DE102004052843B4 - Elastic bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

Elastic bearing (2), with a fluid-filled chamber (22), and a bellows (4), which is supported by at least one outer ring (6, 10), and with multiple folds (4a, 4b) in the Geometry of its zero position is vulcanized, characterized in that the bellows (4) is a multiple bellows (4) with at least two folds (4a, 4b), which over its length with the help of an external system arranged outside the multiple bellows (4) A first outer ring (6), an inner ring (8) and a second outer ring (10) are supported, the inner ring (8) or the outer rings (6, 10) being secured against lateral displacement and tilting by a guide (33) the first half (4a1) of the first fold (4a) runs up and down on the outer surface of a first clamping sleeve (12) and on a first inner region of the first outer ring (6) when the bearing (2) swings in and out; wherein the second half (4a2) of the first fold (4a) runs up and down on a second inner region of the first outer ring (6) and on a first outer region of the inner ring (8); the first half (4b1) of the second fold (4b) running up and down on a second outer region of the inner ring (8) and on a first inner region of a second outer ring (10); and wherein the second half (4b2) of the second fold (4b) runs up and down on a second inner region of the second outer ring (10) and on the outer surface of a second clamping sleeve (14).

Description

The bearing according to the invention with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 is provided in particular for the elastic support of machine units in factory buildings, for the elastic support of the drive motor of a motor vehicle or as a shock absorber head bearing for elastic support of the structures of a motor vehicle.

Usually, for these purposes, simple rubber bearings, so-called rubber / metal bearings or hydraulic bearings (see, for example, US Pat. US 5,028,038 A ) for use. The main disadvantage of such bearings is that they have a large axial stiffness to support large loads. At high axial stiffness but no effective vibration decoupling is possible. In addition, the entire oscillation amplitude must be managed by a single spring element.

From the field of automotive air springs bellows are known (see, eg. US 4,749,345 A ). Such bellows have wire-belt-reinforced beads on the end. For multiple bellows also wire belt cores are arranged between the individual folds. An integrated longitudinal guide is not provided with bellows air springs.

From the DE 31 51 771 A1 is a shock absorber with a stop buffer in the form of a bellows known. The bellows is stirred by means of knob rings on the piston rod of the shock absorber. Again, an integrated longitudinal guide of the bellows is therefore not provided.

The object of the present invention substantially solved by claim 1 is to provide an elastic bearing which has only a small axial rigidity for supporting high static loads.

The bellows according to the invention is extremely yielding in the axial direction. Preferably, the spring travel results from a series connection of two folds. By distributing a travel of ± 10 mm over four spring segments, the movement per spring segment is very small (± 2.5 mm) and thus the required dynamic durability at high pressures is possible. At a pressure of about 200 bar, the bearing according to the invention has an axial rigidity of only about 15 N / mm.

Instead of one or two folds, more than two folds can be used. In any case, the individual strokes per spring segment are small.

A particular requirement with such a soft bearing is a stable zero position. This condition is not met in roll folds, as they are known from air springs ago. Therefore, a transmission of a known from air springs ago rolling bellows on an elastic bearing is not readily possible.

Due to a firmness insert, the folds of the bellows on the guide elements can run smoothly. Because of the tensile strength caused by the strength members, a partial sliding or shearing of the bellows on the at least one support element is reliably avoided.

To ensure a stable zero position, the bellows is already vulcanized with molded roll fold. The inner ring needs no special attachment. He can simply be attached to the bellows. The outer rings are glued in each case in the middle.

The spring characteristic of the bearing can be influenced in a simple manner by the axial extent of the at least one support element [outer ring (s), inner ring] at an angle (± α and / or ± β) is conical.

The bellows may be filled with a compressible or incompressible medium. If the medium is compressible, the interior of the bellows can be completely closed with respect to the outside space. An additional volume can additionally influence the resilience of the bearing.

If, on the other hand, the medium is incompressible, a compensating vessel must be connected in order to allow a spring action.

For strongly varying static loads - according to a preferred embodiment of the invention - the zero point of the bearing can be adjusted by appropriate pressure or fluid loading.

drawings

In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to two embodiments.

It shows:

1 the longitudinal section through a two-bellows bearing;

2 the schematic representation of an arrangement with two two-bellows bearings for supporting a machine.

description

This in 1 illustrated bearings 2 is essentially made of a multiple bellows 4 educated. In the present embodiment, the multiple bellows 4 from a series connection of two folds 4a . 4b , which are hinged accordion-like.

The bellows 4 is already produced meandering and vulcanized in the form shown. Over its length is the two-bellows 4 by means of a reciprocal system consisting of a first outer ring 6 an "inner ring" 8th and a second outer ring 10 supported. Both the outer rings 6 . 10 as well as the "inner ring" 8th are outside the (two) bellows 4 , The two outer rings 6 . 10 be in the middle of the two bellies (wrinkles) 4a . 4b of the bellows 4 by gluing (adhesion) or a centering ring (positive locking) attached. The "inner ring" 8th just go to the bellows 4 postponed.

The end is the bellows 4 each with the help of a clamping sleeve 12 . 14 pressure-tight and tension-proof on each connection piece 16 . 18 appropriate. The bellows 4 itself is made of elastomeric material and is reinforced with a reinforcement 20 strengthened.

The interior of the bearing according to the invention 2 forms a chamber 22 , which is filled with a hydraulic medium. If the hydraulic filling consists of a compressible medium (gas), then the chamber 22 be completely closed (pressure-tight). If, however, the hydraulic filling is incompressible, then there is a compensating vessel 24 provided (see 3 ). This equalizing vessel 24 is partial ( 24a ) with a gas and other part ( 24b ) filled with a liquid. This second section 24b of the expansion tank 24 stands over a hose or pipeline 26 with the interior 22 of the bellows 4 in connection. Preferably, the two subregions 24a . 24b of the expansion tank 24 through a membrane 28 separated from each other.

When swinging in and out, the first half runs 4a1 the first fold 4a on the outer surface of the first clamping sleeve 12 and at a first inner region of the first outer ring 6 back and forth;
the second half 4a2 the first fold 4a runs on a second inner region of the first outer ring 6 and at a first outer area of the inner ring 8th back and forth;
the first half 4b1 the second fold 4b runs on a second outer area of the inner ring 8th and at a first inner region of the second outer ring 10 back and forth;
and the second half 4b2 the second fold 4b runs on a second inner region of the second outer ring 10 and on the outer surface of the second collet 14 back and forth.

While in conventional rubber, rubber / metal or hydraulic bearings, the respective spring element must allow the entire spring stroke, is in the embodiment according to 1 the spring stroke according to the invention on four spring segments 4a1 . 4a2 . 4b1 . 4b2 distributed. In this way, the on the single spring segment 4a1 . 4a2 . 4b1 . 4b2 related spring stroke very small. With a desired total stroke of ± 10 mm, this results in a stroke of each individual spring segment of only ± 2.5 mm.

Through the mutual interaction of outer rings 6 . 10 and inner ring 8th results in a good radial guidance. At least the inner ring 8th or both outer rings 6 . 10 through a guide 33 secured against lateral misalignment and tilting. At the same time, the dynamic durability of the bearing 2 guaranteed at high pressures.

In the in 2 shown arrangement is denoted by the reference numeral " 30 "Called a machine foundation. This machine foundation 30 is opposite the bottom plate 32 with two bearings according to the invention 2 supported. At the camps 2 These are two two-bellows bearings 2 according to 1 Because the two camps 2 with an incompressible hydraulic fluid 22 are filled, for the purpose of volume compensation in each case a compensating vessel 24 each via a pipeline 26 to the two two-bellows 4 connected. The equalization tanks 24 are about half 24b filled with hydraulic fluid. The remaining volume 24a is each filled with a compressible medium (gas).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

Bearing, elastic bearing

4

(Multiple) bellows, one-bellows, two-bellows, bellows

4a, 4b

Wrinkles (bellies) of the bellows 4

4a1

first half of the (first) fold 4a

4a2

second half of the (first) fold 4a

4b1

first half of the (second) fold 4b

4b2

second half of the (second) fold 4b

6

(first) outer ring

8th

"Inner ring"

10

second outer ring

12, 14

Clamping sleeve (s)

12

first clamping sleeve

14

second clamping sleeve

16, 18

Connection pipe (s), connection piece

20

strengthening support

22

(Hydraulic) chamber; Hydraulic medium, hydraulic fluid, gas

24

expansion tank

24a, 24b

Subareas of the expansion tank 24

26

Hose or pipe

28

membrane

30

machine foundation

32

baseplate

A

bearing longitudinal axis

33

guide

Claims (7)

Elastic bearing ( 2 ), with a fluid-filled chamber ( 22 ), and a bellows ( 4 ) of at least one outer ring ( 6 . 10 ) and with multiple folds ( 4a . 4b ) is vulcanised in the geometry of its zero position, characterized in that the bellows ( 4 ) a multiple bellows ( 4 ) with at least two folds ( 4a . 4b ), which over its length with the help of one outside of the multiple bellows ( 4 ) arranged, consisting of a first outer ring ( 6 ), an inner ring ( 8th ) and a second outer ring ( 10 ), wherein the inner ring ( 8th ) or the outer rings ( 6 . 10 ) through a guided tour ( 33 ) are secured against lateral misalignment and tilting, wherein during the swinging in and out of the bearing ( 2 ) the first half ( 4a1 ) of the first fold ( 4a ) on the outer surface of a first clamping sleeve ( 12 ) and at a first inner region of the first outer ring ( 6 ) rises and falls; the second half ( 4a2 ) of the first fold ( 4a ) at a second inner region of the first outer ring ( 6 ) and at a first outer region of the inner ring ( 8th ) rises and falls; the first half ( 4b1 ) of the second fold ( 4b ) at a second outer region of the inner ring ( 8th ) and at a first inner region of a second outer ring ( 10 ) rises and falls; and the second half ( 4b2 ) of the second fold ( 4b ) at a second inner region of the second outer ring ( 10 ) and on the outer surface of a second clamping sleeve ( 14 ) up and down. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bellows ( 4 ) with a reinforcement ( 20 ) is reinforced. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the at least one outer ring ( 6 . 10 ) positively or positively on the at least one fold ( 4a . 4b ) is attached. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner ring ( 8th ) and / or the at least one outer ring ( 6 . 10 ) has an axial extension (at least), wherein at least one of the axial extensions at an angle - with respect to the bearing longitudinal axis (A) - is conical. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the chamber ( 22 ) fluid is compressible or incompressible. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bellows ( 4 ) with a compensating vessel ( 24 ) connected is. Elastic bearing ( 2 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the zero point of the elastic bearing ( 2 ) is adjustable by pressure or Fluidbeaufschlagung.

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