DE102005006317A1 - Polyetheramine macromonomers with two adjacent primary hydroxyl groups and their use for the preparation of polyurethanes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to compounds of the formula 2, DOLLAR F1 wherein DOLLAR AR · 1 · H, methyl or ethyl, DOLLAR AR · 2 · C¶1¶- to C¶4¶-alkyl, DOLLAR AA a C¶2¶- bis C¶4¶-alkylene group, DOLLAR A m is a number from 5 to 300, DOLLAR A n is a number from 0 to 3 DOLLAR A, a process for their preparation and their use in the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers.

Description

The present invention relates to Ω- (alkoxy) -α-N, N-dihydroxyethylamino-polyalkylene glycols, and their use for the preparation of water-dispersible polyurethanes.

polyurethane systems have characterized by their high durability and simple application a wide field of application in the field of color, Lack-, Coating- and textile industry developed. For the sake of Environmental protection and occupational safety have been especially important in the recent past solvent-free, water-dispersed polyurethane systems developed.

The Production of aqueous Polyurethane dispersions has been known and used for many years in a big one Number of publications described in detail (e.g., Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. E20, Part I, pp. 1659-1681; D. Dieterich, Prog. Org. Coat. 1981, 9, 281-330; J.W. Rosthauser, K. Nachtkamp, Journal of Coated Fabrics 1986, 16, 39-79; R. Arnoldus, Surf. Coat. 1990, 3 (Waterborne Coat.), 179-198).

Aqueous polyurethane dispersions consist of polyurethane polymers or polyurethane-polyurea polymers, which include both urethane groups and urea groups and by polyaddition reactions of polyols, polyisocyanates and polyamines. From the polyols and the polyisocyanates are first polyurethane prepolymers then prepared in the aqueous Phase dispersed and with polyamines to form the polyurethane-polyurea polymers chain extended become. The polyurethane polymers must also have a sufficient Amount of hydrophilic groups containing the stabilization in the aqueous Ensure phase. These hydrophilic groups are anionic, cationic or non-ionic groups or a combination of the above Groups.

To be able to dispense with the use of external emulsifiers, the production of stable aqueous polyurethane dispersions is possible only with the aid of suitable comonomers, which allow by their hydrophilicity a stable aqueous dispersion of polyurethane prepolymers. (S. Dedrichs, European Coating Journal p. 565.5, 2002, Noll, DE 25 51 094 ). In order to achieve a complete incorporation of the hydrophilic comonomers in the hydrophobic polyurethane prepolymer, this is done using diols with hydrophilic radicals such as dimethylolpropanoic acid (DMPA). The dispersion is stabilized in this case after neutralization of the carboxylic acid side groups by electrostatic repulsion of the carboxylate groups incorporated in the prepolymer. (H. Kager, Dissertation, University of Hamburg 2002, Jung-Eun Yang, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 86, 9, p. 2375).

In addition to the electrostatic stabilization by carboxylate groups, aqueous polyurethane dispersions are also prepared by nonionic, hydrophilic, sterically stabilizing groups. To achieve this steric stabilization of polyurethane dispersions, therefore, long, hydrophilic, non-isocyanate-reactive side chains are required, which, like DMPA, can be incorporated into the polyurethane prepolymer via two hydroxyl groups (DE-A-25 51 094). Polyethers (polyalkylene glycols) having two free, closely adjacent hydroxyl groups at the same molecular end and a long polyalkylene side chain provided with an alkoxy end according to the following formula 1 have proved to be particularly suitable. (S. Dedrichs, European Coating Journal p. 565.5, 2002, DE 30 49 746 A1 ).

Here, m = k = 1; n> = 20 and R = alkyl or alkyl-NC = O However, the preparation of such systems is very complicated and expensive, and proceeds over four stages starting from trifunctional alcohols such as glycerol or trimethylolpropane (DE-A-30 49 746, US Pat. EP 0 043 966 ):

step 1: manufacturing of a hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane from the trifunctional alcohol step 2: implementation of the alkaline hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane with an alkylene oxide step 3: implementation of the Ω-hydroxy-α- (1,3-dioxolano) -polyalkylene glycol with an alkyl halide or an alkyl monoisocyanate step 4: acid-catalyzed Cleavage of the 1,3-dioxolane ring to the diol.

adversely In this process is that large amounts of alkali halides in the etherification in stage 3 as a by - product, which the interfere with further conversion to polyurethane prepolymers and difficult to remove are. About that can out in case of incomplete Reaction in stage 3 in addition to the target diols, trihydroxy-functional Polyalkylene glycols as by-products formed in the polymerization in the polyurethane prepolymer dispersion crosslinking and thus insolubility can cause (EP-A-00 43 966). In the preparation described in DE-A-25 14 513 of diisocyanates with polyalkylene glycol side chains by reaction of triisocyanates with a monohydroxy-functional polyalkylene glycol the problem arises of the emergence of crosslinking Triisocyanates or the presence of monohydroxy or monoisocyanate functional Components depending on the selected Stoichiometry. Again, triisocyanate functional components potentially cause Crosslinking, monohydroxy or monoisocyanate functional components however, cause chain termination of the linear PU polymers. task Therefore, it was the object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive Ω- (alkoxy) -α-dihydroxyalkyl-polyalkylene glycol to find that the above-mentioned disadvantages in the production and application does not have.

The Ω- (alkoxy) -α-dihydroxyalkyl-polyalkylene glycol should be suitably used in polyurethane prepolymer dispersions can be installed and the stability the aqueous Ensure prepolymer dispersions.

worin
R¹ H, Methyl oder Ethyl,
R² C₁- bis C₄-Alkyl,
A eine C₂- bis C₄-Alkylengruppe,
m eine Zahl von 5 bis 300
n eine Zahl von 0 bis 3
bedeuten.The invention thus relates to compounds of the formula 2

wherein
R ^{1 is} H, methyl or ethyl,
R ^{2 is} C ₁ - to C ₄ -alkyl,
A is a C ₂ - to C ₄ -alkylene group,
m is a number from 5 to 300
n is a number from 0 to 3
mean.

One Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers by reacting compounds of the formula 2 with a polyisocyanate and optionally with other polyols or Polyamines converts.

• a) eine Verbindung der Formel 2 mit einem Polyisocyanat und gegebenenfalls mit weiteren Polyolen oder Polyaminen zu einem Polyurethan-Prepolymer umsetzt, und
• b) das so erhaltene Polyurethan-Prepolymer in wässrigem Milieu mit einem Polyamin zu einem Polyurethanpolymer umsetzt.

Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of polyurethane polymers by

• a) reacting a compound of formula 2 with a polyisocyanate and optionally with other polyols or polyamines to form a polyurethane prepolymer, and
• b) the polyurethane prepolymer thus obtained in an aqueous medium with a polyamine to a polyure thanpolymer.

Another object of the invention are polyurethane prepolymers, obtainable by the reaction of a compound of formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical ,

Another object of the invention are polyurethane polymers obtainable by the reaction of a compound of formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and the subsequent reaction of the resulting polyurethane prepolymer in an aqueous medium with a polyamine of the formula Y (NH ₂ ) _q , wherein Y is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and q is a number from 2 to 4.

Another object of the invention is the use of the compounds of formula 2 for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers by the compound of formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical is reacted.

Another object of the invention is the use of the compounds of formula 2 for the preparation of polyurethane polymers by the compound of formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, is aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, is reacted, and the resulting polyurethane prepolymer in an aqueous medium with a polyamine of the formula Y (NH ₂ ) _q , wherein Y is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and q is a number from 2 to 4 is, is implemented.

In the alkoxy group represented by (AO) _m , the total number of alkoxy units is preferably between 10 and 200. The alkoxy chain may be a homopolymer or block polymer chain having alternating blocks of various alkoxy units. It can also be a chain with a statistical sequence of the alkoxy units. The alkoxy units are preferably either only ethoxy units, or a mixture of ethoxy and propoxy units.

In a preferred embodiment - (AO) _m -R ^{2 is} an alkoxy chain of the formula (CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ -O) _a - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _b -R ² wherein
a is a number from 0 to 300, preferably 0 to 50
b is a number from 5 to 300, preferably 10 to 200
and R ^{2 has} the meaning given above.

In a further preferred embodiment, R ^{1 is} hydrogen. In a further preferred embodiment, n = 0 or 1. All embodiments have in common that preferably at least 50 mol% of the radicals (AO) are ethoxy radicals.

The Compounds of the formulas 2 are also referred to below as Ω-alkoxy-polyether-amine diols designated.

in the The following will describe the process for preparing the Ω-alkoxy-polyether-amine diols as well as the production of polyurethane dispersions so described in more detail and explained by examples.

The Ω-alkoxy polyetheramine diols can from commercially available α-amino-Ω-Alkoxypolyalkylenglykolen are prepared (DE-A-16 43 426), or it is used specifically For this Purpose of prepared α-amino-Ω-Alkoxypolyalkylenglykolen from α-hydroxy-Ω-Alkoxypolyalkylenglykolen according to the process described in DE-A-16 43 426, in an aminolysis reaction, the α-hydroxy group is replaced by an amino group is exchanged. The Ω-alkoxy polyetheramine diols can also be produced by other methods known from the literature, such as the addition of acrylonitrile to an alcohol, and subsequent Reduction of the nitrile function to the amine. This amino group is then added without the addition of an alkoxylation catalyst reacted with exactly 2 moles of alkylene oxide to Dihydroxyethylaminogruppe.

The degree of water solubility, defined by the cloud point in accordance with DIN EN 1890, the Ω-alkoxy-Polyetheramindiole, and the degree of their hydrophilizing and dispersing effect can be adjusted by the ratio and number of alkylene oxide units (AO) _m , preferably from ethylene oxide to propylene oxide ,

The isocyanates of the formula X (NCO) _p are preferably those in which X is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 6 to 15 carbon atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 7 to 15 carbon atoms.

Examples such diisocyanates are tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, Dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,5,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI), 2,2-bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) propane, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, 2,4'-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, p-xylylene diisocyanate, Tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), the isomers of bis (4-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane (HMDI) such as the trans / trans, the cis / cis and the cis / trans isomers and mixtures consisting of these compounds.

When Mixtures of these isocyanates are especially the mixtures of the respective Structural isomers of diisocyanate toluene and diisocyanato-diphenylmethane Of importance, in particular, the mixture of 80 mol% 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene and 20 mol% of 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene. Furthermore, the Mixtures of aromatic isocyanates such as 2,4 diisocyanate toluene and / or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic Isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or IPDI particularly advantageous, wherein the preferred mixing ratio of the aliphatic to aromatic isocyanates 4: 1 to 1: 4.

To the Construction of the polyurethanes can be considered as compounds except the The above also use isocyanates, in addition to the free isocyanate groups other capped isocyanate groups, e.g. Wear uretdione groups.

The for the Reaction of the polyurethane prepolymers to the polyurethane polymers used polyamines are those in which Y for a aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 15 carbon atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 7 to 15 carbon atoms. Preferred amines are polyfunctional Amines of the molecular weight range from 32 to 500 g / mol, preferably from 60 to 300 g / mol, which comprises at least two amino groups selected from the group of primary and secondary amino groups, contain. Examples of this are diamines such as diaminoethane, diaminopropane, diaminobutane, diaminohexane, Piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (Isophorone diamine, IPDA), 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, aminoethylethanolamine, hydrazine, hydrazine hydrate or triamines such as diethylenetriamine or 1,8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane.

The Amines can also in blocked form, e.g. in the form of the corresponding ketimines (See, for example, CA-A 1 129 128), ketazines (see, for example, US-A 4,269 748) or amine salts (see US-A 4,292,226). Also Oxazolidines, as used for example in US-A 4,192,937 be represent blocked polyamines, which are used for the preparation of the polyurethanes of the invention for chain extension the prepolymer can be used. Preference is given to using mixtures of diamines and triamines, in particular preferably mixtures of isophorone diamine (IPDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA).

The polyamines described are also for use in the reaction the compound of formula 2 with a polyisocyanate suitable.

Possibly in the reaction of the compounds of formula 2 with polyisocyanates to the polyurethane prepolymer, and in the preparation of the polyurethane polymers Diols used.

The diols are, in particular, polyesterpolyols which are known, for example, from Ullmanns Encyklopadie der technischen Chemie, 4th Edition, Volume 19, pages 62 to 65. Preference is given to using polyesterpolyols which are obtained by reacting dihydric alcohols with dibasic carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof to prepare the polyesterpolyols. The polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or un be saturated. Examples include:
Suberic, azelaic, phthalic, isophthalic, phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic, hexahydrophthalic, tetrachlorophthalic, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic, glutaric, maleic, maleic, fumaric and dimer fatty acids. Preference is given to dicarboxylic acids of the general formula NOOC- (CH ₂ ) _y -COOH, where y is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, for example succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedicarboxylic acid.

When polyhydric alcohols come e.g. Ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, Propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butene-1,4-diol, butyne-1,4-diol, Pentane-1,5-diol, neopentyl glycol, bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexanes such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methyl-propane-1,3-diol, Methylpentanediols, furthermore diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols.

Alcohols of the general formula HO- (CH ₂ ) _x -OH, where x is a number from 1 to 20, preferably an even number from 2 to 20, are preferred. Examples of these are ethylene glycol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, octane-1,8-diol and dodecane-1,12-diol. Further preferred is neopentyl glycol. Also suitable are polycarbonate diols, as can be obtained, for example, by reacting phosgene with an excess of the low molecular weight alcohols mentioned as synthesis components for the polyesterpolyols.

Also suitable are lactone-based polyesterdiols, which are homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, preferably terminal hydroxyl-containing addition products of lactones onto suitable difunctional starter molecules. Suitable lactones are preferably those which are derived from compounds of the general formula HO- (CH ₂ ) _z -COOH, where z is a number from 1 to 20 and an H atom of a methylene unit is also denoted by a C ₁ - to C _4- alkyl radical may be substituted. Examples are ε-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone and / or methyl-ε-caprolactone and mixtures thereof. Suitable starter components are, for example, the low molecular weight dihydric alcohols mentioned above as the synthesis component for the polyesterpolyols. The corresponding polymers of ε-caprolactone are particularly preferred. Lower polyester diols or polyether diols can also be used as starters for the preparation of the lactone polymers. Instead of the polymers of lactones, it is also possible to use the corresponding, chemically equivalent polycondensates of the hydroxycarboxylic acids corresponding to the lactones.

In addition, suitable monomers are polyether diols. They are in particular by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, for example in the presence of BF ₃ or by addition of these compounds, optionally in admixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms, such as alcohols or amines, eg Water, ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, 1,2-bis (4-hydroxydiphenyl) propane or aniline available. Particularly preferred is polytetrahydrofuran having a molecular weight of 240 to 5000, and especially 500 to 4500.

Also suitable are polyhydroxyolefins, preferably those having 2 terminal hydroxyl groups, e.g. α, -ω-Dihydroxypolybutadien, α, -ω-Dihydroxypolymethacrylester or α, -ω-dihydroxypolyacrylic ester as monomers. Such compounds are for example from EP-A-0 622 378 known. Further suitable polyols are polyacetals, polysiloxanes and alkyd resins.

The following Examples illustrate the invention in more detail.

example 1

735 g of an α-hydroxy-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2140 g / mol and a number ratio of oxypropylene to oxyethylene units of 22 to 78 are reacted with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a Ni-containing catalyst to the corresponding amine. The resulting primary amine had a total nitrogen content of 0.65 wt%. It is reacted after removal of the Ni catalyst with 2 equivalents of ethylene oxide (32 g) at 190 ° C and a pressure of 4 bar to the corresponding α-Dihydroxyethylamino-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol. The total nitrogen content after the reaction was 0.55 wt .-%, corresponding to a molecular weight of 2545 g / mol. The proportion of tertiary amine was 98.2 wt .-%. The product was characterized by ¹ H-NMR.

Example 2

730 g of an α-hydroxy-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2330 g / mol and a ratio of the oxypropylene to the oxyethylene units of 12 to 88 were reacted with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a Ni-containing catalyst to the corresponding amine. The resulting primary amine had a total nitrogen content of 0.60 wt%. It was reacted after removal of the catalyst with 2 equivalents of ethylene oxide (34 g) at 190 ° C and a pressure of 4 bar to the corresponding α-dihydroxyethylamino-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol. The total nitrogen content after the reaction was 0.57 wt .-%, corresponding to a molecular weight of 2456 g / mol. The proportion of tertiary amine was 98.2 wt .-%. The product was characterized by ¹ H-NMR.

Example 3:

685 g of an α-hydroxy-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight of 750 g / mol and a ratio of the oxypropylene to the oxyethylene units of 4 to 11 were reacted with ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a Ni-containing catalyst to the corresponding amine. The resulting primary amine had a total nitrogen content of 1.78 weight percent. It was reacted after removal of the catalyst with 2 equivalents of ethylene oxide (81 g) at 190 ° C and a pressure of 4 bar to the corresponding α-dihydroxyethylamino-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol. The total nitrogen content after the reaction was 1.6 wt .-%, corresponding to a molecular weight of 875 g / mol. The proportion of tertiary amine was 99 wt .-%. The product was characterized by ¹ H-NMR.

Example 4: Preparation an aqueous Polyurethane dispersion in the acetone process

224 g of adipic acid-diethylene glycol polyester diol (OH number 52.6), 1.34 g DMPA, 52.5 g of the α-dihydroxyethylamino-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol from Example 3, 16.8 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 44.2 g Isophorone diisocyanate was reacted at 90 ° C in two hours to a polyurethane prepolymer. The theoretical residual NCO content was 3.10 wt .-%. The theoretical measured value determined by titration was 2.36% by weight based on the amine contained. The NCO residual content measured in the experiment was 2.18% by weight. 150 g of acetone were added to the prepolymer, neutralized with 1 g of triethylamine, cooled to room temperature and dispersed with 650 g of water. The chain extension of the aqueous dispersed prepolymer was carried out with 6.7 g of ethylenediamine dissolved in 50 g of water. Subsequent distillation in vacuo removed the acetone. The result was a milky white, thin and storage-stable polyurethane disperse having a solids content of 30% by weight, a pH of 8.0 and an average particle diameter of 200 nm (measured by Particle Size Analyzer 90 Plus, Brookhaven Instruments).

Example 5:

Preparation of an aqueous Polyurethane dispersion in the prepolymer-ionomer process

153 g of a polypropylene glycol (OH number 110), 70 g of the α-dihydroxyethylamino-Ω-methoxy-polyalkylene glycol from example 3 and 77.4 g of isophorone diisocyanate were mixed with 0.1 g Dibutyltin dilaurate at 75 ° C converted in 2.5 hours to a polyurethane prepolymer. The theoretical Residual NCO content was 3.36 wt .-%. Theoretical, by titration certain reading was 2.24 wt% due to the amine contained. The NCO residual content measured in the experiment was 2.20% by weight. The Prepolymer was cooled to 45 ° C and dispersed in 650 g of water. The chain extension of the aqueous dispersed Prepolymer was carried out with 7.1 g of ethylenediamine dissolved in 50 g of water. There was an orange translucent, fluid and storage-stable polyurethane dispersion having a solids content of 30% by weight, a pH of 8.5 and an average particle diameter of 40 nm.

Claims (11)

Compounds of the formula 2

wherein R ^{1 is} H, methyl or ethyl, R ^{2 is} C ₁ - to C ₄ -alkyl, A is a C ₂ - to C ₄ -alkylene group, m is a number from 5 to 300 n is a number from 0 to 3. Compounds according to claim 1, wherein at least 50 mol% of the radicals (A-O) are ethoxy radicals. Compounds according to claims 1 and / or 2, wherein the (AO) _m group represents an alkoxy group of the formula (CH (CH ₃ ) -CH ₂ -O) _a - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _b -R ² in which a is a number from 0 to 150 b is a number from 5 to 300 R ² C ₁ - to C ₄ -alkyl n is 0 or 1. Compounds according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, wherein R ¹ = H. Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula 2, by going first in an α-hydroxy-Ω-alkoxy polyalkylene glycol by an aminolysis reaction, the α-hydroxy group replaced by an amino group, and then this amino group without Addition of an alkoxylation catalyst with 2 moles of alkylene oxide to Reacts dihydroxyethylamino group. Process for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers, by reacting compounds of the formula 2 with a polyisocyanate and optionally reacted with other polyols or polyamines. A process for the preparation of polyurethane polymers by reacting a) a compound of formula 2 with a polyisocyanate and optionally with other polyols or Po reacting lyamines to form a polyurethane prepolymer, and b) reacting the resulting polyurethane prepolymer in an aqueous medium with a polyamine to form a polyurethane polymer. Polyurethane prepolymers obtainable by the reaction of a compound of the formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical. Polyurethane polymers obtainable by the reaction of a compound of the formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and the subsequent reaction of the thus obtained Polyurethanprepolymers in an aqueous medium with a polyamine of the formula Y (NH ₂ ) _q , wherein Y is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and q is a number from 2 to 4. Use of the compounds of the formula 2 for the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers by reacting the compound of the formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , where p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical , is reacted. Use of the compounds of formula 2 for the preparation of polyurethane polymers, by reacting the compound of formula 2 with an isocyanate of the formula X (NCO) _p , wherein p is a number from 2 to 4 and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical Reaction is brought, and the polyurethane prepolymer thus obtained in an aqueous medium with a polyamine of the formula Y (NH ₂ ) _q , wherein Y is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and q is a number from 2 to 4, is reacted.