DE102005009200A1 - Thermoplastic molding compound used in thin-wall technology, especially extrusion, injection and multi-injection molding, contains thermoplastic polyamide and olefin-alkyl (meth)acrylate copolymer - Google Patents

Abstract

Molding compositions contain (parts weight, pw) (A) 99.9-10 pw partly crystalline thermoplastic polyamide(s) and (B) 0.1-20 pw copolymer(s) of olefin(s) with (meth)acrylate(s) of an aliphatic alcohol, in which the melt flow index (MFI) of (B) is not less than 100 g/10 minutes. An independent claim is also included for production of the composition by mixing appropriate amounts of the components.

Description

These The invention relates to molding compositions based on at least one semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyamide and at least one copolymer from at least one olefin, preferably an α-olefin, with at least one methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester an aliphatic alcohol, the MFI (melt flow index) of the Copolymer does not fall below 100 g / 10 min, a process for the preparation of these molding compositions and the use of these molding compositions for the production of molded parts or semi-finished products by injection molding or extrusion.

Highly flowable thermoplastic Compositions are for a variety of injection molding applications interesting. For example require thin-walled components in the electrical, electronics and Automotive industry low viscosities the thermoplastic composition, so that filling the mold as possible low filling pressures or Closing forces of corresponding injection molding machines possible is. This also applies to the simultaneous filling of several injection-molded components over common Angusssystem in so-called multiple tools too. Of others can often with low viscosity thermoplastic compositions also shorter cycle times will be realized. About that In addition, good flow abilities especially with highly filled thermoplastic compositions, for example with glass fiber and / or mineral contents of over 40% by weight very important.

In spite of high flowability However, the thermoplastic compositions are high mechanical Requirements placed on the components to be produced from this, so that by lowering the viscosity no impairment the mechanical properties may be caused.

It There are several ways highly flowable, low viscosity to realize thermoplastic molding compounds.

A possibility is the use of low-viscosity polymer resins with less Molecular weight as base polymers for the thermoplastic molding compositions. The use of low molecular weight polymer resins is often with losses in the mechanical properties, in particular the toughness, connected. Furthermore requires the preparation of a low viscosity polymer resin an existing polymerization often expensive and Investments related to investments.

A different possibility is the use of so-called flow aids, also as flow agents, flow aids or internal lubricant referred to the polymer resin as an additive can be added.

such flow aids are from the literature such as e.g. in plastics 2000, 9, p 116-118 known and can for example, fatty acid esters of polyols or amides of fatty acids or amines. Such fatty acid esters, such as pentaerythritol tetrastearate or ethylene glycol dimontanoate, are however with polar thermoplastics such as polyamides, polyalkylene terephthalates or polycarbonates only limited miscible. They therefore accumulate on the molding surface and are therefore also used as mold release agents. You can but especially at higher levels Concentrations during heat storage or in the case of polyamides also in the moisture absorption of these Moldings to the surface migrate and accumulate there. This can for example Problems with paint or metal adhesion in coated Lead moldings.

alternative to the surface active flow aids can internal flow aids can be used, which are compatible with the polymer resins. Therefor For example, low molecular weight compounds or branched, highly branched or dendritic polymers with a polarity similar to that of the polymer resin. such highly branched or dendritic systems are from the literature known and can for example, on branched polyesters, polyamides, polyester amides, Polyethers or polyamines are based, as in Plastics 2001, 91, p. 179-190, or in Advances in Polymer Science 1999, 143 (Branched Polymers II), pp. 1-34 are described.

EP-A 0 682 057 describes the use of the first generation nitrogen-containing 4-cascade dendrimer: 1,4-diaminobutane [4] propylamine (N, N'-tetrabis (3-aminopropyl) -1,4-butanediamine) DAB (PA) ₄ for lowering the viscosity in polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6 and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). While when DAB (PA) _{4 is used} to lower the viscosity in polyamides, the impact strength of the resulting molding compositions remains practically unaffected (difference <5%), the impact strength in PBT decreases by more than 15%.

WO-A 95/06081 (= US 5,493,000 ) describes the use of three-dimensional branched polymers with rigid aromatic units in blends with polyamide to increase the material stiffness and the tear strength while reducing the viscosity and the elongation at break of the blends.

EP-A 0 994 157 (= AU 6 233 499 A ) describes the use of highly branched, aromatics-based polymers which are added in the caprolactam polycondensation and polymerized therewith. In this case, compositions of polyamides in which highly branched polymers have been copolymerized show better mechanical properties and better flowability than comparison compositions without the highly branched components.

described does not add the highly branched polymers during the polymerization but adding to a polymer melt.

In principle, improvements in the flowability of polyamides can also be achieved by adding phenols, bisphenols and similar low molecular weight additives. EP-A 0 240 887 (= US 5,212,224 ) describes molding compounds of polyamide, a rubber and a bisphenol, which exhibit an improved flowability caused by the additive.

In DE-A 32 48 329 (= US 4,628,069 ) describes the addition of phenolic compounds to polyamide to reduce water absorption. Phenol-formaldehyde resins are not mentioned.

Next improving fluidity it is often desirable the tenacity to improve the materials. These can be the thermoplastics used additionally Other copolymers based on ethene and acrylic acid or methacrylic be added, which cause an improvement in toughness.

DE-A 2 758 568 (= US 4,362,846 ) and DE-A 2 801 585 (= US 4,362,846 ) describe the toughening of polyamides with acrylate grafted polyolefins. It is emphasized that the use of the acrylate-modified polyolefins leads to an increase in the melt viscosity.

EP-A 1 191 067 (= US 6,759,480 ) describes the toughening of thermoplastics, including polyamide and polybutylene terephthalate, by a mixture of a copolymer of ethene with a non-reactive alkyl acrylate and a copolymer of ethene with an acrylate having an additional reactive group. The flowability of the molding compositions is not discussed.

FR-A No. 2,819,821 describes the use of copolymers of ethene with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, which has an MFI (melt flow index) less than 100 have, as a component of hot melt adhesive mixtures. Notes on Elastomer modification and / or fluidity improvement applications Semicrystalline thermoplastics are not found.

The The object of the present invention was a reduction the viscosity of polyamide polycondensate compositions by additization reach the polymer melt without sacrificing properties like impact resistance and hydrolysis resistance to have to accept as this when using low-viscosity linear polymer resins or at Literature known additives occurs. Regarding stiffness and tear strength the polyamide compositions should not be significantly different from the non-additized polyamide polycondensate compositions distinguish, thus a trouble-free replacement of the materials for plastic constructions based on polyamide becomes.

• A) 99,9 bis 10 Gew.-Teile, bevorzugt 99,5 bis 40 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 99,0 bis 55 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines teilkristallinen thermoplastischen Polyamids und
• B) 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 0,25 bis 15 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 1,0 bis 10 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines Copolymerisats aus mindestens einem Olefin, vorzugsweise einem α-Olefin, mit mindestens einem Methacryslsäurester oder Acrylsäureester eines aliphatischen Alkohols, vorzugsweise eines aliphatischen Alkohols mit 5–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei der MFI des Copolymerisats B) 100 g/10 min, vorzugsweise 150 g/10 min nicht unterschreitet.

The solution of the problem and thus the subject of the invention are polyamide molding compositions containing

• A) 99.9 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 99.5 to 40 parts by weight, particularly preferably 99.0 to 55 parts by weight of at least one semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide and
• B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.25 to 15 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by weight of at least one copolymer of at least one olefin, preferably an α-olefin, with at least a methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol, preferably an aliphatic alcohol having 5-30 carbon atoms, wherein the MFI of the copolymer B) does not fall below 100 g / 10 min, preferably 150 g / 10 min.

Of the MFI (melt flow index) was within the scope of the present invention uniform at 190 ° C and a test weight measured or determined from 2.16 kg.

Surprised was found to be mixtures of at least one semi-crystalline thermoplastic polyamide with copolymers of olefins with methacrylic or acrylic acid esters aliphatic alcohols which do not fall below an MFI of 100 g / 10 min, to the desired Lowering the melt viscosity lead to the resulting molding compositions of the invention. in the Compared to pure thermoplastic polycondensates of the same flowability are distinguished from the polyamide molding compositions according to the invention Moldings by a higher impact strength out. The molding compounds are excellent for use in thin-wall technology suitable.

When Component A) contain the compositions according to the invention at least a partially crystalline thermoplastic polyamide.

The used according to the invention Polyamides can produced by different methods and from very different Blocks are synthesized and in particular application alone or in combination with processing aids, stabilizers, polymeric alloying partners (e.g., elastomers) or reinforcing materials (such as mineral fillers or glass fibers) to materials with specially set property combinations equipped become. Also suitable are blends with proportions of other polymers, e.g. of polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), where appropriate, one or more compatibilizers are used can. The properties of the polyamides can be achieved by adding elastomers improve, for. B. with regard to the impact strength of z. B. reinforced polyamides. The variety of combination options allows a very big one Number of products with different characteristics.

to Preparation of polyamides are a variety of procedures become known, depending on the desired end product different Monomer modules, various chain regulators for setting a desired molecular weight or monomers with reactive Groups for later intended post-treatments are used.

The technically relevant process for the production of polyamides run mostly over the polycondensation in the melt. In this framework will too the hydrolytic polymerization of lactams as polycondensation Understood.

According to the invention preferred Polyamides to be used as component A) are semicrystalline polyamides, starting from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or lactams with at least 5 ring members or corresponding amino acids produced can be.

When Educts come aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyl adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, aliphatic and / or aromatic diamines such as e.g. Tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, the isomeric diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, diaminodicyclohexylpropane, Bis-aminomethyl-cyclohexane, phenylenediamines, xylylenediamines, aminocarboxylic acids, such as e.g. aminocaproic acid, or the corresponding lactams into consideration. Copolyamides of several the monomers mentioned are included.

Particularly according to the invention Preference is given to caprolactams, very particularly preferably ε-caprolactam and most on PA6, PA66 and other aliphatic and / or aromatic polyamides or copolyamide-based compounds, in which 3 to 11 methylene groups on a polyamide group in the polymer chain come, used.

The according to the invention as a component A) semi-crystalline polyamides to be used can also be mixed with others Polyamides and / or other polymers are used.

The Polyamides can be conventional additives such as. Mold release agents, stabilizers and / or flow aids be mixed in the melt or applied to the surface.

As component B), the compositions according to the invention contain copolymers, preferably random copolymers of at least one olefin, preferably α-olefin and at least one methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol, the MFI of the copolymer B) being 100 g / 10 min, preferably 150 g / 10 min, more preferably 300 g / 10 min not below. In a preferred embodiment, the copolymer B) to less than 4 wt .-%, more preferably less than 1.5 wt .-% and most preferably to 0 wt .-% of monomer units, the other re active functional groups (selected from the group comprising epoxides, oxetanes, anhydrides, imides, aziridines, furans, acids, amines, oxazolines).

suitable Olefins, preferably α-olefins as a constituent of the copolymers B) preferably have between 2 and 10 carbon atoms on and can be unsubstituted or with one or more aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic Be substituted groups.

preferred Olefins are selected from the group comprising ethene, propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 3-methyl-1-pentene. Particularly preferred olefins are ethene and propene, most preferably ethene.

Also suitable are mixtures of the olefins described.

In a further preferred embodiment the other reactive functional groups (selected from the group comprising epoxides, oxetanes, anhydrides, imides, aziridines, furans; acids, Amines, oxazolines) of the copolymer B) exclusively via the olefins in the copolymer B) introduced.

Of the Content of the olefin on the copolymer B) is between 50 and 90 Wt .-%, preferably between 55 and 75 wt .-%.

The Copolymer B) is further defined by the second component next to the olefin. The second ingredient is alkyl or arylalkyl esters the acrylic acid or methacrylic acid suitable, their alkyl or arylalkyl group of 5-30 carbon atoms is formed. The alkyl or Arylalkyl group may be linear or branched and cycloaliphatic or aromatic groups, in addition also by one or be substituted by several ether or thioether. suitable methacrylic or acrylic acid ester in this context are also those consisting of an alcohol component were synthesized on oligoethylene glycol or oligopropylene glycol with only one hydroxyl group and a maximum of 30 carbon atoms.

For example, the alkyl or arylalkyl group of the methacrylic or acrylic ester may be selected from the group comprising 1-pentyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 1-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 1-octyl, 1- (2 Ethyl) -hexyl, 1-nonyl, 1-decyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-lauryl or 1-octadecyl. Preferred are alkyl or arylalkyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms. Branched alkyl groups are particularly preferred which lead to a lower glass transition temperature T _G compared to linear alkyl groups of the same number of carbon atoms.

Particularly according to the invention preferred are copolymers B) in which the olefin with acrylic acid (2-ethyl) hexyl ester is copolymerized. Also suitable are mixtures of the described acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester.

Prefers Here, the use of more than 60 wt .-%, particularly preferred more than 90 wt .-%, and most preferably the use of 100 wt .-% acrylic acid (2-ethyl) -hexylester based to the total amount of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters in copolymer B).

In a further preferred embodiment the other reactive functional groups (selected from the group comprising epoxides, oxetanes, anhydrides, imides, aziridines, Furans, acids, Amines, oxazolines) of the copolymer B) exclusively via the Acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester introduced into the copolymer B).

Of the Content of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester on copolymer B) is between 10 and 50 wt .-%, preferably between 25 and 45 wt .-%.

suitable Copolymers B) are characterized in addition to the composition the low molecular weight. Accordingly, for the molding compositions according to the invention only copolymers B) which have an MFI value measured at 190 ° C and a load of 2.16 kg of at least 100 g / 10 min, preferred of at least 150 g / 10 min, more preferably of at least 300 g / 10 min.

Suitable copolymers as component B) may be selected, for example, from the group of the materials offered by the company. Atofina under the brand name Lotryl ^® EH, which are commonly used as hot melt adhesive.

In a preferred embodiment can the polyamide molding compositions according to the invention additionally to components A) and B) one or more of the components of Series C), D), E), F) and G).

• C) 0,001 bis 70 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 5 bis 50 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 47 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines Füll- oder Verstärkungsstoffes in den thermoplastischen Polyamid-Formmassen enthalten sein.

In such a preferred embodiment, therefore, in addition to the components A) and B) may optionally

• C) 0.001 to 70 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 50 parts by weight, particularly preferably 9 to 47 parts by weight of at least one filler or reinforcing material in the thermoplastic polyamide molding compositions.

When filler or reinforcing material can but also mixtures of two or more different fillers and / or reinforcing materials for example based on talc, mica, silicate, quartz, titanium dioxide, Wollastonite, kaolin, amorphous silicas, magnesium carbonate, chalk, Feldspar, barium sulfate, glass beads and / or fibrous fillers and / or reinforcing materials used on the basis of carbon fibers and / or glass fibers become. Preference is given to mineral particulate fillers based on Talc, mica, silicate, quartz, titanium dioxide, wollastonite, kaolin, amorphous silicas, Magnesium carbonate, chalk, feldspar, barium sulfate and / or glass fibers used. Particular preference is given to mineral particulate fillers based on talc, wollastonite, kaolin and / or glass fibers used.

Especially for applications, in which isotropy in dimensional stability and high thermal dimensional stability is required, such as in automotive applications for body parts preferably mineral fillers used, in particular talc, wollastonite or kaolin.

Especially Also preferred are acicular mineral fillers used. Under acicular mineral fillers is a mineral according to the invention filler with pronounced acicular Character understood. As an example, needle-shaped wollastonites are mentioned. Preferably, the mineral has a length: diameter ratio of 2: 1 to 35: 1, more preferably from 3: 1 to 19: 1, in particular preferably from 4: 1 to 12: 1. The mean particle size of the acicular minerals according to the invention is preferably less than 20 μm, more preferably at less than 15 microns, more preferably at less than 10 μm, determined with a CILAS GRANULOMETER.

As already described above, the filler and / or reinforcing material optionally surface-modified be, for example, with a primer or primer system e.g. on a silane basis. The pretreatment is not necessarily required. In particular, when using glass fibers in addition to Silanes and polymer dispersions, film formers, branching and / or Fiber processing aids are used.

The particularly according to the invention preferably to be used glass fibers, which generally has a fiber diameter between 7 and 18 μm, preferably between 9 and 15 microns have become as continuous fibers or as cut or ground Added glass fibers. The fibers can be treated with a suitable sizing system and a primer system, e.g. on a silane basis equipped be.

steht,
q für eine ganze Zahl von 2 bis 10, bevorzugt 3 bis 4 steht,
r für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5, bevorzugt 1 bis 2 steht und
k für eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 3, bevorzugt 1 steht.Typical silane-based adhesion promoters for the pretreatment are silane compounds of the general formula (I), for example. (X- (CH ₂ ) _q ) _k -Si (OC _r H _{2r + 1} ) _4-k (I) in which the substituents have the following meanings:
X for NH ₂ -, HO- or

stands,
q is an integer from 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 4,
r is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, and
k is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 1.

preferred Adhesion promoters are silane compounds from the group of aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, Aminobutyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminobutyltriethoxysilane and the corresponding silanes, which as substituent X is a glycidyl group contain.

For the equipment of the fillers The silane compounds are generally used in amounts of 0.05 to 2 wt .-%, preferably 0.25 to 1.5 wt .-% and in particular 0.5 to 1 wt .-% based on the mineral filler for surface coating used.

The particulate fillers can due to the processing to the molding compound or molding in the molding compound or in the molding have a smaller d97 or d50 value than those originally used Fillers. The glass fibers can due to the processing to the molding compound or molding in the molding compound or in the molding shorter length distributions as originally have used.

• D) 0,001 bis 30 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 5 bis 25 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 9 bis 19 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines Flammschutzadditivs enthalten.

In an alternative preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding compositions may, in addition to the components A) and B), and / or C), if appropriate

• D) 0.001 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight, particularly preferably 9 to 19 parts by weight of at least one flame retardant additive.

As flame retardants of component D) commercially available organic halogen compounds with synergists or commercially available organic nitrogen compounds or organo / inorganic goric phosphorus compounds can be used individually or in admixture. Also, mineral flame retardant additives such as magnesium hydroxide or Ca-Mg-carbonate hydrates (eg DE-A 4 236 122 (= CA 210 9024 A1 )) can be used. Also suitable are salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acids. Examples which may be mentioned of halogen-containing, in particular brominated and chlorinated, compounds are: ethylene-1,2-bistetrabromophthalimide, epoxidized tetrabromobisphenol A resin, tetrabromobisphenol A oligocarbonate, tetrachlorobisphenol A oligocarbonate, pentabromopolyacrylate, brominated polystyrene and decabromodiphenyl ether. As organic phosphorus compounds, for example, the phosphorus compounds according to WO-A 98/17720 (= US Pat. No. 6,538,024 ), such as triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) and the oligomers derived therefrom, and bisphenol A bis-diphenyl phosphate (BDP) and the oligomers derived therefrom, and also organic and inorganic phosphonic acid derivatives and their salts , organic and inorganic phosphinic acid derivatives and their salts, in particular Metalldialkylphosphinate such as aluminum tris [dialkylphosphinates] or zinc bis [dialkylphosphinates], also red phosphorus, phosphites, hypophosphites, Phospinoxide, phosphazenes, melamine pyrophosphate and mixtures thereof. Suitable nitrogen compounds are those from the group of allantoin, cyanuric, dicyandiamide, glycouril, guanidine-ammonium and melamine derivatives, preferably allantoin, benzoguanamine, glycouril, melamine, condensation products of melamine, for example melem, melam or melom or higher condensed compounds thereof Type and adducts of melamine with acids such as cyanuric acid (melamine cyanurate), phosphoric acid (melamine phosphate) or condensed phosphoric acids (eg melamine polyphosphate) in question. Examples of synergists are antimony compounds, in particular antimony trioxide, sodium antimonate and antimony pentoxide, zinc compounds such as zinc borate, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate and zinc sulfide, tin compounds such as tin stannate and tin borate and magnesium compounds such as magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate and magnesium borate. Also, the flame retardant so-called carbon formers such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, polycarbonates, polyphenyl ethers, polyimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyphenylosulfides and polyether ketones and anti-dripping agents such as tetrafluoroethylene polymers may be added.

• E) 0,001 bis 80 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 19 Gew.-Teile, insbesondere bevorzugt 9 bis 15 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines Elastomermodifikators enthalten.

In a further alternative preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding compositions may, in addition to the components A) and B), and / or C) and / or D), if appropriate

• E) 0.001 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 19 parts by weight, particularly preferably 9 to 15 parts by weight of at least one elastomer modifier.

• E.1 5 bis 95 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 30 bis 90 Gew.-%, wenigstens eines Vinylmonomeren auf
• E.2 95 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 70 bis 10 Gew.-% einer oder mehrerer Pfropfgrundlagen mit Glasübergangstemperaturen < 10°C, vorzugsweise < 0°C, besonders bevorzugt < –20°C.

The elastomer modifiers to be used as component E) comprise one or more graft polymers of

• E.1 5 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 30 to 90 wt .-%, of at least one vinyl monomer on
• E.2 95 to 5 wt .-%, preferably 70 to 10 wt .-% of one or more graft bases with glass transition temperatures <10 ° C, preferably <0 ° C, particularly preferably <-20 ° C.

The graft base E.2 generally has an average particle size (d ₅₀ value) of 0.05 to 10 .mu.m, preferably 0.1 to 5 .mu.m, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1 .mu.m.

• E.1.1 50 bis 99 Gew.-% Vinylaromaten und/oder kernsubstituierten Vinylaromaten (wie beispielsweise Styrol, α-Methylstyrol, p-Methylstyrol, p-Chlorstyrol) und/oder Methacrylsäure-(C₁-C₈)-Alkylester (wie z.B. Methylmethacrylat, Ethylmethacrylat) und
• E.1.2 1 bis 50 Gew.-% Vinylcyanide (ungesättigte Nitrile wie Acrylnitril und Methacrylnitril) und/oder (Meth)Acrylsäure-(C₁-C₈)-Alkylester (wie z.B. Methylmethacrylat, n-Butylacrylat, t-Butylacrylat) und/oder Derivate (wie Anhydride und Imide) ungesättigter Carbonsäuren (beispielsweise Maleinsäureanhydrid und N-Phenyl-Maleinimid).

Monomers E.1 are preferably mixtures of

• E.1.1 50 to 99 wt .-% vinyl aromatics and / or ring-substituted vinyl aromatics (such as styrene, α-methyl styrene, p-methyl styrene, p-chlorostyrene) and / or methacrylic acid (C ₁ -C ₈ ) alkyl esters (such as Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate) and
• E.1.2 1 to 50 wt .-% vinyl cyanides (unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile) and / or (Meth) acrylic acid (C ₁ -C ₈ ) alkyl esters (such as methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate) and / or derivatives (such as anhydrides and imides) of unsaturated carboxylic acids (for example, maleic anhydride and N-phenyl-maleimide).

preferred Monomers E.1.1 are selected at least one of the monomers styrene, α-methylstyrene and methyl methacrylate, preferred monomers E.1.2 are selected from at least one of Monomeric acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride and methyl methacrylate.

Especially preferred monomers are E.1.1 styrene and E.1.2 acrylonitrile.

For the in the elastomeric modifiers E) to be used graft polymers suitable grafting principles E.2 are, for example, diene rubbers, EP (D) M rubbers, ie those based on ethylene / propylene and optionally Diene, acrylate, polyurethane, silicone, chloroprene and ethylene / vinyl acetate rubbers.

preferred Grafting Principles E.2 are diene rubbers (for example based on butadiene, Isoprene, etc.) or mixtures of diene rubbers or copolymers of diene rubbers or mixtures thereof with other copolymerizable Monomers (e.g., according to E.1.1 and E.1.2), with the proviso that the glass transition temperature the component E.2 at <10 ° C, preferably at <0 ° C, especially preferably at <-10 ° C.

Especially preferred graft bases E.2 are e.g. ABS polymers (emulsion, Bulk and suspension ABS), as they are for. In DE-A 2 035 390 (= US-A 3,644,574) or in DE-A 2 248 242 (= GB-A 1 409 275) or in Ullmann, Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, Vol. 19 (1980), p. 280 et seq. Of the Gel content of the graft base E.2 is preferably at least 30 Wt .-%, more preferably at least 40 wt .-% (measured in toluene).

The Elastomer modifiers or graft polymers E) are by free radical Polymerization, e.g. by emulsion, suspension, solution or Bulk polymerization, preferably by emulsion or bulk polymerization produced.

Especially suitable graft rubbers are also ABS polymers by Redox initiation with an organic hydroperoxide initiator system and ascorbic acid according to US-A 4 937 285 are produced.

There in the grafting reaction the grafting monomers are not necessarily known Completely are grafted onto the graft, be under the invention Graft polymers B also understood such products by (Co) polymerization of the graft monomers in the presence of the grafting base be recovered and incurred in the workup.

Suitable acrylate rubbers are based on graft bases E2, which are preferably polymers of alkyl acrylates, optionally with up to 40 wt .-%, based on E.2 other polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Preferred polymerizable acrylic acid esters include C ₁ -C ₈ alkyl esters, for example, methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-octyl and 2-ethylhexyl esters; Haloalkyl esters, preferably halo-C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl esters, such as chloroethyl acrylate and mixtures of these monomers.

to Networking can Monomers copolymerized with more than one polymerizable double bond become. Preferred examples of Crosslinking monomers are esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 3 to 8 C atoms and unsaturated monohydric alcohols having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or saturated polyols having 2 to 4 OH groups and 2 to 20 C atoms, such as e.g. ethylene glycol, allyl methacrylate; polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds, e.g. Trivinyl and triallyl cyanurate; polyfunctional vinyl compounds such as di- and trivinylbenzenes; but also triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate.

preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Diallyl phthalate and heterocyclic compounds containing at least 3 ethylenically unsaturated Have groups.

Especially preferred crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, Triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloylhexahydro-s-triazine, triallylbenzenes. The amount of crosslinked monomers is preferably 0.02 to 5, in particular 0.05 to 2 wt .-%, based on the graft base E.2.

For cyclic crosslinking monomers having at least 3 ethylenically unsaturated groups it is advantageous to restrict the amount to less than 1 wt .-% of the grafting E.2.

Preferred "other" polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated monomers which may optionally be used in addition to the acrylic acid esters for the preparation of the graft base E.2 include acrylonitrile, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylamides, vinyl-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl ethers, methyl methacrylate, butadiene , Preferred acrylate rubbers as the graft base E.2 are emulsion polymers which have a gel content of at least 60% by weight.

Further suitable grafting bases according to E.2 are silicone rubbers with graft-active sites, as described in DE-A 3 704 657 (= US 4,859,740 ), DE-A 3 704 655 (= U.S. 4,861,831 ), DE-A 3 631 540 (= US 4,806,593 ) and DE-A 3 631 539 (= U.S. 4,812,515 ) to be discribed.

Next Elastomeric modifiers based on graft polymers may also be used non-graft polymer based elastomer modifiers as a component E), the glass transition temperatures <10 ° C, preferably <0 ° C, especially preferably have <-20 ° C. You can do this e.g. Elastomers having a block copolymer structure. For this can furthermore e.g. thermoplastic meltable elastomers include. exemplary and preferably EPM, EPDM and / or SEBS rubbers are mentioned here

• F) 0,001 bis 10 Gew.-Teile, bevorzugt 0,05 bis 3 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 0,1 bis 0,9 Gew.-Teile weitere übliche Additive enthalten.

In a further alternative preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding compositions may, in addition to the components A) and B), and / or C) and / or D) and / or E), if appropriate

• F) 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.9 parts by weight of further conventional additives.

Usual additives For the purposes of the present invention, e.g. Stabilizers (for Example UV stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, gamma ray stabilizers), Antistatic agents, flow aids, Mold release agents, other fire protection additives, emulsifiers, nucleating agents, Plasticizers, lubricants, dyes, pigments and additives for increase the electrical conductivity. The above and other suitable additives are described, for example in Guards, Miller, Plastic Additives, 3rd Edition, Hanser-Verlag, Munich, Vienna, 1989 and in Plastics Additives Handbook, 5th Edition, Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 2001. The additives can used alone or mixed or in the form of masterbatches become.

When Stabilizers can for example sterically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary Amines such as e.g. Diphenylamines, substituted resorcinols, salicylates, Benzotriazoles and benzophenones, as well as various substituted ones Representatives of these groups and their mixtures are used.

When Pigments or dyes can e.g. Titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, ultramarine blue, iron oxide, carbon black, phthalocyanines, Quinacridones, perylenes, nigrosine and anthraquinones are used.

When Nucleating agents can e.g. Sodium or calcium phenylphosphinate, alumina, silica and preferably talc are used.

When Lubricants and mold release agents can e.g. Ester waxes, pentaerythritol tetrastearate (PETS), long-chain fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid or behenic acid) and esters, their salts (e.g., Ca or Zn stearate) and amide derivatives (e.g., ethylene-bis-stearylamide) or montan waxes (mixtures of with straight-chain, saturated carboxylic acids chain lengths from 28 to 32 carbon atoms) and low molecular weight polyethylene or Polypropylene waxes are used.

When Plasticizers can for example, dioctyl phthalate, phthalate, phthalate, Hydrocarbon oils, N- (n-butyl) benzenesulfonamide can be used.

When Additives to increase the electrical conductivity can Russian, Conductivity carbon black, carbon fibrils, nanoscale graphite and carbon fibers, graphite, conductive polymers, Metal fibers and other common Additives to increase the electrical conductivity be added. As nanoscale fibers, so-called "single "Carbon Nanotube" or "Multi wall carbon nanotube "(e.g. the company Hyperion Catalysis) are used.

• G) 0,5 bis 30 Gew.-Teile, bevorzugt 1 bis 20 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 10 Gew.-Teile und höchst bevorzugt 3 bis 7 Gew.-Teile Verträglichkeitsvermittler (Compatibilizer/Kompatibilisator) enthalten.

In a further alternative preferred embodiment, the polyamide molding compositions may, in addition to the components A) and B), and / or C), and / or D), and / or E), and / or F), if appropriate

• G) 0.5 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight and most preferably 3 to 7 parts by weight of compatibilizer (compatibilizer / compatibilizer).

When compatibilizers It is preferred to use thermoplastic polymers with polar groups.

• G.1 ein vinylaromatisches Monomer,
• G.2 wenigstens ein Monomer ausgewählt aus der Gruppe C₂ bis C₁₂-Alkylmethacrylate, C₂ bis C₁₂-Alkylacrylate, Methacrylnitrile und Acrylnitrile und
• G.3 α,β-ungesättigte Komponenten enthaltend Dicarbonsäureanhydride enthalten.

According to the invention accordingly polymers are used, the

• G.1 is a vinylaromatic monomer,
• G.2 at least one monomer selected from the group C ₂ to C ₁₂ alkyl methacrylates, C ₂ to C ₁₂ alkyl acrylates, methacrylonitriles and acrylonitriles and
• G.3 α, β-unsaturated components containing dicarboxylic anhydrides.

Preferably are as component G.1, G.2 and G.3 terpolymers of said Monomers used. Accordingly come preferably terpolymers of styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride for use. These terpolymers contribute in particular to the improvement the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation at break at. The amount of maleic anhydride in the terpolymer can vary widely. Preferably is the amount 0.2 to 5 mol%. Particularly preferred are amounts between 0.5 and 1.5 mol%. In this area are particularly good mechanical Properties regarding tensile strength and elongation at break achieved.

The Terpolymer can be prepared in a known manner. A suitable Method is solving of monomer components of the terpolymer, e.g. As the styrene, maleic anhydride or acrylonitrile in a suitable solvent, e.g. For example, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). To this solution If necessary, one or more chemical initiators are added. Suitable initiators are e.g. Peroxides. Then the mixture for many Hours at elevated Temperatures polymerized. Subsequently, the solvent and removed the unreacted monomers in a conventional manner.

The relationship between the component G.1 (vinylaromatic monomer) and the Component G.2, e.g. the acrylonitrile monomer in the terpolymer preferably between 80:20 and 50:50.

When vinyl aromatic monomer G.1 is particularly preferred for styrene.

For the component G.2 is particularly preferably acrylonitrile suitable.

When Component G.3 is particularly preferably maleic anhydride.

Examples of compatibilizers G) which can be used according to the invention are described in EP-A 0 785 234 (= US 5,756,576 ) and EP-A 0 202 214 (= US 4,713,415 ). Particularly preferred according to the invention are the polymers mentioned in EP-A 0 785 234.

The compatibilizers can in component G) alone or in any mixture with one another be included.

A others, as compatibilizers Particularly preferred substance is a terpolymer of styrene and Acrylonitrile in weight ratio 2.1: 1 containing 1 mol% of maleic anhydride. Component G) is used in particular when the molding material Graft polymers, as described under E).

According to the invention, the following preferred combinations of the components result:
FROM; ABC; A, B, D; A, B, E; A, B, F; A, B, G; A, B, C, D; A, B, C, E; A, B, C, F; A, B, C, G; A, B, D, E; A, B, D, F; A, B, D, G; A, B, E, F; A, B, E, G; A, B, F, G; A, B, C, D, E; A, B, C, D, G; A, B, C, F, G; A, B, E, F, G; A, B, D, F, G; A, B, C, D, E, F; A, B, C, D, E, G; A, B, D, E, F, G; A, B, C, E, F, G; A, B, C, D, E, G; A, B, C, D, E, F, G.

The The present invention further relates to the preparation of the polyamide molding compositions according to the invention. This takes place by known methods by mixing the components in the appropriate proportions by weight. Preferably, that happens Mix the components at temperatures of 220 to 330 ° C by common Mixing, mixing, kneading, extruding or rolling the components. It may be advantageous to premix individual components. It may also be advantageous, moldings or semi-finished products from a at room temperature (preferably 0 to 40 ° C) produced physical Mixture (dryblend) of premixed components and / or individual To manufacture components directly.

• A) 99,9 bis 10 Gew.-Teile, bevorzugt 99,5 bis 40 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 99,0 bis 55 Gew.-Teile mindestens eines teilkristallinen thermoplastischen Polyamids und
• B) 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-Teile, vorzugsweise 0,25 bis 15 Gew.-Teile, besonders bevorzugt 1,0 bis 10 Gew-Teile mindestens eines Copolymerisats aus mindestens einem Olefin, bevorzugt einem α-Olefin, mit mindestens einem Methacrylsäureester oder Acrylsäureester eines aliphatischen Alkohols, vorzugsweise eines aliphatischen Alkohols mit 5–30 Kohlenstoffatomen wobei der MFI 100 g/10 min, vorzugsweise 150 g/10 min, nicht unterschreitet, herzustellenden Formteile, Formkörper oder Halbzeuge.

The invention also relates to the ent from the polyamide molding compositions according to the invention tend

• A) 99.9 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 99.5 to 40 parts by weight, particularly preferably 99.0 to 55 parts by weight of at least one semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide and
• B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0.25 to 15 parts by weight, particularly preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by weight of at least one copolymer of at least one olefin, preferably an α-olefin, having at least one Methacrylsäureester or acrylic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol, preferably an aliphatic alcohol having 5-30 carbon atoms wherein the MFI 100 g / 10 min, preferably 150 g / 10 min, does not fall below, molded parts, molded articles or semifinished products.

The from the inventively used Polyamide molding compounds produced moldings, moldings or Semi-finished products are characterized by a higher impact resistance from as moldings, moldings or semi-finished products of molding compositions of comparable melt viscosity, by Use of a lower viscosity base resin as component A) were. In many cases, the elongation at break of the molded parts according to the invention, moldings or semi-finished products compared to moldings, moldings or semi-finished products of molding materials higher based on a lower viscosity base resin, with the tensile modulus at the moldings of the invention only slightly is reduced and thus a material substitution is possible.

• – geringere Dichte
• – häufig isotroperes Schwindungsverhalten, das zu geringerem Verzug der Formteile führt
• – reduziertes Schwindungsverhalten, das zu geringerem Verzug der Formteile führt
• – verbesserte Hydrolysebeständigkeit
• – verbesserte Oberflächenqualität der Formteile.

The molding compositions according to the invention continue to have the following advantages in comparison with equally viscous molding compositions based on low-viscosity base resins:

• - lower density
• - often isotropic shrinkage behavior, which leads to less distortion of the moldings
• - Reduced shrinkage behavior, which leads to less distortion of the moldings
• - improved hydrolysis resistance
• - improved surface quality of the molded parts.

The molding compositions according to the invention show in comparison to equally viscous molding compositions based on lower viscosity Base resins significantly improved flowability, especially for thermoplastic processing relevant shear rates. This shows up i.a. also at significantly reduced Filling pressures.

The polyamide molding compositions according to the invention can according to usual Process, for example by injection molding or extrusion, to form parts or semi-finished products are processed. Examples of semi-finished products are films and Plates. Particularly preferred is the injection molding.

The according to the invention from the Polyamide molding compounds produced moldings, moldings or semi-finished products can small or large parts be, for example, in the automotive, electrical, electronics, telecommunications, Information technology, computer industry, household, sports, be used in medicine or the entertainment industry. In particular, you can the polyamide molding compositions according to the invention for applications be used for the high melt flowability is required. An example for Such applications is the so-called thin-wall technology, in which the moldings to be produced from the molding materials wall thicknesses of less than 2.5 mm, preferably less than 2.0 mm, more preferably less than 1.5 mm and most preferably less than 1.0 mm. Another example of Such applications include cycle time reduction e.g. by lowering the processing temperature. Another application example is the processing of the molding compounds over so-called multi-tools, in which a sprue system at least 4 forms, preferably at least 8 forms, more preferably at least 12 molds, most preferably at least 16 molds in one injection molding operation filled become.

Further can Moldings from the molding compositions of the invention for parts the cooling circuit and / or of the oil circuit used by motor vehicles.

• Component A1: Linear polyamide 6 (Durethan ^® B29, commercial product of Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) with a relative solution viscosity of 2.9 (measured in m-cresol at 25 ° C)
• Component A2: Linear polyamide 6 (Durethan ^® B26, commercial product of Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) with a relative solution viscosity of 2.6 (measured in m-cresol at 25 ° C)
• Component A3: linear polyamide 6 with a relative solution viscosity of 2.4 (measured in m-cresol at 25 ° C).
• Component A4: Linear polyamide 66 (Radipol ^® A45H, commercial product from Radici, Italy) with a relative solution viscosity of 3.0 (measured in m-cresol at 25 ° C)
• Component B1: copolymer of ethene and acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester having an ethylene content of 63% by weight and a MFI of 550 (37 Lotryl ^® EH 550 of Atofina Germany, Dusseldorf)
• Component B2: Copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester having an ethylene content of 63% by weight and a MFI of 175 (37 Lotryl ^® EH 175 of Atofina Germany, Dusseldorf)
• Comparison component V1. Copolymer of ethylene, methyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate in a proportion of 26 wt% methyl acrylate and 8% of glycidyl acrylate and an MFI of 6 (Lotader ^® AX 8900 Atofina Germany, Dusseldorf)
• Component C1: sized with silane-containing compounds Glass fiber with a diameter of 11 μm (CS 7928, commercial product of Bayer Antwerpen N.V., Antwerp, Belgium)
• Component C2: With silane-containing compounds beschlichtete glass fiber having a diameter of 10 microns (Vetrotex P983 ^®, commercial product Vetrotex Saint Gobain, Belgium)
• Component D1: magnesium hydroxide [CAS-No. 1309-42-8]
• Component D2: melamine cyanurate [CAS no. 37640-57-6]
• Component F: As further additives, the following were for use used in thermoplastic polyamides common components: nucleating agents: Talc [CAS no. 14807-96-6] in amounts of from 0.01 to 1% by weight. Stabilizer: commercial sterically hindered phenols in amounts of 0.01 to 1 wt .-%. mold release agents: N, N'-ethylene bis-stearyl amide [CAS-No. 110-30-5], calcium stearate [CAS-No. 1592-23-0] in quantities from 0.02 to 2% by weight.

The used further additives (component F) are in kind and Quantity each for the examples and comparisons with F = 0.735%, F = 2.285%, F = 0.5 % and F = 1.0%.

compositions based on PA6 or PA66 of the examples in Tables 1-3 on a ZSK32 twin-screw extruder (Werner and Pfleiderer) compounded to molding compositions at melt temperatures of 260 to 300 ° C., the melt was discharged into a water bath and then granulated.

The Test specimen of Compositions of Examples in Tables 1-3 were on an injection molding machine of the type Arburg 320-210-500 at melt temperatures of about 270 ° C (Table 1 and 3) or 280 ° C (Tab. 2) and a tool temperature of about 80 ° C to shoulder bars (3 mm Thickness according to ISO 527), Test bars 80x10x4 mm (according to ISO 178), standard test specimens for the UL94V test (0.75 mm thickness) and test pieces for the glow wire test DIN EN 60695-2-13 (1.5 and 3.0 mm thickness) sprayed.

Except for the melt viscosity measurements, all the tests listed in the following tables were carried out on the above test specimens:
Tensile test to determine tensile modulus and breaking stress in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2 / 1A
Elongation at break: Elongation determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 / 1A.
Bending test for determination of flexural modulus, flexural strength and marginal fiber elongation according to DIN EN ISO 178
Impact resistance: IZOD method according to ISO 180 / 1U at room temperature
Flammability UL 94 V: according to UL 94
GWIT: Determination of the glow wire ignition temperature according to DIN EN 60695-2-13
Melt viscosity: Determined according to DIN 54811 / ISO 11443 at the specified shear rate and temperature using the device Viscorobo 94.00 from Göttfert after drying the granules at 80 ° C. for 48 hours in a vacuum dryer.

Table 2: Reinforced PA66 molding compounds

• ¹⁾ 1008 h storage in ethylene glycol-water mixture (1: 1) at 130 ° C / 2 bar. Test (bending test, impact test) at room temperature.

Table 3: flame-retardant molding compounds

Claims (12)

Containing molding compositions A) 99.9 to 10 parts by weight at least one semicrystalline thermoplastic polyamide and B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of at least one copolymer of at least an olefin with at least one methacrylic acid ester or acrylic ester an aliphatic alcohol, wherein the MFI of the copolymer B) 100 g / 10 min not below. Molding compositions according to claim 1, characterized in that the copolymer B) to less as 4 wt .-% consists of monomer units, the more reactive functional groups (selected from the group comprising epoxides, oxetanes, anhydrides, imides, aziridines, Furans, acids, Amines, oxazolines). Molding compositions according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the copolymer B) the olefin Acrylic acid (2-ethyl) hexyl ester is copolymerized. Molding compositions according to claim 3, characterized in that in the copolymer B) the olefin is ethene. Molding compositions according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the MFI of the copolymer B) 150 g / 10 min not below. Molding compositions according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in addition to A) and B) optionally one or more component (s of the series C) 0.001 to 70 parts by weight at least one filling or reinforcing material, D) 0.001 to 30 parts by weight of at least one flame retardant additive, e) 0.001 to 80 parts by weight of at least one elastomer modifier, F) 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of further customary additives G) 0,5 up to 30 parts by weight of compatibilizer contain. Process for the preparation of the polyamide molding compositions according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the components in the corresponding Mixed by weight. Molded parts, shaped bodies or semi-finished products available by injection molding or extrusion of the molding compositions according to claims 1 to 6th Multi tools available by filling from at least 4 forms with molding compositions according to claims 1 to 6 in an injection molding process via a Angus system. Use of the molding compositions according to claims 1 to 6 in thin-wall technology. Use of the molded parts, shaped bodies or semi-finished products according to claim 8 or the multi-tools according to claim 9 in the electrical, electronics, telecommunications, automotive, Computer industry, in sports, medicine, household or in the entertainment industry. Use of the molded parts, shaped bodies or semi-finished products according to claim 8 for parts the cooling circuit and / or of the oil circuit of motor vehicles.