DE102005001570A1 - Shaped body for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of mineral fiber insulation materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a molding, in particular as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, especially rockwool, consisting of a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction, wherein the carbon-containing fraction has a maximum particle size of 50 mm having. In order to create a generic molded article which does not have the disadvantages of the known from the prior art moldings and in particular has a high strength in terms of abrasion and breakage, it is provided that at least 50% by mass of the carbonaceous fraction has a particle size of 25 mm so that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer ingredients with a grain size of 25 mm fill the interstices, and wherein the carbonaceous fraction and the binder have a packing density> = 1250 kg / m x 3.

Description

The Invention relates to a molding, in particular as a primary energy source for production a mineral melt to be fiberized for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool, consisting of a a binder bound fine-grained and carbonaceous Fraction, wherein the carbonaceous fraction has a maximum particle size of 50 mm having.

at the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers glassy solidified mineral fibers with low Amounts of mostly organic binders to elastic-resilient insulation materials connected in the form of plates and / or sheets, the plates usually separated from an endless track of mineral fibers become. As a binder, for example, in thermally stable insulating materials organically modified silanes, water glass or phosphate binders used.

Become commercially usual insulation materials distinguished from glass wool or rock wool. An essential differentiator between these two types of insulation is their different temperature resistance. Due to their chemical composition, glass wool insulation melts already at temperatures <approx. 700 ° C, while so-called Stone wool insulation have a melting point according to DIN 4102 Part 17 of> 1000 ° C.

insulation materials made of rock wool exclusively made from rocks such as diabase or basalt, with limestone and / or dolomite may be added as corrective adjuncts can. These surcharges can also completely or partly by blast furnace slag and / or other slags be replaced from the iron industry.

One additional starting material for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers represents so-called slag wool, the basic blast furnace slag smelted with silicate correction surcharges become. These slag wools meet the criteria according to DIN 4102 Part 17.

raw materials for the Production of insulation materials made of mineral fibers are scarcer in recent years and in particular become more expensive. The manufacturers of these insulating materials are therefore also and waste laws calling for alternative sources of raw materials. Waste materials in various industries can be considered as so-called Secondary raw Materials in the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers, in particular in the production of insulating materials be used from mineral fibers.

The Raw materials for the production of insulation materials from mineral fibers are preferably with high quality foundry coke melted as a primary energy source in cupola furnaces. cupolas are on their inner walls smoothly formed shaft furnaces with over their Height constant Inner diameters of about 0.9 m to about 2.5 m and heights of about 4 m to about 6 m. As input material, the to be melted and to be fibrillated raw materials and a primary energy carrier filled in the cupola, usually Coke as a primary energy source with a proportion of about 12 to about 17% by mass. used of the feed becomes. The raw materials have diameters of about 80 mm to about 200 mm up. Regarding the sizes and Particle size distribution of raw materials and coke, a narrow grain spectrum is sought, around the flow resistance the bed keep low.

The Feedstock from raw materials and coke is periodically poured over a Gattierungsanlage in as possible even distribution poured into the cupola.

Both the raw materials and the coke are very rough and therefore have no regular shapes, so that the pore volume and the pore sizes in the bed are constantly changing. To give an idea of the proportions of the two main components in the bed, it is assumed that idealized spherical bodies with diameters of 120 mm in each case: In a mass fraction as coke with a density of 1,900 kg / m ³ trained energy carrier of 12% and one as Rock with a density of 3,000 kg / m ³ formed raw material thus five rock bodies come on one energy source. Due to the considerable differences in the specific gravity of the energy carrier and the raw material, the coke particles are easily pushed away from the heavier rock particles during the aggregation. This results in separations of the feed material, in which the rock particles are separated from the raw material. As a result, the melting process is adversely affected, as far as these separations lead to an almost complete separation of the feed. These separations can be compensated within narrow limits by increasing the grain size of the primary energy source.

For the melting process, a supply of air is required, which is injected over approximately 4 to 20, evenly distributed over the circumference of the shaft furnace arranged wind shapes with pressures up to about 10 kPa in countercurrent to the cupola. The cupola has upper furnace areas where a slight negative pressure is created and maintained becomes.

The Gattierungsanlage is closed the cupola from the top down and allows a controlled discharge of Exhaust gases containing, inter alia, CO gas. The exhaust gases become one fed downstream cleaning and post-combustion plant, so that the energy content of the exhaust gases in a subsequent combustion chamber used and harmful at the same time Compounds, for example by oxidation or destruction in less or harmless Connections are converted. The for the subsequent combustion required energy is supplied for example in the form of natural gas. Of the The energy content of the heated exhaust gases is in each case via heat exchangers both for preheating the Exhaust gases in front of the combustion chamber, but essentially for heating the supplied Used air. The air is usually in combination with exhaust gas cleaning systems to temperatures around 600 ° C, through additional Heating devices up to a maximum of approx. 800 ° C heated. A resulting hot blast can additionally with Oxygen are enriched. In many cases, however, oxygen nozzles become direct distributed in a combustion plane on the circumference of the cupola arranged. These oxygen nozzles can act continuously or pulsed by regular opening and closing act on the primary energy sources. The oxygen nozzles can be arranged on slidable lances.

Of the Primary energy source burns in the area of the bottom of the cupola. The burning ends in one Zone about 0.5 m above the tuyeres. In this, temperatures of> 1500 ° C Zone the oxygen of the combustion air is used up. Above this zone closes an area of low altitude, for example, <1 m, in which a temperature of up to about 1000 ° C is reached. It is basically advantageous the range of high and very high temperatures above the tuyeres a low altitude to limit so-called upper fire.

By the high temperatures melt above at a height of up to 1 m the wind forms arranged rocks on and give their Energy content in the area above this zone to that in this Area arranged feed material, so that the components of the be pre-heated after slipping.

The as lumpy Raw materials used rocks and / or slags may at increased Temperatures soften as little as plastic, as the energy carrier, there as a result, the flow resistance the bed elevated and the melting rate would be drastically reduced. As a result, the Add cupola. The constituents of the bed must therefore at least up to Temperatures of about 1000 ° C dimensionally stable be.

The above described temperature distribution in the cupola sets therefore lethargic reactive energy sources advance, which only after reaching a certain temperature level burn down. Fuels like hard coal and lignite, which are at low Temperatures many volatile Give off ingredients and thus favor upper fire, as here in principle not considered suitable; the same applies to coke varieties, as for example for used the house fire.

As a result of the Boudouard reaction C _(s) + CO _{2 (g)} → CO _(g) about 30% of the iron oxides contained in the rocks are reduced to metallic iron and collected as a molten pig iron melt on the bottom of the cupola, so this mostly two - Drained until three times a day through a closable opening in a bottom flap or here existing refractory lining.

The be described above Kupolöfen also because of the necessary cleaning of the downstream production facilities mostly down to the weekly rhythm, with the remaining Content of the cupola, consisting of the melt and more or less fused or burnt components of the feed through the open to it Bottom flap can be removed.

On the molten pig iron floats the specifically lighter, silicate formed melt, in which, among other things, ash components of the primary energy source melted down are. Through one between the tuyeres and the bottom of the cupola located, designed as a siphon spout is the height of up at about 1550 ° C heated silicate melt kept constant and in one largely uniform mass flow passed to a decoupling apparatus downstream of the cupola.

When Defibering device can For example, cascade shredding machines may be used. But it is also a nozzle-blow process known in which the melt over Blown nozzles and is fiberized. Both the nozzle-blow process, as well when using cascade fiberizing machines In addition to the mineral fibers and considerable amounts of non-fibrous Particles generated in accordance with the mineral fibers after cooling in glass form. The coarser ones this often spherical and columnar particles may be from the mass of mineral fibers be separated. Nevertheless, such manufactured insulation materials about 25 to 30 mass% non-fibrous particles <125 μm.

The Mineral fibers are discharged from the fiberizing device after exiting on a conveyor as an endless insulation web stored. This insulation sheet is processed in subsequent processing stations, for example, folded and / or compressed. Further, the edges become the insulation web longitudinal trimmed.

at the trimming the endless insulation web and, through the production of scrap as well as by the withdrawal damaged insulation materials fall larger amounts of waste at. The internal wastes are broken and ground and in this form with fine to medium-grained rocks, waste, Recyclables or other additives and mixed with binders and to moldings pressed. Suitable waste or recycling materials, here to so-called secondary raw materials are processed, for example, blast furnace or steelworks slag and / or Slags from the coal-fired power plants in Form so-called melt chamber granules. Other additives may include alumina carriers, such as for example, calcined raw bauxite or processed slag, dross and dusts from the aluminum industry. As a binder are mostly hydraulic hardening Binders, such as Portland cements, in particular finely ground high-strength Types of Portland cements, high-hydraulic limescale and / or latent hydraulic substances, such as calcined sewage sludge, ashes of carcass disposal, Residues from Desulphurisation of moving grate boiler for paper burning with appropriate stimulators, such as quick lime.

The moldings can up to approx. 45% by mass of insulation waste, but because of their water-repellent properties, in particular the with mineral oils impregnated surfaces the mineral fibers no solid compounds with the binders the molded body so that the proportion of binders must be increased to storage and transportable, in particular free-flowing shaped body too receive.

Farther have to relatively coarse, although absolutely fine-grained rock or slag components <10 mm are used as a supporting grain. As a result, on the one hand, the required amount of binders about 10 to about 20% by weight of Portland cement or equivalent binder limited to one economic level and preserved on the other the moldings a sufficient total, in particular a sufficient edge strength.

The aim is a compressive strength ≥ 0.8 N / mm ² , but preferably> 1 N / mm ^{2 of} the moldings. The moldings are therefore densified to densities of about 1,200 to about 2,000 kg / m ³ , preferably to densities of about 1,450 to about 1,700 kg / m ³ .

The moldings contain organic ingredients, especially in the form of very finely distributed organic. Binders already at relative low temperatures are pyrolyzed, so their energy content for the actual melting process in the cupola furnace is not directly usable, but in the flue gas cleaning plants or the coupled with it Heating systems for heating the combustion air with corresponding increases in efficiency at least the overall system is preserved.

The porous moldings interspersed with microcracks easily absorb water, so they are against rainfall and thus be protected against exposure to low temperatures should. The drying of the moldings takes place under atmospheric Conditions, albeit preferably under protective roofs. The warming and evaporation of the proportion of free water in moldings below normal storage conditions of the order of about 7 to 15 Mass% and the expulsion by hydration of cement minerals bound water of crystallization requires appropriate amounts added Coke or other energy sources. Although the steam formation can heat transfer in the upper areas improve the cupola, but also has undesirable side effects on the Gas household. The water vapor loads downstream thermal Air purification systems.

In the practical implementation are for pressing the moldings relatively dry masses widespread in the building materials industry Concrete paving stone presses used. Because of the higher positional stability of plaster and for visual reasons have concrete paving stones often a hexagonal len cross-section on, the distance between the parallel side surfaces to each other and the height the concrete paving stones is about 100 mm.

Shape, height and weight correspondingly shaped body are for one thing for the treatment in the existing conveyor and storage facilities suitable and affect the other not unfavorable to the flow resistance the bed in the cupola oven. The individual weights of the moldings are also similar to the coke particles, so that avoid separations in the bed to let.

The moldings should not differ significantly in terms of their melting behavior from the coarse-grained homogeneous natural rocks and thus not at elevated temperatures soften plastically or form melting eutectics at low temperatures. Both can be desirable as a local phenomenon within the moldings.

The moldings are the cupola mostly together with coarse fractions of the bed and the equivalent dimensioned primary energy source coke given up. The moldings can be a cube shape with edge lengths from, for example, 80 mm to about 150 mm or in corresponding brick formats, For example, normal format or double format to DIN 105 be formed. Larger moldings require generally longer and thus, from an economic point of view, often too long drying times.

There is also while the oven trip the danger that in the dehydration of in the cement matrix-containing hydrosilicates, aluminates and ferroaluminates released water vapor in a too dense and thus little permeable Heap the shaped body too early would blow up from the inside. It would in particular the fine-grained constituents blown out of the furnace through the combustion air or flue gases become.

For the production of insulating materials made of mineral fibers also produced on roll presses, bound with polysaccharides Bulk existing moldings be suitable, but their share of the furnace charge but clearly is limited while cement-bonded moldings with suitable compositions, natural rocks almost completely as Part of a bed can substitute.

Of the to be used as a primary energy source solid Hochtemperaturkoks, in particular the example mentioned foundry coke is common and in particular in the required grain classes scarce and therefore relatively expensive and above In addition, it is exposed to strong price fluctuations on the world market.

Out For this reason, try at least part of this coke by suitable carbonaceous waste from other industries, in particular by replacing, for example, low-ash petroleum coke. Petroleum coke is used for used the cathodic lining as well as for the anodes of aluminum smelting furnaces. This applies analogously also for other lumpy carbonaceous Residues from coal distillation in the form of amorphous carbon to crystalline Graphite that is not volatile Contain more ingredients. Even ingredients with one Diameter between 50 mm and 80 mm can be accepted if their shares remain limited.

Further possible substitutes are described below:
Coke or other fine-grained carbonaceous residues with average particle diameters of about 0.2 to about 3 mm, which are low in volatile constituents, can be mixed in minor amounts together with other waste materials and binders, pressed into the already mentioned shaped bricks.

coke from lignite or hard coal, which is coked at around 500 ° C, can because of the high Content of volatile Components are not used directly. The release of gaseous Components including high volumes of steam, the swelling the coals at elevated temperatures and the decrease in strength occurring thereby also concludes the direct use of briquettes or lignites in briquetted or pelleted form.

Carbon bricks or equivalent masses are refractory building materials, which initially with Tar pitch be bound. At high temperatures are volatile conditions Expelled ingredients, so that broken particles of the refractory materials or an outbreak largely similar to coke and graphite particles can be treated.

With Tar bound alkaline dolomite, magnesia, or bound chromium-magnesia stones and Rammed earth contained after a smoldering of the volatile Ingredients the formed graphite in pores.

industrial pellets Made of conditioned natural biomass consist of wood and / or Mixtures with other renewable raw materials, such as peels, vegetable Residues. These Biomass, for example, as pellets with briquettes or other Moldings, with grain sizes up to about 30 mm pressed.

Black shales are sedimentary rocks. For example, Posidonia schist is named after Posidonia Bronni, which is considered to be the Leitfossil. Posidonia schists of the Lias formation in southern Germany can contain about 10% by mass, in some horizons up to 20% by mass of organic material, which in turn is 80-90% in the form of so-called kerogens. Kerogens are high molecular weight, at the same time high-polymer hydrocarbon compounds from which low-molecular substances with petroleum-like properties are formed on heating. At very high pressures, natural gas can also be formed in catalytic reactions. Due to the genesis, however, relatively high levels of pyrites are present. Organic components burn in miles of broken rocks in the form of a smoldering fire from, while leaking oil can be obtained. This form of oil extraction can also be done in shaft furnaces in which the burnup is controlled from top to bottom by a rectified guidance of the combustion air. These falsely referred to as oil shale limestone and marl are currently used for the production of Portlandölschieferzement. The rock is burned in fluidized bed ovens. The calorific value of the slate is given at an average content of organic matter of 11.2% by mass with about 3900 kJ / m ³ . By comparison, the calorific values of hard coal are approx. 29,300 kJ / kg, of brown coal approx. 8,000 kJ / kg. The finely milled burnout is latent-hydraulic to hydraulic and, after co-grinding with Portland cement clinker, gives a reddish-brown colored cement, the strength level of which, however, is lower than the normal Portland cements. Finely mined slate is burnt together with limestone, quartz sand and clay in the rotary kiln to cement clinker, which naturally here the sulfide content in the slate for the product are not detrimental. The finely ground burned-out rocks were used as strengthening additives in the manufacture of structural panels or aerated concrete.

refractory Building materials are made with water glasses or phosphate binders. Carbon-containing refractory building materials in the form of shaped bodies or Stapfmassen be bound with coal tar, the volatile Components either by a heating process or by careful Heating to be expelled at the place of use.

Out AT-PS 38 685 is a process for producing briquettes known as an additional fuel of mineral material suitable in the production of slag wool and coke and / or Coal particles and a hydraulic binder contain, wherein the briquettes contain at least 8% of the dry weight binder and the fine coke and / or coal particles contained in the briquettes a grain size of more have 2 mm and further as further constituents fine oxide-containing, mineral particles having a particle size of less than 2 mm. When Binder is Portland cement in an amount of 8 to 35% of the Dry weight of the briquette provided. The oxide-containing mineral Particles are made of the materials sand, slag, stone dust, fly ash, Limestone dust, dolomite dust, silicon dioxide, slag wool sawdust or any other waste materials from slag wool selected.

Furthermore, from the DE 195 25 022 A1 a heatable, solid shaped article and method for its production, the main components of which are coke particles and cement. The coke particles are formed by coke breeze.

The previously known shaped body but are only conditionally suitable for the replacement of the primary energy source or of the raw material, because their strength due to the materials used or the Mass fractions to an insufficiently abrasion-resistant or dimensionally stable moldings to lead. The invention is therefore based on the object, a generic molding create, the disadvantages of the known from the prior art moldings does not have and in particular over has high strength in terms of abrasion and breakage.

The solution provides for such a shaped body that at least 50% by mass of the carbonaceous fraction has a particle size ≤ 25 mm, so that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer components with a particle size ≤ 25 mm fill the gaps and wherein the carbonaceous fraction and the binder has a packing density ≥ 1,250 kg / m ³ .

The invention is therefore essentially characterized in that the carbon-containing fraction is subdivided into at least two particle size classes, of which a particle size class makes up at least 50% by mass, which has a particle size ≦ 25 mm and thus fills interspaces between the particles of the particle size class ≥ 25 mm are arranged. Here, the packing density of ≥ 1,250 kg / m ^{3 is} of importance, since this packing density is achieved by a pressing process in which, in conjunction with the particle size distribution, a molded body can be produced by its abrasion and dimensional stability for the stated purpose in particular Dimensions is suitable.

At the Breaking freshly produced coke produces about 50% by weight of fine-grained fractions on, but as fine-grained Ingredients for the operation of a cupola can not be used. Only through the inventive feature combination the fine-grained Fraction of coke or other solid carbonaceous Primary energy source, for example refractory outbreaks or anodic linings of smelting furnaces or Electrode material with coarser carbonaceous particles containing a scaffold for receiving the fine-grained fraction form, it is possible a pourable and Abriebarmen moldings to create, in particular, as a primary energy source for the production of mineral wool melts fit for use is.

Because the primary energy source in the fire long must be stable, provide a thermally stable binder. Surprisingly, it has been found that Portland cements including Portland oil shale cements, alumina cements and latent hydraulic substances with appropriate exciters can be used as binders for high temperature coke or graphite fractions. The selection of the binder also depends on the desired strength development of the moldings, the alumina cements very quickly develop sufficiently high strengths, which may justify their much higher price under certain circumstances.

Coke- and graphite particles with particle sizes <50 mm, preferably <25 mm are added intensively mixed with the hydraulic binders. The particle size distribution the carbonaceous fraction is chosen so that the coarser constituents Form scaffold, while the finer particles only as far as the interstices fill, that a sufficient Packing density and thus a stable molding results, but at the same time a certain permeability having. It is advantageous here, a carbon-containing fraction with a broad grain size spectrum different particle size classes to use and these in appropriate gradations and different To mix proportions in order to make the corresponding shaped body press.

Of the Mixing can be done in two stages, first by the carbonaceous Particles with Portland cement, optionally redispersible with addition Wetting agent and / or adhesion-promoting and strength-increasing redispersible Plastics are mixed before then mixing water in the next mixing stage added becomes. The cement content is about 12 to about 30 mass%, preferably <25 mass%.

The carbonaceous fraction is then pressed into shaped bodies. The bulk densities of these moldings are more than about 1250 kg / m ³ . By increasing the cement content, the bulk density can be increased.

As a result, provides a development of the invention that the carbonaceous Fraction fine-grained is formed and made of coke, graphite and / or carbon-containing Compounds, in particular refractory outbreaks or anodic Linings of smelting furnaces and / or preferably consumed electrode material.

It is therefore according to one further feature of the invention that the binder thermally stable and preferably made of Portland cement, Portland oil shale cement, High-alumina cements and / or latent hydraulic substances with stimulators, In particular, free lime-containing substances, such as hydrated lime or Cement exists.

According to the preceding Explanations is it is advantageous according to a further feature of the invention that the carbonaceous fraction and / or the binder redispersible Wetting agents, for example surface-active substances and / or adhesion-promoting and / or strength-increasing redispersible plastics, such as acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or copolymers.

The carbonaceous fraction is preferably 12 to 30 mass%, especially bonded with 15 to 25% by mass of binder, so that the excellent melting properties in the range of a cupola furnace in this shaped body remain.

To Another feature of the invention is that in addition the carbonaceous fraction and the binder a supporting grain with a grain size of less than 25 mm, in particular less than 10 mm in a proportion of less than 30% by mass is included. According to a development of this Feature is provided that the support grain off for the generation a mineral melt to be fiberized for the production of Insulating materials Mineral fibers, in particular of rock wool, suitable rock and / or consists of secondary raw materials. This embodiment provides as far as possible residue-free melting certainly, with components of the primary energy source go into the melt and contribute to the formation of mineral fibers.

For the production inventive molding is Coke is suitable in that its proportion to <30% by mass of the Foundry cheese or of graphite or a mixture of both, can remain limited and the scaffold made of solid dense Hochtemperaturkoks or graphite, optionally supplemented by support grain from rocks or comparable secondary substances.

Because of the aspired homogeneity of moldings and the distribution of the binder, for example, the cubic shaped body edge lengths about 300 mm. Be advantageous edge lengths of about 200 to 250 mm proved because the moldings at such edge lengths still are sufficiently dimensionally stable and under the influence of temperature do not disintegrate in the cupola.

According to the invention, the shaped body can be provided with a layer of a binder, in particular a thin layer of a cement paste to be coated. This layer behaves on the impact of the molding substantially tough elastic and tends only in the immediate deformation area to flake off. When heating the moldings, both the water vapor and the coking organic components can escape without unfolding explosive effects. The layer of cement paste on the shaped body also prevents or prevents the oxidation of the primary energy carrier by the carbon dioxide CO ₂ formed during the reduction of the iron oxides. The thin layer of cement paste may be reinforced by additions of ground mineral fibers together with the comminuted non-fibrous particles optionally contained therein. Their proportion is limited with respect to the binder to a maximum of 20% by mass, but preferably <8% by mass.

With Help a reinforced Layer on the molding, Above all, the responsiveness of the Primary energy source be delayed, so that the burning takes place in deeper areas of the cupola and the emergence of upper fire is at least mitigated. To can the molding later are dipped in a suitable binder-containing slurry or sprayed on these sludges.

The Binder is preferably fully or partially in a thin layer on the shaped body arranged.

To A further development is envisaged that the binder of waterglass, Phosphate binder, phosphate cement as a mixture of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and / or organically modified silanes. In particular the binder as a coating in a carbon-containing fraction of high-temperature coke, petroleum coke, Pechkoks and / or graphite provided.

Around a shaped bodies with high strength and good combustion behavior it is envisaged that the carbonaceous fraction with the binder and the optionally present supporting grain and / or optionally existing coating as a filling in a viable and / or temperature resistant Sheath is arranged.

The in this way bound with hydraulic binders carbonaceous Fraction can thus be treated with feedstock, i. the desired melt forming masses together form a shaped body. This can be special shapes of the moldings from the primary energy source and the raw material advantageous to affect the melting process. such Shapes will be described below. The moldings can also from natural Rocks and / or other secondary raw materials, if appropriate with shares of primary energy sources and consist of suitable binders.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the Sheath has a cavity with a volume that is larger as the volume of the filling, which comprises the carbon-containing fraction, wherein the volume ratio of a proportion of carbon-containing fraction, when heated volatile components dependent is. By this configuration, damage or destruction of the sheath by an expansion of the filling and / or avoided by gas pressure.

Preferably is the filling arranged in briquetted form or as a bed in the shell is.

To Another feature of the invention is that the sheath at least in some areas an air permeability for the controlled degassing the filling has to avoid excessive pressure in the sheath. Such a pressure could to damage or destruction lead the sheath, so that a controlled release of energy or a controlled melting of the raw material is not possible is.

A Development of the invention provides that the sheath off a rock fraction, in particular for the generation of a fiber to be fibrillated mineral melt for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, preferably from rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials which are bound with hydraulic binders. These Embodiment provides a shaped body ready, both as a primary energy source, as a also as a commodity carrier serves.

Farther it is provided that the casing has an outer circumferential surface, on which a especially fine-grained Rocks and / or mineral fiber-containing coating layer of hydraulic Binders is arranged.

The Sheath has according to a further feature an opening on, which can be closed with a lid. In this embodiment is a separate production of casing and filling possible, the subsequently be connected to each other. It can therefore be different Fillings in the sheaths are inserted to meet different requirements to consider the melting process.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the casing of haufwerkporigem mortar and / or concrete with aggregates consists of rocks, slags and / or mineral fibers, wherein the aggregates are bound with hydraulically hardening binders, in particular with Portland cement. Such a trained sheath has a high abrasion resistance and is particularly suitable for the pouring of a cupola furnace.

alternative can be provided that the hydraulically hardening binder partially by hydraulically setting or latently hydraulic secondary raw materials or by latently hydraulic pozzolans, tufts with exciters, in particular free lime-containing substances, such as Kallkhydrat or Cement, are substituted.

When Advantageously, a geometry of the casing has been found at the sheathing a length and / or has a diameter whose ratio to one another is 1: 1, preferably 1.2: 1 to 2.5: 1.

Around an advantageous orientation of the molded body to be poured in To achieve cupola, wherein the moldings in the intended manner are arranged in the cupola, it is provided that the sheath has a center of gravity that is off center on the longitudinal axis of the molding is arranged.

Of the full and solid inclusion of the filling in the sheath is achieved by that preferably from a material conforming to the material of the sheath material formed Cover after filling the filling is pressed with the same.

A Further development of this embodiment provides that the sheath has a recess which serves to receive the lid.

to Control of the melting process, it is advantageously provided the cover has at least one predetermined breaking point at which the lid breaks at a certain pressure.

Farther for targeted control of the melting process serves the advantageous Feature that the sheath has at least two chambers for holding different fillings having.

at This configuration may be provided that the chambers through a wall of ground mineral fibers and / or of the material the sheath coinciding cement-bonded molding compounds are separated.

Preferably it is provided that the chambers are divided transversely to the longitudinal axis of the casing are. Furthermore, the invention can be further developed in that the sheath by parallel to the longitudinal axis extending webs is divided into individual chambers.

to Regulation of the gas pressure in the casing can according to a be provided further feature of the invention, that the sheath in Region of a wall has a perforated disc or at least one opening over which volatiles can escape.

To Another feature of the invention is that the filling and / or the sheath are rotationally symmetrical. This has it proved to be particularly advantageous that the filling and / or the sheath a cylindrical or prismatic cross-section as well preferably a domed one until hemispherical face and one of the face opposite arranged footprint to have. Both the storage, as well as the orientation of the moldings in Cupolas are hereby influenced in a particularly advantageous manner.

Finally is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the filling and / or the Sheath have the shape of a rhombic Disphenoiden.

For the production of the molding and in particular the sheath and the molded body may instead of hydraulically binding substances also waterglass, phosphate binders, phosphate cements as mixtures of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and organically modified Silanes as binders, preferably in conjunction with high-temperature coke; petroleum coke; Pitch coke or graphite are used, which have solid surfaces.

The increased surface layer the described, as a filling forms usable molding the transition to the sustainable and temperature resistant Shell, where the shell and the filling in the sense of small reactors to understand are. These small reactors can be next to coals pretreated at high temperatures, in particular containing primary energy sources, in the warming volatile Release substances and inflate. Such reactions are in the design of the sheathing body and the respective degree of filling consider.

Due to the intensification of energy transfer to the raw material particles, the volatile constituents released can significantly intensify the melting process or replace part of the primary energy carriers in the furnace bed. The energy-containing volatiles are removed in the upper part of the cupola and in a burned downstream combustion chamber. The energy content ultimately serves to preheat the combustion air.

In this sheath can different primary energy sources than Moldings, introduced in bonded, for example in briquetted form or as a fine-grained bed become. For the binding of moldings, which are to be used in the sheathing come next to the already mentioned inorganic and organic binders naturally fine coal in the briquetting or coal tar pitch in question. Farther can Polysaccharides, molasses can be used.

Further Advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following Description of the associated Drawing, in the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. In the drawing show:

1 a first embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

2 A second embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

3 a third embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

4 a fourth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional top view shown;

5 a fifth embodiment of a shaped body in side view;

6 the molding according to 5 in plan view;

7 a sixth embodiment of a shaped body in side view;

8th the molding according to 7 in plan view;

9 a seventh embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

10 an eighth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view;

11 a ninth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view;

12 the molding according to 11 in plan view;

13 a tenth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view shown;

14 the molding according to 13 in plan view;

15 an eleventh embodiment of a shaped body in plan view;

16 a twelfth embodiment of a shaped body in plan view;

17 the molding according to 16 in sectioned side view along the section line VXII-XVII in 16 ;

18 the molding according to 16 in sectioned side view along the section line VXIII-XVIII in 16 ;

19 a thirteenth embodiment of a shaped body in plan view;

20 the molding according to 19 in sectional side view along the section line XX-XX in 19 and

21 A fourteenth embodiment of a shaped body in a sectional side view.

1 shows a shaped body 1 , which is used as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool. The molded body 1 consists of a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction. The carbonaceous fraction has a maximum grain size of 50 mm, wherein at least half of the carbonaceous fraction has a particle size ≤ 25 mm. In the molding 1 It is envisaged that the coarser constituents of the carbonaceous fraction form a supporting framework not shown in detail, while the finer components with a particle size of 25 mm fill the gaps in the scaffold. The carbonaceous fraction and the binder have a packing density of 1,250 kg / m ³ .

The molded body 1 is round in cross-section and has at one end 2 a conical section 3 ,

1 also shows a jacket 4 holding a recording room 5 in which the molded body 1 is fully inserted, so that Innenwandungsflä chen 6 of the recording room 5 as full as possible on the outer wall 7 of the molding 1 issue.

The jacket 4 is cylindrical and has a peripheral wall 8th and one transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wall 8th extending ground 9 on. The floor 9 has one opposite the wall 8th increased material thickness and also has a conical recess 10 on that according to the conical section 3 of the molding 1 is trained. Between the free ends of the wall 8th is a lid 11 arranged, the reception room 5 above the shaped body 1 closes. The molded body 1 thus provides a filling 12 represents.

The jacket 4 consists of rock fractions and / or secondary raw materials which are produced in the production of mineral fiber insulating materials in the course of the manufacturing process, such as sections, faulty products or the like. Furthermore, such secondary raw materials may also be available in the course of recycling demolished mineral fiber insulating materials.

The jacket 4 has a high mechanical and thermal stability with high air permeability. The rock fractions and / or secondary raw materials are bound together by hydraulic binders.

The air permeability of the jacket 4 allows a controlled degassing of itself within the receiving space 5 located, the filling 12 representing shaped body 1 , which serves as an energy carrier in a melting process in a cupola, not shown.

The controlled degassing of the molding 1 takes place over the wall 8th , the lid 11 and the floor 9 , This prevents that possibly under the influence of temperature expansive molded body 1 the jacket 4 subjected to elevated gas pressure, causing damage to the sheathing 4 comes. A regulated gas pressure inside the casing 4 For example, the expansion pressure of coal, low-temperature coke or other fuels is used to support the sheathing 4 , The strength of the sheath 4 can therefore be reduced to the order sheathing 4 form such air permeable, that a delayed energy release of the molding 1 is possible.

In addition, the sheath 4 on the wall 8th , the floor 9 and / or the lid 11 have a thin layer of a hydraulic binder, not shown. This hydraulic binder can be reinforced by fine-grained rock fractions or secondary raw materials, namely in particular waste fibers. Such a layer may be by dipping or spraying the jacket 4 be applied.

The jacket 4 is pressed as a unilaterally open body. Subsequently, the shaped body 1 in the body of the sheath 4 used and the sheath 4 through the lid 11 locked.

The lid 11 has a lead all around 13 on, in a correspondingly formed recess 14 in the inner wall surface 6 the sheath 4 intervenes. The recess 14 For example, it may be formed as an undercut, which in the region of an upper edge of the casing 4 is introduced with a friction screw press.

In addition to the above materials, the sheath 4 also consist of haufwerkporigem mortar or concrete, with aggregates of rocks, slags and mineral fiber waste and hydraulically hardening binder, such as Portland cements can be provided. The hydraulically setting binders can be at least partially substituted by hydraulically setting or latent-hydraulic secondary raw materials, respectively latent-hydraulic pozzolans or tufts with corresponding exciters, if a sufficiently long storage time for hardening is granted.

As stated above, the wall is 8th formed with a smaller wall thickness than the bottom 9 , The material thickness of the lid 11 corresponds to the material thickness of the wall 8th , Basically, the wall thickness to the required strength of the molding 1 and the sheath 4 matched, in particular the transport and storage of the combination of moldings 1 and sheath 4 as well as the stresses during the kiln journey must be considered. The design of the floor 9 with the conical depression 10 in combination with the conical section 3 of the molding 1 as well as the high packing density causes the combination of sheathing 4 and shaped bodies 1 aligns in particular in the bed in the not shown cupola in the desired manner, so that the combination of moldings 1 and sheath 4 essentially in the 1 Alignment is arranged in the bed.

In the 1 illustrated combination of molded body 1 and sheath 4 has a relationship from length to diameter of 1: 1. By changing this ratio up to 2.5: 1, the above-described effects with regard to alignment in the cupola furnace can be further improved.

The shaped body described and illustrated above 1 , which may consist of a primary energy source, such as coke or other carbon-containing fraction is preformed and pressed. But it is also possible, the primary energy source or another carbon-containing fraction in several stages as a loose bed up to a certain height in the casing 4 to fill and to press there. Of course, it is alternatively also possible, the primary energy carrier or the carbon-containing fraction completely in the sheath 4 to pour and then to press, before in both cases the lid 11 characterized in that a mortar / concrete mixture of one with the sheath 4 finally filled with matching composition and with the primary energy source or the carbon-containing fraction and the sheath 4 is pressed. The lid 11 Alternatively, one of the sheath 4 have different composition. By the procedure described above, all components are compressed to the possible and desired by the nature of the materials and their grain size distribution density.

The recess 14 at the top of the casing 4 is particularly advantageous if the lid 11 from one compared to the wall 8th or soil 9 low permeable molding compound or a pourable and finally strongly shrinking mass is formed. Due to the positive connection between the lid 11 and the sheath 4 will prevent the lid 11 at the different stresses during storage, transport and loading of the cupola from the shell 4 is disconnected. The lid 11 can also be dimensioned such that it tears under thermal loads, namely at too high an internal pressure, but not from its anchoring in the sheath 4 fall out. In this regard, the lid 11 have a predetermined breaking point, not shown. The lid 11 prevents such falling out of the molding 1 or a comparable bed of the casing 4 ,

The combination of the molded body 1 and the sheath 4 represents a so-called small reactor whose energy output is matched to the temperature distribution curve over the height of the cupola. The volatile constituents of the molding 1 become only after sufficient heating of the sheathing 4 and preferably over the ground 9 and the wall 8th issued. As a result, they are first burned in a region of the cupola furnace in which there is an excess of oxygen, so that a more complete combustion can take place. The advantage here is a reduction of the free water in the molding 1 as well as in the sheath 4 ,

In addition to the above-mentioned energy sources coal, coke, graphite, activated carbon or soot can also wood waste, bark, waste wood, chips and dusts from wood and paper processing, chipboard chips and shreds, paper shreds, peanut shells, cotton stalks in briquetted form as a shaped body 1 or stuffing 12 be used.

In 2 is a second embodiment of a shaped body 1 illustrated, which is formed in two parts and having portions, wherein between the sections of the shaped body 1 a separation layer 15 is arranged, which is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the casing 4 extends and to the inner wall surface 6 the sheath 4 followed. The two sections of the molding 1 passing through the separating layer 15 are separated from each other, may be identical or different. This applies in particular with regard to the composition of the primary energy carrier or an alternative carbon-containing fraction.

Furthermore, in 2 unlike 1 a deviating designed lid 11 can be seen, which is formed in cross-section substantially T-shaped, so that the lid on an end face 16 the Wall 8th the sheath 4 rests while a with the inner diameter of the casing 4 matching section 17 sealing in the receiving space 5 the sheath 4 intervenes.

In addition to a frictional connection of the lid 11 with the wall 8th the sheath 4 can also be a positive connection according to 1 be provided, in which case a corresponding projection 13 and a corresponding recess 14 in the inner wall surface 6 or the lid 11 are integrated.

The molded body 1 may consist of a pelletized, briquetted or otherwise compressed energy carrier and stretched by broken kerogen containing slate and / or milled insulation waste and thus be slowed down in its reactivity. A similar effect is through the release layer 15 scored, which the shaped body 1 divided into two sections. The separation layer 15 thus results in a combination of a shaped body 1 and a jacket 4 in which the sheath 4 has a multi-chamber structure.

In addition to the in 2 illustrated embodiment, it is possible, the receiving space 5 the sheath 4 also subdivide into other chambers. It is in this regard on the 4 referenced, which has a polygonal cross-section casing 4 has, their receiving space 5 by right-angled partition walls 18 is divided into four chambers, each one part of a shaped body 1 take up. The individual parts of the molding 1 may in turn be identical or different, in particular different compositions of the individual parts of the molding 1 can be provided.

3 shows a further embodiment of a in a sheath 4 arranged shaped body 1 , wherein it can be seen that, unlike the embodiment according to 1 the floor 9 as a perforated plate with degassing openings 19 trained and positively in an opening of the sheath 4 is used. For this purpose, the ground points 9 in the area of its edge a circumferential projection 20 on, in a corresponding recess 21 the Wall 8th intervenes. The lead 20 and the recess 21 are formed semicircular in cross section to the insertion of the soil 9 in the sheath 4 to facilitate.

In addition to the degassing openings 19 in the bottom is another vent 19 in the lid 11 arranged, the design of which moreover with the lid 11 according to 2 matches. The degassing opening 19 in the lid 11 is arranged centrically. It can be seen that in the lid 11 and in the ground 9 Centric arranged degassing 19 are conical and form the body 1 constrict. In contrast, those are in the ground 9 eccentrically arranged degassing openings are cylindrical. About the degassing openings 19 is a defined degassing of the molding 1 possible to reduce the gas pressure inside the jacket 4 to regulate. The above-described and in the sheath 4 arranged moldings 1 will be explained in more detail below, as far as this molding 1 of course also without sheathing 4 as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool is used.

The previously described and mentioned raw materials, as well as the coke have due to their respective internal structure and the applied treatment process irregular forms. The raw and secondary raw materials which form the melt and the primary energy sources can be completely or substantially in the form of moldings 1 be introduced into the cupola. The shape of these individual melt-containing moldings 1 and the energy-carrying moldings 1 can be different in shape, size, weight and strength, with a vote on each other is possible. Here, the shape of the cupola, the distribution of the shaped body plays 1 in the oven, the transport of moldings 1 to the oven and the feed an essential role. The farm body 1 In this case, they are mechanically stressed and should in particular be designed to be resistant to abrasion and breakage.

In the 5 and 6 is a shaped body 1 in a side view ( 5 ) and in a plan view ( 6 ). The molded body 1 is formed double-truncated pyramidal and consists of a primary energy source. The molded body 1 has a cuboid middle region 22 with square base on. On both sides of the middle area 22 are truncated pyramidal elements 23 arranged, wherein a truncated pyramidal element 23 from a primary energy source and the further truncated pyramidal element 23 may consist of a melt-forming substance.

The truncated pyramidal elements 23 have square faces 24 ,

Notwithstanding the illustrated embodiment, the molded body 1 also have a central region in the form of a circular disk, wherein the elements 23 then may be frusto-conical.

The molded body 1 according to the 5 and 6 represents a simple geometric shape, with which hybrid forms can be realized by bound energy carriers are associated with melt-forming substances.

In the 7 and 8th are further embodiments of a rotationally symmetrical shaped body 1 shown. Compared to the embodiment according to the 5 and 6 are the elements 23 formed with concave surfaces. In particular in 8th is to realize that the elements 23 have a round or polygonal cross-section, but in each case up to an end face 24 extend. By this configuration, the edge regions of the shaped body 1 formed with increased edge strength. The molded body 1 can complement a running parallel to the longitudinal axis opening 25 have the degassing of the molding 1 or flow through the molding 1 serves.

In addition, the concave surfaces of the elements also serve 23 the improvement of the degassing and flow through a arranged in a cupola not shown bed of moldings 1 , as by the concave surfaces be dense concern be neighboring molding 1 not possible.

In 9 is a shaped body 1 cylindrical embodiment shown, which has a central portion 26 has, which is designed as einschaliger Rotationshyperboloid. On both sides of the middle section 26 is a circular disk section 27 arranged, the material thickness of the disc sections 27 may be identical or different, for example, an orientation of the shaped body 1 in the introduction of the molding 1 as a fill in the cupola cause.

A simple embodiment of a shaped body 1 is in 10 shown. This is a shaped body 1 with round or polygonal cross section, wherein the shaped body 1 is formed in particular from bonded Hochtemperaturkoks and / or graphite. For a better flow through one of such moldings 1 built-up bed in a cupola is provided that the molding 1 a running in its longitudinal direction opening 25 having. Such a shaped body 1 can of course also from other sources of energy and in particular from melt-forming materials constructed, in particular pressed. 11 shows a further embodiment of a shaped body 1 which can have a round or polygonal cross-section. The molded body 1 according to 11 has two disc sections 27 and a middle section 26 , wherein the diameter or the width of the central portion 26 is less than the diameter or the width of the disc sections 27 , The disc sections 27 have at their midsection 26 facing an inclined surface 28 , wherein the middle section 26 centric to the disc sections 27 is aligned.

Transverse to the longitudinal axis of the central section 26 is an opening 25 provided, in turn, the improvement of the flowability of such a shaped bodies 1 formed bed serves in a cupola.

12 shows a shaped body 1 with polygonal or circular cross-section, consisting of several slices 29 . 30 and 31 exists, with the discs 29 . 30 and 31 are arranged concentrically to each other and have different diameters or widths, so that a stepped structure of the molding 1 results. The disks 29 to 31 have a circumferential bead on the edge strength of the discs 29 to 31 elevated. By this edge bead is also the location of such a shaped body 1 stabilized within a furnace bed. Centric can the molding 1 again an opening 25 to improve the flowability of the molding 1 or one of several moldings 1 have formed bed in a cupola. Such openings 25 also serve to improve the heat transfer, since the molding 1 is also heated from the inside through the openings. Of course there is also the possibility of more than one opening 25 in a corresponding molding 1 provided. About the opening 25 can continue to moisture from the molding 1 escape.

In the 13 and 14 is another embodiment of a shaped body 1 shown, wherein the 14 a plan view and the 13 a sectional side view of the molded body 1 according to 14 shows. The molded body 1 according to the 13 and 14 is formed in cross-section substantially elliptical and consists of a homogeneous in terms of its density body or of a body with partially different mass.

In its central region, the shaped body 1 an opening 25 for the purposes already outlined above. In addition to the illustrated elliptical design of the molding 21 Also other shapes up to ellipsoids are possible. The advantage of such moldings 1 with elliptical cross-section is that such shaped body 1 can be arranged in a stable flat storage in the cupola. Therefore, the openings 25 in such moldings 1 also at right angles to the longitudinal extent of the moldings 1 aligned.

15 shows a further simple embodiment of a shaped body 1 which is particularly suitable for the use in question. The molded body 1 according to 15 has the known form of a house fire briquette and is therefore well stackable and transportable. Due to its shape form several moldings 1 a highly permeable bed in a cupola furnace. Another embodiment of a shaped body 1 is in the 16 to 18 shown. This shaped body 1 is particularly suitable for insertion into the cupola and can be used both as a hybrid molded body, as well as a monolithic molded body 1 , ie primary forming melt or be designed as an energy source. The molded body 1 has six surfaces 32 on where gas ducts 33 are formed. The gas guide channels 33 are to the surfaces 32 open and connect each oppositely arranged and parallel to each other aligned surfaces 32 ,

The big surfaces 32 each have four gas guide channels 33 of which two are aligned in parallel. In the trained as narrow sides surfaces 32 each are two gas guide channels 33 educated.

In the region of crossing points of the gas guide channels aligned at right angles to each other 33 the surfaces designed as large surfaces 32 are also holes 34 arranged, for example, have an oval, round or cloverleaf-shaped cross-section. The holes 34 connect opposite surfaces 32 together.

The molded body 1 according to the 16 to 18 may have a height between 50 and 500 mm and side lengths between 150 and 500 mm. Preferably, the shaped body 1 according to the 16 to 18 a square base on, in 16 in addition one on the surfaces 32 adhesive coating 35 from, for example, a binder, such as in particular a cement paste is arranged. The binder may additionally comprise ground insulation fibers to the abrasion resistance of the molding 1 to increase. According to 16 is this coating 35 only in the area of one half on the surfaces designed as narrow sides 32 of the molding 1 arranged. The coating 35 thus also serves to a shift of Schwerpunk tes of the molding 1 so that the shaped body 1 is aligned in the application of a cupola in a particular arrangement.

The coating 35 can also be made of the material of the molding 1 exist or integral part of the molding 1 be, in which case after pressing the molding 1 this area in one half of the molding 1 is removed accordingly.

In the 19 and 20 is another embodiment of a shaped body 1 shown in the area of its two major surfaces 36 in cross-section substantially U-shaped grooves 37 having. These grooves 37 in turn serve to guide air and gas during the melting process within the cupola. Incidentally, the molded article 1 according to the 19 and 20 cuboid shaped.

Finally shows 21 an element 39 which is a shaped body 1 in a sheath 4 having, wherein the sheath 4 with the molded body arranged therein 1 a central element 38 forms, to which smaller elements 40 over footbridges 41 at the central element 38 are connected.

The smaller elements 40 correspond in their construction to the central element 38 and therefore also have a shaped body 1 in a sheath 4 , The jacket 4 each consists of a melt-forming mass, while the molding 1 represents an energy source. With a variety of elements 39 according to 21 can be made a very permeable furnace filling.

Claims (35)

Shaped body, in particular as a primary energy source for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular rockwool, consisting of a bound with a binder fine-grained and carbon-containing fraction, wherein the carbon-containing fraction has a maximum grain size of 50 mm, wherein at least 50 Mass% of the carbonaceous fraction has a particle size ≤ 25 mm, so that the coarser constituents form a scaffold, while the finer components with a grain size ≤ 25 mm fill the gaps and wherein the carbon-containing fraction and the binder have a packing density ≥ 1,250 kg / m ³ has. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonaceous Fraction fine-grained is formed and made of coke, graphite and / or carbonaceous Compounds, in particular refractory outbreaks or anodic Linings of smelting furnaces and / or preferably consumed electrode material. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder thermally is stable and preferably made of Portland cement, Portlandölschieferzement, High-alumina cements and / or latent hydraulic substances with stimulators, in particular free lime-containing substances, such as potassium hydroxide or cement. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonaceous Fraction and / or the binder redispersible wetting agents, for example surfactants Substances and / or adhesion-promoting and / or strength-increasing redispersible Plastics, such as acrylate, styrene acrylate and / or Having copolymers. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonaceous Fraction with 12 to 30% by mass, in particular with 15 to 25% by mass Binder is bound. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the carbon-containing fraction and the binder is a supporting grain with a grain size of less than 25 mm, in particular less than 10 mm in one portion is less than 30% by mass. Shaped body according to claim 8, characterized in that the supporting grain from for the Erzeu supply of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials. moldings according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonaceous Fraction containing less than 30% by weight of coke and further from foundry coke and / or Graphite consists, with the scaffold of solid and dense Hochtemperaturkoks and / or graphite is formed, preferably by supporting grain out for the production of a mineral melt to be fiberized for production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, especially from rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials added is. farm body according to claim 1, characterized by a coating of a binder. moldings according to claim 1, characterized by a cube shape with an edge length of maximum 300 mm, in particular from 200 to 250 mm. moldings according to claim 9, characterized in that the binder Cement glue exists and applied in a particular thin layer fully or partially is. moldings according to claim 9, characterized in that the binder is ground insulation fibers, preferably up to 20% by mass, in particular up to 8% by mass of the Binder contains. moldings according to claim 9, characterized in that the binder Water glass, phosphate binder, phosphate cement as a mixture of metal oxides with phosphoric acid and / or organically modified silanes, preferably as a coating at a carbon-containing fraction of high-temperature coke, petroleum coke, Pechkoks and / or graphite is provided. Shaped body according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that the carbon-containing fraction with the binder and the optionally present supporting grain and / or the optionally present coating as a filling ( 12 ) in a load-bearing and / or temperature-resistant casing ( 4 ) is arranged. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) a recording room ( 5 ) having a volume greater than the volume of the filling ( 12 ), which comprises the carbon-containing fraction, wherein the volume ratio of a proportion of contained in the carbon-containing fraction, is volatile upon heating volatile components. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the filling ( 12 ) in briquetted form or as a bed in the casing ( 4 ) is arranged Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) at least in some areas an air permeability for the controlled degassing of the filling ( 12 ) having. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) consists of a rock fraction, in particular for the production of a mineral melt to be fibrillated for the production of insulating materials from mineral fibers, preferably rock wool, suitable rock and / or secondary raw materials, which are bound with hydraulic binders. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) has an outer circumferential surface, on which a, in particular fine-grained rocks and / or mineral fibers having coating layer of hydraulic binders is arranged. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) has an opening with a lid ( 11 ) is closable. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) consists of haufwerkporigem mortar and / or concrete with aggregates of rocks, slags and / or mineral fibers, wherein the aggregates are bound with hydraulically hardening binders, in particular with Portland cement. moldings according to claim 14, characterized in that the hydraulically hardening Binder partially by hydraulically setting or latent hydraulic Secondary raw Materials or by latently hydraulic pozzolans, tufts with exciters, in particular free lime-containing substances, such as Kallkhydrat or Cement, are substituted. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) have a length and a diameter whose ratio to each other is 1: 1, preferably 1.2: 1 to 2.5: 1. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) has a center of gravity which is arranged eccentrically on the longitudinal axis. Shaped body according to claim 20, characterized in that it is preferably made of one with the material of the sheath ( 4 ) matching material formed lid ( 11 ) after filling the filling ( 12 ) is pressed with the same. Shaped body according to claim 20, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) a recess ( 14 ), which is the inclusion of the lid ( 11 ) serves. Shaped body according to claim 20, characterized in that the lid ( 11 ) has at least one predetermined breaking point at which the lid ( 11 ) breaks down at a certain pressure. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) at least two chambers for receiving different fillings ( 12 ) having. Shaped body according to claim 28, characterized in that the chambers by a wall ( 15 ) of milled mineral fibers and / or of the material of the sheath ( 4 ) of matching cement-bound molding compounds are separated. Shaped body according to claim 28, characterized in that the chambers transverse to the longitudinal axis of the sheath ( 4 ) are divided. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) by parallel to the longitudinal axis extending partitions ( 18 ) is divided into individual chambers Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 4 ) in the region of a wall a perforated disc or at least one opening ( 19 ), can escape through the volatile constituents. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the filling ( 12 ) and / or the sheath ( 4 ) are rotationally symmetrical. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the filling ( 12 ) and / or the sheath ( 4 ) have a cylindrical or prism-shaped cross section and preferably a curved to hemispherical end face and a face surface arranged opposite the contact surface. Shaped body according to claim 14, characterized in that the filling ( 12 ) and / or the sheath ( 4 ) have the form of a rhombic disphenoid.