DE102006013115A1 - Production of e.g. dental implants with coated, biocompatible, ceramic surfaces in gray-white shades, comprises deposition of metal or metalloid on substrate, and oxidation, e.g. anodically - Google Patents
Production of e.g. dental implants with coated, biocompatible, ceramic surfaces in gray-white shades, comprises deposition of metal or metalloid on substrate, and oxidation, e.g. anodically Download PDFInfo
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- DE102006013115A1 DE102006013115A1 DE200610013115 DE102006013115A DE102006013115A1 DE 102006013115 A1 DE102006013115 A1 DE 102006013115A1 DE 200610013115 DE200610013115 DE 200610013115 DE 102006013115 A DE102006013115 A DE 102006013115A DE 102006013115 A1 DE102006013115 A1 DE 102006013115A1
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- oxidized
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 150000002737 metalloid compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001005836 Euchloe ausonia Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010883 osseointegration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSLZEOQUCAWYDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ta+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[Ti+4].[Ta+5] CSLZEOQUCAWYDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003715 calcium chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000234 hepatic damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008818 liver damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000005202 lung cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000020816 lung neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018984 mastication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010077 mastication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Nb] RJSRQTFBFAJJIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017854 proteolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/306—Other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L27/303 - A61L27/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/026—Anodisation with spark discharge
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1. Problemstellung und Stand der Technik1. problem statement and State of the art
Implantatmaterialien
für die
ossäre
Integration bestehen in der Regel aus metallischen Grundkörpern. In
der Zahnimplantologie oder Wirbelsäulenchirurgie sind es vorwiegend
Titanwerkstoffe während
in der Endoprothetik zu ca. 90% Kobalt-Chrom-Legierungen im Einsatz
sind, im Bereich der Unfallchirurgie werden hauptsächlich hochlegierte
austhenitische Edelstähle
eingesetzt. Metalle weisen besonders für die dauerhaft verbleibenden
Implantate mehrere Nachteile auf: zum einen weisen sie endliche Korrosionsraten
auf, die sich beonders in entzündlichen
pH-abgesenkten Zuständen
verstärken.
Titan hat zum Beispiel bei einem pH 4 mit einer kathodischer Polarisation
zu –100mV
vs NHE eine Löslichkeit
von 10–6 g/l.
Weiterhin werden mit den Materialien immer wieder allergene Reaktionen
beobachtet und beispielsweise mit der LTT-Methode identifiziert. Zur
Lösung
des Problems sind mehrfach unterschiedliche Methoden zur Beschichtung
beschrieben. Im Patent
In
den Patenten
Weitere Lösungsansätze stellen gegenwärtig, die sehr stark in den Markt drängenden weißen Zirkonoxidzahnimplantate dar. Die Implantate sind so genannte Monoblockimplantate, d.h. der Pfosten und der enossale Teile sind einstückig hergestellt. Hieraus ergeben sich erhebliche Nachteile für den Chirurgen bei der Insertion und Weiterbearbeitung des Implantats. Das Implantat muss beispielsweise in situ beschliffen werden, um es für die Krone bzw. Prothetik vorzubereiten. Weiterhin besitzt Zirkon ein restliches Bruchrisiko unter der dauernden dynamischen oralen Kaubelastung. Völlig fehl eingeschätzt wird zur Zeit noch die chemische Stabilität des Yttriumoxid dotierten Zirkonoxid: nach Maßgabe der Pourbaix-Diagramme (Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria; M. Pourbaix National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Texas, USA, 1974) neigt auch Zirkon im sauren Bereich unter kathodischer Polarisation zur Korrosion und in den LTT-Untersuchungen werden zunehmend allergene Sensibilisierungen des TypIV beobachtet. Die Ursache kann auch in Reaktionen mit dem Yttrium, das als hochtoxisch und leicht säurelöslich beschrieben wird, liegen. Eventuell kann Yttrium auch Lungenkrebs oder Leberschäden verursachen, wenn es im menschlichen Körper akkumuliert wird. Hieraus dokumentiert sich der grundsätzliche Nachteil bei Verwendung von Vollkeramiken. Ihr Design und ihre Zusammensetzung richten sich nach den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Keramiken und heben damit ihre biologische Vorteile auf und kehren sie möglicherweise, wie mit der Dotierung mit Yttriumoxid, ins Gegenteil.Further Provide solutions currently, the very urgent in the market white zirconia dental implants The implants are so-called monoblock implants, i. of the Post and the endostile parts are made in one piece. Result from this there are significant disadvantages for the surgeon in the insertion and further processing of the implant. For example, the implant must be ground in situ in order to it for to prepare the crown or prosthetics. Furthermore has zirconium a residual fracture risk among the permanent dynamic oral Mastication. Completely misjudged At present, the chemical stability of yttria is doped Zirconia: according to specification the Pourbaix diagrams (Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria; M. Pourbaix National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Texas, USA, 1974), zirconium in the acidic region also tends to undergo cathodic polarization Corrosion and in the LTT investigations are becoming increasingly allergenic Sensitizations of the type IV observed. The cause can also be in Reactions with yttrium described as highly toxic and slightly acid-soluble will lie. Yttrium may also cause lung cancer or liver damage, if it is in the human body is accumulated. This documents the fundamental Disadvantage when using full ceramics. Your design and composition depend on the mechanical properties of the ceramics and lift and potentially reverse their biological benefits as with the doping with yttria, to the contrary.
2. Erfindungsgemäße Lösung2. Solution according to the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung des Problems erfolgt durch die Kombination mindestens zweier aufeinander abgestimmter Beschichtungsverfahren: Im ersten Schritt werden die Implantatoberflächen mittels physikalischer oder chemischer Hochvakuumverfahren mit hochhaftenen Schichten auf Basis von Refraktärmetalle ein- oder mehrlagig beschichtet und nachträglich in einem elektrochemischen Verfahren in wässrigen, nichtwässrigen Lösungen oder in Schmelzen anodisiert. Vorzugsweise wird die erste Schicht aus den Basismetallen Niob, Tantal, Zirkonium und Titan aufgebaut. Besonders die Metalle Niob und Tantal weisen aufgrund ihrer Beständigkeit im weiten pH-Bereich von mind. 0 bis 14 außerordentlich günstige biokompatible Eigenschaften auf.The inventive solution of Problem occurs by the combination of at least two successive Coordinated coating process: In the first step, the implant surfaces by means of physical or chemical high-vacuum method with high-performance Layers based on refractory metals coated one or more layers and subsequently in an electrochemical Process in aqueous, non-aqueous solutions or anodized in melts. Preferably, the first layer built from the base metals niobium, tantalum, zirconium and titanium. In particular, the metals niobium and tantalum have due to their durability in the wide pH range of at least 0 to 14 extremely favorable biocompatible Properties on.
Beispielsweise wird ein Zahnimplantatkörper mittels PVD (physical vapour deposition) mit einer 8μm reinen Tantalschicht beschichtet und anschließend in einem sauren Elektrolyten, der aus Phosphorsäure und Weinsäure auf den pH 3 eingestellt ist, mit einer ansteigenden Spannung bis 250V vs NHE unter Einstellung eines minimalen Anodisierstroms von weniger als 10mA/cm2 oxidiert. Innerhalb von 30min wächst in dem 40°C warmen Elektrolyten eine festhaftene Oxidschicht von 4-5μm auf. In Bild 1 ist ein Prinzipsquerschliff solch einer Schicht dargestellt. Der Vorteil dieser Vorgehensweise liegt darin, dass die Schichten ohne Spannungsdurchbrüche aufwachsen. Somit ist die Schicht porenfrei. Ihre Topographie entspricht in etwa der Untergrundtopographie des Substratkörpers. Hiermit ist es möglich, die für die ossäre Integration geeignete Oberflächenrauhigkeit durch Strahlen und Ätzen des Substrats anzupassen. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass die verbleibende nichtoxidierte Tantalschicht ein hoher Korrosionsschutz gewährleistet ist. Bei Tantal- und auch Niobbasierten Schichten lässt sich so ihr Vorteil zur Selbstheilung vorteilhaft zum wirkungsvollen Korrosionsschutz nutzen. Der selbstheilende Effekt beruht, auf die der spontanen Oxidation der Metalle oder ihrer Metalloide aufgrund der Zunahme ihres inkrementalen Volumens durch die Oxidbildung. Dieser ist besonders wichtig für Implantatkörper aus Kobalt-Chrom-Legierungen und austhenitischen Stählen. Im abgeschwächten Sinne gilt dieses auch für Titan und seinen Legierungen. Die so erzeugten Schichten sind grau-weiß. Der gemessene Oberflächenwiderstand der Schicht liegt größer 108 Ohm cm.For example, a dental implant body is coated by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition) with an 8 μm pure tantalum layer and then in an acidic electrolyte, which is adjusted to pH 3 from phosphoric acid and tartaric acid, with a rising voltage to 250 V vs NHE, with a minimum anodizing current of less than 10mA / cm 2 oxidized. Within 30 minutes, a solid oxide layer of 4-5μm grows in the 40 ° C electrolyte. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of such a layer. The advantage of this approach is that the layers grow up without voltage breakthroughs. Thus, the layer is pore-free. Their topography roughly corresponds to the background topography of the substrate body. This makes it possible to use the surface roughness suitable for osseous integration ability to adjust by blasting and etching the substrate. Another advantage is that the remaining unoxidized tantalum layer ensures high corrosion protection. In tantalum and niobium-based layers, their advantage for self-healing can be advantageously used for effective corrosion protection. The self-healing effect is due to the spontaneous oxidation of metals or their metalloids due to the increase in their incremental volume due to oxide formation. This is particularly important for implants made of cobalt-chromium alloys and austenitic steels. In a weakened sense, this also applies to titanium and its alloys. The layers produced in this way are gray-white. The measured surface resistance of the layer is greater than 10 8 ohm cm.
Durch Variation der Anodisierparameter kann die Oberfläche auch als porige Kraterlandschaft eingestellt werden. Mit Tantal als Zwischenlagenschicht gelingt dieses, wenn die Stromdichte bei 100mA cm–2 eingestellt wird, die Spannung erhöht sich unter diesen Bedingungen schnell auf Werte > 185V. Bei noch höheren Stromdichtbedingungen bricht die Oberfläche so schnell durch, dass durch die Poren auf einem Titansubstratkörper Titandioxid hochwächst.By varying the anodization parameters, the surface can also be set as a porous crater landscape. With tantalum as an interlayer layer, this succeeds when the current density is set at 100 mA cm -2 , the voltage increases rapidly under these conditions to values> 185V. At even higher current density conditions, the surface breaks through so fast that titanium dioxide grows through the pores on a titanium substrate body.
Der erfindungsgemäße Vorteil liegt insbesondere auch darin, dass mit der Auswahl von Tantal- und Niobhaltigen Basisschichten, Schichten mit hoher elektrischer Spannungsfestigkeit erzeugt werden und die Schichten auch auf anderen Substratmaterialien wie den Kobalt-Chrom und austhenitischen Edelstählen problemlos dick anodisiert werden können, ohne dass es zu schadhaften Porendurchbrüchen zum Grundmaterial kommt.Of the inventive advantage In particular, it also lies in the fact that with the selection of tantalum and Niobium-containing base layers, layers with high dielectric strength be generated and the layers on other substrate materials as the cobalt-chromium and austenitic stainless steels easily anodized thick can be without causing any defective pores to the base material.
Will man die Schichten zu einer fast perlweißen Farbe oxidieren, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen die Unterlagenschichten aus ihren Nitriden, Carbiden, Boriden oder den entsprechenden Mischformen zu erzeugen. Überhaupt lassen sich hierüber alle Weißabstufungen einstellen. Beispielsweiße erhält man durch die Oxidation einer quaternären Mischphasenschicht (Ti, Nb)ON in einem schwach sauren Elektrolyten eine festhaftende perlweiße Oxidschicht, die besonders vorteilhaft für die Aufbauten eines Zahnimplantat genutzt werden können.Want it has oxidized the layers to a nearly pearly white color proved to be advantageous the underlays of their Nitrides, carbides, borides or the corresponding mixed forms to create. Ever can be all about this shades of white to adjust. example White receives by the oxidation of a mixed quarternary phase layer (Ti, Nb) ON in a weakly acidic electrolyte a firmly adhering pearl-white oxide layer, the most advantageous for the abutments of a dental implant can be used.
In einem anderen Beispiel sei noch einmal der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht nur hinsichtlich seiner Farbeinstellung und seiner chemisch stabilen Konstitution sondern auch hinsichtlich weiterer Möglichkeiten zum biologischen Engineering dargestellt. Einerseits lässt das Verfahren wie an anderer Stelle beschrieben (Diploma Thesis, Markus Müller, Anodic Plasma Chemical Surface Treatment of Titanium for Medical Implant Application; ETH Zürich 2001/2002) bei den direkten anodischen Oxidationen von Titan auch den Einbau von Calcium und Phosphat zu, indem man den Elektrolyten entsprechend mit Ca(H2PO4)2, einem Calciumchelatbildner wie EDTA und Phosphorsäure zur pH – Einstellung, benutzt. Das in die Schicht eingebaute Calcium und Phosphat soll die Osseointegration beschleunigen. (V.M. Frauchinger, F. Schlotting et al in Biomaterials, Elsevier, July, 2003)In another example, the advantage of the method according to the invention is again shown not only in terms of its color setting and its chemically stable constitution but also in terms of other possibilities for biological engineering. On the one hand, as described elsewhere (Diploma Thesis, Markus Müller, Anodic Plasma Chemical Surface Treatment of Titanium for Medical Implant Applications, ETH Zurich 2001/2002), the incorporation of calcium and phosphate in the direct anodic oxidation of titanium also permits by using the electrolyte with Ca (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 , a calcium chelating agent such as EDTA and phosphoric acid for pH adjustment. The calcium and phosphate incorporated into the layer should accelerate osseointegration. (VM Frauchinger, F. Schlotting et al in Biomaterials, Elsevier, July, 2003)
Erfindungsgemäß erscheint es jedoch noch sehr viel vorteilhafter, durch entsprechende Mischphasenbildung der Refraktärmetalle den oberflächennahen pH innerhalb der elektrolytischen Doppelschicht einzustellen. Beispielsweise weist Tantaloxid einen pzzp (point of zero zeta potential) bei pH 1 auf, Titanoxid bei 5,3 und Zirkonoxid bei ca. 7. Durch die Herstellung beispielsweise von Titan-Tantaloxid mit einem Anteil von 50At% Titan bezogen auf den Metallgehalt wird ein pzzp von 4,5 gemessen. Führt man die Oxidation einer Titan-Tantalooxinitridschicht in alkalischem Medium bei pH 9 durch verbleiben in der Oberfläche nach Maßgabe von SNMS (Sekundär-Neutral-Massenspektroskopie) Analysen ca. 10 At% Stickstoff, der durch Aminbildung der äußeren Grenzflächenatome den pzzp zu höheren pH-Werten verschiebt. Diese Möglichkeit ist deswegen so bedeutungsvoll, weil der primäre Schritt zur Osseointegration oder zur Anhaftung der Mukosa im gingivalen Teil des Implantats immer die Proteinadsorption aus dem Blutplasma ist. Die chemische Oberflächenkonstitution des Fremdkörpers bestimmt nicht nur ob das Protein durch Fragmentierung und/oder Proteolysereaktionen denaturiert sondern auch welches Protein adsorbiert wird. Der Zusammenhang lässt sich aus der Tatsache gut ableiten, dass Proteine einen pH-abhängigen isoelektrischen Punkt aufweisen. Der pzzp der Fremdkörperoberfläche entspricht dem neutralen isoelektrischen Punkt. Auch wenn gegenwärtig die Zuordnungen der Oberflächen zu spezifischen Proteinadsorption noch nicht erforscht ist, wird mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine zukunftsweisende Möglichkeit aufgezeigt zum „bioengineering" von anorganischen Fremdkörpern.According to the invention appears However, it is much more advantageous, by appropriate Mischphasenbildung the refractory metals the near-surface Adjust pH within the electrolytic double layer. For example tantalum oxide has a pzzp (point of zero zeta potential) at pH 1 on, titanium oxide at 5.3 and zirconia at about 7. By the preparation for example, titanium tantalum oxide containing 50 at% titanium Based on the metal content, a pzzp of 4.5 is measured. If you lead the Oxidation of a titanium tantalooxinitride layer in alkaline medium at pH 9, remaining in the surface in accordance with SNMS (secondary neutral mass spectroscopy) Analyzes about 10 at% nitrogen, by amine formation of the outer interface atoms the pzzp to higher pH values shifts. This possibility is so meaningful because the primary step to osseointegration or adherence of the mucosa in the gingival part of the implant always the protein adsorption from the blood plasma. The chemical surface constitution of the foreign body not only determines whether the protein by fragmentation and / or Proteolysis reactions but also which protein adsorbs becomes. The context leaves well derived from the fact that proteins have a pH-dependent isoelectric Point exhibit. The pzzp of the foreign body surface corresponds to the neutral one isoelectric point. Even if at present the assignments of the surfaces to specific protein adsorption has not yet been explored the method according to the invention a future-oriented possibility pointed to the "bioengineering" of inorganic Foreign bodies.
Die Einstellung der geeigneten Oberfläche kann erfindungsgemäß auch durch Beschichtung direkt mit dem PVD, CVD oder PECVD-Verfahren erfolgen.The Setting the suitable surface according to the invention also by Coating can be done directly with the PVD, CVD or PECVD method.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung mit den Vorteilen wird abschließend an einem Zahnimplantatsystem zusammenfassend beschrieben: Ein Zahnimplantat besteht aus einem enossalen, knochenintegrierenden Teil, einem gingivalen Teil und dem Aufbau. Das Implantatsystem ist aus hohfestem TiAl5Nb7 hergestellt. Der enossale Teil wurde zunächst mittels Strahlen mit Korund und Zirkonoxid auf eine Grundrauhigkeit Rz 12μm eingestellt, mit einer moderaten Ätzung in einer Schwefelsäure/Salzsäuremischung werden die lose anhaftenden Oberflächenpartikel und die Spitzen vorsichtig abgeätzt. Nach standardmäßiger Reinigung des enossalen Implantats wird dieses mittels PVD-Verfahren mit einer 8μm dicken Tantalschicht beschichtet. Der gingivale Teil wird währenddessen abgedeckt. Dieser Teil ist glatt poliert auf einen Wert Rz < 1μm. Nach der Beschichtung mit Tantal wird der gingivale Teil und der Aufbau mit einer 5μm dicken Titan-Nioboxinitridschicht beschichtet. Im zweiten Arbeitsgang werden die so vorbereiteten Körper anodisiert und zwar zunächst wieder der enossale Teil in einem wie oben beschriebenen sauren Elektrolyten. Die Oxidschicht wächst während des 35 minütigen Anodisiervorganges auf eine Schichtdicke von 4-5μm an. D.h. ca. 3μm Tantal verbleiben als Schutz- und Haftschicht auf dem Titan. Die Schicht nimmt eine hellgraueweiße Farbe an. Der gingivale Teile und der Aufbau werden in einer alkalisch eingestellten Natruimphosphat/Natriumhydrogen-phosphatlösung mit ca. 1-2μm dick oxidiert. Die Schicht ist perlweiß und erfüllt damit gut ästhetischen Ansprüchen für die Weiterverarbeitung zur Prothetik.The embodiment according to the invention with the advantages is finally described in summary on a dental implant system: A dental implant consists of an endosseous bone-integrating part, a gingival part and the structure. The implant system is made of high-strength TiAl5Nb7. The endosseous part was first adjusted by means of blasting with corundum and zirconium oxide to a basic roughness R z 12 .mu.m, with a moderate etching in a sulfuric acid / hydrochloric acid mixture, the loosely adhering surfaces p carefully etched the article and the tips. After standard cleaning of the endosseous implant, it is coated with an 8 μm thick tantalum layer by PVD. The gingival part is covered in the meantime. This part is smooth polished to a value R z <1μm. After coating with tantalum, the gingival part and the structure are coated with a 5 μm thick titanium-niobium oxynitride layer. In the second operation, the bodies prepared in this way are anodized, first of all the endosseous part in an acidic electrolyte as described above. The oxide layer grows during the 35 minutes anodizing process to a layer thickness of 4-5μm. This means that about 3 μm of tantalum remains on the titanium as a protective and adhesive layer. The layer assumes a light gray white color. The gingival parts and the structure are oxidized in an alkaline adjusted Natruimphosphat / sodium hydrogen phosphate solution with about 1-2μm thick. The layer is pearl white and thus fulfills good aesthetic requirements for further processing to prosthetics.
Der Vorteil derart hergestellter Implantatköper liegt neben den bereits oben ausgeführten mechanischen und biochemischen Vorteilen besonders darin, dass im Gegensatz zur Benutzung von vollkeramischen Implantaten, das Implantatsystem nach Maßgabe der chirurgischen Anforderungen ausgelegt werden kann und hiermit keine Einschränkungen für den Chirurgen hinsichtlich seiner Operationstechniken bestehen und Patienten nicht durch in situ Beschleifung im Mund unnötig belastet werden wie bei den Zirkonmonoblockimplantaten. Weiterhin ist hervorzuheben, dass die Oberflächen nicht wie bei Vollkeramiken technischen Gegebenheiten folgen sondern den biologischen Anforderungen gerecht werden können. Weiterhin lassen sich die Oberflächen-weisstöne in einem stärkeren Maße variieren als mit jedwedem anderen System.Of the Advantage of implant body produced in this way is in addition to the already executed above mechanical and biochemical advantages, especially in that Contrary to the use of all-ceramic implants, the implant system in accordance with the surgical requirements can be interpreted and hereby no restrictions for the surgeon in terms of his surgical techniques and patients do not exist be unnecessarily stressed by in situ grinding in the mouth as in the Zirkonmonoblockimplantaten. It should also be stressed that the Not surfaces as with full ceramics technical conditions follow but the meet biological requirements. You can continue the surface whiteness in one stronger Dimensions vary as with any other system.
Claims (11)
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| CN103386148A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-11-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Bone repair material containing multi-element biocover and preparation method thereof |
| WO2018220002A1 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Coated substrate having a titanium-containing coating and a modified titanium oxide coating |
| DE102017111784A1 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2018-12-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Coated substrate with titanium-containing coating and modified titanium oxide coating |
| CN107693852A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-02-16 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of flexible sterilization composite coating and preparation method thereof and bio-medical material |
| DE102020101882A1 (en) | 2020-01-27 | 2021-07-29 | Ralf Masur | White, bacteria-resistant, biocompatible, adhesive coating for implants, screws and plates and manufacturing processes integrated in hard and soft tissue |
| CN113500194A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-15 | 西安理工大学 | Preparation method of ordered multi-level pore structure tantalum bone implant |
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