DE102005044320B4 - Charge with a substantially cylindrical explosive device - Google Patents

Abstract

A charge comprising at least one substantially cylindrical explosive device (2, 21, 22, 23), at least one cavity (4; 41, 42, 43) extending substantially along its entire length, and an ignition assembly (5, 15) at one of its ends for forming a detonation wave (9) running to the opposite end while simultaneously compressing the gas contained in the cavity (4; 41, 42, 43) to a gas jet accelerated in the same direction, the explosive of the explosive device (2; 21, 22, 23 ) surrounds at least one tubular insert (1; 11, 12, 13) of a ductile material bounding the cavity (4; 41, 42, 43) and the insert (1; 11, 12, 13) when the detonation wave (9 ) to a in the same direction accelerated, bolt-shaped active body (1 a) is deformable, characterized in that the tubular insert (1; 11, 12, 13) has perforations.

Description

The The invention relates to a charge having at least one substantially cylindrical explosive arrangement, at least one substantially over the whole length extending cavity and a firing assembly at its one end for forming a detonation wave running to the opposite end with simultaneous compression of the gas contained in the cavity to a gas jet accelerated in the same direction.

In charges of the aforementioned type, the explosive energy is converted into a directed active energy. According to this mode of action, for example, so-called shaped charges (Shaped Charges), which have found various uses in defense technology and civilian areas, as well as projectile-forming charges (Explosive Formed Projectiles, EFP). In both cases, a few millimeters thick metal insert ("liner") is arranged in the main direction of action of the mostly cylindrical explosive device. In shaped charges, for which only exemplifies the US 3,025,794 A is mentioned, the metal insert is cone-shaped and facing with its tip of the igniter assembly. Upon detonation of the explosive, which is introduced from the side facing away from the cavity of the metal insert, a narrowly bundled gas or plasma / particle jet ("jet") is produced with peak velocities of 7000 to 10,000 m / s and high penetration force (penetration power) , Depending on the geometry and material of the insert also produces a more or less pronounced metal body, such as a kind of projectile, which lags the jet at a slower speed and provides a portion of the penetration performance.

Furthermore, shaped charges in prismatic form are known (US Pat. US Pat. No. 4,498,367 ), which produce a blade-like acting broad jet.

For EFP charges, the insert is disc-shaped, usually dome-shaped ( US Pat. No. 4,590,861 A . US 4 714 019 A . US 5 033 387 A . DE 33 17 352 A1 ), the apex of the igniter assembly facing. By inhomogeneities in the geometry or the material composition, the projectile formation, the projectile shape and the flight stability are optimized or adapted to the purpose. Furthermore, it is known ( US 5 792 980 A ) to provide two inserts with interposed insulation layer to form two projectiles in sequence, one of which lags behind the other to achieve a gradual breakdown effect. In all known EFP systems, a large part of the explosive energy is consumed by the forming process of the insert, so that the projectile speed is only 1,000 to 2,000 m / s.

Either Hollow charges as well as EFP charges require high explosives Detonation speed, on the one hand, the necessary decomposition or forming energy to the Me taleininlage apply, on the other hand the resulting parts on one for the breakdown power to accelerate sufficient speed. Explosives with the Here required properties are expensive and subject Safety requirements for storage, transport and handling.

Next the described shaped charges and projectile-forming charges are there are investigations into the detonation behavior of explosive charges with axial cylindrical cavities. (H. Ahrens "Detonation Phenomena in a Tubular Charge of Explosive "DE Magazine" Explosives "Issue 5 (1965) 124-134 and Issue 6 (1965) 141-155; Kirsch et al. "The Detonation Velocity of Axially Cavitated Cylinders of Cast DINA "CA Magazine" Canadian Journal of Research "26, Sec. B. No.5 (1948) 435-440; C.H. Johansson et al. "channel Effect "GB Magazine" Detonics of High Explosives ", Academic Press, London & New York (1970) 68-75). Of charges of this kind, the invention according to the preamble of the claim 1 off. They have a cylindrical explosive device, which has an axial cavity in the form of a channel. The explosive device Can be insulated on the circumference or non-contained be. The essentially flat detonation front of the explosive compresses the gas present in the cavity, usually air, and accelerates this in the direction of the detonation wave to a tightly bundled Gas jet.

• – Ladungen mit axialen Hohlräumen setzen sich mit einer höheren Detonationsgeschwindigkeit um als kompakte Ladungen aus dem gleichen Sprengstoff. Dieser Effekt ist besonders bei Sprengstoffen mit hoher Empfindlichkeit ausgeprägt.
• – Bei der Detonation von Ladungen mit Hohlkanälen treten aus dem axialen Hohlraum in Detonationsrichtung Leuchterscheinungen mit Geschwindigkeiten von bis zu 12 km/s aus, obwohl der Sprengstoff nur mit einer Geschwindigkeit von z. B. 7.700 m/s detoniert.
• – Ladungen mit axialen Hohlräumen üben auf ihre jeweilige Unterlage eine erhöhte Stanzwirkung aus. Die Stanzwirkung ist abhängig von der Ladungslänge und dem Verhältnis Innendurchmesser/Außendurchmesser.

Essentially three effects are observed on these charges, which are referred to as a so-called "channel effect":

• - Loads with axial cavities to act at a higher detonation rate than compact charges of the same explosive. This effect is particularly pronounced for explosives with high sensitivity.
• - In the detonation of charges with hollow channels emerge from the axial cavity in the direction of detonation luminosity at speeds of up to 12 km / s, although the explosive only at a speed of z. B. 7,700 m / s detonated.
• - Loads with axial cavities exert on their respective base an increased punching action. The punching effect depends on the charge length and the ratio of inside diameter / outside diameter.

The aforementioned "channel effect" is used for simple explosive charges and shaped charges ( US 5 271 332 A . US 4 291 624 A ) by axially symmetrical holes in the explosive used. The compressed and accelerated with respect to the detonation wave gas volume should lead to a compression of the surrounding explosive and thus to increase the detonation pressure. The goal in all cases is to increase the detonation speed or to adapt the contour of the detonation front to other geometrical conditions or to optimize this contour. Cargoes with tubular insert show the pamphlets US 4,665,826 and DE 103 32 257 A1 ,

Of the Invention is based on the object, a charge with "channel effect" of the beginning mentioned in their effectiveness, in particular in terms of Improve breakdown performance.

These Task is according to the invention in a generic charge thereby solved, that the Explosive of the explosive device a cavity limiting, tubular perforated insert of a ductile material surrounds and the set A upon exposure of the detonation wave to one in the same direction accelerated, bolt-shaped body transformable is.

The charge according to the invention comprises consequently at least one explosive device, the ignition device and at least one tubular perforate provided in the explosive device Insert, which at the same time the cavity relative to the explosive device demarcates. The insert preferably consists of a detonatively deformable Metal, a metal composite or a sufficiently ductile metal-free Material or combinations of the aforementioned materials. The ignitor which, for example, a detonator and optionally one additional thin Explosive layer consists is designed so that they are largely flat Detonation front generated, which is approximately perpendicular to the extension direction the cargo spreads. The detonation front deforms the tubular insert essentially in the radial direction inwards, at the same time the medium in the feed, primarily gas and especially air, compressed and the known from the prior art "channel effect" achieved is, d. H. the compressed gas at high speed in the direction the current detonation front is accelerated. At the same time the tubular insert successively transformed into a bolt-like active body, which also delayed in time accelerated in the direction of the detonation front and as a bolt-shaped projectile becomes effective at the destination.

practical Investigations have shown that the area performance at impact is much larger as with conventional Charges with "channel effect", however in the charge according to the invention at the same time promotes the breakdown. In order to is it possible in particular across from all conventional Directed charge explosives of lower detonation velocity and for example, usual use commercial explosives, which reduces costs become. In addition, the laboratory of such charges is unproblematic. equally is the production of such charges with slowly detonating commercial Explosives under simpler and possibly even under emergency conditions possible. When Examples include ANFO explosives made of ammonium nitrate and mineral oil.

The Charge can also be formed and used with a relatively large length be, with the breakdown power increases with the charge length. she is in particular far less dependent on the diameter (caliber) the charge, so that at corresponding length also small-caliber designs possible are without the Breakdown power decreases too much. This is in contrast to the Experience with shaped charges and EFP charges, in which a Increase in breakdown power is only possible by increasing the caliber. With increasing caliber of these charge systems increases the demand for explosives and thus the total mass disproportionately with the caliber.

Also the effective distance is variable within wide ranges, d. H. the Charge can be placed directly on the object or from a greater distance be directed to the object. Also comes with loads of great length due to the simple educational mechanism, it does not lead to a projectile break, as observed with long EFPs.

at the charge according to the invention can the explosive device on the outside of a simple Cover, especially with low insulation effect, be surrounded, which only fulfills the function, the explosive device against external influences too protect and their transportability and storability sure.

alternative or additionally The charge can also be surrounded by a shattering shell which, for example, of a metal, in particular a to fracture prone metal exists. In this way, besides the projectile formation still a fragmentation effect can be generated.

The tubular insert may be open at both ends of the load and in particular terminate flush with the explosive device at the end opposite the igniter assembly. Even if the detonation front introduces the deformation of the tubular insert only a short distance from the open end, this is largely without influence on the further projectile formation and its acceleration. The undeformed pipes de can contribute to stabilization if the projectile has a longer flight path. Optionally, this rear end of the tubular insert may also be equipped from the outset with a flight-stabilizing geometry.

is the tubular one Use, as is basically possible is, with his the ignition arrangement facing End spaced apart from this, d. H. is situated between this open end and the igniter assembly Explosives, is only to make sure that the explosives are not in the tubular Insert penetrates, which largely when using solid explosives guaranteed is, however, with powdery, viscous or liquid explosives appropriate one Closure required. This can be a simple disc of an almost arbitrary Material, if necessary, also from a solid explosive act.

Of the tubular Insert can be cylindrical or slightly conical, wherein the jacket of the explosive material arrangement and the tubular insert do not necessarily have to be parallel-walled. The tubular insert, which is preferably made of a metal or a metal alloy can also be made of metal / non-metal or non-metallic Materials, as far as they are under the dynamic influence of the detonating Explosives have a sufficiently ductile behavior. Also can over the length and / or be positioned the cross section different materials. Further the insert can be rotationally symmetrical or polygonal Cross section and outside smooth or profiled surfaces have.

Of the tubular Use mostly perforations on which to progress during the Detonation an intense interaction arising in the tubular insert faster propagating shockwave with the surrounding use, allow not yet detonating explosives. The explosives immigrant shockwave leads there to a compression, which is known to increase the detonation velocity leads. In the subsequent Compression phase of the tubular Enable use the perforations are the influx of detonation into the still undeformed area of the mission, so that there the gas pressure and the amount of gas and thus the breakdown power the entire arrangement can be increased.

When Explosives are especially those with detonation rates in the range of 2,000 m / s in question, but the charge is equally functional and more effective when explosives with high to highest detonation speeds from 9,500 to 10,000 m / s. In any case, it is recommended it is, an explosive high detonation velocity in the range the ignition arrangement over the to provide the entire cross-section of the charge around a flat detonation front to ensure.

According to one another embodiment inside the tubular Use an approximately centrally extending, cord-like summons be arranged, which is primarily for increasing the amount of gas in the cavity and leads to precompression of the gas.

These Subpoena can be an explosive of higher detonation speed as the explosive arrangement, so that charge and summons simultaneously ignited can be. Instead, you can the summons and the explosive device are fired one after the other. this makes possible the use of simpler explosives for the summons, which if necessary also purpose-oriented, d. H. with a view to the greatest possible gas generation, selected become.

The Invention allows because of its simple and insensitive construction also the combination to tandem or multiple loads, side by side and / or axially arranged one behind the other.

While, how mentioned above, in principle several, positioned in parallel in one and the same explosive device tubular Calls may be provided to form a plurality of projectiles is according to a preferred embodiment provided that at a combination of two or more charges arranged one behind the other the respective explosive assemblies from the igniter assembly to the free end an increasing outside diameter and their tubular ones Calls have an increasing inner diameter to the passage of the projectile generated by the respective preceding charge enable, so that out Such a multiple charge next to a high-energy gas jet several, immediately consecutive projectiles are generated.

alternative or additionally can be between the igniter assembly and the first charge of a multiple charge of several, one behind the other also arranged charges a particle beam or a projectile forming charge conventional Kind, z. B. a shaped charge or an EFP charge, be arranged so that on Place of impact different active media or active body immediately act in succession.

The simple geometry of erfindungsge It is also possible to use them as part of a projectile and to initiate their ignition arrangement shortly before reaching or at the target, thereby increasing the active power. The arrangement on the floor is preferably provided such that the tubular insert can serve as an air guide for flight stabilization of the projectile. Furthermore, the charge according to the invention can be designed in conjunction with a projectile such that the tubular insert receives the propellant charge of the projectile or a part thereof, so that a high energy density can be accommodated with a small construction.

charges of the inventive design can in the defense technology for target combat (Tanks, bunkers etc.) are used, in which a high penetration power is required. Furthermore, it is for directional effect and elimination of land and sea mines, unexploded ordnance, Fund munitions and terrorist explosive and fire devices suitable. You can Even as refueling refueling with directed and Distance bridging Effect (projectile) are used. In the civilian area, z. B. in rescue, can they used for the rapid procurement of access to buildings or the like become.

below the invention with reference to embodiments with reference closer to the drawings explained. Showing:

1 a first embodiment of a load according to the invention in longitudinal section;

2 a cross section II-II of the charge according to 1 ;

3 a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of a charge according to the invention;

4 a schematic representation of the formation process of the gas jet and the projectile from a charge according to 1 to 3 ;

5 a schematic representation of a multiple charge with a plurality of successively arranged charges according to a first embodiment; and

6 a schematic representation of a multiple charge with a plurality of successively arranged charges according to a second embodiment.

The in the 1 to 3 shown charge of circular cylindrical shape consists of a tubular insert 1 , an explosive device surrounding the insert 2 and - in the concrete embodiment - from an explosive device 2 surrounding shell 3 with or without insulation effect. The tubular insert 1 is in the embodiment according to 1 open on both sides. He limits a cylindrical cavity 4 in the form of a channel and at the same time forms the geometric separation of the explosive device 2 , At one end of the charge is an igniter assembly 5 provided, which, for example, a detonator 6 and a high-energy explosive layer 7 which after ignition for a substantially planar detonation front 9 (see in particular 4 ) to care. In 2 the same charge is shown again in cross section.

In the embodiment according to 3 ends the tubular insert 1 at a distance in front of the ignition arrangement 5 , which is arranged at a conically shaped end of the charge. She can turn a detonator 6 and a thin conical explosive layer in this case 7 high detonation velocity. When using non-solid explosives in the explosive device 2 this is the igniter assembly 5 facing end of the tubular insert 1 convenient with a disc 8th or the like closed to the penetration of explosives into the interior 4 of the insert 1 to prevent. The disc 7 must have only a very low insulation effect and can in turn consist of a solid explosive.

In 4 is the formation mechanism of a projectile at a cargo in the execution according to 1 or 3 indicated schematically. After igniting the explosive device 2 becomes the tubular insert 1 by the substantially linear detonation front 9 from his the firing arrangement 5 near end inside to a substantially massive bolt 1a reshaped. At the same time that is in the cavity 4 contained gas due to the "channel effect" and assisted by the reshaping of the tubular insert 1 compressed and in the direction of the arrow 10 accelerated so that the gas jet leaves the charge before the explosive is fully implemented. With progression of the detonation front 9 (in 4 to the right) becomes the insert 1 in its entire axial length to a long bolt-shaped projectile 1a transformed, which finally lags the gas jet at final training.

Cargoes of the 1 illustrated basic structure can be combined into multiple charges, where in 5 Such a multiple charge with three successively arranged charges A, B, C is reproduced. The ignition arrangement 5 again includes a detonator 6 and an initial explosive 7 , The multiple charges A, B, C arranged axially one behind the other are each of an explosive arrangement 21 . 22 . 23 as well as a tubular insert 11 . 12 . 13 and one of the sem limited cavity 41 . 42 . 43 educated. The inner diameter of the tubular inserts 11 . 12 . 13 take from the igniter assembly 5 starting gradually. Likewise, the outer diameter of the explosive arrangements 21 . 22 . 23 have an increasing outer diameter. After ignition, the charge A is first initiated and becomes the tubular insert 11 from the (left) end with simultaneous compression of the gas in the cavity 41 reshaped. This process continues gradually in the charges B and C, the gas jet and the bolt-shaped profile ( 4 ) of the respective preceding charge A or B, the following charges B and C, respectively, before they in turn come into effect.

A similar arrangement shows 6 with two axially successively arranged charges A, B of the type according to the invention and a superior initial charge 16 with ignition arrangement 15 , The initial charge 16 is formed in this case as a shaped charge and has in addition to an explosive device 17 a cone-shaped insert 18 ("Liner"). After ignition, by means of the explosive device 17 from the liner 18 a particle jet ("jet") with a relatively small projectile that creates the cavities 41 . 42 The charges A, B passes before the explosives arrangements 21 . 22 the charges A, B are activated and in turn the tubular inserts 11 . 12 transform one after another.

1

Tubular insert

1a

bolt

2

explosives arrangement

3

shell

4

cavity

5

ignitor

6

Detonator

7

Explosive layer; initiating explosive

8th

disc

9

detonation front

10

arrow

A, B, C

charges

11 12, 13

Tubular insert

21 22, 23

explosives arrangement

41 42, 43

cavity

15

ignitor

16

initial charge

17

explosives arrangement

18

liner

Claims (22)

Charge with at least one substantially cylindrical explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ), at least one substantially over its entire length extending cavity ( 4 ; 41 . 42 . 43 ) and an ignition assembly ( 5 ; 15 ) at one of its ends to form a detonation wave running to the opposite end (US Pat. 9 ) with simultaneous compaction of the in the cavity ( 4 ; 41 . 42 . 43 ) gas to an accelerated in the same direction gas jet, the explosive of the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) at least one cavity ( 4 ; 41 . 42 . 43 ) limiting, tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) of a ductile material and the insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) upon action of the detonation wave ( 9 ) to an accelerated in the same direction, bolt-shaped active body ( 1a ) is deformable, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) Has perforations. A charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) on the outside of a protective cover ( 3 ), in particular with low insulation effect, is surrounded. A charge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) from a shatter-forming envelope ( 3 ) is surrounded. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) is open at both ends. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) at the ignition assembly ( 5 ; 15 ) opposite end approximately flush with the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) completes. Load according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) with its ignition arrangement ( 5 ; 15 ) facing end is arranged at a distance from this. A cargo according to claim 6, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) when using non-solid explosives at its the Zündanordnung ( 5 ; 15 ) facing the end is closed. Load according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) and the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) have an approximately equal length. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ignition arrangement ( 5 ; 15 ) for generating a planar, perpendicular to the direction of extension of the charge detonation front ( 9 ) is trained. A cargo according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the explosive device is tion ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) has a low detonation rate explosive. A charge according to claim 10, characterized in that the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) consists of a commercial explosive. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the ignition arrangement ( 5 ; 15 ) one over the cross section of the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) extending thin layer ( 7 ) of an explosive having a high detonation velocity. Charge according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that inside the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) an approximately centrally extending, cord-like precharge for increasing the amount of gas in the cavity ( 4 ; 41 . 42 . 43 ) is arranged. A charge according to claim 13, characterized in that the precharge comprises an explosive having a higher detonation velocity than the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) having. A charge according to claim 13, characterized in that the ignition timing of the precharge prior to the ignition timing of the explosive device ( 2 ; 21 . 22 . 23 ) lies. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized that she is combined with charges of the same type to multiple loads. A charge according to claim 16, characterized in that in the case of a combination of two or more charges (A, B, C) arranged one behind the other to form multiple charges, the explosive arrangements ( 21 . 22 . 23 ) of the ignition assembly ( 5 ; 15 ) to the free end an increasing outer diameter and its tubular inserts ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) an increasing inner diameter for free passage of the projectile produced by the respective preceding charge (A, B) ( 1a ) exhibit. A charge according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that between the ignition arrangement ( 5 ; 15 ) and the first charge (A) of a multiple charge a charge forming a particle beam or a projectile ( 17 . 18 ) is arranged. A charge according to claim 18, characterized in that the charge forming a particle beam or a projectile ( 17 . 18 ) in the form of a shaped charge or an EFP charge (Explosive Formed Projectile) is formed. Charge according to one of Claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is part of a projectile and its ignition arrangement ( 5 ; 15 ) can be initiated before reaching the destination. Charge according to claim 20, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) serves as an air guide for flight stabilization of the projectile. A charge according to claim 21, characterized in that the tubular insert ( 1 ; 11 . 12 . 13 ) receives the propellant charge of the projectile or a part of it.