DE102005054811A1 - Separating a ferrous metal fraction from a mixture of materials using an electromagnet-based separator comprises identifying ferrous metal components and determining the time at which they will enter the separator - Google Patents

Abstract

Separating a ferrous metal fraction from a mixture of materials using a separator comprising electromagnets that can be switched on and off comprises identifying ferrous metal components on the basis of specific features, e.g. shape, color, conductivity or magnetizability, determining the time at which these components will enter the separator, and switching on electromagnets accordingly so that the ferrous metal components are conveyed to a separate discharge position. An independent claim is also included for apparatus for carrying out the above process, comprising devices for performing the above operations.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for separating of metal fractions and / or parts from material mixtures, such as e.g. from the old-tire crushing or the comminution of Car wrecks coming from different metals in different Configurations, connected and connections, such as Compounds of Cu and Fe or rubber and Fe, included.

such Material mixtures contain magnetisable metals, not magnetizable Metals and composites of magnetizable and non-magnetizable Metals that have specific characteristics such as shape, color, alloying constituents, conductivity, Magnetizability etc. by integrated in the process flow conveying, Magnet separation, detection and separation devices distinguished should be.

To produce pure Fe metal fractions or non-ferrous metal fractions, separation devices with magnetic rotors are known, for example according to US Pat EP 0 339 195 . EP 0 342 330 . DE 195 21 415 . DE 43 23 932 ,

In addition, the separation devices according to the DE 100 02 368 also with the separation according to a specifically producible surface coloration of non-ferrous metals.

Furthermore, already dedicated to separation systems and methods according to the DE 199 32 480 already the problems of electronic waste processing.

Finally, it is also known, for example, according to the teaching of DE 100 56 658 by means of detection coils and nozzle bars to produce fractions consisting of non-ferrous metals, non-metals and metals from a discontinued solid mixture. In this case, a rotating magnetic rotor equipped with permanent magnets is also used.

material mixtures of the type mentioned in the beginning are very complex in their composition, heterogeneous and diverse as well as problematic at the same time, what the following example from the Practice shows.

• – 1. Sicherheit (keine feuergefährlichen oder radioaktiven Stoffe oder geschlossene Behälter im Schrott);
• – 2. Reinheit (frei von nichtmetallischen Stoffen);
• – 3. Begleitelemente (Anteile von insbesondere Kupfer, Zinn, Blei);
• – 4. Sorten-Mischung (nach vorheriger Vereinbarung), bestimmt die Reinheit und die Freiheit von sichtbarem Kupfer, Zinn oder Blei und den Wert des geshredderten Stahlschrottes bzw. die Annahmeweigerung durch das Stahlwerk.

Shredder systems have been used for years for shredding and processing end-of-life vehicles and light to medium heavy scrap. Shredded steel scrap is a sought-after feedstock for the steelworks, provided certain quality requirements are met. The quality criteria are usually defined by 4 main criteria:

• - 1. safety (not flammable or radioactive substances or closed containers in scrap metal);
• - 2. Purity (free of non-metallic substances);
• - 3. accompanying elements (shares of, in particular, copper, tin, lead);
• 4. Variety Blend (by prior agreement), determines the purity and freedom of visible copper, tin or lead and the value of shredded steel scrap or acceptance by the steelworks.

The Processing of the shredded shredded scrap is known by pneumatic and magnetic separation processes. Here are e.g. in air classifiers the airworthy ones non-metallic foreign substances and lifting magnet drums the heavier non-metallic materials (e.g., rubber, wood) and the freely available non-ferrous metals separated from the steel scrap. Composites, such as e.g. the rotors of electric motors, bronze bushings in steel housings, car tires with steel wires, become common by the magnetic drums with corresponding steel content also to the steel scrap fraction thrown and lead so for non-compliance with the above quality criteria.

Out This is why it is extremely unproductive often about 30 to 50% of the staff of a shredder plant for manual Sort the steel fraction on the sorting belts after the last magnetic separation stage used.

To an internal state of the art were already behind a leveraging Magnetic drum, which detected all Fe-containing parts and threw them onto a subsequent vibration conveyor, a second magnetic drum fed from above. The field strength of this Drum was reduced so far that heavy composites already fell off after 90 degrees of rotation of the drum shell, while pure Fe parts remained on the drum shell up to approx. 180 degrees and thus were dropped on another conveyor belt.

In However, the practice had turned out to be heavy pure Fe parts also fell into the "composite fraction" as well lighter composite parts with the pure Fe fraction arrived. One, if Reduced sorting of the pure Fe fraction was also continued required.

It Therefore, there is a requirement, including the respective composite parts to be recognized from the material flow of the type mentioned above, that they are separable. With the facilities and / or procedures This is not yet the case of the previously documented prior art possible.

The Invention, the task arises, both from the material mixtures of the type mentioned above as well as the material mixtures of the above described example pure, usable Fe metal fractions or do not produce Fe-containing fractions, doing the manual Effort for to reduce or avoid the sorting and a controlled magnetic Use separation in which there are conveyor-detection and separation devices are integrated.

According to the invention Problem solved according to the features of method claims 1 to 8. to execution of the method becomes a device according to the features the claims 9 to 15 proposed.

The Invention is intended to exemplary embodiments Hand of drawings closer explained become. In the drawings show

1 the simplified representation of the method as a block diagram,

2 a simplified perspective view of the device according to the invention and

3 an expanded page view 2 with the separated fractions.

In 1 Simplified is a derived from the old-tire crushing or comminution of car wrecks mixed material 1 represented, which by means of magnetic separation 2 to a mixture 3 is concentrated, at the same time with 4 designated, non-magnetic constituents and possibly Fe-containing carry-overs are separated.

According to 2 becomes this concentrated mixture 3 with isolated to a single grain layer first mixture proportions 3.1 and second mixture proportions 3.2 on a conveyor 5 abandoned and an electromagnetic separator 7 or magnetic drum supplied. This separator 7 has activatable / deactivatable segments 7.1 ... 7n in a required bandwidth, which are controllable, in correspondence or the assignment to the first and / or second mixture shares 3.1 . 3.2 ,

Out 3 It can be seen that the first and / or second mixture fractions to be separated from the single-grain layer 3.1 . 3.2 to a recognition device 6 which recognizes the specific characteristics, to the logistical decision "sorting / non-sorting" of the first and / or second mixture shares 3.1 . 3.2 hold true.

Referring to the 2 Then, a time is detected and fixed, to which the separated first and / or second mixture content 3.1 . 3.2 in the range of effect of the separating device 7 located. At least one partially connectable and / or disconnectable magnetic field from the bandwidth of the segments 7.1 ... 7n the separator forces the Fe parts consist of the mixture content 3.1 about an earliest starting discharge parabola 9 in a discharge position 8th , In this case, the second mixture proportions 3.2 separated from it.

According to these arrangements, the variations of the invention can be realized as follows:
It should metal fractions or parts of material mixtures 1 such as derived from old tire comminution or shredding of car wrecks containing various metals in different configurations, composites, and compounds, such as composites of Cu and Fe or rubber and Fe, to produce a pure, utilizable Fe metal fraction as a second mixture proportion 3.2 or Fe containing pure Fe as a first mixture fraction 3.1 which are to be distinguished according to specific characteristics such as shape color, alloy constituents, conductivity, magnetizability. By means of integrated support in the course of the procedure 5 Magnetic Separation 2 , Recognition 6 and separators 7 First, a time is detected (and corresponding functional links triggered), to which the first and second mixture components to be separated 3.1 . 3.2 in the effective range of the electro-magnetic separator 7 located to the partially connectable and / or disconnectable magnetic field in the separator 7 with the segments 7.1 ... 7n to activate or deactivate. As a result, the Fe parts become the first mixture components 3.1 to the separate discharge position 8th promoted.

For this it is important that a separation in the sense of a single-grained layer of the concentrated mixture 3 and conveying it to the recognition device 6 takes place to recognize the specific characteristics. Then the decision "sorting / non-sorting" 3.1 . 3.2 ,

The previous magnetic separation 2 produces the concentrated mixture 3 of Fe and Fe bonds.

By activating / deactivating one of the respective first and / or second mixture components 3.1 . 3.2 attributable segment 7.1 ... 7n from a range of segments 7n is at the electro-magnetic separator 7 at least one Segment controlled.

For the purposes of the invention can to the separator 7 from a flow of mixture shares 3.1 . 3.2 Overflow arranged magnetic drum with integrated switchable on and off electromagnets as segments 7.1 ... 7n consist.

• – einerseits das Festhalten und Fördern zu der separaten Abwurfposition des Gemischanteils 3.1 und
• – andererseits die Ablenkung in einer Wurfparabel 9 relativ zu den unbeeinflussten Gemischanteilen 3.2 bewirkt wird.

The method is so expandable that by the action of the magnetic field of the activated segments 7.1 . 7.2 on the mixture components to be separated 3.1 . 3.2

• - On the one hand, the holding and conveying to the separate discharge position of the mixture content 3.1 and
• - On the other hand, the distraction in a parabola 9 relative to the unaffected mixture proportions 3.2 is effected.

specially for the Separation of composite parts, such as Cu and / or Fe composites, too originating from, in particular, comminuted electric motors with their rotors as said composites, composite bushings and Fe composites a Cu content and other non-metallic fractions, e.g. from crushed Car tires come, the inventive method is applicable.

This is done by separating the composite parts and pure magnetic parts 3 by means of magnetic levitation 2 and removal of these magnetic components 3 to the conveyor 5 realized. In this case, by optical, e-magnetic means or X-ray the respective position of individual composite parts as the first mixture content 3.1 between the other parts as a second mixture content 3.2 by means of suitable, not shown sensors in the detection device 6 on the conveyor 5 recognized. Then, a detection pulse becomes a controlled activation of at least one of a plurality of segments 7.1 ... 7n in the direction of the flow rate of the mixture components 3.1 . 3.2 arranged separation device 7 initiated and the separation effected. Thus, the pure Fe parts as the first mixture content 3.1 be separated.

In general, it is possible to achieve a concentration of the material mixture by connecting a magnetic drum that is adjustable with respect to the magnetic field and arranged overflowing the delivery flow 1 to reach the Cu-Fe composites.

1

material mixture

2

Magnetic separation, magnetic levitation

3

aufkonzentriertes Mixture of Fe, Fe, non-magnetic

ingredients and possibly Fe-containing carry-over

3.1

first Mixture fractions of Fe

3.2

second Mixtures of non-magnetic components or

uninfluenceable ingredients

4

nonmagnetic ingredients

5

Conveyor

6

recognizer

7

electro-magnetic Separator or magnetic drum

7.1 ... 7n

partial activatable / deactivatable segments

8th

ejection position

9

bombtrajectory

Claims (16)

Process for separating metal fractions or parts from mixtures of materials ( 1 ), such as from the old-tire crushing or the shredding of car wrecks containing various metals in different configurations, composites and compounds, such as composites of Cu and Fe or rubber and Fe, to produce a pure, usable Fe metal fraction or not containing Fe, the material mixtures ( 1 ) contain magnetizable metals which can be distinguished according to specific characteristics such as shape, color, alloy constituents, conductivity, magnetizability, etc., by means of conveying, magnetic separation, recognition and separation devices integrated in the process sequence, characterized by the detection and fixing of a point in time, to which the material / metal part to be separated with first and second mixture fractions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) in the effective range of an electromagnetic separation device ( 7 ) and acting on a partially connectable and / or disconnectable magnetic field and conveying the Fe parts of the first mixture fractions ( 3.1 ) to a separate discharge position ( 8th ). A method according to claim 2, characterized by the production of a singulation in the sense of a single-grained layer of a concentrated mixture ( 3 ) and conveying it to a recognition device ( 6 ) for the purpose of determining "sorting / non-sorting" of material / metal parts of the first and / or second mixture fractions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a magnetic separation ( 2 ) for producing the concentrated mixture ( 3 ) of Fe, Fe bonds, and a mixture ( 4 ) from non-magnetic constituents and possibly Fe-containing carryover from the discontinued material mixture ( 1 ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized by the activation / deactivation of the respective part of the mixture proportions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) assignable segment ( 7.1 ... 7n ) of a range of segments ( 7n ) and at least individually controllable electro-magnetic separation device ( 7 ). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by the use of a flow rate of the mixture fractions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) arranged overflow magnetic drum as a separating device ( 7 ) with integrated electromagnets which can be switched on and off as segments ( 7.1 ... 7n ). Method according to one of Claims 1 to 54, characterized by the action of the magnetic field of the activated segment ( 7.1 ... 7n ) to the part to be separated from the mixture components ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) with its - holding and conveying as Fe-part to the separate discharge position ( 8th ) and / or - distraction in a parabola ( 9 ) relative to the non-magnetic or non-influenced mixture proportions ( 3.2 ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the separation of composite parts, such as Cu and / or Fe composites, also originating from particular crushed electric motors with their rotors as still existing composites, composite bushings and Fe Composites with a Cu content and other non-metallic constituents, such as derived from comminuted car tires, by separating the composite parts and pure magnetic components ( 3 ) by means of magnetic levitation ( 2 ) and removal of these magnetic components ( 3 ) to the conveyor ( 5 ) and (optical, e-magnetic or X-ray) recognition of individual composite parts as first mixture fractions ( 3.2 ) and pure Fe parts ( 3.1 ) and these are transferred to other facilities. Method according to claim 7, characterized by pre-connection an adjustable with respect to the magnetic field, overflowing Magnetic drum for concentration of the material mixture on the Cu-Fe composites. Device for carrying out the method, comprising conveying, magnetic separation, recognition and / or separating devices, characterized by a) means for detecting and fixing a point in time to the material / metal parts to be separated from first and second mixture fractions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) in the area of action of a separating device ( 7 ), b) means for acting on a partially connectable and / or disconnectable magnetic field of the separation device ( 7 ) and c) a conveyor ( 5 ) for promoting the mixture components ( 3.1 . 3.2 ). Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized by a means for producing a singling to a single-grained layer of a concentrated mixture ( 3 ), b) the conveyor ( 5 ) and c) a recognition device ( 6 ) for identifying the specific characteristics and deciding "sorting / non-sorting" of parts of the first and / or second mixture components ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized by a device for magnetic separation ( 2 ) to produce the concentrated mixture. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the separating device ( 7 ) a range of activatable / deactivatable segments ( 7.1 ... 7n ), which are at least individually controllable. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the separating device ( 7 ) as a magnetic drum with integrated switchable on and off electromagnets as segments ( 7.1 ... 7n ) and the flow rate of the mixture fractions ( 3.1 . 3.2 ) is arranged overflowing. Device according to one of Claims 9 to 13, characterized by means for receiving the first mixture fractions ( 3.1 ) from a discharge position ( 8th ) and / or parabola ( 9 ) and means for receiving the second mixture components ( 3.2 ) from another parabola. Device according to claim 11 or 14, characterized in that the magnetic separation ( 2 ) is formed by a magnetic drum which can be adjusted with respect to the magnetic field and which is above the material mixture ( 1 ) is continuously arranged for concentration on Cu-Fe composites. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that magnetic separation ( 2 ) and separating device ( 7 ) are combined in one device.