DE102006024984A1 - Detector device for e.g. qualitative or quantitative position measurement of inertia system in space travel area, has partial beams repeatedly guided by media before partial beams are merged in beam splitter - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a laser source (20) for splitting a laser beam (91) into two partial beams (92, 93) over a beam splitter (31). The partial beams are guided over deflecting mirrors (41, 42, 51, 52) through air and optical medium. The partial beams are merged over the beam splitter and are brought on a viewing screen (81) for interference over an enlarge lens (71). The partial beams are repeatedly guided by the two media before the partial beams are merged in the beam splitter, where each partial beam passes the dense medium only in a single direction.

Description

The The present invention relates to new applications of laser interferometers with two different transmission media. In particular, the invention relates to a detector device for the qualitative or quantitative recording of a situation or speed in the room. The qualitative assessment only includes proof that that an inertial system opposes the cosmic background radiation moves while the quantitative coverage of both the exact alignment with the Huge Attractor (constellation Centaurus) as well as the absolute speed across from includes the microwave background.

The qualitative and quantitative position and speed measurement in Space plays an important role, especially in the aerospace industry Role. In addition, when navigating the ground or at sea is one exact knowledge of the exact spatial Alignment of the utmost importance. Anomalies in the earth's magnetic field often provide inaccurate directional measurements. For this reason, more and more methods of satellite navigation come for use. But even these highly precise but technologically very complicated procedures have inadequacies. On the one hand It may take a few 10 minutes for the initial location to reach the GPS receiver all for need a position determination Satellites. On the other hand, the position determination only possible if there is optical contact with the satellites. In street canyons, mountain valleys, closed buildings, Underground facilities and underwater this form of the Localization therefore often off. In the aerospace industry will be procedures in which fixed cosmic reference points (e.g., fixed stars or a radio signal from the earth) are targeted. The disadvantage Here it is that a visual contact with the reference point is necessary here as well. In the shadow of planets or moons this contact usually breaks off. Another, but so far extremely expensive process is the Speed measurement opposite the cosmic microwave background. This was first in 1976 performed by Richard Muller [1]. This is done with precision antennas detects the redshift of the 3K cosmic background noise and based on the shift the absolute speed against the Huge Attractor calculated.

The Object of the present invention is to provide a cost-effective measuring device for Qualitative or quantitative recording of a situation or speed to create in the room. This device should be independent of Magnetic field anomalies, outer shielding and electromagnetic interference be, so they also location and speed under extreme conditions, such as in space, underground and submarine Area allows.

These Tasks are performed by a two-media interferometer according to claim 1-4, one Freely rotatable device for locating the Great Attractor according to claim 5, 6 and an aligned perpendicular interference counter to the Determining the speed in the room solved according to claim 7.

The present invention is based on the idea to eliminate the compensation effects in the classical Michelson interferometer by the use of different dense light media. This method is largely based on the Michelson interferometer already used in 1887 by Michelson and Morley for the determination of the ether. Contrary to their expectations, Michelson and Morley measured a zero result instead of the expected interference shifts [2]. Only with the help of the special theory of relativity a mathematical explanation could be given for this [3]. The time dilation, length contraction and the transversal Doppler effect ensure that the intrinsic velocity is eliminated from the interference equations and that the Michelson interferometer is unsuitable for determining the velocity. In 1 to 3 this effect is shown graphically:

1 shows a stationary inertial system, wherein a laser beam is split at the time t0 at a beam splitter into two partial beams. At the time t1 = t2, both the longitudinal and the transverse partial beam are reflected in order to be brought together again at the time t3. As long as the wave maxima do not shift against each other at the point of the merge, there are no changes in the interference pattern.

2 shows from a dormant viewer point of view from a linearly moved with 25% tiger speed of light inertial system, wherein a laser beam is split at the time t0 into two sub-beams. Due to the transversal Doppler effect, this beam is opposite to the stationary system ( 1 ) redshifted so stretched. At time t1 (= ½ t3), the transverse partial beam reaches the upper mirror. The longitudinal partial ray follows the right mirror and reaches it at time t2, which is slightly later than t1. For this reason, the longitudinal partial beam now also passes through several wave maxima as the transverse partial beam. On the way back, the longitudinal partial beam then approaches the beam splitter, whereupon it has to travel through a shorter path and thus correspondingly fewer wave maxima than the transverse beam. At time t3, the reflected partial beams impinge on the beam splitter again simultaneously. Due to the length contraction reaches the longitu dinale beam despite symmetry shift after exactly the same number of wave maxima as the transverse part of the beam beam splitter. There is no shift of the wave maxima and thus also no change in the interference pattern.

3 shows, using the example of 50% light speed, that, irrespective of the speed of the moving inertial system, the in 2 compensation effect always has to deliver a zero result.

This Compensation effect, however, is only given if that in the interferometer split laser beam over the entire route is transmitted in the same medium. Once a Media change takes place, in which a ray of light in the one Direction in vacuum or air and in the other direction in one optically denser medium with as possible high refractive index, the relative speed can not be compensated out and it's the original one expected interference shifts on.

This Effect has already been both mathematical and experimental (see attachment).

According to one Particularly preferred embodiment - the two-media interferometer - is a Laser beam split by a beam splitter cube into two sub-beams. The one partial beam first traverses the direction of movement optically less dense medium and is contrary to the direction of movement returned by the optically denser medium. The second partial beam first passes through the optically denser medium in the direction of movement and is opposite to the direction of movement through the optically less dense medium returned. Both Partial beams finally become in the beam splitter cube merged again and about one Aufweitlinse brought to an observation screen to interference.

According to one another embodiment becomes a classic Michelson interferometer parallel to the two-media interferometer operated. about an adjustment of both interference patterns can cause interference effects caused by thermal fluctuations, distortions of the measurement setup and other external influences, averaged out become.

According to one another embodiment becomes the dual-media interferometer for positioning the Great Attractor used. Therefor the structure is gimbaled and will be so long in its spatial Location varies until over an optical detector no change the interference pattern can be detected more. This condition is then reached when the beam path through the denser medium is directed perpendicular to the big one Attractor is aligned. In this case, the airspeed has of the inertial system has no influence on the split partial beams, the interference pattern remains constant.

According to one another embodiment becomes the dual-media interferometer used for absolute speed determination. This is the structure also gimballed and will be so long in its spatial Location varies until over an optical detector a maximum temporal change of the interference pattern is detected. Based on a comparison with the known direction and interference change parameters for one the earth dormant system can both the absolute direction of movement as well as speed of the moving inertial system determined become.

following become preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying figures. It demonstrate:

4 a schematic representation of a two-media interferometer;

5 a schematic representation of a dual-media interferometer including a Michelson reference interferometer;

6 a schematic representation of a gimbaled dual-media interferometer for targeting the large attractor and for speed measurement.

4 is a schematic representation of a two-media interferometer vibration-free on a solid bottom plate ( 10 ) is mounted. A stabilized laser source ( 20 ) (eg Melles Griot HeNe laser 05-LHP-121-241, 2.5 mW, 632.8 m) emits a laser beam ( 91 ). This laser beam is in a beam splitter ( 31 ) (eg non-polarizing beam splitter cube) into two sub-beams ( 92 ) and ( 93 ) split.

Partial beam ( 92 ) by a visually less dense medium (eg air or vacuum) via a deflection mirror ( 42 ) to the mirror system ( 51 ) and there in a visually denser medium ( 60 ) with refractive index> 1 (eg water 1.33, glycerol 1.47, Plexiglas 1.49). After passing through the denser medium ( 60 ), the sub-beam ( 92 ) via a mirror system ( 52 ) to the deflection mirror ( 41 ) and from there to the beam splitter ( 31 ) returned.

Partial beam ( 93 ) is connected via a deflection mirror ( 41 ) through an optically less dense medium (eg air or vacuum) to the mirror system ( 52 ) and there in opposite directions in the optically denser medium ( 60 ) coupled. After passing through the denser medium ( 60 ), the sub-beam ( 93 ) via the mirror system ( 51 ) to the deflection mirror ( 42 ) and from there to the beam splitter ( 31 ) returned.

In the beam splitter ( 31 ), the two partial beams ( 92 ) and ( 93 ) and brought together via an expanding lens ( 71 ) on an observation screen ( 81 ) brought to interference.

5 is a schematic representation of a two-media interferometer, which is extended by a Michelson reference interferometer. Both interferometers are on a solid bottom plate ( 10 ) assembled. A stabilized laser source ( 20 ) emits a laser beam ( 91 ). In the beam splitter ( 32 ) becomes a part of the laser beam ( 91 ) and used to operate the Michelson reference interferometer. In the beam splitter ( 33 ), this split-off laser beam is split into the two partial beams ( 94 ) and ( 95 ) split. Partial beam ( 94 ) is on the mirror ( 44 ) to the beam splitter ( 33 ) backreflected, partial beam ( 95 ) is on the mirror ( 43 ) to the beam splitter ( 33 ) reflected back. In the beam splitter ( 33 ), the two partial beams ( 94 ) and ( 95 ) and brought together via an expanding lens ( 72 ) on an observation screen ( 82 ) brought to interference.

The main beam ( 91 ) becomes like already at 4 described in the two-media interferometer brought to interference. By comparing the interference patterns on the observation screens ( 81 ) and ( 82 ) it can be avoided that interference effects in the two-media interferometer lead to erroneous position or velocity measurements. As long as the interference pattern on the observation screen ( 82 ) of the Michelson reference interferometer, it is ensured that no parasitic effects are present.

6 is a schematic representation of a gimballed two-media interferometer for targeting the large attractor and for speed measurement. It is in 4 described two-media interferometer via a gimbal ( 11 ) freely movable. Motors (eg stepper motors) allow the interferometer to be placed in any position in the room. The motors can be controlled via a control logic, which is controlled by an optical sensor ( 100 ) on the observation screen ( 81 ) monitor occurring interference patterns.

To target the Great Attractor becomes the denser medium ( 60 ) are positioned in the room so that there are no measurable interference changes on the observation screen ( 81 ) comes. In this case, the big attractor stands vertically above or below the two-media interferometer.

To make a speed measurement, the denser medium ( 60 ) positioned in the space such that the interference patterns on the observation screen ( 81 ) with maximum frequency. Based on the rate of change of the interference patterns on the observation screen ( 81 ) the absolute speed in space can be calculated. Based on the way the interference fringes or stripes change (rings widen when they change or shrink together), the absolute direction of motion can be determined.

To exclude also in the gimballed two-media interferometer interference effects, this embodiment can as in 5 be supplemented by an additional Michelson interferometer.

bibliography

• [1] Calder, Nigel, Einstein's Universe, British Broadcasting Corporation, Chapt. 17 (1979)
• [2] Michelson, Morley, The American Journal of Science, No 203, 333 pp (Nov 1887)
• [3] A. Einstein, On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Annals of Physics and Chemistry, Jg. 17, pp. 891-921 (1905)

10

baseplate

11

gimbal suspension

20

laser source

31

beamsplitter

32

beamsplitter

33

beamsplitter

41

deflecting

42

deflecting

43

deflecting

44

deflecting

51

Mirror system for beam injection into medium 60

52

Mirror system for beam injection into medium 60

60

denser optical medium

71

Aufweitlinse

72

Aufweitlinse

81

observation screen

82

observation screen

91

emitted laser beam

92

Situated Spalteter laser beam

93

Situated Spalteter laser beam

94

Situated Spalteter laser beam

95

Situated Spalteter laser beam

100

optical sensor

Claims (7)

Detector device for the qualitative or quantitative detection of the movement of an inertial in-room based on a two-media interferometer, comprising: a laser source ( 20 ), which is a laser beam ( 91 ) via a beam splitter ( 31 ) into two partial beams ( 92 . 93 ) and these in opposite directions over several deflection mirrors ( 41 . 42 . 51 . 52 ) a distance through a less dense optical medium, the other distance through a denser optical medium ( 60 ) and finally the two partial beams ( 92 . 93 ) over the beam splitter ( 31 ) and via an expanding lens ( 71 ) on an observation screen ( 81 ) brings to the interference. In order to achieve the smallest possible design, the partial beams ( 92 . 93 ) are passed repeatedly through the two media before being placed in the beam splitter ( 31 ) are brought together again. It is only important that each partial beam passes through the denser medium only in one direction. Reference device for excluding parasitics in measurements with the detector device according to claim 1, comprising: a device ( 32 ) for decoupling a partial beam from the laser beam ( 91 ), wherein the decoupled laser beam via a beam splitter ( 33 ) into two partial beams ( 94 . 95 ) and split them over several mirrors ( 43 . 44 ) in the beam splitter ( 33 ) and brought together via an expanding lens ( 72 ) on an observation screen ( 82 ) is brought to interference. An alternative reference device for eliminating spurious effects in measurements with the detector device of claim 1, comprising: a device ( 32 ) for decoupling a partial beam from the laser beam ( 91 ), wherein the decoupled laser beam via the deflection mirror ( 41 . 42 . 51 . 52 ) along the same beam path as in the detector device according to claim 1 is passed. In contrast to the dual-media interferometer of claim 1, however, the reference laser beam on the optically denser medium ( 60 ) and guided the entire beam path in optically less dense medium. An alternative reference device for eliminating spurious effects in measurements with the detector device of claim 1, comprising: a device ( 32 ) for decoupling a partial beam from the laser beam ( 91 ), wherein the decoupled laser beam via the deflection mirror ( 41 . 42 . 51 . 52 ) along the same beam path as in the detector device according to claim 1 is passed. In contrast to the dual-media interferometer of claim 1, however, the reference laser beam is exclusively in the optically denser medium ( 60 ) guided. Detector device for general positioning of the large attractor on the basis of a detector device of claim 1 when required combined with one or more reference devices of claims 2, 3 or 4, comprising: a gimbal ( 11 ) via an optical detector ( 100 ), a controller and servomotors can be aligned perpendicular to the large attractor. Although the detector device according to claim 5 indicates the direction axis in which the large attractor is located, but makes no statement about which end of the direction axis pointing to the large attractor. A detector device for the exact positioning of the large attractor, based on the detector device according to claim 5, comprising: an additional device for measuring the transit time of the individual beams ( 92 . 93 ) of the splitting at the beam splitter ( 31 ) to the merger on the same beam splitter, whereby the exact spatial position of the large attractor can be determined on the basis of the transit time differences. A detector for absolute speed measurement based on the detector device according to claim 5 or 6, comprising: a gimbal ( 11 ) via an optical detector ( 100 ), a controller and servomotors can be aligned parallel to the direction of movement. By means of a computer, the interference changes as well as the transit time differences are compared with the known direction and interference change parameters of a system resting on the ground. After the values for the earth movement have been calculated out, both the absolute direction of movement and the speed of the moving inertial system can be determined.