entstehung von Pulverstaub, der zu Störungen der Bremsanlage führt, wird vermieden. Auch ist die Verklumpungsneigung bei Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen MOFs gering.The MOFs are characterized by abrasion resistance even with ball fill, i.e. the formation of powder dust, which leads to disturbances of the brake system is avoided. Also, the clumping tendency is when using the MOFs according to the invention low.
Weiterhin verfügen die MOFs über ein höheres Wasseraufnahmevermögen als die Zeolithe. Ein weiterer Vorteil der MOFs besteht darin, dass bei Aktivierung eine Farbänderung erfolgt. So ist beispielsweise Cu3(BTC)2 im feuchten Zustand türkisblau und im trockenen Zustand dunkelblau/violett, so dass die Überprüfung des Zustands des Trocknungsmittels optisch erfolgen kann.Furthermore, the MOFs have a higher water absorption capacity than the zeolites. Another advantage of the MOFs is that a color change occurs when activated. Thus, for example, Cu 3 (BTC) 2 is turquoise-blue in the wet state and dark blue / violet in the dry state, so that the state of the drying agent can be visually checked.
Selbstverständlich besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die MOFs auf einem Trägermaterial zu fixieren. Als Trägermaterialien können beispielsweise Bahnmaterialien, insbesondere Vliese umfassende Materialien, eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist, dass das die erfindungsgemäßen Lufttrocknungsmaterialien umfassende Bahnmaterial, insbesondere Vlies, in einem Lufttrockner spiralförmig aufgewickelt für eine Luftdurchströmung in Richtung der Spiralachse einbringbar ist. Die Fixierung der Trocknungsmaterialien kann beispielsweise durch Verkleben erfolgen. Auch können die Trocknungsmaterialpartikel beispielsweise zwischen zwei Vliesscheiben sandwichartig fixiert sein.Of course, there is also the possibility the MOFs on a carrier material to fix. As carrier materials can For example, web materials, in particular nonwovens comprehensive materials, be used. It is particularly preferred that this is the air-drying materials according to the invention comprehensive web material, in particular nonwoven, in an air dryer spirally wound up for an air flow in the direction of the spiral axis can be introduced. The fixation of the drying materials can be done for example by gluing. Also, the Drying material particles, for example sandwiched between two fleece discs be fixed.
Bei der Anwendung auf einem Trägermaterial sollte die Partikelgröße der Trocknungsmaterialien unter 1,0 mm, vorzugsweise unter 0,5 mm und besonders bevorzugt unter 0,1 mm liegen, um sowohl eine effektive Trocknung als auch eine effektive Regenerierung zu erreichen.at the application on a carrier material The particle size of the drying materials should be below 1.0 mm, preferably less than 0.5 mm, and more preferably below 0.1 mm to both an effective drying and a to achieve effective regeneration.
Vorzugsweise sollten die Partikel auch im Wesentlichen kugelförmig sein, insbesondere, wenn sie in Form von Kugelschüttungen eingesetzt werden. Bei dieser Form der Verwendung sollten die Kugeln ca. 1–2 mm Durchmesser haben.Preferably the particles should also be substantially spherical, especially if they are in the form of ball piles be used. In this form of use, the balls should about 1-2 mm diameter.
Natürliche Zeolithe
wie Klinopilolith haben innere Oberflächen von ungefähr 360 m2/g und liegen damit deutlich unter dem Wert
für Cu3BTC2. Andere MOFs
zeigen noch deutlich höhere
Oberflächen
wie zum Beispiel MOF-5 mit einer Oberfläche von 2900 m2/g
oder MOF-177 mit 4500 m2/g (
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und Vergleichsversuchen beschrieben.The Invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments and comparative experiments described.
1. Qualitative Beschreibung der Verklumpungsversuche:1. Qualitative description of the clumping experiments:
Eine definierte Menge von natürlichem Zeolithpulver und Cu3(BTC)2 (jeweils 5 g) wurden jeweils in eine Petrischale gegeben und tropfenweise mit 5 ml Wasser versetzt. Dabei wurde beobachtet, dass das Zeolithpulver das Wasser vollständig aufsaugt, ähnlich wie ein Schwamm, wohingegen das Cu3(BTC)2 sich nicht mit dem Wasser vermischte.A defined amount of natural zeolite powder and Cu 3 (BTC) 2 (5 g each) were added to a Petri dish and treated dropwise with 5 ml of water. It was observed that the zeolite powder completely absorbs the water, much like a sponge, whereas the Cu 3 (BTC) 2 does not mix with the water.
Anschließend wurden die Proben im Trockenschrank bei 110°C 2 Stunden getrocknet.Subsequently were the samples are dried in a drying oven at 110 ° C for 2 hours.
Das Ergebnis zeigt, das Cu3(BTC)2 annähernd unverändert ist, wohingegen das Zeolithpulver ein festes Agglomerat gebildet hat.The result shows that Cu 3 (BTC) 2 is approximately unchanged, whereas the zeolite powder has formed a solid agglomerate.
2. Vergleich der Adsorption2. Comparison of adsorption
Zur
Bestimmung der Adsorption wurden Cu3(BTC)2 Proben zunächst bei 200 °C getrocknet. Anschließend wurden
die Proben in ein mit Wasser gefülltes
und geschlossenes Gefäß gestellt
und die Gewichtszunahme alle zwei Minuten mit einer Analysenwaage
gemessen.
3. Vergleich der Desorption3. Comparison of desorption
Für die Desorptionsmessungen wurden die Proben zunächst 24 Std. in einem mit Wasser gefüllten Exsikkator konditioniert. Anschließen wurden die Proben in einer Analysenwaage mit eingebauter Halogenlampe für 15 Minuten bei 200°C erhitzt, wobei die Gewichtsabnahme pro Zeiteinheit automatisch durch das Gerät registriert wurde.For the desorption measurements the samples were first 24 hours in a water-filled room Desiccator conditioned. The samples were then combined in a Analytical balance with built-in halogen lamp heated for 15 minutes at 200 ° C, wherein the weight loss per unit of time automatically by the Device registered has been.
Die
Desorptionsmessungen an dem besonders bevorzugten MOF Cu3(BTC)2 sind im Vergleich zu
den Desorptionsmessungen an synthetischem und natürlichem
Zeolith in
MOFs zeigen somit eine geringe Neigung zur Agglomeratbildung und stellen damit eine Alternative zum industriell angewandten Zeolith dar. Ein eventuelles Kondensieren von Wasser in der Lufttrocknerpatrone stellt hier zwar auch ein Problem dar, die Funktionsfähigkeit kann hier aber wiederhergestellt werden, da eine Verklumpung nicht stattfindet.MOF thus show a low tendency to agglomerate and provide thus an alternative to industrially applied zeolite. A possible condensation of water in the air dryer cartridge Although here is also a problem, the functionality but can be restored here because a clumping does not takes place.
Claims (14)
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