DE102005007914A1 - Method and device for recording consumption costs in ventilation and air conditioning systems - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a method for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation systems described in which the outside of the system supplied energy, such as electrical energy, heat energy, cooling energy, etc. are measured. In order to realize a consumer cost collection of variable volume flow systems according to user behavior and thus to reward energy consumers savings, it is provided that for each consumer unit, the decreased single air quantity is determined that the individual air volumes taken from all consumer units connected to the system to a supplied by the system Total air volume can be added, that the contribution factors for the respective consumer units are calculated by dividing the measured individual air volume to the total air volume and that the measured consumption at externally supplied energies is multiplied by the respective contribution factor.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method and a device for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation and air conditioning Installations according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 14. or of claim 9 or claim 20.

The previous consumption cost accounting and billing is based on the basic assumption of evenly removed air volumes or volume flows and fixed operating times. However, this does not correspond to the actual operating behavior of ventilation systems and also not the actual user behavior. In a classic HVAC system with several economically independent end consumers, the energy media electrical energy, heat energy and cooling energy are converted in the ventilation unit for air extraction and conditioning. The energies are supplied to the ventilation system from outside (electrical system, refrigeration system, heating system) and counted when entering the system. For this purpose, commercial electric meter, cold meter and heat meter and the like are used in the media supply. The same applies to the dampening water supply and / or the use of pre-heater or reheater. According to the previously known methods, the amounts of energy so counted are either proportionally allocated according to the regulated during production of the system air volumes to the respective end user or flat rate per m ² rented space and charged.

The Consumer behavior over the entire operating period thus has no effect on the Energy consumption of the plant and the resulting energy costs, despite possibly economical handling of individual consumers with the Medium supply air. Despite throttling and thus reducing the Volume flow in the plant part of one or the other end customer by Throttling or blocking the supply air supply are always the aforementioned Contribution factors used for energy cost accounting.

task The present invention is therefore a method and a Device for recording consumption costs in ventilation and air conditioning To create systems of the type mentioned, with or with the consumption cost recording of variable volumetric power plants implemented according to user behavior and thus the relevant Energy savings can be rewarded.

to solution This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned the features specified in claim 1 or 14 and in a device of the type mentioned in the claim 9 or 20 specified Features provided.

By the measures of the invention Is it possible, due to a dynamic determination of contribution factors the energy consumption the specifically assign to individual end users or customers and Act. In this way, the end user, for example Tenant, active and self-determining to save on ancillary costs contribute to ventilation and air conditioning systems, if the same Systems as variable volume flow systems with influence by the tenant be created by, for example, rental area control panels.

While at embodiment according to claim 1 or 9 a via the time integrated acquisition of measured consumption values each individual consumer units is possible is the embodiment according to claim 14 or 20 in a simplified manner by classification of measured consumption values in certain percentage consumption levels possible.

advantageous Embodiments for this result with respect to the method according to claim 1 from the features of one or more of claims 2 to 8 and re the device according to claim 9 from the features of one or more the claims 10 to 13.

advantageous Embodiments relating to the method according to claim 14 result from the features of one or more of claims 15 to 19th

Further Details of the invention can be taken from the following description, in the invention with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings described in more detail and explained is. Show it:

1 by way of example and schematically, an air-conditioning system with four consumers, on the basis of which a consumption-cost entry is described according to the present invention,

2 a block diagram for illustrating a method and a device for consumer-specific consumption cost detection according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

3 one of the 2 corresponding representation, however, to a method and a device for consumer-specific consumption cost detection according to a second embodiment of the present invention and

4 a schematic block diagram of the electrical structure of a device for consumer-specific consumption cost detection.

1 shows, for example, a ventilation system 10 that have several, here for example four consumers 1 . 2 . 3 and 4 provided. The system has a ventilation unit 15 for air conveying and air conditioning, in its housing 16 an electrically powered fan 17 , a cooler unit 18 and a heater unit 19 are arranged. It is understood that, depending on the requirement for air conditioning, a different arrangement may be selected, for example, a moistening unit may be added. At one end 21 of the housing 16 outside air is drawn in and at the other end 22 over a main channel 23 the conditioned air to the individual consumers 1 to 4 fed. The main channel 23 splits up in feeder channels 24 . 25 . 26 and 27 to the consumers 1 . 2 . 3 respectively. 4 , In every one consumer 1 to 4 associated supply channel 24 to 27 is an air flow meter 28 arranged, with the one or the respective to the consumer 1 to 4 leading air volume or volume flow can be measured or determined.

The externally supplied energies in the form of electric energy for the fan 17 , of cold energy for the cooler unit 18 and heat energy for the heater unit 19 are each separately with a measuring device (EMZ) 31 , (KMZ) 32 and (WMZ) 33 measured. Each meter is equipped with a pulse output and outputs, for example, 100 pulses per kWh. The number of pulses delivered per kWh can also be specified counter-specific. The measuring pulses are transmitted via lines 34 to 36 a computer (CPU) 37 supplied, with which also test leads 38 to 41 connected to the air flow meters 28 the individual consumer units 1 to 4 are connected. In the calculator 37 become in accordance with two embodiments in the manner described below, the measured energy consumption of the individual consumers 1 to 4 respectively. 1' and 2 ' User-specific linked with the supplied amounts of energy and billed.

A first embodiment of a consumer-specific consumption cost of the system 10 is out 2 seen.

After that will be at every consumer 1 to 4 by means of the associated measuring device 28 For example, in the form of a jam cross determines the amount of air or air rate supplied to the consumer concerned per unit time. This is done in the air flow meter 28 the differential pressure .DELTA.P detected and converted in a linear manner in an analog current or voltage value. In the embodiment, a current value in the range of 4 to 20 mA is used. The respective current value is in the block 46 scaled or normalized and in the block 47 square root. It is understood that the scaling and erasing already in the transducer, that is in the meter 28 can be done so that the blocks 46 and 47 then omitted. Based on a cross section of the respective supply channel 24 to 27 corresponding correction factor C1, C2, C3 and C4 is in a multiplication unit 48 the erased differential pressure multiplied by the respective correction factor C1 to C4. The result is the volume flow V or the air rate of each consumer 1 to 4 according to the equation

These analog outputs V1, V2, V3 and V4 are both an addition device (ADD) 49 supplied, which gives the total volume flow (Vges), as it has been consumed at a certain time or in a certain period of time, as well as each individually to each consumer 1 to 4 zugeord Neten Division (DIV) 51 supplied in the individual volume flow V1, V2, V3 and V4 in relation to the addition device 49 delivered total volume flow Vges set and from this a contribution factor UF1, UF2, UF3 or UF4 for each consumer 1 to 4 is determined, the output side of the associated addition device 49 appears.

With the aid of the contribution factor UF1, UF2, UF3 or UF4 for each consumer 1 to 4 The quantities of energy supplied from the outside are determined according to the outputs of the measuring instruments 31 to 33 processed, their output pulses in the respective circuit 56 . 57 to 58 have been summed up or integrated over time. In other words, the contribution factor OF of each consumer 1 to 4 is used with the output pulses of both the electrical energy meter (EMZ) 31 as well as the refrigeration energy meter (KMZ) 32 , as well as the heat energy meter (WMZ) 32 in a multiplication unit 52 . 53 respectively. 54 multiplied and the result the respective state counters 61 . 62 respectively. 63 the individual consumer 1 to 4 supplied separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the air flow measurements and their processing are cyclically repeated with the cycle being ≤ 125 ms. The actual cycle time is a dynamic quantity, depending on the number of calculation blocks to be executed in the program. The values resulting from each cycle (rational numbers) at the output of the respective multiplication units 52 . 53 respectively. 54 are added up and in the respective state counter 61 . 62 . 63 counted and stored by each consumer.

In other words, the determination of the consumer-specific total annual energy consumption is by reading the into the state counter 61 to 63 realized summed up pulses. These values then give the consumer-specific energy costs by linking with the energy price per kilowatt hour.

When in 3 shown second embodiment are for air flow and consumption detection of the individual (here the overview of the presentation because of only two) consumers 1' and 2 ' the individual air flow measured values are not arranged as measured absolute values but in percentage proportions, related to the maximum possible total air volume of a supply duct, and further processed.

These are each measuring device 28 ' , which in the form of a jam relay the measured pressure difference in a converted manner as a voltage or here current value in the order of magnitude of 4 to 20 mA, with several, here four threshold value 66 . 67 . 68 and 69 assigned. Each of these threshold switches 66 to 69 speaks in a certain area that does not overlap with the other areas. In the illustrated embodiment, the threshold value has 66 a range of 20 to 40%, the threshold value switch 67 a range of 40 to 60%, the threshold value switch 68 a range of 60 to 80% and the threshold switch 69 a range of 80 to 100%. In other words, depending on the meter 28 ' supplied analog current value is one of these threshold 66 to 69 as long as the relevant current value is present in this percentage range (based on the maximum possible current value 20 mA equal to 100%) and is present. If a current value of 12 mA corresponding to the measured pressure difference is present for a given possible current range of 4 to 20 mA, then the threshold value switch is activated 67 activated for the range of 40 to 60%, since the current value of 12 mA corresponds to a percentage range of 50%.

If also in the illustrated embodiment a total of four percentage air volume ranges or share levels are provided, it is understood that, for example, more or less can be set up. It is understood that at least two threshold switches exist have to be.

The selection and classification of the air flow measurements into percentage ranges or proportions is now related to the measurements of each of the externally supplied energies. For this purpose, each threshold value switch 66 to 69 each with an associated air flow meter 28 ' connected group of threshold switches with an AND circuit (AND) of a group 71 and 72 such as 73 connected. This is the first group 71 from here four AND circuits 71 on the input side with the output of the heat quantity meter (WMZ) 33 , the second group 72 here four AND circuits on the input side with the output of the cold meter (KMZ) 32 ' and the third group 73 from here four AND circuits on the input side with the output of the electrical energy meter (EMZ) 31 ' connected. In the embodiment, therefore, each air flow meter 28 ' three groups 71 . 72 and 73 associated with AND circuits, each meter 31 ' - 33 ' one group each 71 . 72 or 73 are assigned by AND circuits, which groups each to the air flow meter 28 ' of the consumer 1' or to that of the consumer 2 ' belong.

Per type of energy and consumer 1' . 2 ' is every group 71 . 72 . 73 of AND circuits on the output side with the input of a state counter unit 61 ' . 62 ' respectively. 63 ' connected. Each state counter unit covers this 61 ' . 62 ' . 63 ' like the threshold switches 66 to 69 percent state ranges, in the form of counters for the ranges 20 to 40%, 40 to 60%, 60 to 80% and 80 to 100%, respectively. A group of such counters is both a type of energy and a consumer 1' and 2 ' assigned.

In operation are those of each of the measuring instruments 31 ' . 32 ' . 33 ' , delivered energy pulses to all of the respective groups 71 . 72 . 73 of AND circuits. The energy pulses from the relevant AND circuit or the respective AND circuits only then to one of the counters of the state counter units 61 ' . 62 ' . 63 ' passed through when the output of an activated threshold switch 76 to 79 one or more pulses are pending or supplied. These transmitted energy pulses are counted in the respective counter (s).

wobei die Formelzeichen folgendes darstellen:

I_z

Anzahl Gesamtimpulse Energiezähler je Energieart (Wärme-, Kälte-, Elektroenergie)

I_25%...100%

Aufsummierte Impulse (je Zustandszähler)

V_25%...100%

Prozentuales Volumen (je Zustandszähler)

C

vom Messkreuzhersteller ermittelter Faktor zur Berechnung des Volumenstromes (stellt den Rohrquerschnitt dar)

(N_i)kWh^–1

Anzahl Impulse/kWh des verwendeten Energiezählers

(Q_25%...100%)kWh

Energieverbrauch im jeweiligen Zustand (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%)

(Q_{Mieter_1...n})kWh

Energieverbrauch des jeweiligen Mieters im Abrechnungszeitraum

The energy consumption per tenant and type of energy is calculated from the levels of the counters of each state counter unit 61 ' . 62 ' . 63 ' 76 according to the following formulas:

where the symbols represent:

I _z

Number of total pulses Energy meter per type of energy (heat, cooling, electrical energy)

I _{25% ... 100%}

Totaled pulses (per state counter)

V _{25% ... 100%}

Percentage volume (per state counter)

C

Factor calculated by the measuring cross manufacturer to calculate the volumetric flow (represents the pipe cross-section)

(N _i ) kWh ^-1

Number of pulses / kWh of the energy meter used

(Q _{25% ... 100%} ) kWh

Energy consumption in each state (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%)

(Q _{Tenant_1 ... n} ) kWh

Energy consumption of the respective tenant in the billing period

Determining or calculating the total energy consumption per consumer 1' and 2 ' is used, for example, with the collected raw data of the computer (CPU) 37 performed externally using a spreadsheet program.

4 shows a block diagram of the basic circuit design. The computer (CPU) 37 is with the air flow meters 28 or 28 ' of every consumer 1 to 4 respectively. 1' and 2 ' connected, wherein in the embodiment of 2 the scaling, erasing and multiplying circuits with the correction factor C inside the measuring instruments 28 or in the CPU 37 may be included. The of the individual air flow meters 28 to the CPU 37 leading measuring leads 81 to 84 can be shielded or unshielded. In a manner not shown in detail, the CPU 37 with a wire breakage monitoring for the test leads 81 to 84 be provided. The CPU 37 is with a power adapter 86 connected. In addition, those of the CPU 37 determined or added values or pulses to a display device 88 transmitted continuously or optionally the consumption data per consumer 1 to 4 respectively. 1' and 2 ' and, if necessary, per type of energy.

There is the possibility of keeping the meter readings either for a period of up to 200 hours Voltage drop (power failure) to receive without this is still counted, or by means of a battery backup a battery-powered operation over a freely selectable period can still be counted. Further technical possibilities are zero-voltage-resistant memory units, which however are limited in the write cycles.

It It is understood that the determination of the air volumes is not necessarily via differential pressure measuring method must be done. Also conceivable are methods such as vane anemometers or hot wire anemometer and the like.

Mention should be made nor that the contribution factor formation takes place cyclically, that is in the same remaining time intervals, while the determination of consumption costs is not carried out at regular intervals, but always on receipt of a counter pulse. Analogously, the summation of consumption costs.

At the first embodiment it is also possible for determining the total air volume as a calculation parameter for Apportioning instead of the sum of all individual air volumes (n-1) individual air volumes and to collect the total amount of air centrally, and from this the nth Calculate individual air volume. An application example would be one ventilation the majority common areas supplied, connected to the individually billable smaller consumers are.

Claims (20)

Method for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation systems, in which the energy supplied to the system from outside, such as electric energy, heat energy, cooling energy, etc., are measured, characterized in that for each consumer unit, the decreased single air quantity is determined that of all with the plant Associated consumer units added individual air volumes are added to a total amount of air supplied by the system that contribution factors for the respective consumer units are calculated by dividing the measured individual air volume to the total amount of air and that the measured consumption of externally supplied energies are multiplied by the respective contribution factor. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that from the outside supplied Energies are measured separately according to the type of energy and that the products of the contribution factor and the measured consumption per type of energy for each consumer unit be added up. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the said method steps are repeated cyclically. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the cycle has a time frame of ≤ 125 ms. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for each consumer unit the Energy determined per unit of time per type of energy by one or several pulses are displayed. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that that the consumer-specific full-year consumption by Summing up the pulses evaluated with contribution factors become. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that for determining the respective individual air quantity the differential pressure in a supply channel associated with the consumer unit recorded analogously, erased and with a channel cross-section in question associated correction factor (C) is multiplied and so analog Individual volume flows obtained in the aforementioned manner to a total volume flow be added up. Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the externally supplied and consumed energies through several energy meters be detected with pulse output. Device for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation and air-conditioning systems ( 10 ), with counters ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) for externally supplied energy, such as electric power, heat energy, cold energy, etc., characterized by an air flow meter 28 for each consumer unit ( 1 to 4 ), an adder circuit ( 49 ) for adding the air flow meters ( 28 ) of all consumer units ( 1 to 4 ) determined individual air volume values (V), a division circuit ( 51 ) for each consumer unit ( 1 to 4 ) for determining a user-specific apportionment factor (UF) from the ratio of individual air volume value (V) and total air volume value added (Vges), and multiplication circuits ( 52 ) for multiplying each consumer-specific apportionment factor (UF) by the counter values of the externally supplied energies. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that for each type of energy a counter ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) is provided that the counter value of each counter ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) all the individual consumer units ( 1 to 4 ), with the consumer-specific contribution factor (UF) fed multiplication circuits ( 52 ) and that the outputs of the multiplication circuits ( 52 ) with each one consumer unit ( 1 to 4 ) associated display unit ( 61 . 62 . 63 ) connected is. Device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the air quantity measuring device ( 28 ) cyclically, preferably within ≤ 125 ms outputs measured values. Device according to at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the counters ( 31 . 32 . 33 ) for the externally supplied energies of the amount of energy corresponding pulses, preferably 100 pulses per kWh deliver. Device according to at least one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the air quantity measuring device ( 28 ) has a Staukreuz that measures the differential pressure .DELTA.P and converts it into a proportional analog current or voltage value in normalized and eroded form in a circuit ( 48 ) is multiplied by a correction factor (C) resulting from the channel cross-section used, the output of the circuit ( 48 ) represents the analog single air volume value (V). Method for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation and air conditioning systems, in which the energy supplied to the system from the outside, like electric energy, heat energy, Cold energy etc. be measured, characterized that for each consumer unit the decreased single air quantity is determined, that's for each consumer unit determined amount of air in one of at least two levels of share based on the maximum possible removable air volume is categorized as a percentage, that accordingly the selected one Share level the measured externally supplied energy types into one sorted and counted by at least two similar categories, and that the sum of all share levels of each consumer unit in proportion to the sum of the sums of all share levels and all consumer units is set. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that that four levels of shares of, for example, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80% and 80-100% are selected can. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized that a linear relationship between the analog determined air quantity and an analogue power or Voltage value is given, which via a threshold value circuit the relevant share levels. Method according to at least one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the externally supplied and consumed energies through energy meter be detected with pulse output and the output pulses of each energy meter accordingly the share levels activated by each consumer unit corresponding in state counters Category counted become. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that that in each state counter accumulated impulses to a percentage flow and the normalized corresponding channel cross-section associated correction factor (C) become. A method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the energy consumption or the resulting energy costs per tenant and type of energy is calculated in a spreadsheet program according to the following formulas:

Device for consumer-specific consumption cost recording in ventilation and air-conditioning systems ( 10 ), with counters ( 31 ' . 32 ' . 33 ' ) for externally supplied energy, such as electric energy, thermal energy, cooling energy, etc., characterized by an air flow meter ( 28 ' ) for each consumer unit ( 1', 2 ' ) each air flow meter ( 31 ' . 32 ' . 33 ' ) associated threshold value switch ( 66 to 69 ), each covering a predetermined, in relation to the maximum possible removable air volume percentage air flow range, each threshold ( 66 to 69 ) input-side AND circuits ( 71 to 73 ), which also have one of the counters on the input side ( 31 ' to 33 ' ) are connected for the externally supplied energy and on the output side each with one of the number of threshold value switches ( 66 to 69 ) corresponding number of state counters ( 61 ' . 62 ' . 63 ' ) and by an evaluation unit for determining the energy consumption or the resulting energy costs per consumer unit ( 1' . 2 ' ) and energy type.