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DE102005012834A1 - Automatic frequency and phase tuning for the drive unit of a resonant fluid vibration reactor comprises measuring the vibrations of a fluid or fluidized powder indirectly - Google Patents

Automatic frequency and phase tuning for the drive unit of a resonant fluid vibration reactor comprises measuring the vibrations of a fluid or fluidized powder indirectly Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102005012834A1
DE102005012834A1 DE102005012834A DE102005012834A DE102005012834A1 DE 102005012834 A1 DE102005012834 A1 DE 102005012834A1 DE 102005012834 A DE102005012834 A DE 102005012834A DE 102005012834 A DE102005012834 A DE 102005012834A DE 102005012834 A1 DE102005012834 A1 DE 102005012834A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
vibrations
drive
drive unit
resonant
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DE102005012834A
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German (de)
Inventor
Hans-Hermann Dr.habil. Rüttinger
Johannes Prof. Dr. Briesoovsky
Thomas Richter
Hermann Prof. Dr. Matschiner
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ECH ELEKTROCHEMIE HALLE GmbH
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ECH ELEKTROCHEMIE HALLE GmbH
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Priority to DE102005012834A priority Critical patent/DE102005012834A1/en
Publication of DE102005012834A1 publication Critical patent/DE102005012834A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/1809—Controlling processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/40—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed subjected to vibrations or pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/12—Fluid oscillators or pulse generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00539—Pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00548—Flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0877—Liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
    • B01J2219/0881—Two or more materials
    • B01J2219/0886—Gas-solid

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)

Abstract

Automatic frequency and phase tuning for the drive unit of a resonant fluid vibration reactor comprises measuring the vibrations of a fluid or fluidized powder indirectly by measuring the force transmitted between the drive unit and the vibrating system and using the resulting signal to adjust the drive frequency to produce resonance.

Description

Fluide oder fluidisierbare Stoffe können in geeigneten Behältern zu resonanten Schwingungen angeregt werden, wie zum Beispiel die vertikale Schwingung einer Flüssigkeitssäule in einem U-Rohr, die durch einen Druckimpuls aus ihrer Gleichgewichtslage gebracht worden ist (Albring, Angewandte Strömungslehre, Verlag Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden 1970).fluids or fluidizable substances in suitable containers be excited to resonant vibrations, such as the vertical oscillation of a liquid column in a U-tube, brought out of their equilibrium position by a pressure pulse (Albring, Angewandte Strömungslehre, Verlag Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden 1970).

In Pulverschichten wird durch Gasdruckpulsationen eine Fluidisierung erzeugt. Bei Resonanz der Pulver-Gasschicht erfolgt eine Ausdehnung der Schicht und es wird ein mit der üblichen Wirbelschicht vergleichbarer Fluidisierungszustand des Pulvers erhalten. Im Unterschied zur Wirbelschicht wird der Resonanzfluidisierungszustand aber bei wesentlich geringeren Gasgeschwindigkeiten erreicht, wobei bei geringen Schichthöhen (bis ca. 20 cm) dieser Zustand auch ohne Luftzuführung von unten erreicht wird.In Powder layers become fluidized by gas pressure pulsations generated. At resonance of the powder gas layer is an expansion the layer and it is a comparable with the usual fluidized bed Fluidization state of the powder obtained. In contrast to the fluidized bed is but the state of resonance fluidization is much lower Gas velocities achieved, with low layer heights (to approx. 20 cm) this condition is reached even without air supply from below.

Die typische Resonanzfrequenz liegt bei üblichen Behältergrößen im Infraschallbereich von 0,1 bis 10 Hz.The typical resonant frequency is the usual container sizes in the infrasonic range of 0.1 to 10 Hz.

Beim Betrieb der Reaktoren wird die Resonanzfrequenz bisher empirisch ermittelt und der Pulsationsantrieb dann auf diese Frequenz fest eingestellt. Ändert sich die Resonanzfrequenz durch Temperatur, Füllstands -oder Konsistenzveränderung des Fluids, so muß die Resonanzfrequenz manuell nachgestellt werden, will man die Schwingungen weiter auf maximaler Amplitude halten.At the Operation of the reactors, the resonance frequency is so far empirical determined and the pulsation drive then fixed to this frequency set. change the resonance frequency is due to temperature, level or consistency change of the fluid, so must the Resonance frequency manually adjusted, you want the vibrations continue to hold at maximum amplitude.

Gemäß DE 20 2004 008 470 wird durch Rückkopplung der Fluidschwingungen auf den Antrieb zwar eine automatische Einstellung des Resonanzzustandes erreicht, wobei aber von Nachteil ist, dass für eine solche Kopplung die direkte Erfassung der Fluidschwingungen durch einen Meßfühler im Fluid erforderlich ist. Das ist jedoch in konstruktiver und verfahrenstechnischer Hinsicht problematisch.According to DE 20 2004 008 470 Although an automatic adjustment of the resonance state is achieved by feedback of the fluid vibrations to the drive, but it is disadvantageous that for such a coupling, the direct detection of the fluid vibrations by a sensor in the fluid is required. However, this is problematic in terms of design and process engineering.

Der im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, die automatische Einstellung und Einhaltung des Resonanzzustandes ohne Messfühler im Fluid zu realisieren.Of the The invention defined in claim 1 is based on the problem the automatic adjustment and compliance with the resonance state without sensor to realize in the fluid.

Dieses Problem wird gemäß Patentanspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, dass die Fluidschwingungen indirekt durch Auswertung der Übertragungskräfte zwischen dem Antrieb und dem schwingenden System erfasst werden und das gewonnene Signal zur Regelung der Antriebsfrequenz auf den Resonanzzustand benutzt wird.This Problem is according to claim 1 solved by that the fluid vibrations indirectly by evaluating the transmission forces between the drive and the oscillating system are captured and won Signal used to control the drive frequency to the resonance state becomes.

Dadurch entfällt die Notwendigkeit, Sensoren direkt im schwingenden Medium zu plazieren.Thereby deleted the need to place sensors directly in the vibrating medium.

Die Übertragungskräfte werden je nach Art des Antriebs über verschiedene Messgrößen, beispielsweise Gasdruck oder Dehnung eines Federelementes, ermittelt und für die weitere Verwendung hinsichtlich Phase und Amplitude in Bezug auf den Antrieb ausgewertet.The transmission forces are depending on the type of drive over different measurands, for example Gas pressure or elongation of a spring element, determined and for the others Use in terms of phase and amplitude in relation to the drive evaluated.

Zur Erfassung der Fluidschwingungen kann in pneumatisch angetriebenen Schwingern, wie Pulsationsreaktoren, der Druckverlauf oder die Geschwindigkeit des Gases in der Zuleitung analysiert werden. Auch die Trägheitskräfte des schwingenden Fluids in der Aufhängung des Reaktors können zur Erfassung des Schwingungszustandes herangezogen werden.to Detection of fluid vibrations can be in pneumatically driven Oscillators, such as pulsation reactors, the pressure curve or the speed of the gas in the supply line. Also the inertial forces of the oscillating fluid in the suspension of the reactor be used for detecting the vibration state.

Dabei wird die Regelung auf eine durch die Art des Sensors und den Ort der Messung definierte Phasenlage ausgerichtet und die Antriebsfrequenz auf eine maximale Amplitude der erfassten Fluidschwingungen geregelt.there The scheme will be based on one by the type of sensor and the location the measurement defined phase position aligned and the drive frequency regulated a maximum amplitude of the detected fluid oscillations.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

1 zeigt eine mittels eines Drucksensors gesteuerte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. 1 shows a controlled by a pressure sensor device for carrying out the method.

2 zeigt den zeitlichen Verlauf von Schwingungsamplitude und Druck. 2 shows the time course of vibration amplitude and pressure.

Bei Gasdruckpulsatoren wird das Meßsignal aus dem Druckverlauf in der Gasdruckleitung gewonnen. Die Amplitude dieser Druckschwankungen weist bei Resonanz des Fluids ein Maximum auf und die Phasenverschiebung gegenüber dem Antrieb beträgt etwa 90°. Abweichungen vom Resonanzzustand äußern sich in einer Verringerung der Amplitude und in einer Verringerung des Phasenwinkels für eine zu kleine Antriebsfrequenz bzw. in einer positiven Abweichung für eine zu hohe Antriebsfrequenz.at Gas pressure pulsators will be the measurement signal obtained the pressure curve in the gas pressure line. The amplitude This pressure fluctuations has a maximum at resonance of the fluid on and the phase shift relative to the drive is about 90 °. deviations from the state of resonance are expressed in a reduction of the amplitude and in a reduction of the Phase angle for too small a drive frequency or in a positive deviation for one too high drive frequency.

Beispiel 2Example 2

3 zeigt eine mittels Kraftsensor gesteuerte Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. 3 shows a controlled by force sensor device for carrying out the method.

Bei Antrieb durch eine Schüttelmaschine wird die Kraftübertragung zwischen Behälter und Befestigung durch eine Federwaage mit Dehnungsmessstreifen gemessen und entsprechend Beispiel 1 zur Frequenzregelung der Schüttelmaschine ausgewertet.at Drive through a shaker is the power transmission between containers and fixed by a spring balance with strain gauges and according to Example 1 for frequency control of the shaker evaluated.

11

11
GasdruckpulsatorGasdruckpulsator
22
Drucksensorpressure sensor
33
Phasenvergleicherphase comparator
44
Positionssensorposition sensor
55
Antriebdrive

33

11
GasdruckpulsatorGasdruckpulsator
22
Kraftsensor aus elastischem Element mit Dehnungsmessstreifenforce sensor made of elastic element with strain gauges
33
Phasenvergleicherphase comparator
44
Positionssensor position sensor
55
Antriebdrive
66
Fundamentfoundation

Claims (6)

Verfahren zur automatischen Frequenz- und Phasenanpassung des Antriebs von Reaktoren für resonante Fluidschwingungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwingungen des Fluids oder einer fluidisierbaren Pulverschicht indirekt durch Auswertung der Übertragungskräfte zwischen dem Antrieb und dem schwingenden System erfasst werden und das gewonnene Signal zur Regelung der Antriebsfrequenz auf den Resonanzzustand benutzt wird.A method for automatic frequency and phase adjustment of the drive of reactors for resonant fluid vibrations, characterized in that the vibrations of the fluid or a fluidizable powder layer are indirectly detected by evaluating the transmission forces between the drive and the oscillating system and the signal obtained to control the drive frequency the resonance state is used. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sensoren zur Erfassung des Schwingungszustands außerhalb des Reaktors angebracht sind.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the sensors detect the state of vibration outside of the reactor are attached. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung der Fluidschwingungen in pneumatisch angetriebenen Schwingern, wie Pulsationsreaktoren, der Druckverlauf oder die Geschwindigkeit des Gases in der Zuleitung analysiert wird.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that for detecting the fluid vibrations in pneumatically driven Oscillators, such as pulsation reactors, the pressure curve or the speed of the gas in the supply line is analyzed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trägheitskräfte des schwingenden Fluids in der Aufhängung des Reaktors zur Erfassung des Schwingungszustandes herangezogen werden.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the inertial forces of the oscillating fluid in the suspension used of the reactor for detecting the vibration state become. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelung auf eine durch die Art des Sensors und den Ort der Messung definierte Phasenlage ausgerichtet wird.Method according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized that the scheme is based on one by the type of sensor and the location the measurement defined phase position is aligned. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsfrequenz auf eine maximale Amplitude der erfassten Fluidschwingungen geregelt wird.Method according to Claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized that the drive frequency to a maximum amplitude of the detected Fluid vibrations is regulated.
DE102005012834A 2005-03-19 2005-03-19 Automatic frequency and phase tuning for the drive unit of a resonant fluid vibration reactor comprises measuring the vibrations of a fluid or fluidized powder indirectly Withdrawn DE102005012834A1 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008011005A1 (en) 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Matschiner, Barbara, Dr. Method for producing ammonia from solution containing ammonium nitrogen for producing nitrogenous compounds like nitric acid, urea, nitrogen fertilizers, and for pre-products of plastics, involves pulse impressing solution
EP3067573A3 (en) * 2015-02-19 2017-01-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of dampening pressure pulsations in a working fluid within a conduit
CN109723701A (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-07 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 A small volume cavity oil source pressure pulsation excitation device

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008011005A1 (en) 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Matschiner, Barbara, Dr. Method for producing ammonia from solution containing ammonium nitrogen for producing nitrogenous compounds like nitric acid, urea, nitrogen fertilizers, and for pre-products of plastics, involves pulse impressing solution
EP3067573A3 (en) * 2015-02-19 2017-01-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of dampening pressure pulsations in a working fluid within a conduit
US9829139B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2017-11-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of dampening pressure pulsations in a working fluid within a conduit
US10495075B2 (en) 2015-02-19 2019-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method of dampening pressure pulsations in a working fluid within a conduit
CN109723701A (en) * 2017-10-27 2019-05-07 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 A small volume cavity oil source pressure pulsation excitation device

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8181 Inventor (new situation)

Inventor name: MATSCHINER, HERMANN, PROF. DR., 06114 HALLE, DE

Inventor name: BRIESOVSKY, JOHANNES, PROF. DR., 06217 MERSEBURG,

Inventor name: RUETTINGER,HANS-HERMANN, DR.HABIL.,06118 HALLE, D

Inventor name: RICHTER, THOMAS, 06114 HALLE, DE

R005 Application deemed withdrawn due to failure to request examination

Effective date: 20120320