DE102004042808A1 - Suspension for e.g. motor vehicle e.g. van, door, has drive train attached to break arm system and including drive units for parallel movement of laminar unit between closed position and forward or backward position - Google Patents

Abstract

The suspension has a break arm system provided with two rigid break arms (2, 3), which are connected with one another by using a joint (2a). The arm (3) is connected with a support unit (4a), which is fastened at a laminar unit (4). A drive train is attached to the system and provided with drive units (5, 6, 7) for parallel movement of the laminar unit between a closed position and a forward or backward opening position.

Description

The The invention relates to a suspension with opening and closing mechanism for doors, windows or other areal Elements, in particular for vehicle doors.

at Motor vehicles, such as passenger cars, vans, buses, commercial vehicles etc., hinged double doors are in use, most on a front part of the door frame via hinged joints articulated with a stiff spar of the vehicle body are and in their back part one from the outside and operated in closing mechanism exhibit. To open of these doors by swinging a sufficiently large lateral clearance is required, the in cramped parking conditions, For example, in garages, sometimes not available. In order to let the doors go open only incompletely, what hinders access to the vehicle.

Especially for vans and minibuses, sliding doors are also used, in several guide rails guided are and after unlocking the lock manually or by motor in the vehicle longitudinal direction be moved. Such sliding doors are problematic, for example at accidents, there already minor Deformations of the guide rails or guide rails the opening the respective door can hamper.

Further So-called kink or folding doors are used in particular in city buses whose door leaf in longitudinal direction is divided, the two door parts by hinges together are connected. To open and closing serve this in the interior of the vehicle folding doors Linear drives, e.g. Air cylinder.

task The invention is a suspension with opening and closing mechanism especially for vehicle doors to create what the shortcomings the known doors eliminated and to complete opening only requires a relatively small lateral clearance and handled safely can be.

These The object is achieved by the achieved in claim 1 features.

The Suspension according to the invention with opening and closing mechanism for doors, windows and other areal Elements, in particular for vehicle doors, has An articulated arm system with at least two via a joint with each other connected rigid bending arms, of which a first articulated arm on a Joint with a carrier attached to the vehicle frame and a second articulated arm with its free end on another joint with one at the door attached support member is connected. To move the door in parallel Alignment between its closed position and a front or rear opening position is the kink arm system a kinematic gear train with translation elements assigned. Between the vehicle frame, i. a dimensionally stable Holm the vehicle body and the first articulated arm, a first translation is provided between the two articulated arms a second translation is provided and between the second articulated arm and the flat one Element, e.g. the vehicle door, is a third translation arranged, with all translations kinematically connected.

The kinematic connection of the translations allows the receipt of an always constant predetermined trajectory or trajectory of the planar Elements, i. the vehicle door. The Trajectories of the individual components of the suspension according to the invention and thus also the movement path resulting from their combination of the plane Elements can advance by suitable choice of gear ratios the various gear members are set. This predetermined Trajectory describes the plane Element, if any gear member of the kinematic gear train or the suspension is moved, what with the use of motor drives for opening and Shut down the door is of particular advantage.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention is to be adjusted area Element a car door and the door frame is part of the body skeleton. It is advantageous that the Suspension, i. the articulated arm system and also the gear train, only a relatively small one Installation space in the vehicle and a relatively narrow lateral free space to open and closing the door requires. Compared to the known swing doors is thus a smaller lateral distance of the parked vehicle from a firm obstacle to a complete opening of the door required.

in the Below are embodiments of the Invention described in detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 schematically the functional principle of a suspension according to the invention,

2 to 4 a vehicle door and a body frame with an embodiment of the invention in different operating states,

5 schematically a gear train with bevel gears and shafts,

6 schematically a gear train with pressure medium cylinders, 7 . 8th schematically a gear train with flexible tension cords.

According to 1 is a carrier 1 permanently attached to a fixed spar of the vehicle body. With this carrier 1 is a first articulated arm 2 about a joint 1a pivotally connected. At the end of the first articulated arm 2 is a second articulated arm 3 via a second hinge-type pivot joint 2a pivoted pivoted. An on a flat element 4 , eg a door leaf, a window or the like, rigidly fixed support arm 4a is with the free end of the second articulated arm 3 via a third hinge-type pivot joint 3a pivotally connected. The two articulated arms 2 . 3 and the joints 1a . 2a . 3a are gear elements 5 . 6 . 7 associated with the actuation of a - not shown - drive member, the two articulated arms 2 . 3 pivot with a predetermined translation and thus the sheet-like component 4 from the in 1 in a predetermined path shown in solid lines on an intermediate position shown by dashed lines in a position shown in dash-dotted lines position, which may be the final position. It is essential that in this movement, the orientation of the sheet-like element 4 does not change, so this movement in the manner of a parallel shift on one by the combination of the pivoting radii of the articulated arms 2 . 3 of the support element 4a and the preselected gear ratios of the transmission elements 5 . 6 . 7 predetermined path runs.

To during the movement, the lateral distance of the sheet-like element 4 To keep as small as possible, the transmission ratio of the transmission elements 5 . 6 and 7 be chosen so that the articulated arms are pivoted at different speeds. For example, the in 1 longer second articulated arm 3 Panning faster and going through its vertex before the lagging first swing arm 2 yourself in the in 1 dash-dotted position shown. Since all components are kinematically connected via the joints via the gear train, the rotation of an element moves the remaining elements in a predefined manner. The gear train can contain mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical functional parts for carrying out the movements of its individual parts alone or in combination.

For the gear ratios i, the following relationships apply
i _2,3 = α / β;
i _2,4 = α / γ;
i _3,4 = β / γ
where α, β and γ are the angles of rotation of the components 2 . 3 . 4a are.

In the in the 2 . 3 and 4 In perspective shown embodiment, the planar element is a car door, wherein only the door frame with stiffeners and a frame-shaped component of the body skeleton are shown. 2 shows the door in its closed position, 3 in a partially open position and in 4 the door is shown in its fully open position.

At the body skeleton shown here only as a border 9 is a bow-shaped carrier 10 Permanently attached via an end plate by means of conventional fasteners, which at its free end a hinge-like pivot joint 11 having the in 1 shown joint 1a functionally equivalent. At this first pivot 11 is a first articulated arm 12 rotatably mounted about the vertical hinge axis, the other about a pivot joint 13 with a second articulated arm 14 is pivotally connected. The two articulated arms 12 . 14 have a vertical cross-section to obtain a high bending stiffness in the vertical direction and small transverse dimensions. As in particular from 3 can be seen, is at the free end of the second articulated arm 14 a third pivot joint 15 provided on which a terminating in a mounting plate support member 16 is stored. This support element 16 is via its mounting plate to two stable struts 17 approximately in the middle part of the door frame 18 attached by suitable mounting means. The attachment position of the support element 16 on the here horizontal struts 17 , ie the stop position of the support element 16 in the door frame, can according to the selected lengths of the two articulated arms 12 . 13 to get voted. How out 4 can be seen, in the fully open position of the door of the second articulated arm 14 a position parallel to the door frame taken and the first articulated arm 12 is located in an approximately transversely oriented to the door level position, so that the door is in a certain small transverse distance relative to the driving convincing body, as shown in 1 is also indicated for the dash-dotted position shown.

Unlocks a user from the outside in 2 closed door 18 and pull her in his direction, starting with the door 18 also the first articulated arm 2 together with the second articulated arm 3 to move, and at different speeds. As a result, both arms buckle 2 and 3 one in the closed door position on a Gera the lie (cf. 2 ), with the vehicle door 18 held in the original orientation parallel to the initial position and moved on a predetermined path. In the in 4 End position shown is the door 18 fully open, being outside the entrance opening of the vehicle. Sideways, the door takes 18 a minimal space, because it remains aligned parallel to the body surface, not shown. During a closing operation of the vehicle door, the individual elements move back to their starting position.

The 5 shows a kinematic gear train of shafts and bevel gears. A first bevel gear 28 is with the vehicle body 1 firmly connected, wherein its vertical axis is surrounded by a bush, both the pivot joint 1a ( 1 ) form. With this bevel gear 28 combs a bevel gear 21 , on one in here hollow first articulated arm 2 rotatably mounted shaft 25 is attached. The two bevel gears 28 . 21 form the in 1 illustrated first translation 5 , On the wave 15 is also another bevel gear 22 fastened with a bevel gear 29 is engaged and the in 1 represented translation 6 forms. The bevel gear 29 sits firmly on a here shared socket, which together with a pin in the 1 illustrated pivot joint 2a forms. At the end of the wave 25 is a caradan 24 arranged with another in the second articulated arm 3 rotatably mounted shaft 26 connected is. At the end of this wave 26 sits another bevel gear 23 with one around the pivot of the joint 3a rotatable bevel gear 20 meshes, which with the support element 4a is firmly connected.

When moving the door and thus the attached support member 4a becomes the bevel gear rotatably connected to the support element 20 turned. This rotation is about the shaft 26 over the cardan 24 on the wave 25 transfer. As a result, the bevel gear rolls 21 on the bevel gear 28 off, leaving the first articulated arm 2 pivots and at the same time the bevel gear 22 on the bevel gear 29 rolls, which also causes the associated second articulated arm 3 pivoted. When moving the door so move the two articulated arms 2 . 3 in a predefined way. The swing angle of the door may be opposite to the first articulated arm 2 and the second articulated arm 3 by choosing the size of the ratios of the translations 5 . 6 . 7 to be influenced.

In 6 a gear train of the suspension according to the invention is shown with pressure medium cylinders, which has the function of in the 1 and 5 illustrated translations 5 . 6 . 7 to have. Between the body frame 1 and the first articulated arm 2 are two hydraulic cylinders 37 . 38 arranged. One more hydraulic cylinder each 39 . 40 is between the first and second articulated arm 2 . 3 or between the second articulated arm 3 and the support element 4a the door 4 arranged. The first hydraulic cylinder 37 is through hydraulic lines 34 with the third hydraulic cylinder 39 connected and the second hydra likzylinder 38 is with the fourth hydraulic cylinder 40 over other lines 35 connected. All hydraulic cylinders are double-acting, with the respective connecting pipes leading to the spaces above the piston and also to the spaces below the respective pistons.

During a pivoting movement of the vehicle door 4 with its support element 4a pushes the piston of the fourth hydraulic cylinder 40 Liquid in the second hydraulic cylinder 38 whose piston via the mechanical coupling the first articulated arm 2 pivoted. At the same time, the hydraulic fluid is displaced from the first hydraulic cylinder 37 the piston in the third hydraulic cylinder 39 , the second articulated arm via its mechanical coupling 3 pivoted. By appropriate dimensioning and design of the hydraulic cylinder, the two articulated arms move 2 and 3 in an opening or closing movement of the door 4 in a preselected manner so that the combination of both arm movements results in a preselected trajectory of the door. The hydraulic cylinders can also be connected via suitable control valves to a pressure medium supply and instead of pressurized fluid with a compressed gas, in particular compressed air, are acted upon.

At the in 7 . 8th illustrated embodiment of a kinematic transmission are flexible tension cords, such as belts, V-belts, ropes, chains od. Like. Used as transmission organs. Since these flexible tension cords can transmit only tensile forces, two strands are required for an opening movement and for a closing movement of the door, which from the top view 7 and the side view 8th is apparent. On the body skeleton 1 is a cylindrical member 41 attached to which four as a belt 45 to 48 trained flexible strands are set. How out 8a , b, are the two belts 47 . 48 in opposite directions on a rotary member 43 established. Laterally next to this rotary member 43 is in flight to the joint 2a a pair of other cylindrical rotary members 44 arranged over which the belts 45 . 46 in the in 8c , d shown manner are performed. The ends of these belts 45 . 46 are on other cylindrical rotary members 42 attached to the pivot joint 3a are in flight and on the support element 4a the door 4 are attached. During an opening or closing movement of the door, corresponding straps are wound up or unwound on their associated rotary members, which results in tensile forces on the articulated arms 2 . 3 exercised and the door is moved on a predetermined path analogous to the embodiments described above.

In the embodiments described above, the door is manually moved from outside or inside by a user. However, it is also possible to provide drive units which, after activation, act on a component of the suspension, for example on the first articulated arm 2 , And cause by the pivotal movement of an opening or closing movement of the vehicle door.

The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Thus, translations can also be used as transmission means which effect any spatial trajectory of the movement path of the vehicle door or of another planar element. Furthermore, one or both articulated arms may be arcuate. It can also be provided articulated arms of variable length, for example in telescoping training, the means for length adjustment should be coupled with the various translation elements of the kinematic nematischen gear train. Furthermore, the door can eg by means of their struts 17 also on guide rails manually or by a drive displaceable on the support element 4a be arranged, which allows shorter articulated arms and thus smaller lateral clearances. In particular, for large-scale elements, such as relatively heavy loading doors of trucks, buses, etc., the suspension of the invention can also be used in duplicate to increase the reliability and stability. In this case, an articulated arm system can be arranged on an upper end region of the large-area element and a further articulated arm system on its other lower end region, wherein each of these articulated arm systems or - for cost reasons - only one articulated arm system can be assigned a gear train with the transmission elements.

Of the used term "sheet element" includes doors and Windows of buildings, machinery and various vehicles, like road vehicles, Construction machinery, aircraft, ships u. Like. And also cover and other covers, where it is a total advantage when opening and Shut down only a relatively small lateral free space is available.

Claims (7)

Suspension with opening and closing mechanism for doors, windows or other flat elements, in particular for vehicle doors, characterized by - an articulated arm system with at least two via a joint ( 2a ) interconnected rigid bending arms ( 2 . 3 ), of which a first articulated arm ( 2 ) via a joint ( 1a ) with a on the body frame ( 1 ) fastened carrier ( 10 ) and a second articulated arm ( 3 ) with its free end over a joint ( 3a ) with one on the planar element ( 4 ) fixed support element ( 4a ), and - a gear train with translation elements associated with the articulated arm system ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) for moving the planar element in parallel ( 4 ) between a closed position and a front or rear opening position. Suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the support element ( 4a . 16 ) on a stiff bracing ( 17 ) in the middle region of the door frame ( 18 ) is attached. Suspension according to claim 2, characterized in that the total length of the two articulated arms ( 2 . 3 ) about the distance between the on the door frame ( 18 ) fixed support element ( 16 ) and on the vehicle frame ( 1 ) fastened carrier ( 10 ) corresponds. Suspension according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joints ( 1a . 2a . 3a ; 11 . 13 . 15 ) hinge-like pivot joints with transverse to the longitudinal direction of the articulated arms ( 2 . 3 ) are aligned pin. Suspension according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the transmission elements ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) are designed as mechanical structural parts such as shafts and bevel gear pairings. suspension according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that the translation elements the kinematic gear train at least partially pressure medium drives, as with each other hydraulically coupled hydraulic cylinders are. Suspension according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the transmission elements ( 5 . 6 . 7 ) of the kinematic gear train to turn links fastened pull cords.