DE102006028758A1 - Digi-Therm-process machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel process, d. H. characterized by a common main feature functional, design, process and arrangement ways, for the innovative realization of equipment (equipment, vehicles, etc.), which contain one or more cooling machines according to the invention (AKM). In order to be able to clearly state the characteristics of the invention in a concise form, the term Digi-Therm-Process (DTP) was chosen on the basis of a factual justification for the use of the method according to the invention as well as for the description of the characteristics of the invention. Because the method is a very complicated, essentially thermodynamic process, whose operational management beyond theoretically optimal conditions without a digital control hardly feasible practical, this designation (DTP) was considered as factually suitable designation for the use of inventive AKM. The characteristics of the invention should make it possible for the first time in general cases, previously not achievable, to be excluded according to the 2nd law of conventional thermodynamics efficiencies (greater Carnot efficiency) in the generation of mechanical energy from heat differential sources z. B. incineration and / or vapor sources practically or also to increase the power density of such equipment significantly. In order to realize such a Perpetuum Mobile of the 2nd kind, the invention characteristics or ...

Description

- Section 1 - previous ones technical possibilities and introductory Description of the invention:

In extension to the convective way to Heitzen (combustion) it is already possible for heat energy to use the expansion energy of the heat and reaction process in combustion in volume pressure force transducers (VDKW) eg in engines or turbines. The additional use of expansion energy when heating various media (eg: water, ethanol, ect.) Behind and in the combustion chamber or separately (eg geothermal use) is known as Dampfmaschiene or Verbrennungsdampfmaschiene (steam medium is heated directly in the combustion chamber) for a long time , These technical equipment or combinations thereof are hereinafter referred to with the name Heitzkraftmaschiene (HKM). For the use of the invention properties to be protected in combination with a HKM, it does not matter whether the thermal energy (heat difference) used is generated by simple combustion, solar radiation, geothermal or other other means, and with what type of VDKW it is transferred into mechanical energy , The use of cooling due to volume reduction (with and without steam condensation) as Abkühlungskraftmaschiene (AKM) has already been made possible by Stirling and Rider machines, but has also been described in other ways (eg DT 26 10 438 A1 ). However, these representations are often unprofitable in their technical implementation and, moreover, have a performance weight or volume which, for example, can not be tolerated by modern vehicle engineering. Even a cylinder arrangement which has large heat exchanger surfaces has already been disclosed for the realization of an AKM (eg DE 103 19 806 A1 ). However, this arrangement is very expensive to manufacture, and has because of the required displacement, as other machines of this type major disadvantages in terms of the possible cooling speed and homogeneity of the cooling of the operating medium. It was therefore already described the structure of equipment, which can greatly increase the cooling rate compared to the opposite by the shift of the cooling in a heat exchanger (cooler) (eg DE 10 2004 032 215 A1 ). The disadvantage of these devices is that the resulting negative pressure during the cooling of gases or vapors could not be transferred loss to the VDKW used here. The idea underlying these devices is the combination of an HKM and an AKM, which, however, has not been universally analyzed in any previous publication, and could be presented with technically optimized solutions for general practical feasibility. These two subdevices as well as their combinations will be discussed in the following on their differentiated functional sections. The HKM requires, if it has no internal combustion, a volume pressure force transducer for pressing (VDKW-D) of the working medium. In addition, an HKM after the pre-compression (VDKW-D) requires a high-pressure heater (HDE) for heating the working medium or the pressure generation. To transfer the volume pressure power into mechanical power is then still working VDKW (VDKW-A) required as the last essential function section. (In a reciprocating internal combustion engine, for example, the functions of VDKW-D, HDE and VDKW-A can be met by an arrangement in a combined manner) The AKM requires their side a vacuum cooler (UDK), as well as a working VDKW (VDKW-A ) to convert the vacuum power into mechanical power. In addition, for the removal of the working medium from the UDK, in order to enable continuous operation, another VDKW function for maintaining the vacuum is necessary (VDKW-U). The most optimized combination of HKM and AKM has long been known from the basic principle, the two VDKW-A are combined into a VDKW-AK, and the auxiliary VDKW on the other side of the HDE and UDK also to a VDKW-DU can be combined. Here, the function of the VDKW-DU in a cyclic working structure can also be realized by a valve seperating the volume pressure force effect in the direction of action, as has already been published in 1986 for the basic principle of the possible combination of HKM and AKM ( DE 34 39 983 A1 ). However, the construction shown there is technically useful only for liquid media, in addition to poor thermal expansion ratios have worse viscosity properties than gases, since in the meantime vaporous working media here is the problem of low-loss power transmission between UDK and VDKW-AK. For the use of superheated vapors as the working medium, a possibility for implementing this functional principle has already been published, which according to the invention can also be implemented for liquids (incompressible) or mixtures of both (eg DE 10 2004 047 896 A1 ). However, if the method of construction in the last-mentioned publication is implemented with partially and / or completely condensed working media, untreated technical problems arise during continuous ejection or return of the condensate (impairment of the optimal turbine function due to the mass action of liquid droplets), their general solutions do not have any novel functionality, but one new technical structure corresponds. The discussed in this publication possibility to perform a working medium by expansion or by differences in the volume flow rate of serially operated flow machines, even without direct cooling is technically possible, but not favorable for the power density and the efficiency. The explicit, targeted inclusion of evaporation and condensation of parts or the entire working fluid is technically optimal from the thermal expansion ratio and viscosity compromise, but so far technically not feasible for general application examples. These, for the general applicability of the compound of HKM and AKM missing technical problems are unresolved according to previous knowledge, or can be practically realized only with severe limitations of the technical usability. In order to be able to discuss the generally applicable technical solution approach (DTP), the connection or interaction between UDK and the VDKW in the AKM is initially named as a problem source already mentioned. The possibility in thermodynamic systems by additional, technically meaningful heat pressure and / or force transmissions to increase the efficiency, or to reduce the process cost is well known, and is shown in some publications for different examples of applications (eg DE 102 60 444 A1 ). Due to principle contradictions in the design requirements, despite the state of the technical implementation possibilities so far no way has been known to overcome the disadvantages of the existing technical possibilities or to merge the advantages of the known approaches. The incompleteness of classical thermodynamics, and therefore resulting development opportunities for the operability of heat engines, has been pointed out in various publications, with fallacies from the analysis for the possible combinations of HKM and AKM, due to misjudgment of the technical possibilities are common. In the already mentioned publication ( DE 10 2004 047 896 A1 ) from the year 2006 results from new definitions for possible cycle processes, for example, the realization that it is impossible to realize a process according to the invention with cyclically operating VDKW (eg piston engine), and in any case a flow machine is required. For the evaluation of the present invention, the general workability of thermal power machines that has hitherto been realized is decisive, taking into account the power densities which have hitherto been achievable. Since the invention, for such machines a generally useful advance step is described, are simplistic limitations of conventional postulates, such as closed material cycles, heat supply with appropriate heat dissipation, constant Agregatzustände, ect. for the use of the features or advantages of the invention is not of limiting importance. However, the statements made about the laws described there in a simplified manner can be refuted by DTP machines operated according to these laws and by the described type of technical implementation possibilities. The simultaneous consideration of the combination of more than two state variables for the description of more complex thermodynamic processes, such as pressure, volume, temperature, mass, viscosity, heat conduction, heat capacity, physical and chemical reactions (eg Agregateustandsverhalten, combustion processes, ect), flows, translations , Rotations and force repercussions or resonances is not a scientific novelty and has long been part of the technical state of, for example, the development of turbines. For this reason, modern publications from the corresponding technical literature are known, which for the description of complex thermodynamic processes, the use of far-reaching analytical methods (multiphysics FEM simulations), but also the use of test methods out interactively investigating methods for system description (eg neural networks) , The novel possibility (DTP) discovered by technical-analytical investigations (research) for the real combination of the hitherto non-combinable advantages of the mentioned approaches, as well as the procedural, construction and arrangement guidelines developed thereon are the subject of the present invention. This is characterized by the first general feasibility of the described combination of WKM and AKM, and by the first time possible, previously practically unattainable applications, efficiencies and power densities. The scientific foundations for the realization of a device according to the invention are to be found mainly according to requirements of the technical literature for thermodynamic processes, in particular with consideration of dynamic (kinetically induced) process properties. The necessary for the realization and optimization, in the disclosure of the invention characteristics but not in detail representable scientific foundations can be found in the respective relevant professional publications (metrology, control engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, mathematics, chemistry, general physics, ect.). It can be seen on the basis of the scope of the invention that not all known auxiliary methods for realizing a device according to the invention can be shown in the patent specification, and that the innovative features of the invention are based on the detailed procedure for dimensioning, manufacturing and management are independent.

- Section 2 - problem definition, approach and continuing Description of the invention:

The present invention is a functional principle (DTP) which is characterized in that the required for the realization of novel combinations of Veres- design and arrangement modes, when using inventively constructed Abkühlungskraftmaschienen (AKM) significant advantages compared to the prior art and technical To disclose publications. A feature of the invention is thereby to increase the potential efficiency in the field of combustion and thermal power machines, in previously undiscovered manner, and / or to considerably reduce the power weight or volume previously possible for such machines. The disclosure of the invention provides a large number of novel, technically meaningful, practically realizable equipment. Judging from the specialist literature for thermal power machines, it is not possible to construct a heat engine that has an efficiency greater than the known Carnot efficiency in an infinitely cyclical process. As already described, publications have been written which describe the additional usability of the generally known negative pressure on cooling of a medium to the energy of expansion generally used. Regardless of weight and effort, this is feasible according to the prior art and publications only to a very limited degree of efficiency. The ability to realize such a periodically and continuously operating heat to force transducer with a greatly increased power density and the highest theoretical efficiency heretofore is the most essential feature of the development step made possible by the description of the present invention. The connection of, for example, a Verbrennungskraftmaschiene or a fuel cell with a convection steam engine has long been known, included in the scope of the invention, but not to pay particular attention. It should nevertheless be mentioned that to these as well as to other functional areas, known and unknown function-promoting facilities, such as: a depending on Themperatur- or cooling demand liquid pumped, well distributed (eg sprayed) steam and or cooling medium to realize a higher Control speeds of the cooling or steam power may be part of a device according to the invention. To use a Abkühlungskraftmaschiene (AKM) following a combustion steam or combustion steam engine or other heat sources is hardly possible in a profitable power density, or at a reasonable cost. This is less due to the very heavy and expensive construction of such a thermodynamic system and not too much to the very high and complex regulatory effort, but mainly because the previously considered design methods could not promise a practically justifiable benefit. This is due to the recent lack of combination possibilities of high and fast or even cooling and low-loss transmission between volume pressure and mechanical power within the AKM. The hitherto known types of AKM are thus in most cases not technically meaningful, although the agregate state change contained in the steam machine cycle when cooled should theoretically make it possible to theoretically achieve a conversion efficiency which is superior to the Carnot process for the conversion into mechanical power. This efficiency can be realized technically meaningful for a cyclical process by the, on the properties of the Abkühlungskraftmaschienen according to the invention, or by the characterized over it, the invention underlying Digi-Therm process. The DTP is mainly based on the, if possible, use of the expansion pressure (HKM) and the subsequent use of the relative negative pressure (AKM) produced during cooling, via the novel process design and / or assembly properties described below for the implementation of AKM according to the invention or the required VDKW and / or UDK. In this case, however, it is indispensable for an acceptable degree of efficiency and characteristic that the heat medium relaxes according to convective utilization forms of the expansion energy, and is cooled down again in the second process section with increased volume. According to the invention, it is possible for individual and / or multiple process sections to be superimposed by the DTP in terms of time and space. When using the DTP over, by the protection features in more detail described VDKW or UDK, or their combinations for the hot exhaust gases of combustion or Verbrennungsdampfagregaten, in contrast to pure working as a thermal power plant arrangements (eg, pure steam power plant) no closed cycle (closed cycle ) feasible. But again, when using an AKM according to the invention is a working according to the DTP equipment, which has the special property that heated to be heated working medium partially or completely by their own combustion, and also changed by the chemical reaction in the intrinsic volume. However, according to the invention, the material cycle potentially self-contained in pure heat power plants can also be operated partially or completely separated as required (eg synergy possibilities with the operating environment). This means that the DTP is a closed one Circular process can be, but does not have to be. It should be noted that any function-expanding devices, for example for exhaust gas recirculation and / or cleaning, can also be used or integrated in an appliance according to the invention. Like other plant modules, these can also be connected and / or combined in any form by, for example, heat, pressure and / or force exchange, or by particle removal via process media, as well as other technical synergy possibilities with other plant components or the operating environment. The preheating or complete vaporization of a vapor medium by the simultaneous function as, for example, engine or fuel cell cooling, independent of optional intermediate media, is to be understood as a possible component of equipment applicable to the invention features. Since devices according to the invention (DTP machines) were not yet to be constructed in a technically meaningful form without the invention features to be presented further, the consideration of further properties generally and implicitly is to be understood as an integral part of the invention. Since the possible combinations of different modules and operating fields can be of the most varied and arbitrary nature, and their behavior can not yet be calculated analytically, it is not possible at this point to make an accurate statement about the possible efficiency of such a device (estimated at 75-85 % possible purely mechanical efficiency, but also for example Heitzugs- or multi-stage systems such as modern combined cycle power plants, other calculation bases for the overall efficiency are available as in pure, single-stage thermal power machines). However, the technical Vortschrittlichkeit compared with previously published design approaches is due to the thus made possible, higher cooling speed and uniformity, as well as the possible savings mechanically loaded and lossy sliding seals (piston), as well as by the low-loss volume pressure to force transmission comprehensible. The essential characteristics of the invention greatly increase the possible line density of such a device, and make the process much more efficient, cheaper and technically much easier to implement. The problem of implementation of the cooling and force conversion devices in the case of gaseous and partially or completely condensing working media, which is the basis of the DTP for the pressure release (volume change) between the working phases, can be explained by the design, method and arrangement methods for VDKW or UDK in general, that is to be solved for a wide variety of application requirements. Due to the protection features described above, the construction of cyclically operating machines that can not be realized as profitable and that can achieve a higher efficiency than Carnot efficiency is made possible for the first time in a generally and compactly realizable manner via the invention features underlying the DTP. The necessary measures, or functional, construction, process and arrangement features of the invention, as well as practical embodiments, described due to their scope by the protective features and their complementary examples.

- Section 3 - Application framework of the invention and illustration of an example DTP

The DTP according to the invention may be used in any application and operating environment individually and or in conjunction with other equipment or components. The detailed description of application fields and combinations of functions according to the invention can be found in the protection features and examples. For the sake of greater clarity, the DTP is generally described above and, for example, for a device with a vapor medium as the working medium in the pressure-volume-temperature (DVT) diagram, and the process control points and their transitions to it are discussed. In this case, two possible layers of the expansion work phase are shown, in which case, in the case of a course through the wet steam zone from the superstructure, care must be taken that only saturated steam can be taken from the heating device for the volume work. The operation is in a similar form for hot gas media or combustion or Verbrennungsdampfagregate representable, with the main difference in that instead of the wet steam phase, for example, in addition to or instead of a combustion process is observed. For a DTP machine with steam or partial steam medium as the working medium, it should be noted for a high power density that the DVT operating range for expansion work should be outside the respective wet steam phase. Likewise, the vacuum working phase or the cooling should be completed only when the DVT state of the working fluid on the liquid side beyond the wet steam phase, or all condensable vapors are condensed. Unlike conventional steam engines, the DTP also allows high efficiency operation, with the expansion working phase passing through the wet steam zone. In this case, because of the matching temperature, both working phases can be combined with one another in a VDKW (eg a piston machine extended according to the invention) without an additionally integrated intermediate cooling being necessary or meaningful. In the case of DTP, a working medium consisting entirely or partly of hot gas (s) used, during pressing or compression (eg internal combustion engine) already carried out a heating, in which case the combination of both working phases, for example, in an inventively extended vane pump in a VDKW is possible. However, the key cornerstones of the DTP are otherwise the same in the case of hot gases and combustion or combustion steam engines as in the following exemplary DVT diagram for a pure vapor medium (for example, water). It should be noted that the fully illustrated DTP has two working phases, with the nature of the volume pressure work shifting from the overpressure to the vacuum working phase between vertices 4 and 5 in the DVT diagram. When combining the work phases in a VDKW these two vertices intermesh and the end of the overpressure working phase equals the beginning of the vacuum working phase. However, within the scope of the invention are also all equipment in which even the second working phase (negative pressure process) according to the novel protective features for Abkühlungskraftmaschienen is simply or repeatedly included. For even such a device, such as the mechanical extension of an artificial or natural hot gas or steam source without pressure, which performs only the vacuum process in the inventive manner is to be understood as a first described by the invention and thus on this DTP machine.

- Section 4 - discussion the process vertices, and the intervening process sections for the example a DTP with a liquid to be evaporated or condensed (Water) as a working medium in a closed cycle is used:

• 1) Starting point from the DTP, at ambient pressure, a temperature lower than the boiling point and the associated volume (Compensation containers)
• - Press in from the working medium in the high-pressure working circle or the facilities for heating (e.g., engine cooling, heat exchangers to cool down the working medium between the process corners 4 and 5, cooling a Solar thermal heated intermediate medium, ect.)
• 2) completion of one, for gases as a working medium due to compression-related heating, or conclusion of the Pressing in the vapor medium. Start the Aufheitzug and the so connected volume expansion (or ignition point in combustion and Verbrennungsdampfagregaten)
• - The Heating the working medium may, as it is e.g. is common in Verbrennungskraftmaschienen with the first working phase of the DTP (volume expansion work between the vertices 3 and 4) spatially and or temporally overlay.
• 3) First working phase of the DTP, for which any volume pressure force transducer (VDKW) can be used.
• - For this Function section of the DTP it is not significant whether the volume extent of the pressurized working medium by pistons, turbines or otherwise used. Since there are already many known possibilities this is just a conventional feature, but possible Part of the innovative in its technical possibilities DTP.
• 4) Relaxation of the residual pressure, or flow into another working volume (UDK), but at the same time only the expansion of a previous workload (VDKW) can be.
• - Of the Changing the volume V2 to V3 is to be dimensioned in this way, that the amount of steam or gas from the process vertex 4 at least Ambient pressure level can be expanded, wherein a vaporous working medium, if it flows around it in another volume of work, however should not condense yet.
• - At The expansion can also target an initial negative pressure through the Use of a conventional VDKW (for example piston engine) or by the kinetic energy of the previous filling of a UDK (by close the inlet before closing of the outlet) become. This one increases the resulting negative pressure on cooling, the cooling or transfer medium to promote, in whole or in part, and also a compensation for the energy to speed up the previous content of one UDK deliver. At VDKW, other beneficial influences such as For example, in a piston engine a hamonic velocity course to achieve the crankshaft at bottom dead center.
• - Next The expansion to at least normal pressure level can also, in one potential Implementation of DTP with UDK (working volume change) and superheated steam this point the use of a heat exchanger for intermediate cooling of a Working medium, or optionally also for heating the cooler, freshly pressed working medium can be used.
• 5) Cooling (optionally also further expansion) of the working medium by the method of construction and arrangement according to the invention shown in the following. They enable a hitherto inaccessible efficiency and power density characteristic for the first time in this process section. This process section is thus independent of its operating environment, eg hot gas or vapor sources or cooling media in conjunction with its associated characteristics of the invention the most essential feature for the DTP or a erfin DTP machine according to the invention.
• - doing so it is a characteristic feature that the Kühlflächen- and or power transmission media in the second working phase volume (VDKW or UDK) partially or completely liquid or drop-shaped are.
• - To completed cooling or volume pressure reduction of the working medium can this, as far as it makes sense or possible is, partially or completely, directly or indirectly (e.g. Intercooling, Filtering, ect.) In the continuous thermodynamic process be returned.

- Section 5 - The invention claims underlying protective features of the invention: (Claims and associated In addition to claims are corresponding to the main features and sub-features assigned)

• 1. A device according to the invention is characterized that a partial, more complete and or more such DTP with any technically meaningful Working media are part of the equipment. This is true Special too if only part of the function of a Stirling engine, the on the by cooling conditional volume pressure rating is used in the equipment, and For this purpose, the invention features described below for the efficiency and power density increase partially or completely be used. This kind of Abkühlungskraftmaschiene so far practically is not used, is due to the slow cooling effect or complicated construction of such a previously known vacuum cylinder, or the bad power transmission established in the previous systems with vacuum coolers (UDK). The Disclosure of the present invention makes it possible by novel properties this functional section with reasonable effort, at a previously unattainable To realize power density and a similar degree of efficiency. If the possibilities according to the invention partially or completely in this functional section Cooling surface and or transmission media the liquid are realized, the equipment is one after the first Protection feature of the invention characterized DTP machine.
• 2. The second protection feature describes the characterizing properties of AKM according to the invention of various embodiments. It is not possible or technically meaningful in a volume pressure force transducer (VDKW) with completed working volume (eg piston machine) to set up a gas flow channeling so that a uniform and rapid heat or cold transmission of or to a gas volume is made possible. For this purpose, the realization of the cooling surface and optional partial or complete power transmission by a liquid or droplet-shaped cooling medium, in addition to any VDKW disclosed in the invention as an optional protective feature. In these remarks, the UDK is integrated into the volume of work of the VDKW-A, which at the same time takes over the function or part of the function from the VDKW-U. In the process, the cooling or transfer medium can be pressed in as part of the underpressure working phase and / or can be drawn in by way of negative pressure via optional throttling devices and also be submerged under the action of work, and distributed in a freely selectable manner (eg spray nozzles). In all negative pressure working modules according to the invention, during the cooling of, for example, a partial vapor medium, a discharge of the condensate from the UDC together with the non-condensing gases, and / or separately, is possible. In any case, one or more devices are required for the VDKW-U function (eg gear pump, valve (s), or a vacuum sink in the operating environment). Even if the condensate is taken, for example, by a turbine in the VDKW-U function, it is true that it represents as a liquid part of the cooling surface for the hot gas in the UDK, which may otherwise have other conventional cooling devices, but because of the possibility Application of suitable processes (eg expansion) need not have. In a separate discharge from the condensate this can act as a liquid transmission medium to counteract the negative pressure by transferring to any VDKW (eg gear pump) loss. There is a further optional feature of the invention, the ability to operate a Abkühlungskraftmaschiene invention (AKM) with not firmly breaking VDKW, for example, between two turbine wheels. Likewise, the realization of an AKM according to the invention by a UDK located between any two VDKW is a protective feature of the invention. This also applies in particular as a further optional protection feature when the working medium is a pure vapor medium. It is according to the previous publication and technology so far not possible to use in the cooling of a previously, even if only partially gaseous medium in a large power cooler (heat exchanger) resulting negative pressure, low loss in a VDKW. The power transmission of the resulting negative pressure during cooling to a connected, gas-filled cylinder, or to a gas-powered pump or turbines, would be due to the Gasaus shown in several publications stretching very badly and therefore finds no further consideration in the disclosure. As a problem solution is disclosed in the invention as an optional protective feature, the power transmission and or cooling surface through a liquid or droplet-shaped medium between gas or condensation vacuum cooler (UDC) and any VDKW. The advantages here are the low-loss power transmission and or the large cooling surface. For this purpose, as a further optional sub-feature, the transfer or cooling liquid can be separated from the working medium to be cooled by a membrane which can be flexible, and these can also be permeable as required. In the case of a permeable membrane, the transfer medium can also be used as a cooling surface, and the membrane can also fulfill the function of one-way valves in this case. The ability to use instead of a membrane and structurally rigid separations, it is also a further optional protection feature of the invention. To all presented AKM properties according to the invention is added that the power transmission in a UDK can also be performed in addition to or mainly on a, not separated from the working volume liquid column on any VDKW. For all embodiments, it is an optional protection feature of the invention that the transfer liquid, if it is sprayed to the working medium as a cooling surface should not self-evaporate, but still correspond to the working medium, or so mixed as well as immiscible. After the 2nd protection feature described DTP machines are characterized in that by the application of the first protection feature in various named and unnamed execution possibilities of the invention cooling and power transmission method, in the corresponding VDKW or UDK, an AKM function with the advantages of the invention can be realized.
• 3. The basic functional process and / or design features are independent of the form, construction and or arrangement of the components to understand the 1st and or 2nd protection feature according to vacuum work module (VDKW or UDK). Thus, it is an optional protective feature of the invention that the structure, arrangement and method of a device according to the invention features, beyond the described (essential) features, regardless of notoriety or novelty and or previously unnamed advantages may be arbitrary. In the most technically significant applications, however, this particular cooling surface inlet and outlet arrangements and Massenstomgeschwindigkeitsverläufe be arranged, align and control that a fast and or from the heat exchange as uniform as possible inflow is possible, whereupon as fast and or as uniform cooling or negative pressure generation is achievable. Equally uniform and fast as the inflow, the simultaneous outflow of the previous radiator charge should then take place, whereby, if necessary, attention must be paid to the least possible mixing and / or heat exchange. The consideration of the objectives presented in the last two sentences are further optional protection features of the invention. The parallel operation of a plurality of heat exchanger channels within a UDK according to the invention is an optional, but essential protection feature of a DTP or its associated UDK according to the invention for achieving a uniform and rapid cooling of a gas amount. In particular, by means of such a UDK, it is optionally also possible to heat or evaporate other process media, or even the same vapor medium, with or without an intermediate medium. (In the case of the coolant evaporation, the cooling method or the heat dissipation from the UDK can be based on a heatpipe principle corresponding function, but also the vapor pressure and its volume pressure reduction during cooling is potentially usable) In conjunction with vacuum modules according to the invention (VDKW or UDK) are as optional but essential protection feature of the invention also multi-channel arrangements for inlets and outlets (multi-channel or multiple valves), as well as channeling or current management facilities of material flows within such modules provided. In this case, valve and current management devices (turbulators or nozzles) in any combination and or design, have active and or passive modes of operation. In particular, the use of active inlet and passive outlet valves for the working medium is an optional protective feature of a vacuum working module according to the invention. (The valves for cyclically operating AKM can also partially or completely fulfill the function of a VDKW) The uniform, self-intercepting arrangement of the liquid inflow into the volume of a UDK and or a solid spray catcher to the heat transfer surfaces, are also optional additional protection features Invention, since these design measures allow better heat utilization levels. It is also an optional protective feature of the present invention that the shape and construction of a UDK according to the invention should be such that the displacement of the negative pressure module content with as little heat as possible during hot medium entry metausch, mixing and optionally associated with losses should go, whereby form and structure otherwise may be arbitrary in a known or unknown manner. These requirements together tend to speak for many, short and narrow as well as vertical channels, as well as for the use of large-scale inlet and outlet valves and or current management devices which promote a uniform flow with little mixing. In the technical realization, however, as an optional protection feature, most of the requirements described are to be met by compromises, for example, in the channel length and the valve opening area. It is a further optional feature of the invention that the congestion effect, or deliberately intended, most low dynamic properties of the flow (time-variable and / or continuous flow resistance behavior) of the UDK is to be taken into account in this analysis. In order to realize the output of condensed working media, for example, it is an optional protective feature of each AKM according to the invention that various means (eg the gravitational and / or capillary action) can be technically considered independently of their previous reputation. A state-adaptive valve system is just another example of the technical measures to be taken into account. The third feature encompasses the functional, procedural and / or design guidelines and device characteristics described therein in any complete or incomplete combination, whatever any shapes and arrangements, and more particularly those that meet the described objectives, regardless of their prominence or novelty involves. (eg: Tubolators or surface structures or nozzles and valves, as well as their arbitrary function, design, arrangement and control to be able to meet the described functional, procedural features or design guidelines)
• 4. The optional use of any feature-enhancing Facilities such as e.g. nozzles, Turbolators, valves, Kapilaren, Rotationsseperationen ect. is in any kind, combination and arrangement, according to the 4th protection feature, independently from their previous reputation for vacuum work modules according to the invention (VDKW or UDK), as well as for characterizing all other components of a DTP machine.
• 5. The transfer between the working medium or the transfer fluid and mechanical force can according to the invention by any, so far known or unknown volume pressure to force converter (VDKW) are performed. Also the arbitrary properties of a elsewhere one, on the protective features of the invention applicable equipment used VDKW, as well as all sorts Working together hang or combinations between such devices and or the respective operating environment are optional protection features of a device according to the invention. The to be protected Process design and layout features are thus general and especially as independent of the kind and the previous notoriety, in one on the Protection features of applicable equipment used VDKW facilities, and their Usage or function combinations to understand. These are also only according to application-specific Kritärien such as integrability, efficiency, power density, overall performance, Cost, reliability, ect. to select in relation to the specific case and in relation to each other to put. (For example: piston, gear or vane pumps, valves, rotary pistons, Also turbines and membrane systems are for mechanical implementation provided according to the invention, and you can also also for Multiple functions such as a change and or combination operation used between gas engine or internal combustion engine and compressor The 5th protection feature comprises the properties shown in it of VDKW used in DTP machines as well as their possibly combined ones Use as optional characteristic protection features of the invention.
• 6. The integration of a heat exchanger between a hot gas transfer cooling and or a vapor medium within a UDK according to the invention, as well as outside heat exchangers for this purpose, another optional but essential protection feature of the present invention. Wherein the coolant can be identical with a vapor medium and optionally also with the transmission medium at the same time. A cooling or transmission medium can therefore also be used to transfer the heat to a vapor medium. This means that a heat transfer from the hot medium can take place directly to the cooling medium, which may be the transmission medium and or even a vapor medium at the same time, but need not be. Instead, or in addition, the heat from a transmission medium, which serves as an additional or single coolant and outside of the UDK to a cooling or vapor medium can be transmitted. In particular, but also the heat transfer from the hot medium to the cooling or vapor medium by the transfer medium as an intermediate medium inerhalb the vacuum cooler hereby described as a protective feature of the invention. (Eg contact between cooled walls and the hot gas and or course of Cooling channels of any type within the Übertragungsflüssigkeitsreservarts) As a further protective feature is also to mention that despite this combination options a separate, direct or indirect cooling medium as gaseous (eg room air, circulating air, usable hot gas) as liquid (eg river water, sea water) or solid (eg Heitzkörper, floor, metal cooler) can be. The 6th protective feature is thus characterized by various possibilities to cool the hot medium within a UDK according to the invention, and any means the heat in the UDK and or outside of the UDK to other media to transfer characterized.
• 7. Since the described invention is very complicated multiphysics but also because such devices with the operating conditions (e.g., aging, temperatures, ect.) is their behavior the use of any analytical as well as non-analytical exactly calculable procedures for the development, operation management and or operation optimization an optional protection feature of a device according to the invention. The identification of structural (qualitative) and / or domain-limiting ones (quantitative) properties and process variables over the single or combined Use of any known and or unknown method included as an optional protection feature. The possible solution components extend here, for example, via finite element simulations as well Of course, how about the use of behavioral adaptive components and or artificial ones Neural networks, as well as fuzzy ones Logical designs to any other numerical and / or analogue Method. In addition to the highly technical approximation and solution methods is the well-known option over targeted Test method, the behavioral properties of a structure or his operating conditions as well as analyzing their behavior. Also the adaptive adjustment of the operational management to wear and aging phenomena, as well as the fault diagnosis for deviating operating behavior, as also initiating associated Maßmahmen, are optional protective features of the invention. Another protective feature the management or control and or regulation of a device according to the invention It is that, in addition, all available electronic, mechanical, electromagnetic, electrochemical and or software means and methods individually and or can be used in any combination, regardless of their previous reputation or novelty. The development management system to be protected according to the 7th and or regulatory process and agent combinations thereto through the use of any named and or unnamed means and method, and optionally by the described for Characterizing realizing functional and construction modes. Thus, there is this optional but very important protection feature the invention in that any hardware and software or software Procedure, independent from their notoriety or novelty to exploration, development and or to overseer one their novel properties are characterized by using DTP machine can be. (e.g., by neural network based observer functions supported software monitoring and control of amplitude-phase and frequency-adjustable Electromagnetic-mechanical oscillating circuits, which operate cyclically working high-speed multi-channel valves, so that these are the puffs from the hot gas in a vacuum cooler so that the previous radiator fill is completely destroyed, and this opens again as soon as the cooling process was completed. Any other actuator and or sensors, and functional combinations of these, e.g. Force sensitive Pietzokristallaktoatoren are in this or other applications in a device according to the protection claims intended.)
• 8. The consideration of heat conduction, heat capacities and / or temperatures, the over the process affecting components (media, working volumes, connecting channels, ect.) Of a device according to the invention are an optional protection feature of the present invention for the design and operation management. Likewise, as another optional protective feature, with regard to the operating behavior, the kinetic behavior of the process media and / or device components, as well as their thereby changed behavior (eg Agregatszustandsbedingungen) must be considered. In the DTP with integrated combustion processes, because of the different combustion behavior, air quantity, fuel, temperature, load and speed combinations or their influences are to be considered as additional optional protection features. The consideration of the most important features for the development and operation of a DTP machine according to the invention, ie the requirements for temperature and pressure before the start of the vacuum working phase, as well as the coordination between cooling capacity and cooling phase time, are also optional protection features of the invention. The 8th protection feature includes the optional consideration of all variables that are important for the process control, as well as their mutual relationships (eg requirements or specifications of other functional areas or operating conditions) regardless of their explicit mention and or previous prominence.
• 9. The combination or multiple use of the protection features corresponding module in a combustion and / or heat recovery system for power and heat generation is in the context of the invention under any justifications included as an optional protection feature. This also applies after the 9th protection feature in particular also for the combination of inventive modules for the realization of hitherto known and / or unknown Gesammtprozessen. So can for example, the power density of a device according to the invention continue to increase and or as possible Great (evenly and busy) operation of other plant components, optionally two or more after the 1st to 8th protection feature described thermal power machines (WKM) or AKM in alternation, consecutively and or in parallel for one or different functional areas of a device can be used. So e.g. the alternate removal of the hot medium from an internal combustion engine and or Dampfmaschienenzylinder by one or more vacuum cooler or one or more cooling power module modules according to the invention, in the same and / or other functional areas of the same equipment. Such measures can also for one contiguous Serve the whole process, in which e.g. a vacuum cooler behind a combustion chamber for simultaneous, combined with the engine cooling Steam generation, for a subsequent steam engine is used, in turn in turn has an output side vacuum cooler. The usage in a multi-stage steam machine with vacuum coolers for various working media at different temperature levels is just another, very obvious example for the 9th protection feature.
• 10. The protection claims the functional, design, process and / or assembly features are independent from the operating environment, i. e.g. the type of heat source (s), heat sink (s), Material or energy or information exchange processes, ect. to understand. Therefore, all relevant individual mixtures are expressly and multiple uses of modules or equipment in which in total contain at least one AKM according to the invention is equipment, which are described by the affected properties over the 10th protection feature and protected become. This concerns e.g. a technical combination of functions of building heat, building energy and solar energy system, as soon as it contains one or more of the protection features corresponding vacuum working modules (VDKW or UDK) are located. A subsidized by the airstream Inlet pressure of combustion air is also included, for example, like the consideration Humidity information for a DTP with integrated combustion, and that independently whether this information is from external sources, from a sensor and / or the calculations of an observer-controlled controller comes. Inventive operating environments are, for example: decentralized energy production and / or building heating and or solar power plant combinations. Geothermal power stations, large power plants, Road rail Water and air traffic are next to the weightlessness only further exemplary fields of application or subareas of these. Inventive heat sources are for example: burners, solar heat, geothermal, Nuclear power, engines, gas turbines, and or jamming systems. Inventive heat sinks are for example: building, Swimming pool, circulating air, surface water and or vehicle heating.
• 11. The ones to be protected Functional design, process and assembly features are independent after the 5th protection feature of the type and the previous notoriety in one, on the protective features of the applicable equipment or in combination with the DTP used volume pressure to force converter (VDKW), as well as from understand their function and function combinations. Independence of such uses applies to the 11th protection feature in Special to the combination of one of the essential features of the invention characterized DTP equipment as soon as these or their novel functional properties in functional Connection with other, not expressly displayed, any Volume pressure-force conversion processes. The 11th Protection feature thus describes the express independence the protection features of the DTP from combination with other volume pressure-force conversion processes. (e.g., air resistance of a vehicle and or any of its equivalent chemical reaction)
• 12. The choice of process media in a device according to the invention, is unrestricted under all technically meaningful possibilities. These include all media which can be composed of any substances or mixtures of solid, liquid and also gaseous substances and / or their reaction products and which can be used for the described DTP. The 12th protection feature thus relates to the use according to the invention of any, technically meaningful combinations for process media and their compositions, if these were selected or prepared in consideration of one or more of the following sub-features. Substances that are not altered by the DTP, as well as the conversion that is integrated into the DTP and / or related to it by combustion and / or reduction of substance mixtures, must be included here. The most important protection features here are the technical substance or mixture properties as well as their target-oriented behavior. Thus, as technically essential criteria for eg a vapor medium, depending on the application, the substance properties of aggregate state boundaries, the vapor pressure, the volume expansion coefficient and / or the heat capacity (entropy) or heat of vaporization are to be considered in combination with one another, and this procedure should be regarded as an optional protective feature of the invention. Whereby, for the selection or production of a vapor medium, for example, as in other cases (eg combustion vapor media), the prior protection feature is to be found according to technically favorable parameter combinations. For example, for a vapor medium, this would mean, in addition to the appropriate boiling or freezing point, a high vapor pressure, a high thermal volume expansion, and a low heat of vaporization. Depending on the application requirements, further material properties such as the flash point, the density, the viscosity, the availability (price) or the toxicity (disposal & safety) must be taken into account. Since in media selection requirements such as high vapor pressure and low density or high vapor pressure and high flash point tend to be contradictory to each other, a further suitable optional feature is to seek a suitable compromise for the application. The 12th protection feature includes the express independence of a device according to the invention from the process media used for the described DTP, as well as their composition and possible combination of functions, and also circumscribes the procedures for what they can be selected or manufactured. (It is therefore insignificant for a DTP according to the invention whether, for example: gasoline and / or diesel fuel and eg: water and or ethanol as a vapor medium and eg: water and / or oils are used as the transfer fluid, or any other substances and substance combinations as process media with and without functional connection to each other or to other functions and their requirements are used)
• 13. A device corresponding to the protection features is independent of the construction materials used for the realization and or Means (software & hardware tools as well as the respectively used procedures) by the described Functional design Process and arrangement features characterized understood. This is inventively provided that all previously known and unknown materials, processing, Calculation and testing method in the realization of a device according to the invention can be used. The choice of materials, the structure and the procedures for dimming Manufacturing or optimization work are absolutely application-dependent, and the respective requirements and conditions for the implementation of the disclosed Adapt invention characteristics. Since the appropriate measures, considering the functional requirements of the described functional To develop design, process and assembly guidelines are the appropriate material uses and processing methods to determine the protection features described, and on the 13. Protection feature express an optional protection feature of the present invention. This includes the 13th protection feature the express independence the protective features of the invention of the choice and manufacture of the materials used as well as others observed procedures and / or criteria (for example, costs, heat transfer or thermal expansion behavior, ect.). This protection feature is also considered independent of the express mention and the reputation of the relevant criteria and procedures. For example, is it for the characterization of the invention meaningless whether the wall material the vacuum channels Stainless steel or aluminum, and / or its optimal shape through experience, analytically structured test series or finite element simulation was determined. It is of course necessary according to the invention the determinable functional requirements of the state the technique, e.g. Pressure, temperature and corrosion resistance to take into account. With which shape a favorable Realization or production allows can be described as well as how an inventive manufacturing method can be, is for the characterizing features of the invention, as well as their protection claims, for example not significant.
• 14. The appropriate combination and or such separate connections between a device according to the invention and individual or multiple functionally complementary components are optional protection features of the invention. Thus, for example, a (waste) gas filtering (eg by the transfer medium with optional additives and fine filters), for example, also be integrated into a functional device according to the invention in functional connection with a cooled exhaust gas recirculation. Such He extensions of the features described are, like any other additions of the protective features corresponding vacuum working modules (VDKW or UDK) or working with such a working AKM, by the 14th protection feature explicitly described optional features of a device according to the invention.
• 15. According to the prior art are superheated for steam engines to increase efficiency fumes used. Through the use of a protection features described above AKM it is possible an attractive efficiency even by low-temperature vapors or their cooling to achieve what is opposite conventional thermal power machines or in the face of these thus extended application possibilities at low temperature differences another optional protective feature of the invention. In these processes with low-tempered Process media is in particular the possibility to combine all Process steps within a VDKW, with a good efficiency another optional protection feature of the invention. By the usual use of superheated vapors (e.g. for water 250-800 ° C) it is however possible, the power density of the overprint working phase significantly increase. Order a cheap To be able to obtain overall efficiency is in this case the Use of the intermediate and / or negative pressure cooler waste heat to Heating of other and / or the steam medium corresponding process media another optional protection feature of the invention. The 15th protection feature thus expressly describes the advantages and features in availability of the DTP for low and high temperature differences of the energy source as optional protection features the invention.
• 16. Force, pressure, heat and or include other energy and / or material exchange or buffering processes within, and or between different functional sections a device corresponding to the protection features and / or its operating environment are as needed but not compulsory for power density and or increase in efficiency and or even for the lighter management or production and or fulfillment other criteria (e.g., resonance conditions) according to the 16th aspect of the invention. Thus, the operation of a thermal power plant with, for example, one possible high efficiency and or low power to weight or cheap Operating and or Production conditions, general and in particular using Protective Features 1.-15. an optional protection feature of the invention. A compensation room and or heat exchangers in front of a vacuum cooler and or an additional one heat exchangers in the exhaust path of an internal combustion engine and or vacuum cooler are examples for this feature. The possible combinations based on process variables on the dependencies or synergies between the requirements of the plant components with each other and or to their operating environment. This refers in particular to the further use of the mechanical and or thermal output power one or more vacuum working modules according to the invention (VDKW or UDK) on direct or indirect energy conversion, energy transmission and or drive purposes. This optional but essential protection feature includes moreover, generally all within the scope of one of the protective features of the invention applicable equipment synergy possibilities, also in connection with the respective operating environment, individually or also in belibiger combination as a feature of the invention with a. The generation of electricity for any Purposes and / or direct drive of vehicles and aircraft, and or pump drives by mechanical output, and or Combustion exhaust gas pressure for the cyclical pressing in of a process medium, and or heating or cooling another medium (e.g., room air, another vapor medium, ect) by residual or intermediate heat exchange, as well as combinations with seawater desalination, hydrogen production as well as the operation of Kühlagregaten or compressors and other drive machines are examples for the execution of the 16. Protection feature included in this. Thus, the 16th Protection feature all general and specific options for supplementation, extension, Production and / or optimization of equipment according to the invention, independently from their previous naming and or notoriety, and describes these thus in any combination as optional protection features of the present invention.
• 17. It is the described functional design methodology and arrangement features, and more in the protection features 1.-16. described Features of the invention (protective features and their sub-features) in more obscure, even incomplete Combination as descriptive features for a post 17th protection feature characterized, inventive device to watch.

- Section 6 - Examples of possible spatial and procedural implementation possibilities of the Vacuum Working Modules According to the Invention or Cooling Power Machines (AKM)

General:

The Types for according to the invention, for the DTP needed Vacuum working modules or AKM can be divided into four main groups split up, wherein in the construction of the 3rd Group on different ways easily further process parts of a DTP (HKM) integrate, and the 4th group only from an arrangement according to the invention and operation, from otherwise already conventional applications known or described by the other main groups elements consists. For about one AKM equipment, is the combination or merger of VDKW, which is supported by the Function ago originally perform various tasks (for example, VDKW-AK, VDKW-DU, ect.) Provided according to the invention. It is the first group through the use of membrane materials between the transmission or possibly also cooling liquid and the working medium, therefore their associated vacuum working modules hereinafter referred to as membrane UDK. These membranes can permeable as well as impermeable and fixed (clamped) as well as changeable in their spatial position (to be flexible. The second main group is characterized that in the same place, i. between cooling and transfer fluid and working medium, a structurally rigid material used becomes. Here it is necessary for volume compensation that at least the transmission fluid can penetrate into the working volume. Last is in the first one and second main group according to the invention by inlet channels and or via a or more liquid columns realize. Vacuum working modules of the second main group hereinafter referred to as structurally rigid UDK. To implement the on the transfer fluid exerted Force or volume pressure work according to the invention is the use of any volume pressure force transducers (VDKW) provided (pumps, Turbines, ect.). The third main group is also characterized that the vacuum working modules essentially of rigid components are constructed. This is the connection or combination an UDK according to the invention with at least one VDKW associated with the AKM function. The vacuum working modules the third main group are referred to below as rigid body VDKW-UDK, Moreover, in the or with the VDKW even more process parts of a complete DTP can be integrated or combined (overpressure working phase, combustion process, VDKW-DU). As for the first, second and third group, in the The scope of the disclosure also the fourth group only individual exemplary embodiments to improve clarity are roughly outlined. To The first three main groups are because their new construction heavier is traceable, graphical representations of the individual example modules added. Here, the respective execution options were only in the Top view from above, since hereby the essential arrangement features already discussed can be. The arrangement characteristics of the fourth main group are to be understood in words, and are also over exemplary applications in the later further discussed. The Injection jets shown in the drawings have only hinting function, since they are in reality or in a typical application, an opening angle to be considered for the cooling effect in the volume. and intensity or have speed course.

Description of the illustrated example arrangements:

- 1) Membrane UDK in AKM for DTP machinery Equipment:

• 1a) The cooling medium is passed through channels ( 1. ) distributed in the lid and or bottom plate, and through openings ( Second ) into the interstices of the working volume sheaths ( Third ), which in this example case at the same time form the cooling surface for the working medium, so thermally conduct good and possibly have a correspondingly favorable surface structure. The impervious, flexible membrane tube ( 4th ) which increasingly expands upon cooling contains the transmission fluid, and can continuously work by appropriate valve assemblies on the connected VDKW-A AKM volume increase and decrease, even by individually operated modules starting. This membrane tube can be supplied from the bottom plate, self-supporting, supported and or suspended. The working fluid can flow through the valve surfaces ( 5th ) eg via active valves in the cover plate, and by passive valve surfaces ( 5th ) are displaced in the bottom plate, the latter can fulfill the full function of the VDKW-U or VDKW-DU. A use of the kinetic properties of the transfer fluid or of associated VDKW and the working medium is provided according to the invention in individual and between several AKM modules, as well as in all other embodiments for improving the operating characteristics (eg undermining by premature closure of the intake valves and a delayed thereto outflow). In this arrangement variant, the change phase for the working medium should be much shorter than the cooling phase, which makes it unsuitable for applications with high power density lets appear.
• 1b) The cooling and transfer fluid is located in the designated, permeable reserve space ( 1. ), and can be embedded in these on the side, top and bottom plate of the VDKW-A or cooling circuit. The separation between cooling and or transfer liquid and the working medium now consists, for example, of a partially permeable membrane ( Second ), which, however, almost inflexibly maintains its spatial arrangement even with pressure differences. The permeability characteristic (spray intensity or width) of the membrane ( Third ) can, for example, the volume ratios of the channels, also be adapted spatially varriierend. A permeable membrane can also be made so that it also fulfills the function of passive one-way valves at their passages. The individual UDK channels of the successive layers are at the back by a solid, eg wave-shaped material ( 4th ) separated from each other. The inlet and outlet valve surfaces ( 5th ) can also be mounted here, for example, in a round design in the cover and bottom plate of the UDK channels, which at the same time to be operated active valves can be controlled in this case, as well as in all other possible embodiments of a common Aktoatorik. If the material of the channel partitions and the membrane have poor heat conduction or capacity properties, this arrangement is characterized by a favorable construction, with a good efficiency and a greatly increased potential power density compared to 1a). This possibility of improvement of the operating behavior by taking into account the thermodynamic properties of the materials used is optionally to be considered in the protection features of the invention in the construction of any of the components concerned, and thus implicitly applies to all examples listed here.

- 2) structurally rigid UDK in AKM for DTP machinery Equipment:

• 2a) and 2b) The arrangements 2a) and 2b) represent according to the criteria according to the invention a principle identical functional design and process principle, the examples differ not in the design, but only in the insignificant by the protective features shape and orientation , For this reason, their structure can also be discussed here simultaneously. The cooling and transfer fluid is located in the reserved reserve chambers ( 1. ), and can via the channels and transitions (in the top and bottom plate, for example, in the multi-layered structure integrated Second ) are admitted from the VDKW-A or cooling circuit. By the inlet devices ( Third ), the cooling and transfer liquid can penetrate into the UDK channels (spray), and evenly and rapidly cool the (or also condense) the working medium contained in them. The inlet and outlet valve surfaces ( 4th ) can here in the manner already described in 1b) manner in the cover or bottom plate of the UDK channels are attached.
• 2c) In this arrangement, the special feature is that in the reserves for the transmission medium ( 1. ) a heat exchanger ( Second ) or evaporators ( Second ) is integrated for the cooling or process medium. This is here, for example, with an inner and an outer channel, for example, seen from the bottom plate forward and backward. The inlet valve areas in this example are hexagonal on each UDK channel and together form a hexagonal grid (FIG. Third ), for example, by electromagnetic-mechanical oscillating circuits on the supply channels of the transmission fluid ( 4th ) can be controlled in its valve function. The hexagonal UDK channels ( 6th ) including the inlet means for the transmitter liquid ( 6th ) as well as all other possible embodiments according to the invention by a variety of Belibige process (eg bending and gluing) are produced. The exhaust valves ( 5th ) in this case, for example, in passive operation (open in case of overpressure) could be placed in funnel-shaped degradations of the bottom plate. In this arrangement, for example, a second low-temperature steam medium can be heated or evaporated as coolant directly in the UDK a hotter DTP stage.
• 2d) The arrangement 2d) is identical to the basic principle with 2a) and 2b), whereby as a modification in this case the reserve ( 1. ) for which, for example, cooling and transfer fluid consists only of the interspaces of the UDK channels which in this example are round, and whose walls at the same time the inlet devices ( Third ) (Nozzles and / or valves) for the cooling and transfer fluid. In this arrangement, the channels for the cooling and transmission fluid ( Second ), for example, with sufficient distance of the UDK channels are also integrated into the interstices, which allows a simpler structure of the lid and or bottom plate duch lateral supply of cooling and transfer fluid. The inlet and outlet valve surfaces ( 4th ) can here in the manner already described in 1b) manner in the cover or bottom plate of the UDK channels are attached. When using thermally poorly conducting channel walls with appropriate nozzle inserts, are with this design due to the possible, any distribution of cooling and Transmitter media inlets also longer and larger channels, for a large-scale application, with good operating characteristics favorable and relatively easy to implement.

- 3) rigid body VDKW-UDK in or as AKM for, or as a complete DTP machine:

• 3a) Bei diesem VDKW handelt es sich um eine konventionelle Kolbenmaschiene, die durch beliebig viele Einlässe in der Laufbahn (1.) und oder optional z.B. auch am Zylinderkopf zum Hubraum hin ergänzt wurde, um das erfindungsgemäße Einsprühen der Übertragungs- bzw. Kühlflüssigkeit zu ermöglichen. Für die beispielhafte Funktionsdarstellung soll hierbei ein Zylinder mit derartigen Einlässen, die übereinanderliegend, durch jeweils ein mehrkanaliges Zylinderventil (2.) (in diesem Beispiel vier Stück), über hebe-senk- oder dreh-Bewegung gesteuert werden können betrachtet werden. Dabei ist es durch dem entsprechende Versetzugen der Kanäle im Steuerzylinder möglich, die übereinanderliegenden Kanäle passend zur Bewegung des Kolbens zeitlich versetzt zu steuern. In der Verwendung als reine AKM wird, z.B. ein Sattdampf als Arbeitsmedium durch eine zweckmäßig zu gestaltende Einlasseinrichtung (a), nach dem Durchlaufen vom oberen Totpunkt (OT) bzw. beim Herunterfahren des Kolbens druckfrei einströmen. Der Einlass kann sich dann beispielsweise vor dem unteren Totpunkt (UT) schließen, worauf hin die Ventile (2.) öffnen, so dass eine zweckmäßige Menge Kühlmittel (von Drehzahl, Lastmoment, Themperaturen, ect. abhängig) großflächig eingesprüht wird. Die Zylinderventile würden, wenn der Kolben UT erreicht wieder geschlossen, bevor der Dampf zum größten Teil zu kondesieren beginnt. Der sich dabei aufbauende Unterdruck verrichtet Arbeit am Kolben solange, bis der Zylinderinnendruck wieder Normaldruck (bzw. Kurbelwellengehäusedruck) erreicht, und die zweckmäßig zu gestaltende Auslaßeinrichtung (b) zum Ausstoßen des verflüssigten Arbeitsmediums geöffnet wird. Wenn OT erreicht ist schließt sich der Auslaß wobei sich der Einlass wieder öffnet, und der Zyklus vom Anfang ausgehend erneut beginnt. Dabei sollten Anordnungen und Steuerzeiten günstigsten Falls so gewählt werden, dass der vorherige Inhalt vollständig ausgestoßen wird, und vom neuen Inhalt nichts direkt entweichen kann. Hierbei hätte die Anordnung die Funktionen vom VDKW-A, UDK und VDKW-U der AKM in sich integriert (mögliche Synergieen zu einer HKM, z.B. VDKW-D Funktion zunächst vernachlässigt). Will man Überdruck- und Unterdruckarbeitsphase im selben VDKW kombinieren, findet vom prinzipiellen Ablauf her der gleiche Zyklus statt, jedoch mit dem Umterschied dass kein entspanntes, sondern ein unter Druck stehendes Heißgas einströmt. Dieses verrichtet beim einströmen am Kolben Arbeit, und der Einlass wird nun früher, aber gleichfalls so geschlossen, dass nach dem zweckmäßigen Einströmen vom Kühlmedium, beim erreichen von UT, vorm größten Teil des durch Wärmeübertragung verzögerten Kondensierens kein positiver Druck im Hubraum mehr vorhanden ist. Der Rest vom Zyklus ist identisch mit der schon zuvor geschilderten Arbeits- und Ausstoßphase. Es ist Hierbei durch externe Druckspeicherung, aber noch besser durch mehrere derartige, versetzt zueinander arbeitende Anordnungen möglich, neben der VDKW-AK Funktion auch die VDKW-UD Funktion in dem Aufbau zu integieren. Es ist erfindungsgemäß beispielsweise auch möglich, sowohl beide Arbeitsphasen eines DTP, als auch die Selbsterwärmung und Expansion durch Verbrennung in einem VDKW miteinander zu kombinieren. Hierzu wird ein Oxidationsmittel (z.B. Luft) unter Beimischung oder direkter Zuspritzung von Brennstoff (Erdgas, Benzin, Bio Ethanol, Diesel, ect.) in der Menge eingelassen, dass nach Entzündung durch eine Zündvorrichtung (c) und optionales, zeitlich variables Kühlen bzw. Druckerhöhen durch Wasserzuspritzung (Dampferzeugung) die Bedingungen für die Gastemperatur und das Zuführen von einer zweckmäßigen Kühlflüssigkeitsmenge und den nicht Positiven Hubraumdruck bei UT eingehalten werden können. Der weitere Verlauf vom Zyklus ist wiederum mit den schon zuvor beschriebenen identisch. In diesem Fall währe nun auch noch die Funktion des HDE von einer HKM in die Anordnung integriert. Dass die Leistungsdichte des Verbrennungsmaschienenanteils hierbei wesentlich kleiner ist als bei einem normalen Verbrennungsmotor, liese sich nur mit der Aufteilung des Gesammtprozesses in zwei VDKW oder einen VDKW und eine UDK-AKM abändern. Es ist den Schutzansprüchen nach davon auszugehen, dass neben einer geeigneten Anordnung vom Auslaß und der Verdrängung durch das einströmende Prozessmedium auch andere Maßnahmen zum vollständigen Ausstoßen wie z.B. passgenaue Nutzung des Hubraums, liegende Zylinder, ect. erfindungsgemäß in beliebiger Weise als Erfindungsmerkmal vorgesehen sind.
• 3b) Der im Beispiel 3b) dargestellt erfindungsgemäße Aufbau ist ebenso, wie schon zu 3a) geschildert auf unterschiedliche Weisen zu betreiben. Es handelt sich hierbei vom Grundprinzip her um eine 3-Kammer-6-Flügel Flügelpumpe. Sie bietet den Vorteil, dass sie bei Berücksichtigung des Wiederstands- und Resonanzverhaltens zwischen den Flügelmassen (1.) und den federnden Kopplungselementen (2.) in bestimmten Drehzahlbereichen mit verhältnismäßig wenig Reibung zu betreiben ist. Bei einer Umdrehung in der Drehrichtung (4.) findet der jeweils zwischen zwei Flügeln, an drei Stellen parallel (gleichzeit- und gleichartig) ablaufende Arbeitsprozess 18 Mal statt, wodurch in dieser speziellen Konstruktionsweise einer Flügelpumpe eine recht ansehnliche Leistungsdichte realisierbar wird. Bei der Verwendung als reine AKM wird z.B. ein Dampfmedium über die Einlasseinrichtungen (a) in einer zweckmäßigen Menge aufgenommen, und nach dem Abschließen des Einlasses, durch z.B. den folgenden Flügel beim weiter vergrößern des Arbeitsraumes durch z.B. den entstehenden Unterdruck, Einspritzung und oder Strömungsdrosselung mit einer zweckmäßigen Menge Kühlflüssigkeit (b) besprüht. Dieser Kühlmittelzugang sollte, bevor die hauptsächliche Kondensation bzw. der entstehende Unterdruck nach dem Überschreiten des größten Volumens ein Antriebsmoment auf die Achse (3.) überträgt abgeschlossen werden. Bevor sich im Arbeitsvolumen ein positiver Druck aufbauen kann, wird der Auslaß (c) durch den vorderen Flügel und oder ein aktives Auslaßventilgeöffnet. In dieser Verwendung enthält die Anordnung die Funktionen VDKW-A, UDK und VDKW-U einer AKM. Bei der Kombination von Überdruck- und Unterdruckarbeitsphase im gleichen VDKW würde hier ebenfalls anfangs kein entspanntes, sondern ein unter Druck stehendes Arbeitsmedium einströmen, das dann durch ein aktives Einlassventil früher abgesperrt würde, so dass sich nach dem gesteuerten Einströmen einer zweckmäßigen Menge Kühflüssigkeit am Punkt des größten Arbeitsvolumens, vor dem größten Teil des Kondensationsprozesses kein positiver Druck in Arbeitsvolumen befindet. Der Rest vom Zyklus ist identisch mit der schon zuvor geschilderten Arbeits- und Ausstoßphase. Hierbei käme also die Funktion eines VDKW-A und optional die eines VDKW-U hinzu, wobei letzteres schon zuvor möglich war, und wegen der Gleichzeitigkeit verschiedener Prozessphasen hier für optimale Synergie im Gegensatz zu 1a) weder eine Druckspeicherung noch weitere Anordnungen dieser Art benötigt werden. Es ist erfindungsgemäß, wie bei anderen starrkörper VDKW-UDK auch hier möglich, sowohl beide Arbeitsphasen eines DTP, als auch die Selbsterwärmung und Expansion durch Verbrennung inerhalb eines Zykluses zu kombinieren. Hierzu wird wiederum ein Oxidationsmittel (z.B. Luft) unter Beimischung und oder direkter Zuspritzung von Brennstoff (Erdgas, Benzin, Bio Ethanol, Diesel, ect.) in der Menge eingelassen (a), dass nach Entzündung durch eine Zündvorrichtung (d) und optionales zeitlich zu variierendes Kühlen bzw. Druckerhöhen durch Wasserzuspritzung(e) (Dampferzeugung) die Bedingungen an die Gasthemperatur bzw. für das Zuführen von einer zweckmäßigen Kühlflüssigkeitsmenge (b) bzw. für den nicht positive Druck beim größten Arbeitsvolumen eingehalten werden können. Gegebenenfalls kann auch die Zündvorrichtung (d) zwischen oder vor der Einlasseinrichtung (a) sitzen, so dass sie beim Einspritzen vom Wasser schon vom hinteren Flügel abgeschirmt wird und nicht mehr feucht werden kann. Der weitere Verlauf vom Zyklus ist wiederum mit den schon zuvor beschriebenen identisch. Wie es bei anderen VDKW auch möglich währe, könnte die Leistungsdichte durch die Kombination mit einen erfindungsgemäßen, ausgangsseitigen UDK erheblich erhöht werden, was hier jedoch nicht weiter beschrieben werden soll. Bei dieser VDKW Konstruktionsweise besteht der Vorteil, dass ein vollständiges Ausstoßen der Arbeitsmedien, wenn diese beispielsweise teilweise oder vollständig flüssig sind dadurch erleichtert wird, dass die Auslaßöffnungen zur Nutzung der Schwerkraft auf der Bodenplatte der Flügelpumpe angebracht werden können. Erfindungsgemäß sind den Schutzmerkmalen nach zudem auch alle zweckmäßigen Dichtmaßnahmen vorgesehen, wofür z.B. Gleitdichtungen und oder das einseitig gefederte Einlassen von Flügeln, Rotor und oder Stator in die Deckel- bzw. Bodenplatte nur beliebige Beispiele sind.

In this main group, the function of the UDC of the AKM according to the invention in any VDKW (eg gear pump) is integrated, or combined with this. The vacuum working modules discussed below, which are shown by way of example, have the same functional principle as many other VDKWs with which this type of AKM can be implemented as such in three different ways according to the invention. On the one hand, they are operated as pure AKM, but can also be used for pressure and vacuum as VDKW-AK, and thus both phases of a DTP, and optionally also possibly also the VDKW-U or VDKW-DU function take over. In addition, the function of a combustion or Verbrennungsdampfkraftmaschiene can also be integrated in them, whereby they can accommodate a complete DTP in a compact form, with the exception of the cooling liquid cooling. The possible modes of operation for, extended with the novel characteristics of the invention VDKW are shown in the following sections to the individual embodiments based on each other.

• 3a) This VDKW is a conventional piston machine, which can be replaced by any number of inlets in the raceway ( 1. ) and or optionally, for example, also on the cylinder head to the displacement has been supplemented to allow the inventive spraying the transmission or cooling liquid. For the exemplary functional representation here is a cylinder with such inlets, one above the other, each by a multi-channel cylinder valve ( Second ) (in this example, four pieces), can be controlled via lift-and-turn or rotary motion. It is possible by the corresponding Versetzugen the channels in the control cylinder to control the superimposed channels in time to match the movement of the piston. When used as a pure AKM, for example, a saturated steam as the working medium through an appropriately designed inlet device (a), after passing through the top dead center (TDC) or when lowering the piston pressure-free flow. The inlet may then close, for example, before bottom dead center (UT), whereupon the valves ( Second ), so that a convenient amount of coolant (speed, load torque, Themperaturen, ect. Depending) is sprayed over a large area. The cylinder valves would close when the piston reaches UT again before the steam begins to condense for the most part. The resulting negative pressure doing work on the piston until the cylinder internal pressure normal pressure (or crankshaft housing pressure) is reached, and the expedient to be designed outlet (b) to eject the liquefied working fluid is opened. When TDC is reached, the outlet closes, with the inlet reopening, and the cycle begins again from the beginning. In the best case, arrangements and timing should be chosen so that the previous content is completely ejected, and nothing can escape directly from the new content. Here, the arrangement would have integrated the functions of the VDKW-A, UDK and VDKW-U of the AKM (possible synergies to a HKM, eg VDKW-D function initially neglected). If one wants to combine overpressure and underpressure working phase in the same VDKW, the same cycle takes place from the basic sequence, but with the difference that no relaxed, but a pressurized hot gas flows in. This works when flowing into the piston work, and the inlet is now closed sooner, but also so that after proper inflow from the cooling medium, when reaching UT, before most of the heat transfer delayed condensing no positive pressure in the displacement longer exists. The remainder of the cycle is identical to the previously described working and ejection phase. It is possible here by external pressure storage, but even better by several such, mutually offset arrangements, in addition to the VDKW-AK function and the VDKW-UD function in the structure to integrate. It is also possible according to the invention, for example, to combine both phases of a DTP as well as self-heating and expansion by combustion in a VDKW. For this purpose, an oxidizing agent (eg air) with admixture or direct injection of fuel (natural gas, gasoline, bioethanol, diesel, ect.) Is admitted in the amount that after ignition by an ignition device (c) and optional, time-variable cooling or Pressure levels by Wasserzuspritzung (steam generation), the conditions for the gas temperature and the supply of a suitable coolant volume and the non-positive displacement pressure can be met at UT. The further course of the cycle is in turn identical to those already described above. In this case, now also the function of the HDE of an HKM would be integrated into the arrangement. The fact that the power density of the combustion engine share here is much smaller than in a normal internal combustion engine, can be read only with the division of the total process in two Modify VDKW or a VDKW and a UDK-AKM. It is the protection claims to assume that in addition to a suitable arrangement of the outlet and the displacement by the inflowing process medium and other measures for complete ejection such as custom-fit use of the displacement, horizontal cylinders, ect. According to the invention are provided in any way as a feature of the invention.
• 3b) The construction according to the invention shown in example 3b) is also, as already described for 3a), operated in different ways. This is basically a 3-chamber 6-wing vane pump. It has the advantage that it takes into account the resistance and resonance behavior between the wing masses ( 1. ) and the resilient coupling elements ( Second ) is to operate in certain speed ranges with relatively little friction. In one revolution in the direction of rotation ( 4th ) takes place in each case between two wings, in parallel at three points (simultaneous and similar) running process 18 times, which in this special construction of a vane pump quite a handsome power density can be realized. When used as a pure AKM example, a vapor medium via the inlet means (a) is added in an appropriate amount, and after the completion of the inlet, for example by the following wing at further enlarge the working space by eg the resulting negative pressure, injection and or flow throttling with a suitable amount of cooling liquid (b) sprayed. This coolant access should, before the main condensation or the resulting negative pressure after exceeding the largest volume, a drive torque to the axis ( Third ) transmits. Before a positive pressure can build up in the working volume, the outlet (c) is opened by the front wing and or an active outlet valve. In this use, the arrangement includes the functions VDKW-A, UDK and VDKW-U of an AKM. In the combination of positive pressure and negative pressure working phase in the same VDKW would here also initially no relaxed, but a pressurized working medium flow, which would then shut off earlier by an active inlet valve, so that after the controlled influx of an appropriate amount of cooling liquid at the point largest working volume, before the major part of the condensation process is no positive pressure in working volume. The remainder of the cycle is identical to the previously described working and ejection phase. In this case, the function of a VDKW-A and optionally of a VDKW-U added, the latter was previously possible, and because of the simultaneity of different process phases here for optimum synergy in contrast to 1a) neither a pressure storage nor further arrangements of this kind are needed , It is according to the invention, as with other rigid body VDKW-UDK also possible here to combine both working phases of a DTP, as well as the self-heating and expansion by combustion within a cycle. For this purpose, in turn, an oxidizing agent (eg air) with admixture and / or direct injection of fuel (natural gas, gasoline, bioethanol, diesel, ect.) In the amount admitted (a) that after ignition by an ignition device (d) and optional in time to varying cooling or pressure levels by Wasserzuspritzung (e) (steam generation), the conditions can be met at the gas temperature or for the supply of a suitable amount of cooling liquid (b) or for the non-positive pressure at the largest working volume. Optionally, the ignition device (d) between or in front of the inlet device (a) sit so that it is already shielded from the water during injection from the rear wing and can not be damp. The further course of the cycle is in turn identical to those already described above. As it would be possible with other VDKW, the power density could be increased considerably by the combination with an inventive, output-side UDK, which should not be further described here. With this type of VDKW construction, there is the advantage that complete ejection of the working media, if for example partially or completely liquid, is facilitated by the fact that the outlet openings for gravity can be mounted on the bottom plate of the vane pump. According to the protection features are also provided for all appropriate sealing measures, for which, for example, sliding seals and or the one-sided sprung inlays of wings, rotor and or stator in the top or bottom plate are just any examples.

- 4) Stömungs AKM for DTP machinery Equipment:

• 4a) For an introductory understanding of this type of AKM, a pure vapor medium (to be completely condensed) should be used as the working medium. This design can be realized with continuous as well as cyclic or resonance-compatible material flows or VDKW. Here, it should initially be assumed that a gear pump with continuous material flow is used, for example, to fulfill the combined function of the working VDKW (VDKW-AK) for a HKM and the AKM at the same time. It is important to make sure that the gearing VDKW with little intermediate volume an arbitrary UDK is connected, and in this one, by an output side mounted VDKW-U generated negative pressure for cooling and or evidently to cool the working medium is present. In cyclically operated AKM of this type, the VDKW-U, or its possible combination with the VDKW-D of a HKM (VDKW-DU) by one or more valve (s) can be realized. The functional principle of such devices can be represented very easily understandable from this structure. The power transmitted by a VDKW is, for a continuous-action AKM, simplified by the time-related work, which is the product of the volume flow dV and the working pressure dT. The incoming volume is greater than the outgoing volume for these AKM devices. Assuming the input pressure is the same as the output pressure, then the power provided by the working VDKW is greater than the power required by the optional VDKW-DU, with the power to be extracted by the AKM resulting from the difference between them by cooling (UDK) , In the example case of a fully condensed steam, for example, a gear pump could also be used as a vacuum VDKW behind the UDK for this continuous example. Of course, VDKW or UDK with the characteristics of the other main groups can also be used for the construction of AKM of the 4th main group. In these cases, the arrangement for naming gets the names of the main group (s) describing the component (s).
• 4b) As an example of the combinability of, the 4th main group associated AKM with other process steps of a DTP, for example, the operation of three mechanically coupled together turbine stages for the realization of a DTP machine is shown with internal combustion. Here, the first stage, as usual in conventional combustion turbines, the function of the supercharger (VDKW-D). Between the first and the second stage, there is now any type of heating of the working medium, in the example case by combustion, wherein the fuel can be supplied separately in addition to the preferably precompressed oxidation or working medium. Due to the volumetric expansion associated with the heating or the chemical reaction, the second turbine stage is used as working VDKW (VDKW-A) of a conventional thermal or combustion turbine. At the same time, however, it is also the VDKW-A of the AKM according to the invention realized with the aid of the second and third turbine stages. This presupposes the cooling of the working medium between the second and the third turbine stage. If this takes place in an expedient according to the invention, condensation nuclei, which then act as cooling surfaces for the remaining working medium, do not necessarily form in the working medium. Nevertheless, the resulting equipment would be a combination of HKM and AKM according to the invention, but no special technical implementation problems, as they are generally solved by the DTP. However, this structure can also be called DTP machine since its mode of operation is based on the functional principle that can generally be implemented via the DTP. If, for example, in order to be able to greatly increase the power density for the combustion process, the mode of operation of a steam thermal power plant with HKM and AKM should now be integrated into the exemplary design, the use of the invention properties described by the DTP is unavoidable. However, this arrangement Währe, insofar as in addition to the mechanical drive power nor the output should also be used as a jet engine (eg in the aircraft) rather unfavorable, and it would be geheitzte by the UDK second DTP machine (eg with pure vapor medium) as an alternative arrangement for offer better heat utilization in a smaller space. When larger amounts of condensate in the UDK (between the second and third turbine stage) occur, the condensate can be removed by a separate further VDKW, wherein the power transmission or vacuum maintained by this VDKW-U, in addition to the third turbine stage according to the invention can be realized with low loss by a liquid column , At the same time, this VDKW can also take over the VDKW-D function for the HKM or the VDKW-DU function. Should the vapor medium be collected for any reason, this supportive Stromfühungs- and Kanalisierungsmaßnahmen in the UDK and outside the DTP are provided according to the invention. Turbines are particularly well-suited for the realization of DTP machines of the fourth main group, as they enable a large-area connection with a UDK directly behind and in front of the VDKW facility, without the need for additional intermediate volumes that make pressure transmission more difficult. Measures around the flow properties in turbines or in HDE or UDK, ect. to be able to adjust to these requirements are provided according to the invention. (eg turbulators and / or counter-rotating wheels to reduce the UDK possibly not transferable rotation of the flow, and / or an adaptation of the UDK structure to rotating flows, ie eg spiral or cylindrical cooling surfaces) The HDE of the functional section of HKM can for a DTM machine constructed in this way, of course, instead of being realized by means of combustion by means of a conventional heat exchanger or an evaporator. This design can also, for example for a different type of steam source only as AKM (second and third stage turbine) with the optionally optional additional functions VDKW-A and VDKW-D for HKM be realized. To ensure the lowest possible flow resistance of the heat exchanger (eg HDE, UDK, ect) Währe in such DTP machines, as a resulting from them on the flow pressure difference would have a negative effect on the efficiency of the equipment.

- Section 7 - Examples for possible fields of application, Construction and operation of the protection features of the invention according to characterized equipment:

General:

There the possibilities to the construction and the operational management ways of not fully illustrated by the invention features DTP machines are, here for better clarity, still some technical relevant, exemplary DTM machines, as well as criteria and measures for their management in their essential features be circumscribed. The characterizing features of the invention are however, according to the protection characteristics, as being of combination properties, as well as the means and procedures of the management independently, on the use of the Understand essential characteristics of the invention to understand. Because about the disclosed invention characteristics will the functioning of the DTP, general for different machines with gaseous Working media, i. even if they condense completely or partially application specific, low loss, high performance, practical and or technically feasible.

1 - Solar Heitzungsanlagen Combination:

The exemplary plant for building and decentralized energy supply has a heat medium cycle (eg oil), in different speeds, and depending on the operating characteristics by a solar collector (eg Heitzrohr with back reflector in isolation atmosphere with optional mirrored inside Absorbtionsflächen) and or a burner (oil, natural gas , ect.) and a heat exchanger for heating of a working medium (HDE) ciculently. (in midsummer, for example, only solar and on cloudy winter days, for example, only burners and burners to solar, with a purposefully active and or passively recoverable circulation) Here, the burner by a, in the meantime driven by a Abgasturbo compressor with the oxidant (eg air) supplies In addition, optionally additional excess volume pressure of the combustion and heating by the drive machine usable for starting from the compressor can be converted into electrical energy for operation. (eg direct current for operation control and pumps or mains supply) The fuel can be supplied together with the air or separately, eg by direct high-pressure injection. The consideration of the heat medium would be done in this example, only behind the exhaust turbo such that the application criteria are met. 53 ° C) in order to achieve the desired cooling of the exhaust gases by a slightly below the boiling point of the heat medium, and to be able to use the solar thermal energy even under worse conditions, could in the example plant a low-temperature steam ( For example, ethanol, ethyl methyl ketone, ect.) Are used. But also a higher tempered steam medium would be useful, since the remaining in the exhaust gases, excess heat between the exhaust turbo and burner on the preheating of the combustion air could be used loss, and solar collectors eg after the parabolic or circular reflector principle also Heitzthemperaturen allow some hundred ° C. , By the heat medium in the heat exchanger (HDE), the steam medium is heated sufficiently via controlled injection (VDKW-D), whereupon the resulting saturated steam can pass through both working phases (VDKW-AK) and cooling (UDK), eg via a vane pump described in 3b) , and finally discharged in liquid form. In this case, for example, the working medium is at the same time also the coolant, which would suggest a coolant temperature which is significantly below the boiling point. This can be achieved by first cooling the working medium originating from the VDKW-AK by the main heat exchanger or the heating heat removal and optionally finally by the preheating of the oxidation medium between the turbocharger and the burner. If one wishes to make do with lower power densities (which also means relatively higher friction losses), condensation of the working medium may possibly be achieved entirely or substantially by expansion of the working medium. By suitable connections and the corresponding valve controls, the function combination VDKW-DU can also be largely taken over by the central VDKW in this example. In addition, it can be used in the same way without problems as a lump device for injecting the coolant through the radiator circuit, since in a device according to 3b) several process sections take place simultaneously in consecutive chambers. In addition, the use of eg print buffers is invented is provided according to the. The possibilities to regulate this exemplary plant are vielfälltig, and are based as in other systems on the leadership to desired areas of suitable process variables. For example, the operation of the system according to suitable Themperaturkombinationen (vapor medium and heat medium or cooling medium) and associated process control behavior (cooling phase time, cooling capacity, generator load torque). provided according to the invention. Particular attention is certainly paid to the requirements of the combustion process and its process variables. With an optional increase in the speed, and eg an Asyncrongenerator and an associated inverter, could be realized from a conventional, inexpensive elements built-in network feed. The cooler for the steam medium can heat depending on the degree of load, and this also optionally as needed multi-stage process water, Heitzungswasser, combustion air and or recirculated air directly.

2 - Retrofit of Large power plants (for example, coal, nuclear power plants, ect.)

at modern large power plants is one of them or more vapor pressure stage (s) for the conversion of heat energy in mechanical or electrical power available. These plants usually work according to the Clausius Rankiene process and are thus bound to an upper limit below the Carnot efficiency. You reach afterwards, under consideration mechanical and electrical losses, depending on the technology and steam temperature in modern designs efficiencies between about 42 and 58%. In These plants are in addition to the overpressure VDKW-A (turbines) also heat exchangers for the cooled, by VDKW-D attributable cooling water present, with the help of which the remaining above the condensation point, otherwise no longer profitable to use residual heat is mostly usable. The above When condensing withdrawn, unused heat is usually directly delivered to the circulating air and / or to surface waters, without that taking place during the condensation volume reduction, or the potentially resulting, relative negative pressure used profitably can be. Such an existing system is thus counter pressure free one To take enormous amount of low-temperature steam. This could in, for a continuous mass flow, preferably in two or more UDK according to the invention (e.g., after 2d)) through the vacuum working phase Cooling or transfer medium (e.g., water), for example, in a grand style vane pump Do a lot of work and at the same time be condensed. Währe an increase the electrical efficiency by an estimated 12-18% achieve. One of the steam or Amount of adequate management, can in this case for example, by appropriately controlled cooling period times (generator load torque), Cooling water Themperaturen and or the corresponding partial operation of existing parallel modules or UDK channels implemented become. For easier admission of the steam or displacement of the previous content, may be without additional conveyor, e.g. the at one purposefully increased Liquid column at the UDK outlet acting gravity, but also any additional Conveyor and or combination with other functional areas of the protection features to be used. (e.g., VDKW-DU function combined with coolant delivery)

3 - exemplary Structure for Thermal converters from power plants

At the New construction of large or even blockage power plants, the use of the DTP from the beginning taken into account and a corresponding combined sizing realized by HKM and AKM. Here then, for example, the combined functions VDKW-AK and VDKW-DU. Of the HDE can at such power plants by any combinations of Be built individual stages. (e.g., heat exchangers of process cooling and thereby sloping media, such as the exhaust gases of a fuel cell cooled by the working medium and heat this up) Instead of an active or only passively (e.g., by expansion) cooling According to the invention vane pump 3b)) can, for example, for very large gas volume flows one Turbines are used as VDKW-AK behind the HDE. Follow her in the material flow from Working medium next essential component of the UDK, which at will with or without an additional Cooling or transfer medium Speißung constructed can be. The latter could For example, in conjunction or mechanical coupling with the the VDKW-U or VDKW-DU function fulfilling VDKW operated with reduced losses become. For these functions can Any VDKW be used, so come here due to the smaller volume for example, wing and or gear pumps used. A Vorwährmung of the working medium via a heat exchange in, for example, only the hotter areas from the UDK is provided according to the invention. By the described technical measures are for pure, over thermal Power-generating power plants (e.g., nuclear power plant) estimated to be electric Efficiencies of over 80% feasible.

4 - Example a fuel cell blockage power plant

For the business a fuel cell (FC), it is possible, the exhaust gases from the chemical Process of membrane humidification and cooling together as a pressure medium to use when the fuel cell in its construction as a high-pressure FC (HD-FC), and the corresponding process media pressed in (VDKW-D). This mode of operation should now, for example for a SOFC-FC assumed to be relatively long-term high temperature FC (600-850 ° C) for example Natural gas or evaporated bio-ethanol with the addition of circulating air when burning directly with about 60% efficiency in electrical Energy can be implemented. To regulate the operating temperature with high flexibility to be able to this can be the cooling medium (e.g., water) are selectively introduced (sprayed) (VDKW-D). This also allows more flexible shutdown and startup operations. To the remaining 40% of energy not easy to an exhaust air cooler or a surface water lose, it has already been practically implemented several times with decentralized to such a system, the domestic hot water and heating of blocks of flats heat, and the electric power before transport To inject power into the grid. With such a HD-FC lied in connection with the DTP not only, as in the systems with additional steam and or hot gas 35-45%, but estimated about 80% of this heat electrical benefits, without them then no longer for use would be ready. At 80% would this gives an overall electrical efficiency of 92%. To could at the hot gas outlet the HD-FC a pressure-resistant heat exchangers be attached, the already pressed into the pressure circuit, cooled cooling medium already heated before entering the HD-FC, and the exhaust of the HD-FC cool as far as that it is e.g. in a single VDKW, as in Figure 3b) discusses both Perform work phases of a DTP by gas cooling and condensation can (possibility for different far-reaching combination of VDKW-AK and VDKW-DU). The initial temperature of the DTP would be at, e.g. Water as additional steam or cooling medium in the to be cooled Circulation with about 92-97 ° C still high enough to heat service and or heating water (insofar the Water from the working medium not directly as heating water is used), and the exhaust temperature is at this point too still high enough, e.g. preheat already injected combustion air. If the central VDKW also as VDKW-D and / or for the promotion of coolant is to be used, the exhaust is actively controlled release, so that in the fluid circulation a pressure can be obtained. In such a system is a Litigation for example, thereby possible that the cooling demand imposed by the operating power of the FC is exceeded by the Coolant flow rate, or the generator load torque and / or by the coolant temperature, or the previous admixture of the hot DTP starting fluid is to regulate. Also over the temperature (mixture) of the cooling water for the DTP can be operational management adjustments to e.g. Reach speed and or working medium composition. After the DTP and optional ejection facilities, the Combustion gases over escape an optional expansion tank, by adding extra filtering such as. Blowing in calcium or barium hydroxide and filtering the corresponding carbonates for carbon dioxide capture the protective features provided according to the invention are. The filtering of the process water is just another, here very obvious example of the included according to the invention, appropriate addition to the Basic operation.

5 - exemplary Construction of a DTP gas and steam power plant

The possibility of a combination of DTP combustion and steam engines in a turbine arrangement has already been addressed in the embodiment 4b. For this purpose, the combustion, which takes place between the first (VDKW-D) and the second turbine stage, a steam medium (for example water) would be supplied in any desired manner, for example via a separate VDKW-D. In this example arrangement, the mean turbine stage also fulfills the VDKW-A functions of the HKM and the AKM, ie a VDKW-AK function. In the UDK located between the second and the third turbine stage, the working medium is cooled, whereby condensable vapors should largely condense, and the volume of the gases flowing out through the third turbine stage (VDKW-U) decreases. The condensate produced in the UDK can be collected in the UDK by suitable power supply and drainage measures, and removed by any VDKW as additional VDKW-U while maintaining the negative pressure. Depending on the application requirements, the working medium in the UDK can be cooled by any combination of expansion, preheating of the vapor medium, heating of another process medium (eg Heitzungswasser) and or preheating the oxidation or the combustion medium. For this example, it is to be assumed that the vapor medium after the VDKW-DU flows through a heat exchanger to heat there Heitzungswasser before it is heated as the first cooling stage in the UDK and sprayed again into the combustion chamber. A filtering, by means of which, in this example, soot particles bound to a fuel oil combustion can be removed in the vapor medium, is in this device section, as well as the possible inflow (before VDKW-DU) and outflow (behind the VDKW-DU) can be integrated according to the invention. Likewise, optionally, for example, the base of the UDK serve as additional compensation volume for the amount of vapor medium. The second and or third stage of the UDK in this example consists in that the oxidizing agent, which here, for example, the circulating air is heated by an intermediate medium, and also preheated or separately Heitzöl as fuel. For example, to allow an uncontrollable generator load torque management with flexiebler performance, while maintaining the temperature condition for entry into the UDK, it is provided here as well as in any other functions according to the invention, for example, the vapor medium from hot shares directly behind the UDK and already cooled components, as well as to regulate the power or the coolant flow from the UDK instead.

6 - exemplary Construction of a DTP vehicle drive

In order to be able to use a DTP sensibly in, for example, a road vehicle, it is necessary to achieve the highest possible power density as well as the highest possible degree of integration of the required functions. In addition, operating environment-specific synergy possibilities often arise, as can be shown by the input and output pressure for the oxidant (circulating air) or the exhaust gases, for example. As inventively constructed center of such a drive, for example, one of the basic structure forth in Example 3b) discussed vane pump can be used. This is to be used in this example in the function of a DTP combustion steam engine. The operation as a complete DTP machine, in this example with the supply of water as a vapor and cooling medium at higher power density and without additional VDKW in the function of a supercharger (VDKW-D) or an additional UDK with vacuum maintenance (VDKW-U ) possible. In the case of vehicles, however, there is the special feature that in addition to the power required for speed changes for the mass acceleration, the power required for driving increases approximately to the same extent as the air resistance to be overcome. This situation makes it possible to increase the power density of the equipment with increasing speed without additional supercharger, and also to shift the UDK function out of the vane pump into an additional cooler held by the negative pressure at the rear of the vehicle at low pressure level. For this purpose is in this example in the vehicle front, tapered to increase the pressure inlet channel. In this, a device for trapping water droplets (eg injection screen with drain and or riser) may be integrated. The outlet, for example, at the rear of the vehicle has the best possible vacuum increase, for example, a convenient expansion, and distribution, arrangement and flow around, so that it can not come, for example by Gegenverwirblungen to pressure on the outlet surfaces when driving. In order to enable this basic DTP combustion steam engine function with the vane pump, as already described with reference to FIG. 3b), an example precompressed and preheated oxidant (circulating air) together with a fuel (natural gas, atomized diesel, etc.), for example an ignition device ignited and burned. To the combustion conditions adapted to the operating conditions (eg speed, load, desired power, ect.), (Eg air and fuel quantity or valve timing, ignition time, ect.) An appropriate amount of water for pressure increase and pre-cooling is sprayed, so that the AKM Function can take place by cooling in the working volume of the vane pump. Since in this example the potential power density increases considerably with the inlet pressure of the DTP machine, the remaining cooling is displaced into the connected UDK at higher speeds after exhaustering. In this, the cooling and the emergence of the increased negative pressure, which performs additional work when discharging, in functioning as VDKW-AK wing pump. At this operating point (meaningful only from 70 km / h, for example), it is expedient to open the outlets of the vane pump earlier or via larger outlets than in operation without the additional UDK on the output side, and to switch off the UDK cooling in the vane pump, to be able to continue using the residual heat via the external UDK. The cooling in the external UDK can be done, for example, by heating a low-temperature vapor medium for a second DTP stage. This can be used eg to support the drive, or to generate electricity. This construction is characterized by the advantage that it operates at low power levels or speeds with high efficiencies without longer Aufwährmphasen, and at very high power or speeds very favorable values for power density and power weight allows. In order to choose a cheap and compact design, this can then be constructed pure steam DTP machine, for example, after the main group 3 with a gear pump as VDKW-AK-UDK combination. The promotion of the cooling or transfer medium can be realized cost-effectively, for example, by a second gear pump, which is operated combined in the VDKW-DU and coolant conveying function. (Compensating to or from the flow is before or behind by Ventiele without additional funding Direction possible) Combustion air preheating can be combined, for example, with the cooling of the cooling or transfer medium of this second DTP stage. According to the invention, the heating circuit of the second DTP stage can be structured as desired so that, in addition to the coolant branch, it is possible to bring in further divisions as needed. Thus, for example, at the lowest temperature of the process medium, an engine block and / or exhaust end cooling and a stage for the final process medium pre-cooling can be operated in parallel. If the process medium, as in the example of the fuel cell cogeneration plant in a high-temperature range, the superheated here multi-stage high-pressure superheating, in series with a parallel structure previously also another heat exchanger stage for pre-cooling or preheating the process medium can be used. Since the superheated steam results in a process overpressure-related, greater overpressure than in the pre-cooled steam for the condensation, it is expedient to keep the cooling side of the heat exchange process as compact as possible from the spatial volume to the VDKW-A. A pure closed-loop steam DTP machine, as in the second DTP stage in this example, could preferably be lubricated directly and / or indirectly via the respective process medium for wear reduction, which can result in significant cost savings. For example, an optional mechanical coupling between the two DTP stages may be read by varying the peak temperature in the second DTP stage, and or regulating the heat or steam production of the first DTP stage, according to drive power requirements. By using a filter in the steam-cooling or transfer medium circulation of the first DTP stage, the protective features can be dissipated into diesel soot particles to be captured, for example, by steam. About the interference of a different, appropriate amount of quicklime or slaked lime to the cooling or transfer medium, can be obtained in a cost-effective manner using the mentioned filter, the carbon dioxide formed during combustion to a large extent in the form of calcium carbonate and discharged as a solid. However, in order to be able to realize a drive train with the machine described by way of example, further components are required. For this purpose, the drive shafts of the one and / or other DTP stage could be connected with or without intermediate transmission, fixed or separable to one or more electric machines which are easily controllable as motor and generator. To drive one or more generators by means of DTP stages, and thus to generate electrical energy for, for example, a combustion electric motor hybrid drive, is technically obvious from the technical standpoint, simpler in terms of control but less favorable in terms of weight and volume. Since the described DTP stages and electric motors are also relatively well to operate with Nidrigen speeds, (good concentricity compared to conventional internal combustion engines), they could also work together on one side, with and without a turbo coupling eg via a planetary gear with or without variable Translation be connected to the drive shaft. The electric machine can take on a load balance, but also the complete drive at lowest speeds. When using a turbo clutch would have the advantage of being able to keep the machines in the "stop and go operation" at minimum speed, and to load in the drive pauses electrical energy storage (CAP's, accumulators, ect.) This would be the loss for accelerating the A clutch function would also be targeted in the design of a planetary gear, to realize the possibility to separate the power transmission (freewheel braking is like a conventional clutch wear-prone) can accommodate a considerable amount of braking power, and can also have a very attractive short-term power flexibility when not overheated by appropriate electrical energy storage (CAP's), will be mentioned here as a final example of possible modes of operation According to the invention, the existing VDKWs could, for example, also be used in the meantime as compressors or for acceleration as gas-pressure engines. The regulation of flow rates, for example, by controlling valve opening times and or by throttle valves is provided according to the invention for any criteria, in any functions for operational management.

7 - exemplary Construction of a DTP aircraft engine

In propulsion engines for or in aircraft engines is generally a high power density and a low power to weight, but often good controllability, as well as the least possible (robust) structure required. In addition, the drive is usually exerted on the force effect in the generation of air currents, as the repulsion or relative acceleration of solids for general usability is rather problematic (eg gun principle or ion propulsion). This is a feature that, if susceptible transmission components are to be avoided, the DTP machine should contain VDKW-A units that are already high in their own turn. The partial usability of a DTP drive machine as a jet engine, which does not deliver larger amounts of material (eg water vapor) is, for example by to realize the following example. The basis for the technical expediency of such a machine is the fact that the drive power generated by the heat (volume) of the gas discharged from a conventional jet engine can be significantly smaller than the drive power generated by a DTP engine by the heat alone could be an additional cold airflow. (without further synergies in connection with the cooler effect) The DTP combustion engine contained in an exemplary implementation would be spatially separate from, for example, the additional DTP steam engine. In this example, HKM AKM combinations constructed on the basis of exemplary embodiments 4b) and 4a) are used. The heat exchanger in the UDC of the DTP internal combustion engine heats a low-temperature vapor medium. The flow should be so great, for example, that the vapor medium in the UDK is not heated too high, otherwise a different structure would be required. (At least one other heat exchanger required for proper operation) The steam thus generated flows through a turbine stage (VDKW-AK function) before it flows continuously into the, below the foremost Flügelkannte, along the wing, integrated in its form mounted UDK. This is thereby cooled by the air flowing past it, which can generate additional buoyancy and possibly lower surface current resistances by their appreciation or expansion. The condensate produced in the UDK can also be injected in liquid form through a turbine or other types of pumps into the HDE, ie the UDK of the DTP combustion engine. The drive power of both DTP machines is now additionally available eg for the operation of an air-conveying turbine, or for at least one second jet engine. However, special attention must be paid here to the UDK in the wing, since the removal of the condensate with the help of gravity in an aircraft is only possible to a limited extent. The most direct possible delivery to the internal cooling surfaces is advisable hiebei as well as the avoidance of the return of uncondensed gases. If, for example, this UDK is divided into many individual sections aligned longitudinally of the fuselage, the gas enters the front part of the UDK, and the latter is at the same time filled with condensate as an expansion tank, it is possible to use oblique pipes running from the front to the middle of the UDK, Steep or swooping is always remove condensate, and this also optional vorheitzen. An additional discharge of still received steam bubbles, the protection features can be dissipated after eg a separate separator. A position- or media-adaptive valve system would also be used according to the invention, such as, for example, direction-varying capillary vessel structures for solving this UDK problem, which would also be usable in weightlessness. It is the protection features according to the invention provided that, for example, the two DTP stages in a common structure, for example, can be combined with each other within a single jet engine.

- Section 8 - final information for licensing:

The License fees become uniform upon request according to factual criteria, appropriate amount in the purpose of use (development work, equipment performance, profitability and or charity) and are therefore determined in a balanced and fair manner. Flat-rate licenses become more unjust due to impropriety and danger Cost allocation refused. Generally, the licensing fees are at the beginning Patent terms are low, and from the first device license, from starting from the starting level for the licensee according to quantity discount considerations (device unit performance dependent) cheaper become. In addition, the entry-level license fees rise to half of the Patent term, to compensate for early development services clearly (twice), and run from there to the end the patent term back to their initial value. The license fees are in the second half the patent term, independently of the production quantity in no case higher than the simultaneous entry-level license fees. productions or production batches for low-yield or discounted use in structurally weak regions and for emergency Measured in terms of the yield level of production by a significant reduction in production License fees, up to their possible omission supported. to Classification and announcement of the respective license fee or discount scheme is an information form about the named, legally binding representation to obtain from the inventor, and in turn to submit about this before.

Claims (15)

All embodiments of any equipment, or of the invention DTP and the corresponding Maschienen are characterized in that the function of a Abkühlungskraftmaschiene simple or multiple contained therein partially or completely by means of Kühlflächen- and or power transmission media are the liquid realized. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding Maschienen according to the first claim, which are characterized that the Abkühlkraftmodule used therein work according to the functional or design principles described in the 2nd protection feature. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine according to the 1st and or 2nd claim, characterized in that the Abkühlkraftmodule used therein by the functional method described in the 3rd and or design guidelines become. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine according to the 1st, 2nd and or 3rd claim, which are characterized in that they also by a or more in the protection features 4.-6. listed properties described become. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine according to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and or 4th claim, which are characterized by using the 7th protection feature designed, dimensioned and / or operated become. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and or 5th Claim, characterized in that they are characterized by Observance of the behavior described in the 8th protection feature and Properties can be designed, dimensioned and / or operated. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and or 6. claim, which are characterized in that in addition a or more in the protection features 9.-11. illustrated properties are true to them. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machines after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and or claim 7, characterized in that they with process media characterized by the 12th protection features work. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machine after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and or or claim 8, characterized in that they are materials characterized according to the 13th protection characteristics, process and or criteria will be realized. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the DTP according to the invention and the corresponding machine after the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and or 9th claim, characterized that they also by one or more in the protection features 14th + 15th listed Properties are described. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the inventive DTP and the corresponding machines according to the 10th claim, in addition characterized in that in their realization in the 16th Protection feature described supplementary and combination options are included. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the DTP according to the invention and the corresponding Maschienen according to the 10th claim, the Moreover, they are characterized by the fundamental structure on individual and / or several, that over the examples of the executions and or applications disclosed in accordance with the invention. All embodiments of any equipment, or of the DTP according to the invention and the corresponding machinery used in the functional design Method and or modes of use, through the use of up to Date of filing altogether as novel features of Cooling combustion engines Marked are. This is true in the literal sense of the use in particular also if one or more cooling power machines after the 13th claim only part of, in their properties on the Description of the claim beyond reaching equipment are. (the relevant functional process design and construction) Application properties are in the protection features and examples to the invention in more detail described). The present invention and its claims affected equipment are characterized according to the 14th claim, characterized in that the use of the properties disclosed for this purpose increases the surface area Room density, and thus cooling rate (Power density), as well as a lossless power transmission as in previously known Abkühlkraftmaschiene can be achieved. The present invention and equipment affected by their claims are characterized according to the 15th claim, characterized in that Properties of refrigeration operations and / or transmissions within equipment that are characteristic of the function (s) of section (s), due to the functional, process and design and / or assembly characteristics described in the protection features and or examples. This claim relates in particular to the vacuum compensation and the optional cooling by a medium according to the invention.