DE102005008955A1 - Medical implant for treating restenosis by generating reactive species in vivo in conjunction with laser light, comprises photosensitizer on its surface - Google Patents
Medical implant for treating restenosis by generating reactive species in vivo in conjunction with laser light, comprises photosensitizer on its surface Download PDFInfo
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- DE102005008955A1 DE102005008955A1 DE200510008955 DE102005008955A DE102005008955A1 DE 102005008955 A1 DE102005008955 A1 DE 102005008955A1 DE 200510008955 DE200510008955 DE 200510008955 DE 102005008955 A DE102005008955 A DE 102005008955A DE 102005008955 A1 DE102005008955 A1 DE 102005008955A1
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- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001692 polycarbonate urethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002721 polycyanoacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006216 polyvinyl aromatic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001291 polyvinyl halide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006215 polyvinyl ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006214 polyvinylidene halide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003217 pyrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003236 pyrrolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000329 smooth muscle myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical class O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0057—Photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, i.e. agent able to produce reactive oxygen species upon exposure to light or radiation, e.g. UV or visible light; photocleavage of nucleic acids with an agent
- A61K41/0071—PDT with porphyrins having exactly 20 ring atoms, i.e. based on the non-expanded tetrapyrrolic ring system, e.g. bacteriochlorin, chlorin-e6, or phthalocyanines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/216—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials with other specific functional groups, e.g. aldehydes, ketones, phenols, quaternary phosphonium groups
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/602—Type of release, e.g. controlled, sustained, slow
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft medizinische Implantate, insbesondere Stents, welche auf ihrer Oberfläche mindestens eine photosensible Substanz enthalten.The The present invention relates to medical implants, in particular Stents on their surface contain at least one photosensitive substance.
Die Stents des Standes der Technik werden bevorzugt mit hämokompatiblen Beschichtungen versehen, welche ferner noch pharmazeutische Wirkstoffe, vor allem Zytostatika, in Form eines Drug-Release-Systems enthalten können. Dennoch vermögen sämtliche dieser Ausführungsformen nicht, das Problem der Restenose wirklich zu lösen.The Stents of the prior art are preferred with hemocompatible Coatings, which also contain active pharmaceutical ingredients, especially cytostatics, in the form of a drug-release system included can. Nevertheless, you can all these embodiments not really to solve the problem of restenosis.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, medizinische Implantate bereitzustellen, welche zur Behandlung von Gefäßerkrankungen und insbesondere zur Vermeidung von Restenose geeignet sind.task the present invention is to provide medical implants, which for the treatment of vascular diseases and are particularly suitable for the prevention of restenosis.
Die Aufgabe wird durch medizinische Implantate gelöst, welche auf ihrer Oberfläche mindestens eine photosensible Substanz enthalten. Die photosensiblen Substanzen können durch Strahlung angeregt werden und bewirken die Erzeugung von Strahlung als auch von chemischen Stoffen, welche geeignet sind, Restenose zu reduzieren als auch zu vermeiden.The Task is solved by medical implants which on their surface at least contain a photosensitive substance. The photosensitive substances can be excited by radiation and cause the generation of radiation as well as chemical substances which are suitable for restenosis to reduce as well as to avoid.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, den Beispielen und der Beschreibung.Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the dependent claims, the Examples and the description.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft medizinische Implantate, welches auf ihrer Oberfläche mindestens eine photosensible Substanz aufweisen, wobei die mindestens eine photosensible Substanz in einen angeregten Zustand überführt werden kann.The The present invention relates to medical implants which on its surface have at least one photosensitive substance, wherein the at least a photosensitive substance is converted into an excited state can.
Bei den medizinischen Implantaten kann es sich um Schienen, Nägel, Gelenkimplantate, Kniegelenkimplantate, Hüftimplantate, Bandscheibenimplantate, Pedikelschrauben, Führungsstäbe, Kieferimplantate, Herzschrittmacher, Herzklappen, künstliche Gefäße und insbesondere Gefäßimplantate, Stents und Koronarstents handeln. Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Stent können aus diversen Materialien wie beispielsweise medizinischem Edelstahl, Titan, Chrom, Vanadium, Wolfram, Molybdän, Gold, Nitinol, Magnesium, Legierungen der vorgenannten Metalle oder Keramiken bestehen.at the medical implants may be rails, nails, joint implants, Knee implants, hip implants, Disc implants, pedicle screws, guide rods, jaw implants, pacemakers, Heart valves, artificial Vessels and in particular Vascular grafts, Stents and coronary stents act. The inventively used Stent can made of various materials such as medical grade stainless steel, Titanium, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, nitinol, magnesium, Alloys of the aforementioned metals or ceramics exist.
Auf diese Implantate werden photosensible Substanzen aufgetragen. Durch die Einstrahlung von Licht geeigneter Wellenlänge können die photosensiblen Substanzen in einen angeregten Zustand überführt werden, der jedoch nur von kurzer Lebensdauer ist. Bei der Rückkehr in den Grundzustand senden die photosensiblen Substanzen Strahlung aus und erzeugen oftmals auch zeitgleich reaktive chemische Stoffe, welche auf die umgebende Biomaterie einwirken.On these implants are applied to photosensitive substances. By the irradiation of light of suitable wavelength can be the photosensitive substances be converted into an excited state, However, it is only of short life. When returning to the ground state, the photosensitive substances send radiation often produce reactive chemicals at the same time, which affect the surrounding biomaterials.
Die von den photosensiblen Substanzen erzeugten chemischen Stoffe und/oder die von den photosensiblen Substanzen erzeugte Strahlung ist geeignet, beispielsweise Bakterien, Parasiten, Viren, Pilze sowie andere körperfremde als auch körpereigene Stoffe abzutöten.The chemical substances produced by the photosensitive substances and / or the radiation generated by the photosensitive substances is suitable For example, bacteria, parasites, viruses, fungi and other foreign body as well as the body's own Kill substances.
Als photosensible Substanzen werden insbesondere chemische Stoffe eingesetzt, welche delokalisierte π-Elektronen aufweisen. Derartige Stoffe sind ferner bevorzugt aromatisch. Gemäß der Formel für aromatische Systeme mit (4n + 2)-π-Elektronen, wobei n vorzugsweise eine Zahl von 1–16 bedeutet, weisen diese aromatischen Systeme bevorzugt 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 46 oder 50 Pi-Elektronen (π-e–) und insbesondere bevorzugt 18, 22 oder 26 n-Elektronen auf.As photosensitive substances in particular chemical substances are used, which have delocalized π-electrons. Such substances are also preferably aromatic. According to the formula for aromatic systems with (4n + 2) -π electrons, where n is preferably a number from 1 to 16, these aromatic systems preferably have 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38 , 42, 46 or 50 pi-electrons (π-e - ), and more preferably 18, 22 or 26 n electrons.
Somit sind aromatische Systeme mit 9, 11 oder 13 konjugierten Doppelbindungen bevorzugt. Die aromatischen Systeme können Benzolringe enthalten, wobei jedoch insbesondere cyclische aromatische Systeme bevorzugt sind. Bezüglich der cyclischen Systeme ist ferner bevorzugt, wenn die konjugierten Mehrfachbindungen, vorzugsweise Doppelbindungen, einen Monocyclus bilden, d.h. Kreuzkonjugation nicht vorliegt. Der durch die an der Konjugation teilnehmenden Mehrfachbindungen, insbesondere Doppelbindungen gebildete vorzugsweise Monocyclus kann weitere cyclische Reste oder Einheiten oder Bausteine enthalten, wobei diese in dem aromatischen Monocyclus enthaltenen kleineren Cyclen aus vorzugsweise 5 oder 6 Atomen bestehen können, welche selber auch wieder aromatische Systeme darstellen können.Consequently are aromatic systems with 9, 11 or 13 conjugated double bonds prefers. The aromatic systems may contain benzene rings, however, especially cyclic aromatic systems are preferred are. In terms of the cyclic systems is further preferred when the conjugated Multiple bonds, preferably double bonds, a monocycle form, i. Cross conjugation not present. By the at the Conjugation participating multiple bonds, especially double bonds preferably monocycle formed may contain other cyclic radicals or Contain units or building blocks, these being in the aromatic Monocycle contained smaller cycles of preferably 5 or 6 atoms can exist which themselves can again represent aromatic systems.
Die photosensiblen Substanzen enthalten vorzugsweise mindestens 7 konjugierte Mehrfachbindungen, bevorzugt konjugierte Doppelbindungen. Ferner enthalten die photosensiblen Substanzen vorzugsweise Einheiten oder Bausteine oder Fragmente oder Substituenten ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend: Pyrrole, Pyrroline, Imidazole, Pyrazole, Oxazole, Isoxazole.The Photosensitive substances preferably contain at least 7 conjugates Multiple bonds, preferably conjugated double bonds. Further The photosensitive substances preferably contain units or Building blocks or fragments or substituents selected from comprising the group: pyrroles, pyrrolines, imidazoles, pyrazoles, oxazoles, Isoxazoles.
Bei den photosensiblen Substanzen handelt es sich insbesondere um Porphyrine, monomere Porphyrine, oligomeren Porphyrine, Hämatoporphyrine, Dihämatoporphyrinether, Dihämatoporphyrinester, Tetrapyrrolringe, Chlorine, Phthalocyanine sowie Derivate, Dimere, Trimere, Tetramere oder Ooligomere der vorgenannten Substanzen.at the photosensitive substances are in particular porphyrins, monomeric porphyrins, oligomeric porphyrins, hematoporphyrins, dihematoporphyrin ethers, Dihämatoporphyrinester, Tetrapyrrole rings, chlorines, phthalocyanines and derivatives, dimers, Trimers, tetramers or ooligomers of the aforementioned substances.
Insbesondere bevorzugt sind folgende aromatische Systeme mit 9 cyclisch konjugierten Doppelbindungen und vier Pyrrolringen (allgemeine Formel I): Particularly preferred are the following aromatic systems with 9 cyclic conjugated double bonds and four pyrrole rings (general formula I):
Ferner ist bevorzugt, wenn derartige cyclische Tetrapyrrole an den meso-Positionen und/oder den β-Positionen weitere Substituenten tragen, insbesondere weitere aromatische Substituenten tragen. Auch solche Verbindungen der Formel (I) sind geeignet, welche an einem oder zwei Pyrrolringen an den β-Positionen 2 und 3 und/oder 12 und 13 hydriert sind. Es ergibt sich dann beispielsweise folgendes Grundgerüst, welches vorzugsweise an den meso- und/oder β-Positionen substituiert ist: It is further preferred if such cyclic tetrapyrroles carry further substituents at the meso positions and / or the β positions, in particular bear further aromatic substituents. Also suitable are those compounds of the formula (I) which are hydrogenated on one or two pyrrole rings at the β-positions 2 and 3 and / or 12 and 13. The following basic structure then results, for example, which is preferably substituted at the meso and / or β-positions:
Ein Beispiel für meso-substituierte Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) stellen folgende Verbindungen dar: An example of meso-substituted compounds of the general formula (I) are the following compounds:
Beispiele für an den β-Positionen substituierte Verbindungen sind: Examples of compounds substituted at the β-positions are:
Ferner sind auch dimere oder oligomere Verbindungen mit einem der vorgenannten Grundgerüste bevorzugt. Beispiele für dimere Verbindungen sind beispielsweise Dihematoporphyrinether (VI) oder Dihematoporphyrinester (VII) der folgenden Struktur: Furthermore, dimeric or oligomeric compounds with one of the abovementioned basic skeletons are also preferred. Examples of dimeric compounds are, for example, dihematoporphyrin ether (VI) or dihematoporphyrin ester (VII) of the following structure:
Eine Dimerisierung oder Oligomerisierung braucht nicht zwingend über Reste an den β-Positionen zu erfolgen, sondern kann auch über an den meso-Positionen befindlichen Brücken geschehen, wobei jedoch die β-Positionen bevorzugt sind. Folgende Struktur zeigt eine Dimerisierung über einen an die β-Positionen angelagerten Benzolkern: Dimerization or oligomerization need not necessarily occur via residues at the β-positions, but can also occur via bridges located at the meso positions, but the β-positions are preferred. The following structure shows a dimerization via a benzene nucleus attached to the β-positions:
Insbesondere
sind Verbindungen der folgenden allgemeinen Formeln II–V bevorzugt: worin
R1 bis R12 unabhängig voneinander
Substituenten bedeuten können
ausgewählt
aus der Gruppe umfassend Alkylreste mit 1–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkenylreste
mit 1–30
Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkinylreste mit 1–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, Fettsäurereste
mit 1–30
Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkylarylreste mit 1–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, Arylalkylreste
mit 1–30
Kohlenstoffatomen, Aromaten mit 4–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, Heteroaromaten
mit 2–30
Kohlenstoffatomen, Cycloaklylreste mit 1–30 Kohlenstoffatomen, Heterocyclylreste
mit 1–30
Kohlenstoffatomen, wobei diese Reste mit einer oder mehreren funktionellen
Gruppen derivatisiert sein können.In particular, compounds of the following general formulas II-V are preferred: wherein
R 1 to R 12 independently of one another may represent substituents selected from the group comprising alkyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, alkenyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, alkynyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, fatty acid radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, alkylaryl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, Arylalkyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, aromatics having 4-30 carbon atoms, heteroaromatics having 2-30 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, heterocyclyl radicals having 1-30 carbon atoms, which radicals may be derivatized with one or more functional groups.
Ferner können auch zwei benachbarte Reste wiederum einen Cyclus ausbilden, der auch aromatisch sein kann und/oder auch ein oder mehrere Heteroatome enthalten sowie weitere funktionelle Gruppen aufweisen kann.Further can also two adjacent radicals turn to form a cycle, the may also be aromatic and / or one or more heteroatoms contain and may have other functional groups.
Als funktionelle Gruppe, welche auch anstelle der Reste bzw. für die R1 bis R12 eingesetzt werden können, sind insbesondere folgende zu nennen: -H, -OH, -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -O-cyclo-C3H5, -OCH(CH3)2, -OC(CH3)3, -OC4H9, -OPh, -OCH2-Ph, -OCPh3, -SH, -SCH3, -SC2H5, -SC3H7, -S-cyclo-C3H5, -SCH(CH3)2, -SC(CH3)3, -NO2, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -N3, -CN, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCH3, -COC2H5, -COC3H7, -CO-cyclo-C3H5, -COCH(CH3)2, -COC(CH3)3, -COOH, -COCN, -COOCH3, -COOC2H5, -COOC3H7, -COO-cyclo-C3H5, -COOCH(CH3)2, -COOC(CH3)3, -OOC-CH3, -OOC-C2H5, -OOC-C3H7, -OOC-cyclo-C3H5, -OOC-CH(CH3)2, -OOC-C(CH3)3, -CONH2, -CONHCH3, -CONHC2H5, -CONHC3H7, -CONH-cyclo-C3H5, -CONH[CH(CH3)2], -CONH[C(CH3)3], -CON(CH3)2, -CON(C2H5)2, -CON(C3H7)2, -CON(cyclo-C3H5)2, -CON[CH(CH3)2]2, -CON[C(CH3)3]2, -NH2, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, -NHC3H7, -NH-cyclo-C3H5, -NHCH(CH3)2, -NHC(CH3)3, -N(CH3)2, -N(C2H5)2, -N(C3H7)2, -N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -N[CH(CH3)2]2, -N[C(CH3)3]2, -SOCH3, -SOC2H5, -SOC3H7, -SO-cyclo-C3H5, -SOCH(CH3)2, -SOC(CH3)3, -SO2CH3, -SO2C2H5, -SO2C3H7, -SO2-cyclo-C3H5, -SO2CH(CH3)2, -SO2C(CH3)3, -SO3H, -SO3CH3, -SO3C2H5, -SO3C3H7, -SO3-cyclo-C3H5, -SO3CH(CH3)2, -SO3C(CH3)3, -OCF3, -OC2F5, -O-COOCH3, -O-COOC2H5, -O-COOC3H7, -O-COO-cyclo-C3H5, -O-COOCH(CH3)2, -O-COOC(CH3)3, -NH-CO-NH2, -NH-CO-NHCH3, -NH-CO-NHC2H5, -NH-CO-NHC3H7, -NH-CO-NH-cyclo-C3H5, -NH-CO-NH[CH(CH3)2], -NH-CO-NH[C(CH3)3], -NH-CO-N(CH3)2, -NH-CO-N(C2H5)2, -NH-CO-N(C3H7)2, -NH-CO-N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -NH-CO-N[CH(CH3)2]2, -NH-CO-N[C(CH3)3]2, -NH-CS-NH2, -NH-CS-NHCH3, -NH-CS-NHC2H5, -NH-CS-NHC3H7, -NH-CS-NH-cyclo-C3H5, -NH-CS-NH[CH(CH3)2], -NH-CS-NH[C(CH3)3], -NH-CS-N(CH3)2, -NH-CS-N(C2H5)2, -NH-CS-N(C3H7)2, -NH-CS-N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -NH-CS-N[CH(CH3)2]2, -NH-C(=NH)-N[C(CH3)3]2, -NH-C(=NH)-NH2, -NH-C(=NH)-NHCH3, -NH-C(=NH)-NHC2H5, -NH-C(=NH)-NHC3H7, -NH-C(=NH)-NH-cyclo-C3H5, -NH-C(=NH)-N(CH3)2, -NH-C(=NH)-NH[CH(CH3)2], -NH-C(=NH)-NH[C(CH3)3], -NH-C(=NH)-N(C2H5)2, -NH-C(=NH)-N(C3H7)2, -NH-C(=NH)-N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -NH-CS-N[C(CH3)3]2, -NH-C(=NH)-N[CH(CH3)2]2, -O-CO-NH2, -O-CO-NHCH3, -O-CO-NHC2H5, -O-CO-NHC3H7, -O-CO-NH-cyclo-C3H5, -O-CO-NH[CH(CH3)2], -O-CO-NH[C(CH3)3], -O-CO-N(CH3)2, -O-CO-N(C2H5)2, -O-CO-N(C3H7)2, -O-CO-N(cyclo-C3H5)2, -O-CO-N[CH(CH3)2]2, -O-CO-N[C(CH3)3]2, -O-CO-OCH3, -O-CO-OC2H5, -O-CO-OC3H7, -O-CO-O-cyclo-C3Hs, -O-CO-OCH(CH3)2, -O-CO-OC(CH3)3, -CH2F, -CHF2, -CF3, -CH2Cl, -CH2Br, -CH2I, -CH2-CH2F, -CH2-CHF2, -CH2-CF3, -CH2-CH2Cl, -CH2-CH2Br, -CH2-CH2I, -CH3, -C2H5, -C3H7, -cyclo-C3H5, -CH(CH3)2, -C(CH3)3, -C4H9, -CH2-CH(CH3)2, -CH(CH3)-C2H5, -Ph, -CH2-Ph, -CPh3, -CH=CH2, -CH2-CH=CH2, -C(CH3)=CH2, -CH=CH-CH3, -C2H4-CH=CH2, -CH=C(CH3)2, -C=CH, -C=C-CH3, -CH2-C=CH; As a functional group, which can also be used instead of the radicals or for the R 1 to R 12 , the following may be mentioned in particular: -H, -OH, -OCH 3 , -OC 2 H 5 , -OC 3 H 7 , -O-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -OCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -OC (CH 3 ) 3 , -OC 4 H 9 , -OPh, -OCH 2 -Ph, -OCPh 3 , -SH, -SCH 3 , -SC 2 H 5 , -SC 3 H 7 , -S-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -SCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -SC (CH 3 ) 3 , -NO 2 , -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -N 3 , -CN, -OCN, -NCO, -SCN, -NCS, -CHO, -COCH 3 , -COC 2 H 5 , -COC 3 H 7 , -CO-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -COCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -COC (CH 3 ) 3 , -COOH, -COCN, -COOCH 3 , -COOC 2 H 5 , -COOC 3 H 7 , -COO-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -COOCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -COOC (CH 3 ) 3 , -OOC-CH 3 , -OCO-C 2 H 5 , -OCO-C 3 H 7 , -OCO-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -OOC-CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -OOC-C (CH 3 ) 3 , -CONH 2 , -CONHCH 3 , -CONHC 2 H 5 , -CONHC 3 H 7 , -CONH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -CONH [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ], -CONH [C (CH 3 ) 3 ], -CON (CH 3 ) 2 , -CON (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , -CON (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -CON (cycloC 3 H 5 ) 2 , -CON [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -CON [C (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -NH 2 , -NHCH 3 , -NHC 2 H 5 , -NHC 3 H 7 , -NH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -NHCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -NHC (CH 3 ) 3 , -N (CH 3 ) 2 , -N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , -N (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -N (cyclo-C 3 H 5 ) 2 , -N [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -N [C (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -SOCH 3 , -SOC 2 H 5 , -SOC 3 H 7 , -SO-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -SOCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -SOC (CH 3 ) 3 , -SO 2 CH 3 , -SO 2 C 2 H 5 , -SO 2 C 3 H 7 , -SO 2 -cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -SO 2 CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -SO 2 C (CH 3 ) 3 , -SO 3 H, -SO 3 CH 3 , -SO 3 C 2 H 5 , -SO 3 C 3 H 7 , -SO 3 -cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -SO 3 CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -SO 3 C (CH 3 ) 3 , -OCF 3 , -OC 2 F 5 , -O-COOCH 3 , -O-COOC 2 H 5 , -O-COOC 3 H 7 , -O-COO-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -O-COOCH ( CH 3 ) 2 , -O-COOC (CH 3 ) 3 , -NH-CO-NH 2 , -NH-CO-NHCH 3 , -NH-CO-NHC 2 H 5 , -NH-CO-NHC 3 H 7 , -NH-CO-NH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -NH-CO-NH [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ], -NH-CO-NH [C (CH 3 ) 3 ], -NH-CO- N (CH 3 ) 2 , -NH-CO-N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , -NH-CO-N (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -NH-CO-N (cyclo-C 3 H 5 ) 2 , -NH-CO-N [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -NH-CO-N [C (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -NH-CS-NH 2 , -NH-CS-NHCH 3 , NH-CS-NHC 2 H 5 , -NH-CS-NHC 3 H 7 , -NH-CS-NH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -NH-CS-NH [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ], -NH-CS-NH [C (CH 3 ) 3 ], -NH-CS-N (CH 3 ) 2 , -NH-CS-N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , -NH-CS-N (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -NH-CS-N (cyclo-C 3 H 5 ) 2 , -NH-CS-N [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -NH-C (= NH) -N [C ( CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -NH-C (= NH) -NH 2 , -NH-C (= NH) -NHCH 3 , -NH-C (= NH) -NHC 2 H 5 , -NH-C ( = NH) -NHC 3 H 7 , -NH-C (= NH) -NH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -NH-C (= NH) -N (CH 3 ) 2 , -NH-C (= NH ) -NH [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ], -NH-C (= NH) -NH [C (CH 3 ) 3 ], -NH-C (= NH) -N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , - NH-C (= NH) -N (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -NH-C (= NH) -N (cyclo-C 3 H 5 ) 2 , -NH-CS-N [C (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -NH-C (= NH) -N [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -O-CO-NH 2 , -O-CO-NHCH 3 , -O-CO-NHC 2 H 5 , - O-CO-NHC 3 H 7 , -O-CO-NH-cyclo-C 3 H 5 , -O-CO-NH [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ], -O-CO-NH [C (CH 3 ) 3 ], -O-CO-N (CH 3 ) 2 , -O-CO-N (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , -O-CO-N (C 3 H 7 ) 2 , -O-CO-N ( cyclo-C 3 H 5 ) 2 , -O-CO-N [CH (CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 , -O-CO-N [C (CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 , -O-CO-OCH 3 , O-CO-OC 2 H 5 , -O-CO-OC 3 H 7 , -O-CO-O-cyclo-C 3 Hs, -O-CO-OCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -O-CO-OC (CH 3 ) 3 , -CH 2 F, -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 Br, -CH 2 I, -CH 2 -CH 2 F, -CH 2 -CHF 2 , - CH 2 -CF 3 , -CH 2 -CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 -CH 2 Br, -CH 2 -CH 2 I, -CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 , -C 3 H 7 , -cyclo-C 3 H 5 , CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -C (CH 3 ) 3 , -C 4 H 9 , -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH (CH 3 ) -C 2 H 5 , -Ph, -CH 2 -Ph, -CPh 3 , -CH = CH 2 , -CH 2 -CH = CH 2 , -C (CH 3 ) = CH 2 , -CH = CH-CH 3 , -C 2 H 4 -CH = CH 2 , -CH = C (CH 3 ) 2 , -C = CH, -C = C-CH 3 , -CH 2 -C = CH;
Die photosensiblen Substanzen sind in der Regel Stoffe, welche fluoreszierende und/oder zumeist phosphoreszierende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Diese Stoffe verdanken ihre fluoreszierenden Eigenschaften einer Lichtabsorption im ultravioletten Bereich (200 – 400 nm). Zumeist liegt die maximale Absorption bei der sogenannten Soret Bande, d.h. bei 370 nm.The Photosensitive substances are usually substances which are fluorescent and / or have mostly phosphorescent properties. These Substances owe their fluorescent properties to light absorption in the ultraviolet range (200-400 nm). In most cases, the maximum absorption is in the so-called Soret Band, i. at 370 nm.
Ferner besitzen die photosensiblen Substanzen zumeist weitere Absorptionsbanden absteigender Intensität zwischen 500 und 630 nm. Bei photosensiblen Substanzen, welche ihr Absorptionsmaximum im Bereich von 370 nm haben, wird klinisch das infrarote Spektrum (400 . 800 nm) zu ihrer Anregung verwendet. Gründe hierfür sind die längeren Wellenlängen des infraroten Lichts und die Eigenschaft von Säugetiergeweben, ihre maximale Lichteindringtiefe im höheren Wellenlängenbereich von 600–850 nm (infrarotes Licht) aufzuweisen.Further the photosensitive substances usually have more absorption bands descending intensity between 500 and 630 nm. For photosensitive substances, which you Absorption maximum in the range of 370 nm, clinically will infrared spectrum (400, 800 nm) used for their excitation. Reasons for this are the longer wavelength of infrared light and the property of mammalian tissues, their maximum Light penetration depth in the higher Wavelength range from 600-850 nm (infrared light).
Ferner ist bevorzugt, wenn die mindestens eine photosensible Substanz lipophil ist oder zusammen mit einem lipophilen Polymer auf die Implantatsoberfläche aufgetragen wird. Dies führt zur längeren und festeren Anhaftung der photosensiblen Substanzen auf der Implantatsoberfläche, insbesondere der inneren und äußeren Oberfläche eines Gefäßimplantats. Die bevorzugten photosensiblen Substanzen zeigen eine lineare Korrelation zwischen dem Substanzgehalt und der emittierten Fluoreszenz.Further is preferred when the at least one photosensitive substance is lipophilic or is applied to the implant surface together with a lipophilic polymer becomes. this leads to to the longer and stronger adhesion of the photosensitive substances on the implant surface, in particular the inner and outer surface of a Vascular graft. The preferred photosensitive substances show a linear correlation between the substance content and the emitted fluorescence.
Die erfindungsgemäße Beschichtung sowie die ertindungsgemäßen Implantate, insbesondere Stents sind nach Anregung dazu in der Lage, ihre Energie auf umliegendes Gewebe, Biomoleküle und umliegende Zellen zu übertragen und diese abzutöten, sei es durch direkte Lyse, durch oxidierende Substanzen, durch Substanzen, welche oxidativen Stress auslösen, durch zytotoxisch oder zytostatisch wirkende Substanzen, durch antiangiogene Substanzen oder durch Apoptose induzierende Substanzen. Dadurch werden Zellen wie beispielsweise Tumorzellen, Bakterienzellen oder auch glatte Muskelzellen oder Endothelzellen direkt oder indirekt abgetötet. Die erfindungsgemäßen Implantate sind somit geeignet, bei der Tumorbekämpfung eingesetzt zu werden, Restenose zu verhindern oder den Befall der Implantatsoberfläche mit Pathogenen wie beispielsweise Viren, Bakterien oder anderen Erregern zu unterdrücken.The coating according to the invention and the implants according to the invention, In particular stents are able to stimulate their energy on surrounding tissue, biomolecules and to transfer surrounding cells and kill them be it by direct lysis, by oxidizing substances, by substances, which cause oxidative stress, by cytotoxic or cytostatic substances, by antiangiogenic Substances or apoptosis-inducing substances. Thereby are cells such as tumor cells, bacterial cells or also smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells directly or indirectly killed. The implants according to the invention are thus suitable for use in the fight against tumors, To prevent restenosis or infestation of the implant surface with Pathogens such as viruses, bacteria or other agents to suppress.
Die durch die photosensiblen Substanzen verursachte Gewebedestruktion (z.B. in Tumorgewebe) bzw. der Prozeß des induzierten Zelltods werden vermutlich auf zweierlei Wegen erreicht.The tissue destruction caused by the photosensitive substances (e.g., in tumor tissue) or the process of induced cell death are probably achieved in two ways.
Dabei werden die photosensiblen Substanzen durch entsprechende Einstrahlung von Licht geeigneter Wellenlänge angeregt. Durch Absorption von Photonen geht die photosensible Substanz aus dem Grundzustand So in den angeregten und kurzlebigen (10–9 bis 10–6 Sekunden) Singulett-Zustand (1PS*) und anschließend via "Intersystem Crossing (ISC)" in den angeregten Triplett-Zustand (3PS*) über.The photosensitive substances are excited by appropriate irradiation of light of suitable wavelength. By absorption of photons, the photosensitive substance goes from the ground state So in the excited and short-lived (10 -9 to 10 -6 seconds) singlet state ( 1 PS *) and then via "Intersystem Crossing (ISC)" in the excited triplet Condition ( 3 hp *) over.
Dem angeregten Triplett-Zustand (3PS*) stehen nun zwei Reaktionswege offen. Zum einen kann eine direkte Interaktion der durch Licht angeregten und sich im Triplett-Zustand befindenden photosensiblen Substanzen mit den Biomolekülen des umgebenden Gewebes erfolgen. Eine derartige Interaktion kann zu einem Elektronentransfer zwischen der photosensiblen Substanz und umgebenden Zellen bzw. dem umgebenden Gewebe führen. Dabei werden Radikale freigesetzt, welche mit Sauerstoff reagieren und eine Vielzahl von Sauerstoff-Intermediaten erzeugen, wie beispielsweise Singulettsauerstoff (1O2), Wasserstoffperoxid (N2O2), Superoxidanion (O2 –), Hydroxylradikal (OH), Hydroperoxylradikal (HO2), welche mit den umgebenden Biomolekülen unter Oxidation reagieren.The excited triplet state ( 3 hp *) now has two reaction pathways open. On the one hand, a direct interaction of the light-excited and triplet-state photosensitive substances with the biomolecules of the surrounding tissue can take place. Such an interaction may result in electron transfer between the photosensitive substance and surrounding cells or tissue. It liberates free radicals which react with oxygen and generate a variety of oxygen intermediates, such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (N 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 - ), hydroxyl radical (OH), hydroperoxyl radical (HO 2 ), which react with the surrounding biomolecules under oxidation.
Zum anderen kann die photosensible Substanz aus dem angeregten Singulett-Zustand wieder auf den Grundzustand abfallen, was zur Lichtemission (Fluoreszenz) führt. Beiden Wege haben jedoch zur Konsequenz, dass Energie auf umliegendes Gewebe oder umliegende Zellen übertragen wird und diese damit in ihrem Wachstum hemmt. Ferner werden reaktive Sauerstoffspezies gebildet, welche umliegende Biomoleküle schädigen und zur Zelldestruktion führen.On the other hand, the photosensible substance can fall back to the ground state from the excited singlet state, which leads to light emission (fluorescence). Both ways, however, have the consequences In addition, energy is transmitted to surrounding tissue or surrounding cells and thus inhibits their growth. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species are formed which damage surrounding biomolecules and lead to cell destruction.
Bei insbesondere bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden photosensible Substanzen auf die Oberfläche, insbesondere die innere Oberfläche von Gefäßimplantaten, insbesondere Koronarstents aufgetragen. Derartige Stents eignen sich hervorragend zur Verhinderung von Restenose oder zur Behandlung von auftretender Restenose. Werden die photosensiblen Substanzen angeregt, vermögen sie den Innendurchmesser des Stent offen zu halten bzw. bereits abgesiedelte Zellen abzutöten und somit einen erneuten Gefäßverschluß zu verhindern.at in particular preferred embodiments According to the present invention, photosensitive substances are applied to the Surface, especially the inner surface of vascular implants, especially coronary stents applied. Such stents are suitable Excellent for preventing restenosis or for treatment from occurring restenosis. Become the photosensitive substances stimulated, able they keep the inside diameter of the stent open or already killing off settled cells and thus prevent a renewed vascular occlusion.
Dabei können die photosensiblen Substanzen direkt auf die Stentoberfläche aufgetragen werden. Auch kann nach der Auftragung eine Quervernetzung dieser Substanzen erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist jedoch, die mindestens eine photosensiblen Substanze, d.h. die photosensiblen Substanzen mindestens einer Substanzklasse in eine polymere Matrix einzubetten und/oder darauf aufzutragen.there can the photosensitive substances applied directly to the stent surface become. Also, after the application, a cross-linking of this Substances take place. However, it is preferred that the at least one photosensitive Substance, i. the photosensitive substances of at least one substance class embedded in a polymeric matrix and / or applied to it.
Als Polymere kommen resorbierbare, bioabbaubare, hämokompatible und/oder biostabile Polymere in Frage, wobei die biostabilen Polymeren bevorzugt sind. Als biostabile Polymere können eingesetzt werden: Polyacrylsäure und Polyacrylate wie Polymethylmethacrylat, Polybutylmethacrylat, Polyacrylamid, Polyacrylonitrile, Polyamide, Polyetheramide, Polyethylenamin, Polyimide, Polycarbonate, Polycarbourethane, Polyvinylketone, Polyvinylhalogenide, Polyvinylidenhalogenide, Polyvinylether, Polyisobutylene, Polyvinylaromaten, Polyvinylester, Polyvinylpyrollidone, Polyoxymethylene, Polytetramethylenoxid, Polyethylen, Polypropylen, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polyurethane, Polyetherurethane Silicon-Polyetherurethane, Silicon-Polyurethane, Silicon-Polycarbonat-Urethane, Polyolefin-Elastomere, Polyisobutylene, EPDM-Gummis, Fluorosilicone, Carboxymethylchitosane, Polyaryletheretherketone, Polyetheretherketone, Polyethylenterephtalat, Polyvalerate, Carboxymethylcellulose, Cellulose, Rayon, Rayontriacetate, Cellulosenitrate, Celluloseacetate, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Cellulosebutyrate, Celluloseacetatbutyrate, Ethylvinylacetat-copolymere, Polysulfone, Epoxyharze, ABS-Harze, EPDM-Gummis, Silicone wie Polysiloxane, Polydimethylsiloxane, Polyvinylhalogene und Copolymere, Celluloseether, Cellulosetriacetate. Chitosane und Copolymere und/oder Mischungen dieser Substanzen.When Polymers are resorbable, biodegradable, hemocompatible and / or biostable Polymers in question, wherein the biostable polymers are preferred. As biostable polymers can be used: polyacrylic acid and polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, Polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyetheramides, polyethyleneamine, Polyimides, polycarbonates, polycarbourethanes, polyvinyl ketones, polyvinyl halides, Polyvinylidene halides, polyvinyl ethers, polyisobutylenes, polyvinylaromatics, polyvinyl esters, Polyvinyl pyrollidones, polyoxymethylenes, polytetramethylene oxide, polyethylene, Polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethanes, polyether urethanes Silicone-polyether-urethanes, Silicone polyurethanes, silicone-polycarbonate urethanes, polyolefin elastomers, polyisobutylenes, EPDM rubbers, fluorosilicones, carboxymethyl chitosans, polyaryletheretherketones, Polyetheretherketones, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvalerates, carboxymethylcellulose, Cellulose, rayon, rayon triacetates, cellulose nitrates, cellulose acetates, Hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose butyrates, cellulose acetate butyrates, Ethyl vinyl acetate copolymers, polysulfones, epoxy resins, ABS resins, EPDM rubbers, silicones such as polysiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, polyvinylhalogens and copolymers, cellulose ethers, cellulose triacetates. Chitosan and Copolymers and / or mixtures of these substances.
Als bioabbaubare Polymere können verwendet werden: Polyvalerolactone, Poly-ε-Decalactone, Polylactonsäure, Polyglycolsäure Polylactide, Polyglycolide, Copolymere der Polylactide und Polyglycolide, Poly-ε-caprolacton, Polyhydroxybuttersäure, Polyhydroxybutyrate, Polyhydroxyvalerate, Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate, Poly(1,4-dioxan-2,3-dione), Poly(1,3-dioxan-2-one), Poly-para-dioxanone, Polyanhydride wie Polymaleinsäureanhydride, Polyhydroxymethacrylate, Fibrin, Polycyanoacrylate, Polycaprolactondimethylacrylate, Poly-β-Maleinsäure Polycaprolactonbutylacrylate, Multiblockpolymere wie z.B. aus Oligocaprolactondiole und Oligodioxanondiole, Polyetherestermultiblockpolymere wie z.B. PEG und Poly(butylenterephtalat), Polypivotolactone, Polyglycolsäuretrimethylcarbonate Polycaprolacton-glycolide, Poly(γ-ethylglutamat), Poly(DTH-iminocarbonat), Poly(DTE-co-DT-carbonat), Poly(bisphenol A-iminocarbonat), Polyorthoester, Polyglycolsäuretrimethylcarbonate, Polytrimethylcarbonate Polyiminocarbonate, Poly(N-vinyl)-pyrrolidon, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyesteramide, glycolierte Polyester, Polyphosphoester, Polyphosphazene, Poly[(p-carboxyphenoxy)propan] Polyhydroxypentansäure, Polyanhydride, Polyethylenoxidpropylenoxid, weiche Polyurethane, Polyurethane mit Aminosäurereste im Backbone, Polyetherester wie das Polyethylenoxid, Polyalkenoxalate, Polyorthoester sowie deren Copolymere, Lipide, Carrageenane, Fibrinogen, Stärke, Kollagen, Protein-basierende Polymere, Polyaminosäuren, synthetische Polyaminosäuren, Zein, modifiziertes Zein, Polyhydroxyalkanoate, Pectinsäure, Actinsäure, modifiziertes und unmodifiziertes Fibrin und Casein, Carboxymethylsulfat, Albumin, Hyaluronsäure, Chitosan und seine Derivate, Heparansulfate und seine Derivate, Heparine, Chondroitinsulfat, Dextran, β-Cyclodextrine, Copolymere mit PEG und Polypropylenglycol, Gummi arabicum, Guar, Gelatine, Collagen Collagen-N-Hydroxysuccinimid, Lipide, Phospholipide, Modifikationen und Copolymere und/oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Substanzen.When biodegradable polymers can polyvalerolactones, poly-ε-decalactones, polylactonic acid, polyglycolic acid polylactides, Polyglycolides, copolymers of polylactides and polyglycolides, poly-ε-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric, Polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerates, Poly (1,4-dioxane-2,3-diones), poly (1,3-dioxan-2-ones), poly-para-dioxanones, Polyanhydrides such as polymaleic anhydrides, Polyhydroxymethacrylates, fibrin, polycyanoacrylates, polycaprolactone dimethylacrylates, Poly-β-maleic acid polycaprolactone butylacrylate, Multiblock polymers, e.g. from oligocaprolactone diols and oligodioxanone diols, Polyetherester multiblock polymers such as e.g. PEG and poly (butylene terephthalate), polypivotolactones, Polyglycolsäuretrimethylcarbonate Polycaprolactone-glycolides, poly (γ-ethylglutamate), Poly (DTH-iminocarbonate), poly (DTE-co-DT-carbonate), poly (bisphenol A-iminocarbonate), polyorthoesters, polyglycolic acid trimethylcarbonates, polytrimethylcarbonates Polyiminocarbonates, poly (N-vinyl) -pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, Polyesteramides, glycolated polyesters, polyphosphoesters, polyphosphazenes, Poly [(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane] polyhydroxypentanoic acid, polyanhydrides, Polyethylenoxidpropylenoxid, soft polyurethanes, polyurethanes with amino acid residues in the backbone, polyether esters such as polyethylene oxide, polyalkene oxalates, Polyorthoesters and their copolymers, lipids, carrageenans, fibrinogen, Strength, Collagen, protein-based polymers, polyamino acids, synthetic polyaminoacids, Zein, modified zein, polyhydroxyalkanoates, pectinic acid, actinic acid, modified and unmodified fibrin and casein, carboxymethylsulfate, albumin, hyaluronic acid, Chitosan and its derivatives, heparan sulphates and its derivatives, Heparins, chondroitin sulfate, dextran, β-cyclodextrins, copolymers with PEG and Polypropylene glycol, gum arabic, guar, gelatin, collagen collagen N-hydroxysuccinimide, Lipids, phospholipids, modifications and copolymers and / or mixtures the aforementioned substances.
Die Anregung der photosensiblen Substanzen erfolgt durch Strahlung, d.h. Lichtenergie, beispielweise erzeugt durch einen Laser.The Excitation of the photosensitive substances takes place by radiation, i.e. Light energy, for example produced by a laser.
Des weiteren umfaßt die vorliegende Erfindung ein Stent-Katheter-System umfassend einen erfindungsgemäßen Stent, der auf einen Katheter, insbesondere einen PTCA oder PTA-Katheter aufgesetzt ist, wobei der Ballon des Katheters in seinem Inneren mindestens eine photosensible Substanz enthält, welche aus dem Ballon freigesetzt werden kann.Of further comprises the present invention is a stent-catheter system comprising a stent according to the invention, on a catheter, in particular a PTCA or PTA catheter is attached, with the balloon of the catheter in its interior contains at least one photosensitive substance released from the balloon can be.
Bei der mindestens einen photosensiblen Substanz kann es sich um dieselbe photosensible Substanz handeln, welche auch auf dem Stent aufgetragen worden ist. Dies ist jedoch nicht zwingend, so dass auch zwei oder mehr unterschiedliche photosensible Substanzen bzw. photosensible Substanzklassen auf Stent und im Ballon verwendet werden können.at the at least one photosensitive substance may be the same act photosensible substance, which is also applied to the stent has been. However, this is not mandatory, so that two or more different photosensitive substances or photosensitive Substance classes on stent and balloon can be used.
Die Moleküle der mindestens einen im Ballon enthaltenen photosensiblen Substanzklasse liegen im Ballon vorzugsweise in gelöster Form vor. In der Regel werden physiologisch verträgliche Lösungen, beispielsweise physiologische Kochsalzlösungen verwendet. Der Ballon besitzt ferner entsprechende Öffnungen, welche vorzugsweise in gleichen Abständen um den gesamten Ballon angeordnet sind und welche zum Austritt der photosensiblen Substanzen bzw. ihrer Lösungen dienen.The molecules the at least one contained in the balloon photosensitive substance class are present in the balloon preferably in dissolved form. Usually become physiologically compatible Solutions, For example, used physiological saline solutions. The balloon also has corresponding openings, which preferably at equal intervals around the entire balloon are arranged and which to exit the photosensitive substances or their solutions serve.
Bei der Ballondilatation erfolgt zum einen die Expansion und damit Platzierung des Stent und gleichzeitig die Freisetzung von gelösten photosensiblen Substanzen im Bereich der Stentimplantation.at The balloon dilatation takes place on the one hand, the expansion and thus placement the stent and at the same time the release of dissolved photosensitive Substances in the field of stent implantation.
Für diese Freisetzung ist der Ballon so ausgestaltet, dass er entweder zwei Kammern besitzt, wobei die innere mit Luft gefüllt werden kann und in der um die innere Kammer liegenden äußeren Kammer sich die Lösung der photosensiblen Substanzen befindet, welche bei der Expansion freigesetzt werden können oder der Ballon ist derart ausgestaltet, dass er nicht durch die Zufuhr von Luft sondern durch die Zufuhr einer physiologisch verträglichen Lösung, insbesondere derselben Lösung wie in dem Ballon vorhanden ist, zur Expansion gebracht wird.For this Release the balloon is designed so that it either two Has chambers, wherein the inner can be filled with air and in the around the inner chamber lying outer chamber the solution of the photosensitive substances which are in the expansion can be released or the balloon is designed such that it is not affected by the Supply of air but by the supply of a physiologically tolerable Solution, especially the same solution as is present in the balloon, is brought to expansion.
Nach erfolgter Stentimplantation befinden sich dann photosensible Substanzen auf der Stentoberfläche in immobilisierter Form und in dem Bereich, wo der Stent implantiert wurde in gelöster Form. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass nun bei der nachfolgenden Strahlenbehandlung ein Zellwachstum insbesondere innerhalb der ersten 7 Tage nach Stentimplantation durch die erhöhte und auch um den Stent verteilte Konzentration an photosensiblen Substanzen deutlich stärker unterbunden werden kann als bei eventuell nötigen Nachbehandlungen mit geeigneter Anregungsstrahlung, da sich bei diesen eventuellen Nachbehandlungen die photosensiblen Substanzen dann nur noch auf dem Stent selbst befinden.To stent implantation is then photosensible substances on the stent surface in immobilized form and in the area where the stent is implanted was dissolved in Shape. This has the advantage that now in the subsequent radiation treatment cell growth especially within the first 7 days after stent placement through the increased and also around the stent distributed concentration of photosensitive Substances much stronger can be prevented as with any necessary after-treatment with suitable excitation radiation, as in these eventual post-treatments the photosensitive substances then only on the stent itself are located.
Verwendet man unterschiedliche photosensible Substanzen auf dem Stent und in dem Ballon mit anderen Absorptionsmaxima, so kann man je nach Wellenlänge des eingestrahlten Lichts steuern, ob die auf dem Stent immobilisierten photosensiblen Substanzen oder die frei beweglich im Blut befindlichen photosensiblen Substanzen angeregt werden sollen.used one different photosensible substances on the stent and in the balloon with other absorption maxima, so you can depending on wavelength of the incoming light control whether the immobilized on the stent photosensitive substances or those freely floating in the blood photosensitive substances should be stimulated.
Bei einer eventuell erforderlichen oder prophylaktisch vorgenommenen Nachbehandlung mit die photosensiblen Substanzen anregender Strahlung werden dann nur noch die auf dem Stent befindlichen photosensiblen Substanzen angeregt und entfalten ihre Wirkung dann gezielt auf das den Stent umgebende Gewebe.at any necessary or prophylactic After-treatment with the photosensitive substances of stimulating radiation then only the photosensitive ones located on the stent become Stimulated substances and then develop their effect targeted the tissue surrounding the stent.
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Aus einer photosensiblen Substanz (0,5 g) mit einem Grundgerüst gemäß allgemeiner Formel (I) wird eine Lösung in Methanol hergestellt. Dieser methanolischen Lösung wird ein Polylactid und ein Polyglykolid zugesetzt.Out a photosensitive substance (0.5 g) having a backbone according to more general Formula (I) becomes a solution produced in methanol. This methanolic solution becomes a polylactide and a polyglycolide added.
Ein Nitinol Stent wird mehrmals in die erhaltene Mischung getaucht, bis sich ein Polymerfilm auf der Stentoberfläche gebildet hat.One Nitinol stent is dipped several times in the resulting mixture, until a polymer film has formed on the stent surface.
Der beschichtete sterile Stent wird auf einen Ballondilatationskatheter aufgesetzt und in die A. femoralis superficialis eines Schweins implantiert.Of the coated sterile stent is placed on a balloon dilatation catheter put on and in the A. femoralis superficialis of a pig implanted.
Nun wird ein Argon-dye Laser (AOC PDT Lasercare 25, Applied Optronics Corporation; New Jersey, USA) in das Inneren des expandierten Stent eingeführt und die photosensiblen Substanzen wurden über einen Zeitraum von 1.000 Sekunden durch den Laser angeregt. Dabei wurde Laserlicht mit einer Leistung von 0,5 Watt und eine Wellenlänge von 630 nm verwendet. Insgesamt wurden eine Gesamtenergie von 100 Joule für die Dauer von 1.000 Sekunden und zwar 5 min nach Applikation des Stent erzeugt. Während des Versuchs konnten keine makroskopischen oder histologischen Veränderungen beobachtet werden.Now An argon-dye laser (AOC PDT Lasercare 25, Applied Optronics Corporation; New Jersey, USA) into the interior of the expanded stent introduced and the photosensitive substances were over a period of 1,000 Seconds excited by the laser. It was laser light with a Power of 0.5 watts and a wavelength of 630 nm used. All in all were a total energy of 100 joules for the duration of 1,000 seconds namely generated 5 min after application of the stent. During the Trial could not show macroscopic or histological changes to be watched.
Nach 1.000 Sekunden und erfolgter Applikation der gewünschten Menge Lichtenergie wurde die Lichtfaser aus dem Gefäß entfernt.To 1,000 seconds and successful application of the desired amount of light energy The optical fiber was removed from the vessel.
Im Vergleich zu einem Versuchstier ohne Laserlichtbehandlung konnte eine deutlich niedrigere Restenoserate festgestellt werden.in the Comparison to a test animal without laser light treatment could a significantly lower restenosis rate can be found.
Beispiel 2:Example 2:
Ein kommerziell erhältlicher Titanstent wird mehrmals mit einer Lösung von Heparin und dem Dihematoporphyrinether gemäß Struktur VI besprüht, getrocknet und sterilisiert.One commercially available Titanium stannate is used several times with a solution of heparin and the dihematoporphyrin ether according to structure VI sprayed, dried and sterilized.
Unter sterilen Bedingungen wurde der Stent auf einen Ballon eines Dilatationakatheters mit einem Durchmesser von 3 mm und einer Ballonlänge von 25 mm (Fabrikat Viva) aufgesetzt, wobei der Ballon entsprechend präpariert worden war und eine Lösung des Dihematoporphyrinethers gemäß Struktur VI enthielt.Under In sterile conditions, the stent was placed on a balloon of a dilatation catheter with a diameter of 3 mm and a balloon length of 25 mm (make Viva) attached, the balloon had been prepared accordingly and a solution of the dihematoporphyrin ether according to structure VI contained.
Der Ballon wurde zur lokalen Medikamentenapplikation durch fokussierte CO2-Laserlichtapplikation derart präpariert, dass weitgehend gleichmäßig über die gesamte Ballonperipherie verteilte Austrittsöffnungen erhalten wurden. Der Abstand der Perforationen betrug ca. 2 mm. Der Ballon ermöglichte einen Inflationsdruck von bis zu 10 bar aufzubauen und diesen Druck über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 60 Sekunden konstant zu halten.The balloon was prepared for local drug application by focused CO 2 laser light application such that distributed largely uniformly over the entire balloon periphery outlet openings were obtained. The distance between the perforations was approx. 2 mm. The balloon made it possible to build up inflation pressure of up to 10 bar and to keep that pressure constant over a period of more than 60 seconds.
Der beschichtete Stent wird in die A. femoralis superficialis eines Schweins implantiert und bei der Dilatation mit ca. 2,5 bar Druck werden ca. 2 ml der im Ballon enthaltenen Lösung des Dihematoporphyrinethers freigesetzt.Of the coated stent is inserted into the superficial femoral artery of a Pig implanted and dilation at about 2.5 bar pressure About 2 ml of the solution of dihematoporphyrin ether contained in the balloon is released.
Nach Entfernung des Dilatationskatheters wird ein Laser in das Stentinnere geführt und über einen Zeitraum von 850 Sekunden wird Laserlicht mit einer Leistung von 0,5 Watt und eine Wellenlänge von 630 nm erzeugt.To Removal of the dilatation catheter will place a laser in the stent interior guided and over a period of 850 seconds will laser light with a power of 0.5 watts and one wavelength generated by 630 nm.
Beispiel 3:Example 3:
Ein kommerziell erhältlicher Stent aus medizinischem Edelstahl wird mit einem Polyacrylat enthaltend Dihematoporphyrinester gemäß der Struktur VII im Tauchverfahren beschichtet.One commercially available Medical grade stent is filled with a polyacrylate containing dihematoporphyrin ester according to the structure VII coated in the dipping process.
Dieser Stent wird mittels eines Dilatationskatheters mit einem gemäß Bespiel 2 präparierten und eine Lösung des Dihematoporphyrinesters (VII) enthaltenden Ballon in die A. femoralis superficialis eines Schweins implantiert.This Stent is using a dilatation catheter with a according to example 2 prepared and a solution of the dihematoporphyrin ester (VII) containing balloon in the A. femoral superficialis of a pig implanted.
Dazu erfolgte die Einleitung der Narkose durch eine intramuskuläre Injektion in die Regionuchae von 20 mg/kg Ketamin (Ketanest®, Parke Davies & Co; Berlin), 0,2 mg/kg Midazolam (Dormicum®, Hofmann-LaRoche AG; Grenzach-Whylen) und 1 mg Atropinsulfat (Atropinsulfat Braun®, Braun-Melsungen AG, Melsungen). Darauf erfolgte die laryngoskopische orotracheale Intubation mit einem 6,0 mm starken Endotrachealtubus (ASID Bonz GmbH; Böblingen) und die kontrollierte maschinelle Beatmung mittels eines Respirators (Servo Ventilator 900 B, Siemens Elema; Elema Solna, Schweden) als intermittierende positive Überdruckbeatmung mit einer inspiratorischen Sauerstoff-Konzentration (FiO2) von 100 %.These took place the induction of anesthesia with an intramuscular injection into the Regionuchae of 20 mg / kg ketamine (ketanest ®, Parke Davies & Co, Berlin), 0.2 mg / kg midazolam (midazolam ®, Hofmann-La Roche AG, Grenzach-Wyhlen ) and 1 mg of atropine sulfate (Atropinsulfat Braun® , Braun-Melsungen AG, Melsungen). This was followed by laryngoscopic orotracheal intubation with a 6.0 mm endotracheal tube (ASID Bonz GmbH, Böblingen) and controlled mechanical ventilation by means of a respirator (Servo Ventilator 900 B, Siemens Elema, Elema Solna, Sweden) as intermittent positive positive pressure ventilation with an inspiratory Oxygen concentration (FiO2) of 100%.
Die Anregung der photosensiblen Substanzen erfolgte gemäß Beispiel 2 Bei allen Versuchen konnte nach 1 bzw. 3 Monaten keine Restenosebildung nachgewiesen werden.The Excitation of the photosensitive substances was carried out according to Example 2 In all experiments no restenosis formation was observed after 1 or 3 months be detected.
Claims (12)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3494926A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-12 | Repuls Lichtmedizinteckhnik GmbH | Implant with reservoir |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3620123A1 (en) * | 1986-06-14 | 1987-12-17 | Strahlen Umweltforsch Gmbh | MEASURING AND RADIATION DEVICE FOR CAVITIES |
| WO2002039875A2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-23 | B. Braun Medical Inc. | Method for deploying a thermo-mechanically expandable stent |
| US20020095197A1 (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-07-18 | Lardo Albert C. | Application of photochemotherapy for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias |
| US20030036794A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2003-02-20 | Cook Incorporated | Coated implantable medical device |
-
2005
- 2005-02-27 DE DE200510008955 patent/DE102005008955A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3620123A1 (en) * | 1986-06-14 | 1987-12-17 | Strahlen Umweltforsch Gmbh | MEASURING AND RADIATION DEVICE FOR CAVITIES |
| US20030036794A1 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 2003-02-20 | Cook Incorporated | Coated implantable medical device |
| US20020095197A1 (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2002-07-18 | Lardo Albert C. | Application of photochemotherapy for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias |
| WO2002039875A2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-23 | B. Braun Medical Inc. | Method for deploying a thermo-mechanically expandable stent |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3494926A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-12 | Repuls Lichtmedizinteckhnik GmbH | Implant with reservoir |
| WO2019110550A1 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2019-06-13 | Repuls Lichtmedizintechnik Gmbh | Implant with reservoir |
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