DE102005022503B4 - Tool and method for producing a thread - Google Patents

Abstract

Tool (2) for producing a thread (50) comprisinga) at least two cutting areas (3) each having at least one cutting edge (8, 9, 12, 26a, 30) and at least one thread forming area (4), c) the cutting Areas (3) and the or the thread forming region (s) (4) are arranged axially one behind the other to the tool axis (A) and are coupled or connected together so that they are rotatable or rotating together about a tool axis (A), d) a first cutting area (3) is a drilling area (6) and is configured to produce a workpiece surface for the thread (50); e) a second cutting area (24) is a tap and is adapted for machining a pre-thread in the workpiece surface f) wherein the at least one thread forming area (4, 14) for chipless finishing or finishing of the preliminary thread is formed in each case by impressing or molding into the workpiece surface, g) wherein the at least one thread forming portion (4, 24) spirally or helically extends around the tool axis (A) and is a thread rifling portion, h) wherein the at least one thread forming portion (4, 14) projects radially outward of the tool axis (A) or a larger maximum radial outer diameter than the first and the second cutting area (3, 6, 24).

Description

The invention relates to a tool and a method, each for generating a thread.

For non-cutting thread generation threading tools are known, which are based on a deformation of the workpiece and generate the thread by pressure in the workpiece. Among these non-cutting thread producers fall the so-called thread guides which have a tool shank and a working area formed thereon. The tool shank is generally at least approximately cylindrical and taken and held with its end facing away from the workpiece in the chuck of a threaded generating device. The working area is provided with a circumferentially spirally encircling thread, which is the counter-shape to the thread to be generated, and usually has an approximately polygonal cross-section, so that along the spiral offset from each other staggered outwardly projecting Stollen or corner areas for forming are formed under reduction of clamping forces.

To produce a thread in an existing bore of the thread furrow is introduced with the working area ahead with a corresponding feed axially to the longitudinal axis of the tool shaft and with rotation about this longitudinal axis in the bore. The teeth or shaped wedges of the thread are pressed against the thread groove in the surface of the workpiece or the bore. The material of the workpiece is thereby pressed away predominantly radially, ie perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bore. Part of the thus deformed material is solidified, another part is forced into the recesses or grooves between the die or teeth of the Gewindefurchers, whereby a thread is finally produced in the workpiece.

Out WO 02/094491 A1 are known a thread forming tool and a method for chipless threading. The elongated tool comprises a working area having one or more annular peripheral areas separated by annular grooves, which is or are non-circular in the center, in particular has polygon-like elevations. This tool is now used in the method according to WO 02/094491 A1 introduced under rotation about its own axis in a bore with a larger diameter than the tool and performs a circular movement along the circumference of the bore and at the same time a feed movement into the bore and thereby formed without cutting the thread in the bore. The thread is according to WO 02/094491 A1 So not by means of a helical, the thread pitch adapted shaping of the Gewindefurchers formed at only axial feed, but by means of annular and thus stepless and at the same polygonal cross-sectional shape and a spiral movement of the tool combined with a rotation about its own longitudinal axis.

The DE 28 52 906 A1 discloses an internally threaded rifling having a friction member disposed at its free end, wherein the outer diameter of the friction member corresponds to the core diameter of the internal thread to be furrowed and its cutting are effective in opposite direction to the screwing of the Furchers.

Also the EP 0 933 157 B1 discloses a thread furrow which, however, has punching holes adjacent core hole cutters for re-cutting the core hole after threading.

The DE 103 18 203 A1 discloses a circular and non-cutting threading tool, a so-called circular thread former.

The DE 39 39 795 A1 discloses a so-called Bohrgewindefräser which generates the core hole in a circular motion with a Bohrfrästeil and then generates the thread in a circular motion with the Gewindefräszähnen. The drill bits project radially outward than the thread milling cutters. It is an object of the invention to provide a new tool and a new method for producing a thread, in particular for producing an internal thread.

This object is achieved with regard to the tool having the features of patent claim 1 and with regard to the method having the features of claim 17. Advantageous embodiments and further developments of the tool and the method according to the invention will become apparent from the claims dependent respectively from claim 1 and claim 17.

The tool for producing a thread, in particular for producing an internal thread, according to claim 1 is a combination tool that works both machined and non-cutting and at least two cutting (or: machining) areas each having at least one cutting edge and at least one thread forming area.

A first cutting area is suitable and intended for producing or preparing a workpiece surface for the thread.

A second cutting area is suitable and designed for machining a pre-thread (or: rough thread) in the workpiece surface for the thread.

At least one thread forming area is provided for non-cutting finishing or finishing, in particular smoothing or further shaping, of the preliminary thread by impressing or molding into the workpiece surface. The workpiece surface therefore already has a preliminary thread here before the molding process.

The at least one thread forming portion extends helically or helically around the tool axis, generally at the same pitch as the thread to be created or created, and is a thread ridge portion.

Furthermore, the at least one thread forming area projects radially outward with respect to the tool axis or has a larger maximum radial outside diameter than both the first and the second cutting area.

With the tool according to the invention, it is also possible to create a thread in the solid material of a workpiece, since the machining area produces the workpiece surface for the thread forming area by removing material from the workpiece itself. It is therefore a pre-processing of the workpiece, in particular the pre-producing a hole (core hole) in an internal thread, not necessary.

This includes, in particular, the possibility that the first cutting area prepares the workpiece surface, in particular the, generally cylindrical, wall sections of the workpiece as an inner wall for an internal thread by material removal, the second machining area incorporates the preliminary thread into this workpiece surface prepared by the first machining area, and finally at least one thread forming area, the pre-thread machined or finished without cutting.

The first cutting area for machining the workpiece surface is formed according to the invention as a drill, in particular with continuous cutting or continuous engagement of the cutting edge (s) in the material of the workpiece.

The second cutting area for machining the preliminary thread is according to the invention a tap, so works in particular with a continuous cut.

The cutting areas and the thread forming area (s) are coupled or connected in accordance with the invention so as to be rotatable or rotating together about a tool axis. In this case, a direction of rotation or a direction of rotation in which the tool is operated or for which at least one cutting area or the arrangement of its at least one cutting edge is designed is generally distinguished. The at least one thread forming area also works in this direction of rotation. In a symmetrical embodiment, it would also be possible for the tool to be usable in both turning senses.

1. a) Drehen eines Werkzeuges gemäß der Erfindung um seine Werkzeugachse und Bewegen des Werkzeugs relativ zu einem Werkstück zumindest mit einer Vorschubbewegung entlang einer Vorschubrichtung axial oder parallel zur Werkzeugachse,
2. b) Erzeugen einer vorgegebenen oder vorgebbaren Werkstückoberfläche des Werkstückes mit dem ersten (sich um die Werkzeugachse drehenden und mit der Vorschubbewegung bewegten) spanabhebenden Bereich des Werkzeugs,
3. c) Erzeugen eines Vorgewindes in einer Werkstückoberfläche eines Werkstückes mit dem zweiten (sich um die Werkzeugachse drehenden und mit der Vorschubbewegung bewegten) spanabhebenden Bereich des Werkzeugs,
4. d) Nachbearbeiten des Vorgewindes mit dem wenigstens einen (sich um die Werkzeugachse drehenden und mit der Vorschubbewegung bewegten) Gewindeformbereich durch Eindrücken oder Einformen des Gewindeformbereichs in die Werkstückoberfläche im Vorgewinde.

A method for producing a thread according to the invention comprises the method steps:

1. a) rotating a tool according to the invention about its tool axis and moving the tool relative to a workpiece at least with a feed movement along a feed direction axially or parallel to the tool axis,
2. b) generating a predetermined or predefinable workpiece surface of the workpiece with the first (rotating around the tool axis and moving with the feed movement) cutting area of the tool,
3. c) generating a preliminary thread in a workpiece surface of a workpiece with the second (rotating about the tool axis and moving with the feed movement) cutting area of the tool,
4. d) reworking of the preliminary thread with the at least one (rotating about the tool axis and moving with the feed motion) thread forming area by pressing or molding the thread forming area in the workpiece surface in Vorgewinde.

The tool is moved according to the invention only with the axial or linear feed motion in the feed direction relative to the workpiece.

For this movement with only axial feed, the thread forming region has a shape which, in the case of the movement of the thread forming region composed of rotational movement and advancing movement, images onto the thread in the workpiece, ie a basic shape running helically or helically around the tool axis with the same Slope as the generated or generated thread. This shaping thread of the thread forming area on the tool approximately represents the counter-shape to the thread to be produced in the workpiece and as a rule comprises a plurality of threads. One Thread corresponds to a circulation or a turn of the spiral or helical line around the tool. In the longitudinal section or in the thread profile, the thread forming area thus essentially has a serrated shape with alternating teeth and grooves. This embodiment of the thread forming area corresponds to an (axial) thread pitch area.

The cutting area can now produce the workpiece surface or the preliminary thread simultaneously with the same working movement as the thread forming area. In a single working movement, the cutting area and tapping area move synchronously. For example, the cutting area may produce as an axial bore area a bore or workpiece surface by an exclusively axial feed motion while rotating the tool in the cutting sense of the drilling area.

In a further development, an opposite to the feed direction to the thread forming area adjacent cutting area for generating a, in particular opposite a thread core, enlarged, in particular stepped or chamfered, entrance area or mouth region of the thread can also be provided as r additional cutting area.

Preferably, for the tool, in particular its at least one cutting area or the arrangement of the at least one cutting edge and its at least one thread forming area, a predetermined feed direction axially to the tool axis is excellent. As a rule, a free or frontal end of the tool moves in the feed direction.

In the following, the areas of the thread forming area which at least partially penetrate into the workpiece surface in order to form the thread are referred to as punching lugs or shaped wedges or forming teeth. The pressing lugs or mold wedges usually take in their cross section to the outside or taper radially outward. A thread forming area may comprise a plurality of press studs or mold wedges. The pressing or impact profiles of successive pressing lugs or shaped wedges may vary, for example, in the widths and / or heights and / or change in gradations and in particular to complement a common or superimposed active profile, which is modeled on the thread profile in the workpiece.

In the second cutting area for producing a preliminary thread, the thread-tooth action profiles of adjacent teeth may also differ and be superposed to form a common action profile. By suitable coordination of the effective profiles of thread teeth of a thread cutting area and the action profiles of thread forming teeth of a subsequent thread forming area, selective production of the thread profile with only cut or only shaped sections can also be achieved in a targeted manner. Thus, for example, the cutting edges of the finished thread profile and during subsequent forming only the thread root can be further formed when cutting the Vorgewindes.

In general, the thread forming area in cross section has approximately a polygonal or polygon-derived shape. This ensures that the thread forming area only penetrates into the workpiece surface with the corner regions of the polygon, whereby the clamping friction during the rotational movement is greatly reduced.

In most applications, the tool, usually after generating the thread, in a direction opposite to the feed direction return direction again retrieved from the workpiece or retracted to edit a new workpiece or a new thread can. In this case, the tool is usually continued to be rotated about its tool axis in order not to lose any processing time for starting the rotary drive.

During the return movement, however, the already produced thread must not be damaged by the at least one cutting area, in particular the axially upstream drilling area. This can be prevented by the following measure.

The radial extent or the diameter of the cutting area is only selected to be at most equal to the core diameter of the thread to be formed by the thread forming area, so that the cutting area can be pulled axially out of the thread and always within the core area which is rotated by the thread (Parent) of the thread remains. In this way, an unwanted engagement of the cutting edge (s) of the cutting area can be avoided in the already created thread.

This measure is particularly advantageous in the drilling area as a cutting area, which produces the bore for the thread with a diameter corresponding to the core diameter of the thread, namely as an axial bore area by an axial movement of the tool along its tool axis coaxial with the thread axis and with rotation about the tool axis in the direction of rotation of the drilling area. In an axial Gewindefurchbereich as axially following the cutting area following thread forming area then the thread with the same axial Feed movement or another axial movement pressed into the core hole.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, recesses or undercuts or additional receiving spaces are provided in the tool between the adjacent form teeth or shaped wedges, in particular in the axial direction, in order to receive the displaced material. The corresponding protrusions of the workpiece material projecting inwards into the interior of the thread, which result in the complement of the recesses in the tool, are then preferably subsequently removed, preferably with a cutting area of the tool, which is designed as a core friction area or core cutting edge (s), and a smooth, clean Thread core generated.

As a rule, the tool axis is a longitudinal axis and / or main axis of inertia of the tool and / or an axis running centrally through the tool. A tool shank of the tool is generally substantially cylindrical, ie substantially circular in cross-section, shaped, and is held or clamped or clamped at one end in a clamping device or a tool holder or a tool chuck of a machine tool. The tool shank can also have any other cross-sectional shapes in addition to the circular shape. The tool shank can have an enlarging or reducing and / or a cross section that changes in shape along the tool axis.

Chip removing area (s) and / or thread forming area (s) may be integrally formed with the tool shank or may be connected thereto as a prefabricated part (s), for example, shrunk or soldered or welded or glued or screwed on. Furthermore, additional wear protection layers can be applied to the tool or its working areas. It is particularly advantageous if the tool shank is made of a tool steel, in particular a high-speed steel. This can be, for example, a high-speed steel (HSS steel) or a cobalt-alloyed high-speed steel (HSS-E steel). The working areas are preferably made of hard metal or of a hard metal alloy, in particular P-steel or K-steel or cermet, or of cemented carbide, in particular of tungsten carbide or titanium nitride or titanium carbide or titanium carbonitride or aluminum oxide, or of a cutting ceramic, in particular polycrystalline boron nitride (PKB), or made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD).

At least one thread forming area has in a particular embodiment preferably at least in a partial area a counter to the feed direction, preferably conical or linear, increasing outer diameter. The fact that the thread forming area tapers in the feed direction has the advantage, for example, that the penetration of the first press studs into the workpiece surface or the inner wall of the bore is facilitated. It may also be advantageous if at least one thread forming area has an outer diameter which is constant in the opposite direction to a feed direction.

It is particularly preferred if at least one thread forming area, contrary to the feed direction, has a region with increasing outer diameter, also referred to as shaping area or starting area, and then a region with constant outside diameter, also referred to as guide area or calibration area. The guide area serves primarily to guide the tool in the thread, so that the force provided for the thread generation in the shaping area is transmitted evenly and thereby as lossless as possible to the surface of the workpiece. At the same time, the guide area can have the function of smoothing out and calibrating the generated thread surface or thread flanks. This allows the thread to be made very accurately.

It is also conceivable to manufacture the area with increasing outer diameter and the area with constant outer diameter of different materials. For example, a harder and thus more wear-resistant material can be used for the area with increasing outer diameter and a less expensive, less hard for the guide area

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, one or more grooves or provided in the tool channels for guiding a fluid medium, in particular a coolant and / or lubricant and / or air such as compressed air or cold air at the periphery of at least one thread forming area and / or at least one cutting area, to reduce the friction and / or heat generation and dissipate the heat generated, and / or to dissipate the generated chips (flutes). The grooves or channels may extend straight and / or parallel or axially to the tool axis and / or obliquely to the tool axis and / or in the longitudinal direction of the tool or twisted around the tool axis or helical (twist grooves), ie twisted or with a rotation about the tool Scope of the tool or the tool axis to be formed.

In the flutes, at least the cutting edge (s) of the or each cutting area and / or the pressing lug (s) of the or each thread forming area of the groove to be set back to protect against damage or wear by the chips.

• 1 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein kombiniertes Zirkulargewindeform- und -bohrwerkzeug mit einem Bohrformkopf,
• 2 den Zirkulargewinde-Bohrformkopf des Werkzeugs aus 1 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung,
• 3 das Werkzeug nach 1 in einem Längsschnitt mit angelötetem Bohrformkopf,
• 4 das Werkzeug nach 1 und 3 in einer Frontansicht auf die Stirnseite,
• 5 in einem Längsschnitt eine zu 3 und 4 alternative Ausführungsform des Werkzeugs nach 1, mit einem am Schaft verschraubten Bohrformkopf,
• 6 das Werkzeug gemäß 5 in einer Frontansicht auf die Stirnseite,
• 7 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen alternativen Zirkularbohrgewindeformer,
• 8 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes des Werkzeugs nach 7,
• 9 das Werkzeug nach 7 im Arbeitseinsatz an einem Werkstück,
• 10 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen weiteren Zirkularbohrgewindeformer,
• 11 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes einer Weiterbildung des Werkzeugs nach 10,
• 12 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen weiteren Zirkularbohrgewindeformer ,
• 13 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes eines mit dem Werkzeug nach 12 vergleichbaren Werkzeugs,
• 14 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Zirkularfasbohrgewindeformer,
• 15 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes eines mit dem Werkzeug nach 14 vergleichbaren Werkzeugs,
• 16 das Werkzeug nach 14 im Arbeitseinsatz an einem Werkstück,
• 17 das Werkzeug nach 14 im Arbeitseinsatz an einem Werkstück,
• 18 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen weiteren Zirkularbohrgewindeformer mit Fase zum Schaft zum zirkularen Anfasen eines-Durchgangsloches,
• 19 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Zirkularbohrgewindeformer mit Fase zum Schaft zum axialen Anfasen eines Durchgangsloches,
• 20 das Werkzeug nach 18 bzw. 19 im Arbeitseinsatz an einem Werkstück,
• 21 das Werkzeug nach 18 beim zirkularen Anfasen eines Durchgangsloches,
• 22 das Werkzeug nach 19 beim axialen Anfasen eines Durchgangsloches,
• 23 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Zirkularbohrgewindeformer mit einer zusätzlichen Fase zwischen Arbeitskopf und Schaft zum beidseitigen zirkuläres Anfasen eines Durchgangsloches
• 24 das Werkzeug nach 23 beim beidseitigen zirkularen Anfasen eines Durchgangsloches,
• 25 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen weiteren Zirkulargewindeformer ohne Bohrbereich, aber mit einer Fase zum Schaft,
• 26 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Spiralbohrgewindefurcher,
• 27 in einer schematischen Draufsicht das Werkzeug nach 26 beim Einsatz an einem Werkstück,
• 28 einen Teilschnitt entlang der Linie A-A in 27,
• 29 einen Vollschnitt entlang der Linie A-A in 27,
• 30 einen Teilschnitt entlang der Linie B-B in 27,
• 31 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Spiralbohrgewindefurcher mit Fase zum Schaft zum Anfasen,
• 32 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Spiralbohrgewindefurcher mit Entlastungsnut,
• 33 in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Spiralbohrgewindefurcher ausgebildet für eine axiale Rückzugsbewegung,
• 34 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes des Werkzeugs nach 33,
• 35 anhand einer Schnittdarstellung die Funktionsweise des Werkzeugs nach 33 und 34, und zwar hier nach dem Arbeitsschritt Vorbohren,
• 36 im Anschluss an 35 das Werkstück nach dem Arbeitsschritt Zirkularformern,
• 37 im Anschluss an 36 das Werkstück nach dem Arbeitsschritt Kernreiben,
• 38 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein weiteres Werkzeug,
• 39 in einem Längsschnitt einen Teil des Arbeitskopfes eines mit dem Werkzeug nach 38 vergleichbaren Werkzeugs,
• 40 in einem Längsschnitt einen zu 39 alternativen Arbeitskopf eines mit dem Werkzeug nach 38 vergleichbaren Werkzeugs, und
• 41 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein weiteres Werkzeug.

The invention will be explained below with regard to further features and advantages with reference to the description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

• 1 a perspective view of a combined circular thread forming and drilling tool with a Bohrformkopf,
• 2 the circular thread drill head of the tool 1 in a perspective view,
• 3 the tool after 1 in a longitudinal section with soldered drill head,
• 4 the tool after 1 and 3 in a front view on the front side,
• 5 in a longitudinal section one to 3 and 4 alternative embodiment of the tool according to 1 , with a drill head bolted to the shaft,
• 6 the tool according to 5 in a front view on the front side,
• 7 in perspective view an alternative circular drill thread former,
• 8th in a longitudinal section of a part of the working head of the tool 7 .
• 9 the tool after 7 during work on a workpiece,
• 10 in perspective view another circular drill thread former,
• 11 in a longitudinal section a part of the working head of a development of the tool 10 .
• 12 in perspective view another circular drill thread former,
• 13 in a longitudinal section, a part of the working head of a with the tool after 12 comparable tool,
• 14 in a perspective view a circular fiber drill thread former,
• 15 in a longitudinal section, a part of the working head of a with the tool after 14 comparable tool,
• 16 the tool after 14 during work on a workpiece,
• 17 the tool after 14 during work on a workpiece,
• 18 1 is a perspective view of a further circular drill thread former with chamfer to the shank for the circular chamfering of a through-hole,
• 19 1 is a perspective view of a circular drill thread former with chamfer to the shank for axially chamfering a through hole;
• 20 the tool after 18 respectively. 19 during work on a workpiece,
• 21 the tool after 18 in the circular chamfering of a through hole,
• 22 the tool after 19 during axial chamfering of a through-hole,
• 23 in perspective view a circular drill thread forming with an additional chamfer between the working head and shaft for double-sided circular chamfering a through hole
• 24 the tool after 23 in the two-sided circular chamfering of a through hole,
• 25 in perspective view another circular thread former without drilling area, but with a chamfer to the shaft,
• 26 in perspective view a spiral drill thread guide,
• 27 in a schematic plan view of the tool 26 when used on a workpiece,
• 28 a partial section along the line A - A in 27 .
• 29 a full cut along the line A - A in 27 .
• 30 a partial section along the line B - B in 27 .
• 31 in a perspective view a spiral drill thread chamfer with chamfer to the shaft for chamfering,
• 32 in a perspective view a spiral drill tap with relief groove,
• 33 in a perspective view a spiral drill thread guide designed for an axial retraction movement,
• 34 in a longitudinal section of a part of the working head of the tool 33 .
• 35 based on a sectional view of the operation of the tool 33 and 34 , here after the pre-drilling step,
• 36 in connection to 35 the workpiece after the step circular formers,
• 37 in connection to 36 the workpiece after the step core rubbing,
• 38 in perspective another tool,
• 39 in a longitudinal section, a part of the working head of a with the tool after 38 comparable tool,
• 40 in a longitudinal section one to 39 alternative working head one with the tool 38 comparable tool, and
• 41 in perspective another tool.

Corresponding parts and sizes are in 1 to 41 provided with the same reference numerals. As far as embodiments are not covered by the subject of the valid independent claims, in particular embodiments with circular machining areas or thread forming areas, they may nevertheless serve to explain features of the dependent claims or for further technological explanation.

1 to 6 show embodiments of a combined tool 2 , with a tool shank 13 and one on the tool shank 13 attached working head 17 , At the tool 2 it is a combined circular thread forming and drilling tool that works as a combined working head 17 having a drill head. The working head 17 includes a cutting area 3 and a thread forming area 4 , both about a tool axis A (please refer 2 ) are rotatable.

2 shows the working head 17 this tool 2 which here is a circular thread drill head, in isolation. His orientation to the tool 2 in the assembled state results from the in 2 drawn tool axis A , The working head 17 is about the tool axis A rotating trained.

The working head 17 indicates at its intended and in a 2 Feed direction designated V front, free end 5 a drilling area 6 on with two cutting edges designed as cutting edges 8th and peripheral cutting 9 by two twisted grooves 18 are separated from each other. The drilling area 6 forms the cutting area 3 of the tool 2 ,

The grooves 18 also separate to the drilling area 6 subsequent thread forming sections 22 , which together form the thread forming area 4 of the tool 2 form, in each case two sub-areas, each with a mold wedge 14 (or: punching lugs). The mold wedges 14 are also arranged axially twisted and here follow the twist of the grooves 18 , The grooves 18 are used in particular for chip removal when drilling with the drilling area 6 resulting chips.

In the embodiment according to 3 and 4 is the combined working head 17 (here the Bohrformkopf after 2 ) of the tool 2 to 1 on a conical connecting surface 19 with the shaft 13 of the tool 2 soldered.

Show a mounting alternative 5 and 6 , Here is in the shaft 13 and in the working head 17 one central hole each 20a . 20b provided by a long screw 21 for attachment of the working head 17 on the shaft 13 at the of the working head 17 opposite side of the shaft 13 performed or feasible.

In the in 1 to 6 shown embodiment, the outer radius (maximum radial distance from the tool axis A ) or the outer diameter (maximum radial diameter through the tool axis) of the cutting area 3 or the drilling area 6 greater than in the axial opposite to the feed direction V subsequent thread forming area 4 that the individual thread forming sections 22 includes. Thus, when machining a workpiece first with the cutting area 3 or the drilling area 6 a bore with a larger core diameter than the outer diameter (maximum radial diameter of the tool 2 through the tool axis A ) of the thread forming area 4 or the thread forming sections 22 generated. Subsequently, by delivery of the tool 2 radial to the tool axis A outwards with the thread forming area 6 or the thread forming sections 22 in the from the cutting area 3 or drilling area 6 produced bore the thread by circular forms. In a non-through hole (blind hole) generated in this feed movement of the drilling area 6 a radially outwardly projecting end portion of the thread, in a through hole is the drilling area 6 preferably when generating the thread already outside of the workpiece.

7 to 9 show a circular drill thread former. Also this tool 2 has a shaft 13 and a working head 17 on. At a front end of the tool 5 there is a cutting area 3 of the working head 17 , At this borders a thread forming area 4 at.

The cutting area 4 form end cutting 8th and one on the frontal cutting 8th along the tool axis A adjacent milling area 7 with peripheral cutting 9 wherein it is the milling area 7 is a circular milling area. Of the Tapping area 4 includes many mold wedges 14 (or: punching lugs, furrows). Both the cutting area 3 as well as the thread forming area 4 are from along the tool axis A twisted grooves 18 traversed.

8th shows a longitudinal section through a part of the working head 17 , It can be seen that the outer radius (maximum radial distance from the tool axis) of the pressing lugs 14 against the feed direction V increases. Furthermore, the outer radius of all pressing lugs 14 greater than the outer radius of the milling area 7 or the cutting area 3 ,

9 shows the tool 2 , the circular drill thread former, working on a workpiece 55 , The tool 2 generated in this workpiece 55 a thread 50 , For this the tool rotates 2 around its tool axis A and becomes with a feed movement along a feed direction V parallel to the tool axis A relative to the workpiece 55 emotional. In addition to the feed motion, the tool becomes 2 moved with a circular motion, namely by the tool axis A around a central axis of rotation B parallel to the tool axis A is rotated. The central axis of rotation B essentially coincides with a central axis of the thread to be produced 50 together. During this movement, the cutting area creates 3 of the tool 2 a Vorgewinde in a workpiece surface of the workpiece 55 , This pre-thread is from the thread forming area 4 machined without cutting by impressing or molding the mold wedges 14 into the workpiece surface. After creating the thread 50 can the tool 2 again in a return movement against the feed direction V from the workpiece 55 moved out or moved relative to this.

10 also shows a circular drill thread former. This tool 2 largely corresponds to the tool 2 out 7 to 9 , so that reference is made to the statements there for the basic structure. The difference lies in the design of the milling area 7 which is also a circular milling area here. The outer radius (maximum radial distance from the tool axis) of the milling area 7 and thus also the diameter of the milling area 7 are in 10 in comparison to the embodiment according to 7 to 9 increased. Now the outer radius of all push lugs 14 significantly smaller than the outer radius of the milling area 7 or the cutting area 3 ,

With this tool 2 to 10 is first with the milling area 7 creates a hole in a workpiece. Then follows the furrows of the threads through the mold wedges 14 the thread forming area 4 , By means of circular furrows, ie the tool performs in addition to the rotation about its tool axis a circular motion. Due to the larger outer radius of the milling area 7 Compared to the shaped wedges in this case the length of the thread to be generated must be equal to or less than the length of the thread forming area 4 of the tool 2 be.

11 shows in longitudinal section a part of a working head 17 one opposite the one out 10 known tool 2 further developed tool. To recognize here is the enlarged outer radius of the milling area 7 , The outer radius of the mold wedges 14 However, in this embodiment of the tool is constant, ie all mold wedges 14 have the same outer radius. In the 11 illustrated embodiment has a circular-Fasschneide 23 at the front end of the tool 5 opposite end of the milling area 7
on, ie at the transition of the cutting area 3 to the thread furrow area 4 , This circular chamois 23 can be used for through holes in the workpiece to be machined for countersinking the exit side of the workpiece, ie the side on which the tool emerges again after passing through the workpiece from the workpiece.

12 shows another circular drill thread former. This has, in contrast to the above embodiments, a Kernreibbereich 11 with core cutting 12 on. The core cutting 12 are at the periphery of the working head 17 offset to the mold wedges 14 arranged. The core friction areas 11 with the core cutters 12 are of the thread forming areas 4 with the mold wedges 14 through the twisted grooves 18 separated. The core friction area 11 forms a cutting area 3 of the tool 2 , Purpose of the nuclear friction area 11 with the core cutters 12 is the trimming or leveling of a thread core of a thread produced by drilling and / or milling and / or molding of the tool in a workpiece.

13 shows in a longitudinal section a part of the working head 17 one with the tool 2 to 12 comparable tool 2 , This illustration illustrates a possible tooth profile of such a tool 2 , To recognize are two successively arranged rows of teeth. A first row of teeth points from the end of the tool 5 first a roughing tooth 24 up to a cutting area 3 of the tool 2 belongs. On the roughing tooth 24 follow the mold wedges 14 (Furrow teeth), here with a constant outer radius, which is greater than the outer radius of the Vorschneidzahnes 24 is. The mold wedges 14 form one or more thread forming areas 4 of the tool 2 , A second row of teeth forms the core friction area 11 and includes the core cutting edges 12 , The core cutting 12 are offset along the tool axis to the mold wedges 14 arranged, in such a way that always a core cutting edge 12 is arranged centrally between two teeth of the first row of teeth. The outer radius of the core cutting edges 12 or the core friction region 11 is significantly smaller than the outer radii of Vorschneidzahn 24 and mold wedges 14 , The core cutting 11 or the core friction areas 11 form one or more cutting areas 3 of the tool 2 ,

14 shows in perspective a further alternative embodiment of the tool, a Zirkularfasbohrgewindefurcher. This has, in contrast to the above circular Bohrwindeformern a Zirkularfasbohrteil 25 at the front end 5 of the tool 2 on.

15 shows in a longitudinal section a part of the working head 17 one with the tool 2 to 14 comparable tool 2 , This illustration illustrates a possible tooth profile of such a tool 2 , At the front end 5 of the tool 2 is the circular fiber drilling part 25 to recognize that contrary to the feed direction V in a peripheral cutting edge 9 passes. This is followed by the mold wedges 14 on, here with increasing outer radius. Here is the outer radius of all mold wedges 14 larger than the outer radius of the peripheral edge 9 ,

The circular fiber drill tap after 14 and 15 is preferably used for drilling pre-cast holes 56 in workpieces 55 , The operation of this tool 2 is in 16 and 17 shown.

First, as in 16 shown with the circular fiber drilling part 25 the existing through hole 56 in the workpiece 55 drilled and with the thread forming area 4 or the wedges 14 the thread 50 furrowed. This results from the through hole 56 a threaded hole 58 , For the movements in this step, please refer to the explanation 9 directed. Subsequently, as in 17 shown, also with the Zirkularfasbohrteil 25 a circular chamfering of the threaded hole produced 58 at the entrance 52 on the workpiece 55 , where the tool 2 in addition to a rotation around the tool axis A a circular movement about the central axis B which runs through the center of the tapped hole 58 runs. In this circular motion is the tool axis A but further from the central axis B removed than in threading. In the case of circular chamfering, there is also no feed motion of the tool 2 , The result of this step is a chamfer 57 in the workpiece 55 , at the entrance 52 the threaded hole 58 , wherein the throw in the thread core area is removed by the molding process.

18 shows a circular drill thread former with a chamfer 26 (or: bevel cutting area, milled part, milling area) to the shaft 13 for circular chamfering of a through hole 56 or a threaded hole 58 a workpiece 55 , Alternatively shows 19 in a comparable representation, another embodiment of the tool 2 according to the invention, which is a circular drill thread former, although also a bevel 26 to the shaft 13 has, this bevel 26 but is for axial chamfering a through hole 56 or a threaded hole 58 a workpiece 55 certainly.

The structure of the working head 17 of the tool 2 in 18 and 19 corresponds to that already on the basis of 7 described working head 17 , Alternatively, it could be used to drill cast holes in a workpiece 55 the Zirkularfräsbereich the working head are also replaced by a Zirkularfasbohrteil, so that the working head, for example, accordingly 14 is trained.

The difference of the tools 2 to 18 and 19 to the above-described embodiments lies in the chamfer 26 on the shaft 13 , This chamfer 26 (or: bevel cutting area) includes bevel cutting 26a , The external radii of the cutting edges and shaped wedges of the working head 17 are doing so with the bevel 26 matched that when chamfering both the tool 2 to 18 as well as the tool 2 to 19 only the chamfer 26 , Due to the eccentricity of the cutting and forming wedges only an outer area 27 the chamfer 26 , engaged on the workpiece 55 is.

20 to 22 show the tool 2 to 18 respectively. 19 in labor use on a workpiece 55 , 20 shows the circular cutting and furrowing of a thread 50 into the workpiece 55 , This step is with the tools 2 to 18 and after 19 equally feasible. This step is finished as soon as the thread produced 50 through the workpiece 55 passes. Is that thread 50 finished produced, ie there is a through hole 56 with thread 50 and thus a threaded hole 58 through the workpiece 55 before, the next step is the chamfering of the entrance area 52 the threaded hole 58 , 21 shows the circular chamfering with the tool 2 to 18 , whereas 22 axial chamfering with the tool 2 to 19 represents. In both cases, the tool protrudes 2 through the threaded hole created 58 through, in such a way that the working head 17 at one of the entrance area 52 of the workpiece 55 opposite area from the workpiece 55 leaked completely. This brings the chamfer 26 with its outer area 27 at the entrance 52 the threaded hole 58 to lie down and can start there the Anfasarbeit. For circular chamfering, the tool axis leads A a circular movement about a central axis B out while the tool 2 even about his tool axis A rotates. When axial chamfering eliminates the circular motion, the tool 2 only rotates about its tool axis A ,

23 shows a circular drill thread former with an additional chamfer 28 (or: bevel cutting area, milled part, milling area) between working head 17 and shaft 13 , A first phase 26 is still directly on the shaft as in the previous embodiment 13 arranged. The chamfers 26 . 28 allow a two-sided, in particular simultaneous circular chamfering of a through hole 56 or a threaded hole 58 in a workpiece 55 ,

24 shows such an operation with the tool 2 to 23 , The one bevel 26 is located at the entrance 52 of the through hole 56 or the threaded hole 58 on, the additional bevel 28 at one of the entrance area 52 opposite exit area 59 , With a corresponding circular movement of the tool axis A around a central axis of rotation B with simultaneous rotation of the tool 2 around its tool axis A becomes the through hole 56 or the threaded hole 58 chamfered on both sides at the same time.

25 shows in perspective another alternative embodiment of the tool 2 , namely a circular thread furrow without drilling area (or: drilling part), but with a chamfer 26 (or: bevel cutting area, milled part, milling area) to the shaft 13 out. This tool 2 creates the thread only with a thread forming area 4 , the shape wedges 14 having. A cutting area is not intended for threading. However, the transition of the working head 17 to the shaft 13 as a cutting area 3 formed, it includes the bevel cutting area 26 , the bevel cutting 26a for chamfering a hole or a bore, for example a threaded bore. Due to the eccentricity of the mold wedges 14 comes only an outer area 27 the chamfer 26 when chamfering on the workpiece. With this tool 2 It should also be noted that, when chamfering blind holes, the length of the pilot hole is limited to that in 25 with L designated length dimension of the working head 17 or here also the thread forming area 4 must be coordinated, otherwise the chamfer 26 not engaged at the entrance of the hole.

26 shows a spiral drill tap. A cutting area 3 at the front end 5 of the tool 2 here forms a spiral drill 29 with drill bits 30 , On the spiral drill 29 follows also with this tool 2 a thread forming area 4 with molded wedges 14 , Furthermore, the tool points 2 two twisted grooves 18 on.

27 shows the tool 2 to 26 in a schematic plan view when used on a workpiece 55 , You can see a bevel on the shaft and an outer radius 32 of the tool 2 , Next is a thread core 51 of the generated thread 50 in the workpiece 55 shown. The tool 2 is in the thread 50 offset laterally, in such a way that spiral drill 29 and mold wedges 14 into the threads 53 of the thread 50 engage without touching or damaging it.

28 shows a partial section along the line A - A in 27 , Here are the spiral drill part in an enlarged view 29 and the adjoining mold wedge 14 of the tool 2 to recognize. Spiralbohrteil 29 and molding wedge (s) 14 protrude over the tool core 31 out and engage in threads 53 of the thread 50 in the workpiece 55 one. To the generated thread 50 especially the thread surface, not to be damaged (especially when retracting the tool 2 from the workpiece 55 ), are the in 28 specified dimensions x as the radius difference between the outer radius of the molding wedge 14 and the peripheral or outer cutting edge of the spiral drilling part 29 on the one hand and b as the width of the tooth head or length of the peripheral cutting edge in the axial direction of the spiral boring part 29 so restricted that the spiral boring part 29 in the generated thread of the thread 50 fits and when unscrewing the thread can follow or run in this, without the thread 50 to damage.

29 shows a full cut along the line A - A in 27 , Here it is shown that the retraction is not axial, but circular following the thread pitch and the specified eccentricity e ₁ that is the distance from tool axis A to central axis of rotation B corresponds and is reduced compared to the engagement in thread forming.

30 additionally shows a partial section along the line B - B in 27 ,

31 shows a further alternative embodiment of the tool 2 according to the invention, namely a spiral drill with a bevel 26 (or: bevel cutting area, milled part, milling area) to the shaft 13 , intended for chamfering a recess in a workpiece. The outer radii of the spiral drill part 29 of the working head 17 are doing so with the bevel 26 tuned that chamfering only the chamfer 26 , due to the eccentricity of the spiral drill 29 only an outer area 27 the chamfer 26 , is engaged on the workpiece. It should also be noted that when chamfering blind holes in a workpiece, the length of the thread on the in 31 shown measure L (Length of the working head 17 ), otherwise the chamfer 26 not engaged at the entrance of the hole. Thus, can be with this tool 2 produce neither longer nor shorter chamfered tapped holes.

32 shows a spiral drill with relief groove 33 (or: protective groove). The relief groove 33 runs offset to the groove 18 twisted around the tool's longitudinal axis. This embodiment variant can also be formed in the case of circular drill thread formers.

As another special feature, also in 32 is shown, the tool can 2 Provide an internal coolant supply, in particular an axial inner coolant supply (abbreviation IKZ, DIN designation: KA), preferably an axial inner coolant supply with outlet in the grooves, here the relief grooves 33 (Abbreviation IKZN, DIN designation: KR). In 32 are the outlet openings in the relief grooves 33 with the reference number 34 designated.

33 illustrates a spiral bit formed for axial return movement. This tool 2 has undercuts, in contrast to the above-described spiral drill thread formers 35 (or: Kernfreistiche) at the feet of the mold wedges 14 on. Further, on the drill bits 30 opposite side of the spiral drilling 29 a core friction part 36 intended. The core friction part 36 is used in particular for rubbing the thread core 51 when retracting the tool 2 ,

34 shows in a longitudinal section a part of the working head 17 of the tool 2 to 33 , In this enlarged view are clearly the undercuts 35 and the core friction part 36 to recognize. On the right in 34 is as an alternative to the underdog 35 a core cutting edge 12 with which a comparable result can be achieved (for this, see the following functional description on the basis of 35 to 37 ). Such core cutting 12 can therefore the underdogs 35 replace or supplement. The core cutting 12 are offset along the tool axis to the mold wedges 14 arranged, in such a way that always a core cutting edge 12 in the middle between two shaped wedges 14 is arranged. Such core cutting 12 have already been described above on the basis of 12 and 13 explained. This embodiment is referred to here.

35 to 37 show a sectional view of a workpiece 55 the functioning of the tool 2 to 33 and 34 ,

35 first shows the workpiece 55 after the pre-drilling step. The axial forward movement of the tool became a blind hole through the spiral boring part 60 in the workpiece 55 generated. The diameter of the blind hole 60 corresponds to the diameter of the spiral drill 29 of the tool 2 (in each case perpendicular to the tool axis or feed direction of the tool).

36 shows the workpiece 55 in connection to 35 after the additional step circular forms. It can now be seen through the mold wedges 14 circular shaped threads 50 with its threads 53 , so now from the blind hole 60 in 35 a threaded hole 58 has become. Also visible are the undercuts 35 in the tool 2 resulting supernatants 61 in the workpiece material.

37 finally shows the workpiece 55 in connection to 36 after the additional step core rubbing. Here were at the axial retraction movement of the tool 2 from the threaded hole 58 through the core friction part 36 of the tool 2 the supernatants 61 away. The result is an optimized thread 50 , which due to the core rubbing a grated thread core 51 without the claws or throws typically occurring in pure forms.

The method according to 35 to 37 Alternatively, it can lead to the formed thread in two or three stages.

38 shows a further alternative embodiment of the tool 2 according to the invention. Also this tool 2 includes a working head 17 and a shaft 13 , The working head 17 in turn, includes a cutting area 3 with forehead cutting 8th and peripheral cutting 9 and a thread forming area 4 with molded wedges 14 ,

39 and 40 each show in a longitudinal section a part of two alternative working heads 17 of tools 2 that with the tool 2 to 38 are comparable.

How out 39 (see also 8th ) can be seen on the working head shown here 17 at the front end of the tool 5 first cutting the forehead 8th arranged, followed by peripheral cutting 9 , These cut 8th . 9 form the cutting area 3 of the tool 2 , On this cutting area 3 follows the thread forming area 4 with its shape wedges 14 , It is in 39 recognizable that the outer radius of the mold wedges 14 with increasing Distance from the front end of the tool 5 increases. Furthermore, the outer radius of all mold wedges 14 larger than the outer radius of the peripheral edge 9 ,

40 shows an alternative working head 17 , Again, here are the first end of the tool 5 face cutting 8th arranged, followed by peripheral cutting 9 , However, this does not immediately close the mold wedges 14 the thread forming area 4 at. Rather, between the peripheral blades 9 and the thread forming area 4 an intermediate area 10 formed with pre-cutting teeth 24 , With these Vorschneidzähnen a thread is pre-cut by cutting. Next to the cutting 8th . 9 thus also form the Vorschneidzähne 24 a cutting area 3 of the tool 2 , 40 further shows that the outer radius of the working head 17 or the tool 2 starting from the peripheral cutting edge 9 over the Vorschneidzähne 24 up to the mold wedges 14 increases. The precut teeth 24 may increase or vary axially in their cutting or knitting profiles in the widths and / or heights, and / or be formed as an Anstrehlung and / or with gradations.

41 shows a further alternative embodiment of the tool 2 , This is a spiral drill thread guide, ie at the front end 5 of the tool 2 is a spiral drill 29 with drill bits 30 arranged. The spiral drilling part forms a cutting area 3 of the tool 2 , On the spiral drill 3 follows the thread forming area 4 with its shape wedges 14 , Furthermore, in 41 in the spiral drill part 29 outlet openings 34 one in the tool 2 integrated and thus shown internal coolant supply.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

Tool

3

machining area, machining area

4

Tapping area

5

free or frontal tool end

6

drilling

7

milling

8th

end cutting edge

9

peripheral cutting edge

10

intermediate area

11

Kernreibbereich

12

core cutting

13

Tool shank, shank

14

Mold wedge, punching lugs, furrows

17

working head

18

groove

19

interface

20a, 20b

drilling

21

screw

22

Thread forming section, sub-area, area

23

Circular chamfer cutting blade

24

Vorschneidzahn

25

Zirkularfasbohrteil

26

Chamfer, bevel cutting area

26a

Fasenschneide

27

outer area of the chamfer 26

28

additional bevel

29

Spiralbohrteil

30

drilling edge

31

tool core

32

Outer radius of the tool 2

33

Relief groove, protection groove

34

Outlet opening of an internal coolant supply

35

Freeway

36

Kernreibteil

50

thread

51

threaded core

52

entrance area

53

thread

55

workpiece

56

Through Hole

57

chamfer

58

threaded hole

59

output range

60

blind

61

supernatants

A

Tool axis, tool longitudinal axis

B

central axis of rotation

V

feed direction

L

measure of length

x, b

Dimensions

e ₁

eccentricity

Claims (21)

Tool (2) for producing a thread (50) comprising a) at least two cutting areas (3) each having at least one cutting edge (8, 9, 12, 26a, 30) and b) at least one thread forming area (4), c) wherein the cutting areas (3) and the thread forming area (s) (4) are arranged axially one behind the other to the tool axis (A) and are coupled or connected together so that they together about a tool axis (A) rotatable or rotating are, d) wherein a first cutting area (3) is a drilling area (6) and is designed to produce a workpiece surface for the thread (50), e) wherein a second cutting area (24) is a tap and is designed to produce a preliminary thread in the workpiece surface, f) wherein the at least one thread forming area (4, 14) for chipless finishing or finishing of the preliminary thread is formed in each case by impressing or molding into the workpiece surface, g) wherein the at least one thread forming area (4, 24) extends helically or helically around the tool axis (A) and is a thread ridge area, h) wherein the at least one thread forming portion (4, 14) extends radially outwardly of the tool axis (A) or has a larger maximum outside radial diameter than the first and second cutting portions (3, 6, 24). Tool after Claim 1 in that the first and the second cutting area (3, 6) or the arrangement of its at least one cutting edge (8, 9, 12, 26a, 30, 24) for a given direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) around the Tool axis (A) is designed and the at least one thread forming area (4) is designed and arranged so that in this direction of rotation, the pre-thread nach- or finished. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and the second cutting area (3) or the arrangement of its at least one cutting edge (8, 9, 12, 26a, 30, 24) for a predetermined feed direction (V) of the tool ( 2) is designed axially to the tool axis (A) and the at least one thread forming area (4) is designed and arranged so that in this feed direction (V), the pre-thread nach- or finished. Tool after Claim 3 , in which the feed direction (V) as viewed from the tool (2) is directed towards a free end (5) or end face (5) of the tool (2) arranged axially to the tool axis (A). Tool according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first machining area (3) is arranged on an end face (5) or a free end (5) of the tool (2) and / or at least one end-face cutting edge (8) on an end face (FIG. 5) or a free end (5) of the tool (2) and / or at least one peripheral cutting edge (9) on a peripheral region of the tool (2). Tool according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one further cutting area (3) has at least one core cutting edge (12) or core friction part for regrooving or leveling the thread core (51) of the thread produced by the or a thread forming area (4). Tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a, in particular opposite to the feed direction (V), adjacent to the thread forming area (4) cutting area (3) for generating a, in particular opposite a threaded core (51), enlarged, in particular stepped or chamfered, input area (52) or mouth region of the thread (50) is formed and provided. Tool according to one of the preceding claims with at least two cutting areas (3) and at least two thread forming areas (4), wherein the cutting areas (3) and the thread forming areas (4) are arranged alternately or alternately, in particular in a series arrangement axially to the tool axis ( A), where a) has a first cutting area (3) at least one Vorarbeitsschneide for removing material, b) a first thread forming area (4) for generating a thread (50) adjoins the first cutting area (3), c) the first thread forming area (4) is adjoined by a second cutting area (3) with at least one core cutting edge (12) or core friction part for regrooving or leveling the thread core (51) of the thread (50) produced by the first thread forming area (4) d) is followed by a second thread forming area (4) adjoins the second cutting area (3) for reworking and / or leveling of the threads or thread flanks of the thread (50). Tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cutting area (36) or the arrangement of which at least one cutting edge for a opposite to predetermined feed direction (V) of the tool directed return direction of the tool is designed axially to the tool axis, wherein the at least one cutting area (36), or the arrangement of which at least one cutting edge is designed for the return direction of the tool, for re-cutting or cutting reworking of the Threaded core (51) of the thread forming area (4) generated or post-processed thread (50), in particular to a desired Gewindekernmaß provided. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the or each thread forming portion (4) and the or each cutting area (3) are formed or mounted on a common tool shank (13) or common tool core, the tool shank (13) being preferably for holding or clamping the tool (2) is provided in a tool holder or tool chuck. Tool according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one thread forming area (4) has at least one radially outwardly projecting pressing lug (14) or molding wedge (14) and / or at least one thread forming area (4) is perpendicular in its cross section to the tool axis (A) a polygonal shape or a shape derived from a polygon, wherein the polygon preferably has a corner number of two or three or four or five or six, wherein the corner regions of the at least approximately polygonal cross-section of the thread forming region (4) in particular form the pressing lugs (14) , Tool after Claim 11 in which at least one group of press studs (14) of different thread forming areas (4) are arranged along a curve circulating the tool axis (A) and / or at least one group of press studs (14) of the same thread forming area (4) along a tool axis (4) A) circumferential curve are arranged, wherein the curve of the tool axis (A) spirally or helically rotates. Tool according to one of the preceding claims with a plurality of axially to the tool axis (A) successively arranged thread forming areas (4, 22). Tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the radial distance from the tool axis (A) or the radial outer dimensions or dimensions of at least one thread forming area (4) or successive pressing lugs (14) axially to the tool axis (A) in one direction, preferably in one Direction away from the cutting area (3), and / or against a feed direction (V) of the tool (2) increases in a partial area or start-up area and / or remains the same in at least one guide area. Tool according to one of the preceding claims with grooves (18) and / or channels for guiding a fluid medium, in particular a coolant and / or lubricant and / or air such as compressed air and / or cold air, and / or the lifted chips, wherein the grooves (18) and / or channels preferably run on the circumference of the tool (2) or in the interior of the tool (2) and / or in the cutting area (3) and / or in the thread forming area (4) and / or open, in particular at least a main direction parallel to the tool axis (A) and / or straight or twisted or helical about the tool axis (A) and / or in the longitudinal direction of the tool (2). Tool after Claim 15 in which at least the cutting edge (s) (8, 9, 12, 26a, 30) of the or each cutting area (3) and / or the pressing lug (s) (14) of the or each thread forming area (4) in a chip-removing groove ( 18) from the groove (18) is set back to protect against damage by the chips. Method for producing a thread (50), in which a) a tool (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims is rotated about its tool axis (A) and is moved with an axial feed movement along a feed direction (V) axially relative to the tool axis (A) relative to a workpiece (55), b) a predetermined or predefinable workpiece surface of a workpiece (55) is produced with the first cutting area (3, 6, 8, 9) of the tool (2), c) with the second cutting area (24) a Vorgewinde in the workpiece surface of the workpiece (55) is generated, and d) with the at least one thread forming area (4, 14) without cutting, the preliminary thread is reworked by impressing or molding the thread forming area (4) into the workpiece surface, e) wherein the workpiece surface and the Vorgewinde are generated simultaneously with the same working movement as the thread forming area and / or move the cutting areas and the thread forming area synchronously. Method according to Claim 17 for producing an internal thread, in which the workpiece surface produced by the first chip-removing region (3) forms the inner surface of a recess, in particular a blind hole (60), or a continuous opening (56), in particular a bore. Method according to Claim 17 or 18 in which, after the thread (50) has been produced, the tool (2) is again moved out of the workpiece (55) in an axial return movement counter to the feed direction (V) or moved away relative thereto. Method according to Claim 19 in which the or at least one cutting area (3) generates or adjusts an inner termination or the core (51) of the thread (50) during the return movement, in particular a part of the thread forming by the thread forming area (4) radially inside nachgeflossenen or displaced material (61) of the workpiece (55) removes. Method according to one of Claims 17 to 20 in which the feed rate and / or the return speed are adapted to the gradient of the thread (50).

Images