DE102005032888A1 - Bearing ring of wheel bearing of vehicle, comprises securing ring accommodated in complementary groove - Google Patents

Abstract

The bearing ring (1) of the wheel bearing (2) is assembled of an outer ring, two inner rings (5,6), two rows of friction elements (7) and a wheel flange (8). The friction elements (7) are guided in cages (11). A border (13) at the flange (8) prevents the unit from an axial motion except under specific conditions such as an unusual increase of the temperature. A securing ring (14) accommodated in a groove (15) at the outer surface of the bearing ring (1) prevents the unit from rotating.

Description

Territory of invention

The The invention relates to a backup of at least one bearing ring a surrounding construction by means of at least one retaining ring, wherein the circlip in a radial to the axis of rotation of the bearing ring spaced circumferential groove engages.

background the invention

roller bearing often sit with a press fit in housings or on a shaft. This interference fit can loosen during operation. If e.g. the housing off Alloy is, the interference fit loosens during operation, for example at rising temperatures, as the material of the case out Alloy another coefficient of thermal expansion has as the material steel of the bearing ring. The originally firm seated bearing ring tends by the easing of the interference fit to Hiking in the axial direction and or for hiking in the circumferential direction the axis of rotation. Typical examples of applications in which the Bearing seat endangered are the seats of wheel bearing units in wheel modules or wheel carriers of Vehicles. The seats of the bearing rings of the wheel bearings made of steel in supports of aluminum-magnesium alloys or from other light metal alloys tend when driving forward and temperature increase to loosen up.

Circlips prevent excessive axial migration of the bearing rings. In wheel modules of vehicles, the outer rings are usually secured in the wheel carrier by means of a circlip. Such a measure is in DE 26 03 685 A1 described. A shaft and an inner ring / inner ring pair or a housing and an outer ring / outer ring pair have radial circumferential grooves. The circumferential grooves lie radially opposite each other and correspond to one another in such a way that a securing ring engages in them. The respective bearing ring or the pair of bearing rings is axially secured either on the housing or on the shaft in the axial direction. First, thus the excessive axial travel of the bearing ring is prevented, however, further limited axial relative movements of the bearing ring in the housing or on the seat are not excluded. The circlip moves in the corresponding circumferential groove within axial play between the groove and the circlip relative to the bearing ring. Such movements cause, for example, in the bearing seats of wheel bearing arrangements disturbing pops.

The axial securing of the bearing ring with the circlip described above does not prevent the ring from moving circumferentially around the ring Axis of rotation. Axial and circumferential hiking of the bearing ring in the loose seat can be prevented for example by a flange on the bearing ring be, with the bearing ring on the housing in the circumferential direction and axially fixed. pops and wear in the However, the measure does not completely prevent the seat from becoming loose.

Summary the invention

The The object of the invention is therefore to provide a backup for the seat at least one bearing ring or for the seat of two frontal paired bearing rings to create, with the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided.

The The object is solved according to the features of claim 1 and dependent claims.

The inventive fuse the seat of at least one but alternatively also of two bearing rings is solved by means of at least one or more retaining rings.

Under Surrounding construction of the bearing ring are housings, housing bores or the like in engineering and vehicle applications, in / at which the bearing ring as outer ring is secured. Alternatively, the surrounding construction sees a wave, a stub shaft and the like on which the bearing ring is located as an inner ring.

One the elements of the seat has a circumferential groove into which the retaining ring intervenes. It is conceivable that the housing in which the outer ring sits, or the inner ring, which sits on the shaft, with the circumferential groove is provided. In this case, the retaining ring is springing outwards snapped into the circumferential groove. It is also conceivable that the circumferential groove in an outer ring or is introduced into a shaft seat of the inner ring. By doing Case is the circlip springed inwards into the circumferential groove.

The securing ring is thus initially held on one of the elements in the circumferential groove in both longitudinal directions of the axis of rotation of the bearing and thus in both axial directions. After assembly, the circlip between the bearing ring and the surrounding structure is braced so that the circlip supported in the circumferential groove rests frictionally inside in the groove at the bottom of the groove. Radially outward, the locking ring is either also in frictional engagement and / or in positive engagement with egg an element of the surrounding construction.

If formed the circumferential groove in an element of the surrounding structure is, the locking ring is at least frictionally engaged with the surrounding structure and supports continue on either the outer ring or on the inner ring.

The Circumferential groove is preferably on a bearing ring, either on one Inner ring or preferably on an outer ring formed. If the circumferential groove is formed in the inner ring, is the locking ring friction or positive fit prestressed at a portion of the shaft shoulder on which the Inner ring sits. When the circlip in a circumferential groove on outer ring sits, the locking ring outside the circumferential groove against the housing biased and is there form-fitting and / or frictionally engaged the inner circumferential surface the housing bore at. Also conceivable are combinations of the aforementioned variants.

The radial circumferential groove is complete in one of the bearing rings or in an element of the surrounding structure brought in. Alternatively, the circumferential groove is formed by two recesses formed, each of which worked out on the edge of a bearing ring is. If the bearing rings face each other at the end, they complement each other the recesses to a common circumferential groove.

Of the Circlip is either between two or more opposite each other surfaces trapped.

Of the Circlip is mainly radially between the bearing ring and clamped the machine element. The securing of the bearing ring on the Ma chine element is thus at least initially by the positive engagement in the circumferential groove, then by frictional engagement in the circumferential groove on the one side of the retaining ring and by the shape and / or frictional engagement realized to the other side.

 Of the axial and circumferential friction of the retaining ring is through friction secured, the friction of the friction partners in frictional contact and from the normal forces (Radial forces) are dependent, with which the circlip is clamped.

The Friction partners in frictional contact are the circlip and either the counteracting surface (s) the surrounding structure or the counteracting surface (s) in the circumferential groove the corresponding bearing ring.

Of the Coefficient of friction depends on various factors, such as the choice of materials and of the quality the surfaces in frictional contact, depending and is also through the selection of suitable materials and coatings of the retaining ring influenced. For example, it is conceivable the circlip or counter-surface with a friction lining too Mistake.

The surface the locking ring in positive engagement is according to an embodiment of the invention, alternatively, together with other measures for a frictional connection, by Fine ribs and knurls or similar structured. This measure can also be at another or at both of the friction partners / form-locking partners be realized. Condition is that the partner with the fine ribs or knurling the partner from the harder Material is. When used in wheel modules is the circlip made of steel, with knurled edges is "clawing" in the softer material of the light metal alloy of the carrier Designs both the coefficient of friction can be influenced, as well with a suitable choice of partners a form-fit / form-adhesion by clawing / meshing one partner into the other getting produced.

By the clamping action is the bearing ring in both axial directions as also in the circumferential direction about the axis of rotation of the bearing to the surrounding construction secured. The initially mentioned disadvantages of the state> the Technology are thus eliminated by the invention.

The Clamping effect acts together with the seat of the retaining ring in the circumferential groove. The circlip has terminals suitable for clamping Geometries on. The designs of the circumferential groove, in particular the of the groove base correspond to those of the locking ring. Conceivable is the use of radially biased retaining rings made of spring steel or from shape memory alloys.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides for the use of wedge-shaped locking rings in front. Such designed retaining rings have at least one ramp shaped Effective area, each corresponding to a corresponding counteracting surface so that wedging the elements together. The results of the wedge effect radially acting force components are the forces with which the circlip clamped radially between the bearing ring and the surrounding structure is.

The ramps along the axis of rotation extending generatrices of the spline are formed to secure in the axial direction along with the axis of rotation aligned generatrices, which are inclined to the axis of rotation. The generatrices are curved in the direction of the axis of rotation or run straight. As a whole, the generatrices form either the partial surface or the entire surface of an outer or inner cone which correspond to one or more ramp-like active surfaces of the wedge-shaped retaining ring.

The size of the wedge angle of the retaining ring is set so that the friction joint remains in the self-locking area. The wedge angle is chosen small enough so that it does not cancel the frictional engagement required for self-locking. The value of the cone angle / wedge angle / cone angle α is smaller in the case of self-locking, than the value of the critical angle at which a balance of self-locking of the inner and outer surface is canceled together and the surfaces begin to move under sliding friction against each other. Alternatively or simultaneously corresponds in the case of self-locking the value of the tangent of the cone angle / wedge angle / cone angle (α) at most the value of Gleitreibzahl μ ₀ , wherein the value of Gleitreibzahl μ ₀ characterizes the friction conditions in which a balance of self-locking of the inner and Outside surface is abolished each other and in which the surfaces begin, rubbing against each other, to slide against each other. In the area of self-locking, the surfaces, for example an inner cone surface, adhere to the surface in the housing and an outer cone surface on the outer ring, thus, due to the friction conditions and the wedge effect, move against each other.

The Generic lines of the area in the groove bottom are in accordance with a further embodiment not as usual parallel to the axis of rotation aligned, but inclined to this. It is conceivable, for example, that the area in the groove base by one or more outer circumferential surfaces of a truncated cone described is. The opposite palm the circlip is corresponding in this case by one or more lateral surface sections an inner cone described.

The Effect of one-sided in the longitudinal direction of the Rotation axis oriented profiles is reinforced in the circumferential direction when the circlip or another circlip radially inside at least two, but preferably more directed to the axis of rotation and circumferentially adjacent to each other blocking surfaces. The radial Distance between the respective blocking surfaces and the axis of rotation increases in a circumferential direction and in the opposite circumferential direction from. In each case at least one of the blocking surfaces meets at least temporarily on at least one corresponding counter surface on the outer ring. The radial distance of the respective mating surface changes synchronously with the radial distance of the corresponding blocking surface. As a result, the retaining ring and the element with the circumferential groove also in the circumferential direction with each other wedged.

With the fuse is the seat of the bearing ring either permanently or temporarily secured. So it is conceivable that the circlip immediately wedged during installation of the bearing in the surrounding construction becomes. However, the invention is preferably provided for arrangements, in those to be secured bearing ring first with a press fit the environment is fixed and only temporarily, i. during operation of the Storage relaxes. Does it come in this case after loosening the seat for hiking the bearing ring, in particular for hiking the outer ring in the Casing, Takes / Twists Nutgrund relative to the moves on one side over held the form-locking circlip until this on the ramp runs into the groove bottom and so between the case and the outer ring wedged.

The Circlips and the counter profiles of the fuse are preferred non-cutting by forming, such as embossing or dragging.

description the drawings

The The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments.

1 shows the fuse at least one bearing ring 1 a wheel bearing 2 on a surrounding construction 3 in the form of a wheel carrier only partially shown 4 , The arrangement is in one with the axis of rotation 2a same longitudinal section through the wheel bearing assembly shown.

The wheel bearing 2 has a bearing ring 1 in the form of an outer ring, two inner rings 5 and 6 , two rows of rolling elements 7 and a wheel flange 8th on. The wheel bearing 2 with the double row angular contact ball bearing is by means of a hub 9 of the wheel flange 8th over a board 10 preloaded without backlash. The rows of rolling elements 7 are by means of cages 11 guided. The wheel bearing 2 is sealed on both sides. The outer ring 1 sits in a housing bore 12 and is in an axial direction on a radial board 13 axially supported.

The bearing ring 1 sits in normal operation with a press fit in the surrounding construction 3 , When operating the wheel bearing 2 and temperature increases, it may be that the interference fit of the bearing ring 1 will be annulled. The bearing ring 1 then inclines together with the wheel bearing 2 in addition to that with the directional arrow 16 characterized axial direction to wander.

That is why the bearing ring 1 by means of a retaining ring 14 additionally secured in the wheel carrier.

The circlip 14 is in 2 enlarged and not shown to scale. 2 also shows the exaggerated scale representation of detail Z 1 in an operating situation in which the interference fit between the surrounding construction 3 and the bearing ring 1 is canceled. The circlip 14 is slotted once circumferentially and engages in a radial axis of rotation 2a of the bearing ring 1 spaced circumferential groove 15 one. The groove bottom 17 the circumferential groove 15 has a ramp 18 on. The ramp 18 is through the outer surface 19 a truncated cone described their axially aligned generatrices 19a are inclined to the axis of rotation by half the cone angle β.

The circlip 14 is a once slotted clamping ring, which radially into the circumferential groove 15 is compressed and on which an effective surface 20 is trained. The effective area 20 one is the inner surface 20a a hollow truncated cone.

The generators 20b of the inner surface 20a are at half the cone angle α to the axis of rotation 2a inclined. α and β are the same and have a value that is set to the self-locking of the fuse.

An effective surface 21 is radially outside of the retaining ring 14 educated. From the effective area 21 stand radially the ribs of a fine ribbing 22 or a knurl 22 radially out. The knurl 22 is in a counter-effect surface 23 of the wheel carrier 4 digs. This is possible because the material of the retaining ring harder than the material of the wheel carrier 4 is. The counteracting surface 23 corresponds to at least a part of the inner surface of the housing bore 12 in which the bearing ring 1 sitting.

The circumferential groove 15 is around the minor and in 2 exaggerated axial plays 24 wider than the circlip 14 , By loosening the seat of the bearing ring 1 in the housing bore 12 is the radial play 25 in the seat equal to or greater than zero. The loose bearing ring 1 starts in the directional arrow 16 marked direction to hike. The circlip 14 By contrast, it is radially outward against the counteracting surface 23 sprung up. The bearing ring 1 moves axially relative to the retaining ring 14 until the effective area 20 and the counter-surface 19 or outer surface 19 run up to each other. The circlip 14 wedges radially between the groove bottom 17 and the surrounding construction. The axial movement of the bearing ring 1 to the surrounding construction 3 is by frictional engagement between the effective surface 20 and the counter-surface 19 on the one hand and by form and friction of the active surface 21 or the knurl 22 and the counter-surface 23 on the other side of the retaining ring 14 stopped.

The position of the wedge and thus the reverse direction opposite to the directional arrow 16 is selected according to the requirements of the vehicle operation. The seat of the bearing ring 1 will usually loosen only when driving forward and then only in the direction of the directional arrow 16 hike. In the other direction, the bearing ring is for safety with the radial board 13 ( 1 ) secured.

It It is also conceivable to secure a bearing ring with two of the fuses. There are then two of the retaining rings either together in a circumferential groove or one each arranged separately in one of two Inserted grooves. Each retaining ring then acts in another opposite to the effective direction of the further retaining ring axial direction.

It is also conceivable, several acting in the same direction of the retaining rings to use in one or in spaced circumferential grooves.

The axial securing of the bearing ring 1 to the surrounding construction 3 also causes a circumferential securing of the retaining ring 14 and the bearing ring 1 because the frictional engagement and the form fit are effective in both circumferential directions.

3 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention. It is simplified schematically a frictional contact between a retaining ring 26 and a surrounding construction 27 shown. The effectiveness of the fuse can be improved if, as in 3 shown, in the longitudinal direction of an optionally extending in the picture above or below the fuse axis of rotation 27a or 27b several of the surfaces 28 and 29 follow one another. The surfaces 28 and 29 Depending on the position of the axis of rotation either outer or inner surfaces and have the same angle of inclination to the axis of rotation 27a . 27b on. At least one of the surfaces corresponds in each case 28 with at least one of the surfaces 29 ,

The effectiveness of the previously described fuse with wedge is increased due to several interacting active and counter-acting surfaces. In addition, the height is kept low with such a design, since the total slope of the wedge on the retaining ring 26 in several of the number of surfaces 28 and 29 corresponding individual levels was divided. The manufacture of such a retaining ring and the corresponding ramps on the surrounding structure is simpler.

4 shows a cross to the axis of rotation 2a cut possible embodiment of the invention. This embodiment provides in addition to the axial securing and in addition to the resulting from the axial securing circumferential securing a circumferential securing a bearing ring, such as the bearing ring 1 in the housing bore 12 , in front.

Either the one with the slot 35 circumferentially once alternatively several times slotted circlip 14 or a separate circlip 30 has radially inward more to the axis of rotation 2a directed and peripherally adjacent locking surfaces 31 and radially outside a knurl 22 on. The radial distance R ₀ , R ₁ to R _{X of} the respective barrier surfaces 31 to the axis of rotation 2a increases in a circumferential direction and in the opposite circumferential direction. The resulting ramps 32 Correspond with the ramps 33 on the bearing ring 1 in that at least one of the restricted areas 31 at least temporarily on at least one corresponding counter surface 34 the ramps 33 runs on the outer ring and in the direction of the arrow 36 marked direction locks. The restricted areas 31 correspond, for example, either the inner surfaces 20a or are carried out separately. The counter surfaces 34 correspond, for example, either the outer surfaces 19 or are carried out separately.

1

bearing ring

2

Wheel bearings

2a

axis of rotation

3

adjacent construction

4

wheel carrier

5

inner ring

6

inner ring

7

rolling elements

8th

wheel flange

9

hub

10

shelf

11

Cage

12

housing bore

13

radial board

14

circlip

15

circumferential groove

16

arrow

17

groove base

18

ramp

19

Outer / counter-acting surface

19a

surface line

20

effective area

20a

palm

20b

surface line

21

effective area

22

Feinverrippung / knurled

23

Against effective area

24

end play

25

radial clearance

26

circlip

27

adjacent construction

27a

axis of rotation

27b

axis of rotation

28

area

29

area

30

circlip

31

blocking surface

32

ramp

33

ramp

34

counter surface

35

slot

36

arrow

Claims (13)

Securing at least one bearing ring ( 1 ), on a surrounding construction ( 3 . 27 ) by means of at least one retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ), whereby the retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ) in a radial to the axis of rotation ( 2a . 27a . 27b ) of the bearing ring ( 1 ) spaced circumferential groove ( 15 ) engages, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ) between the bearing ring ( 1 ) and the surrounding construction ( 3 . 27 ) is at least temporarily clamped radially while the bearing ring ( 1 ) by means of the retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ) at least in a direction of action of the retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ) at least frictionally immovable to the surrounding construction ( 3 . 27 ) is secured. Fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 . 26 . 30 ) frictionally engaged in the circumferential groove ( 15 ) is present. Fuse according to claim 2, characterized in that along the axis of rotation ( 2a . 27a . 27b ) aligned outer surface lines ( 19a ) at the groove bottom ( 17 ) of the circumferential groove ( 15 ) to the rotation axis ( 2a . 27a . 27b ) and that the outer surface lines ( 19a ) with the axis of rotation (( 2a . 27a . 27b ) inclined internal surface lines ( 20b ) on the retaining ring ( 14 ) correspond frictionally. Fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface lines ( 19a ) together at least part of an outer surface ( 19 ) of a truncated cone and the internal surface lines ( 20b ) together at least part of an inner surface ( 20a ) form a hollow truncated cone. Fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 . 30 ) wedge-shaped with at least one conical inner surface ( 20 ) is trained. Fuse according to claim 4, characterized that the cone angle (β) of the truncated cone and the cone angle (α) of the hollow truncated cone same are big. Fuse according to claim 6, characterized that the value of the cone angle (α, β) becomes smaller is the value of the critical angle, where the critical angle is the angle is when achieved a balance of self-inhibition of Interior and exterior surfaces together is canceled. Fuse according to claim 6, characterized that the value of the tangent of the cone angle (α, β) is smaller than the value of the Gleitreibzahl where the value of the sliding friction coefficient characterizes the coefficient of friction, reaching a balance of self-locking of the interior and outer surface together is canceled. Fuse according to claim 4, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction of the axis of rotation ( 27a . 27b ) several of the outer surfaces ( 28 . 29 ) follow one another, wherein in each case at least one of the outer surfaces ( 28 . 29 ) with at least one of the inner surfaces ( 28 . 29 ) corresponds. Fuse according to claim 10, characterized in that each of the surfaces ( 28 . 29 ) each with the same angle to the rotation axis ( 27a . 27b ) is inclined. Fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 ) outside the circumferential groove by means of at least one active surface ( 21 ) at least positively in at least one counter-acting surface ( 23 ) on the surrounding structure ( 3 ) intervenes. Fuse according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 ) is supported in at least one axially rectified with the axis of rotation and in at least one circumferential locking direction. Circlip according to claim 1, characterized in that the retaining ring ( 14 . 30 ) radially inwardly at least two to the axis of rotation ( 2a ) and peripherally adjacent locking surfaces ( 31 ), wherein the radial distance (R ₀ , R ₁ , R _X ) of the respective of the blocking surfaces ( 31 ) to the axis of rotation ( 2a ) in a circumferential direction ( 36 ) and in the opposite circumferential direction decreases and that in each case at least one of the blocking surfaces ( 31 ) at least temporarily on at least one corresponding mating surface ( 34 ) on the bearing ring ( 1 ), wherein the radial distance (R ₀ , R ₁ , R _X ) of the respective mating surface ( 34 ) synchronously with the radial distance (R ₀ , R ₁ , R _X ) of the corresponding blocking surface ( 31 ) changes.