DE102004031837A1 - Reactor for (especially thermo-chemical) treatment of bulk goods always has its outlet above a predetermined minimum height above the deepest part of the mixing chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

A reactor for (especially thermo-chemical) treatment of bulk goods such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, foods or fodder comprises a chamber with a goods inlet (4) and outlet (6), the outlet (6) always being above a predetermined minimum height above the deepest part of the chamber and the chamber also having hub or mixing elements (22, 23...) reaching the lowest part of the chamber and thus transporting the goods along the reactor. A reactor for (especially thermo-chemical) treatment of bulk goods such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, foods or fodder comprises (A) a chamber rotated around an axis (A) by a drive (M) and having an inlet (4) and outlet (6) for the goods, outlet (6) being in a wall (18) of the chamber and being, regardless of the position of the chamber during rotation, always at above a predetermined minimum height above the deepest point in the chamber; and (B) hub or mixing elements (22, 23...) reaching the lowest part of the chamber during their rotation around axis (A) and taking up the goods and moving above the predetermined minimum height where they meet a take-off device which transfers the goods to the outlet (6) such that the goods progress along the reactor between inlet (4) and outlet (6).

Description

The The invention relates to a reactor for the treatment of bulk materials, in particular for the thermo-chemical treatment of bulk materials made of polymer material such as Polyester, polyamides, polycarbonates, or of processed foods or Feed.

at the treatment of bulk materials in Reactors one strives for all bulk particles treated in the reactor have the same treatment conditions to ensure. This means that either at any location within the reactor the same treatment conditions are produced and / or that one the bulk material within the reactor so mixed that all bulk particles while of their stay accumulates the same treatment result experienced.

Around such a standardization the treatment of the individual bulk particles to achieve the particles are e.g. on a tape and with low Pouring height through moves a treatment room and / or the bulk material is by mechanical Mixing tools or mixed by a fluid.

The Use of mechanical mixing tools can be used on bulk solids too severe abrasion and thus lead to dust formation, while the use of a Fluid for mixing is expensive in terms of apparatus.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a reactor for treatment a bulk material on the one hand a gentle, i. preferably abrasion and thus low dust, and on the other hand a little equipment complex and yet largely uniform Treatment of all particles of the bulk material allows.

These Task is solved by a reactor according to claim 1. He is suitable for the treatment of bulk materials, in particular for the thermo-chemical treatment of bulk materials made of polymer material such as Polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, or processed foods or feed.

This invention Reactor contains at least one about a rotary axis of rotation by means of a drive unit rotatable rotary chamber with an inlet for that too treating bulk material and an outlet for the treated bulk material. The outlet is arranged in a wall of the rotary chamber in such a way that that he is independent from the rotational position of the rotary chamber about the rotary chamber axis of rotation always more than a predetermined minimum height above the lowest point of the Rotary chamber volume is located. In addition, the reactor according to the invention contains at least one about a Hubelement rotation axis rotatable bulk material lifting element. This bulk material lifting element achieved during its rotational movement about the lifting element axis of rotation the deepest area of the rotary chamber volume in which it is in a receiving position located and contained in the rotary chamber bulk material from the deepest area receives. In the course of its rotational movement, this moves Bulk material lifting element together at least with the collected bulk material up to the predetermined minimum height up, on which it is in a delivery position and the recorded bulk material in the Outlet gives off. This cycle is repeated during operation of the reactor according to the invention, so that the bulk material gradually along a bulk material conveying direction from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor.

By the circulating bulk material lifting element inside the reactor becomes the bulk material of the series after being picked up gently, raised within the reactor and discharged through the outlet. The rotary chamber movement is a gentle Thorough mixing of the bulk material reached. The bulk material lifting element takes part of the bulk material collected at the bottom of the rotary chamber on. This picking up the bulk material represents a purely random Sampling of a part of the particles from the entirety of the particles represents and carries thus also for the evening out the bulk material treatment in the inventive Reactor at.

Preferably is in the inventive Reactor the bulk material lifting element in the rotary chamber volume axially spaced from the inlet and arranged adjacent to the outlet, so that it during his Rotary movement only facing away from the inlet and adjacent to the outlet part volume passes through the rotary chamber volume. On this way you can get that through the inlet into the rotary chamber volume incoming bulk material not immediately from the bulk material lifting element is detected. This is the continuous operation of the inventive reactor ensures a minimum residence time of the individual bulk particles in the reactor.

According to an advantageous further development, the reactor according to the invention has a plurality of rotary chambers in series, wherein the outlet of a rotary chamber is connected to the inlet of the adjacent chamber between adjacent rotary chambers, preferably two adjoining rotary chambers being delimited from each other by a partition, in each case an opening which adjoin the outlet of one and the inlet of the other of the two forms the rotary chambers. By means of the several chambers, an equalization of the treatment time of the individual bulk material particles, ie a very narrow residence time spectrum, is achieved.

It different geometries and configurations of the inventive reactor are possible.

The Drehkammer-Drehachse kann mit einer Körperachse, esp Symmetryeachse and / or the axis of gravity, the rotary chamber or the rotation chambers are identical. In this way you get one particularly gentle to the product operating "rotating reactor".

If the rotary chamber axis of rotation with a body axis, in particular the Symmetryeachse and / or the axis of gravity, the rotary chamber or the rotation chambers is not identical, you get a "tumble reactor", although something works less product-friendly, but a more intensive mixing of the product as the "rotary reactor" type.

Conveniently, the rotary chamber axis of rotation extends through the respective openings. Thereby can a bulk material inlet channel connected to the inlet and a bulk material outlet channel connected to the outlet be arranged concentrically about the axis of rotation. This facilitates the seal between the rotatable rotary chamber and the fixed one Inlet and outlet channel.

Conveniently, are also the rotary chamber axis of rotation and the lifting element rotation axis identical. This facilitates the common rotary drive of the rotary chamber and of the bulk material lifting element contained in it via a single axis of rotation, wherein between the rotary chamber rotary drive and the Lifting element rotary drive if necessary a translation is switched, so that the rotary chamber and the lifting element with different Speeds can be driven.

Especially It is advantageous if the bulk material lifting element with the rotating chamber inner wall is rigidly connected. As a result, relative movements between the Rotary chamber and the lifting element and thus any risk of excessive stress excluded from the product.

The Bulk lifting element can be rigidly connected in sections with the rotating chamber inner wall be so that between the surface of the bulk material attacking the Lifting element and the rotary chamber inner wall passages are present. Thus, a part of the bulk material captured by the lifting element trickle through these passages, which also for mixing and equalization the bulk material treatment contributes.

Preferably has the bulk material lifting element a cargo area on, loaded in the receiving position of the bulk material lifting element with bulk material can be and of the in the delivery position of the bulk material lifting element bulk can be unloaded in the outlet. This allows a defined subset of the entire bulk material in the rotary chamber capture and carry on.

Conveniently, make the several adjacent rotary chambers a prism-shaped or cylindrical Structure with a jacket wall, wherein the prism axis and the cylinder axis is identical to the rotary chamber axes of rotation. The bulk material lifting element is a leaf-like or blade-like structure, which in each case a partition, which has a radially inwardly disposed opening, is mounted and opposite in the axial direction Product conveying direction away from the dividing wall into the rotary chamber volume and into radial Direction from the mantle wall along the dividing wall through to the Area of the opening extends. Thus, the lifting element and particles from the lowest Part of the bed take up.

Especially advantageous, in particular for small particles of bulk material, it is when the bulk material lifting element sealing both with the jacket wall and with the partition wall or is connected gap-free. This will avoid particles penetrate into columns, which is especially true in versions with a relative movement between rotary chamber and lifting element to an unwanted grinding of product and thus could lead to dust formation.

Of the Connection area of the bulk material lifting element with the jacket wall and with the partition may have gaps and / or holes. Thus falls while the rotational movement of a part of the lifting element entrained by the lifting element back again in the bulk bed at the Bottom of the rotating chamber, which in addition to a backmixing also to an improvement the contact of individual particles with a treatment gas in the Rotary chamber contributes.

The Bulk lifting element can on the side pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotary chamber under an angle of less than 90 ° the partition should be turned on. Through the thus formed V-shaped receiving area between the lifting element and the partition can be during a Rotation of the bulk material lifting element Absorbable and liftable bulk material increase.

Preferably, the bulk material lifting element has in the loading area on the in the Drehkam mer direction of rotation side depressions whose shape is complementary to the shape of the bulk particles. As a result, slippage of the particles taken up and entrained by the bulk material lifting element can be prevented, and a certain number of bulk material particles can be lifted by the lifting element upwards to the outlet per revolution.

Instead of or in addition to the wells, the bulk material lifting element Have perforations. This has a similar function as the mentioned wells, but reduce the risk of the in comparison with the wells Baking of bulk particles on the lifting element.

at the bulk material lifting element or the bulk material lifting elements at least part of the rotary chambers is the bulk material lifting element designed like a sieve. This also reduces the risk of Baking of bulk particles on the lifting element and can over it addition to a classification of bulk solids particles are used, when in successive rotary chambers increasingly close-meshed sieves be used.

Preferably takes the extending in the axial direction dimension of the bulk material lifting element from its radially outer End of the shell wall to its radially inner end in the area the outlet too. This will ensure that with increasing level the rotating chamber increasingly more bulk material through the lifting element removed and removed becomes, so that overcrowding the Rotary chamber is prevented.

In slightly modified form can extend in the axial direction Dimension of the bulk material lifting element be designed so that this dimension from the radially outer End of the lifting element on the jacket wall to the radially inner end goes through a minimum in the area of the outlet. This can be done stabilize a rotary chamber level "halfway up" whose Filling height about the radial distance between the radial position of these minimum Hubelement-axial dimension and the radial position of the shell wall (Rotary chamber radius) corresponds.

So may be the minimum of the axial dimension of the bulk material lifting element at a radial location of the bulk material lifting element the bigger one as the maximum radial extent of the outlet and less than 90% of the maximum inner radius of the rotary chamber volume. In particular, can the minimum of the axial dimension of the bulk material lifting element on a radial location of the bulk material lifting element be arranged between the maximum radial extent the outlet and at least 5cm from the maximum inner radius of the rotary chamber volume away.

Conveniently, is the dimension of the bulk material lifting element extending in the axial direction smaller than the axial length the respective rotary chamber volume. Similar as mentioned above, will thereby avoiding that a entering into the respective rotary chamber Bulk particles Immediately detected by the lifting element and from this rotating chamber without significant residence time is brought out.

When another built-in element can be any of the several adjacent ones Rotary chambers each have at least one attached to the jacket wall mixing element exhibit. Such a mixing element contributes to an additional Mixing the particles at. Preferably, the mixing element a leaf-like or blade-like structure that is located between the both partitions a rotary chamber over the entire axial extent extends and with the partitions as well the jacket wall of the rotary chamber gap-free or sealingly connected is. As a result, when rotating the rotary chamber, all the lowest-lying bulk particles within the bulk bed of the Rotary chamber recorded and redistributed. Thus it can be prevented that some bulk particles, which are located at the very bottom of the rotary chamber, in this chamber linger too long (preventing "swelling" of bulk particles).

The Blade-like or blade-like mixing element can be used for the rotation chamber longitudinal direction aslant be arranged so that it promotes promotional in the product conveying direction.

All in all can according to the invention Reactor designed so that at least part of the rotary chambers in each case several bulk material lifting elements having, wherein the plurality of bulk material lifting elements a rotary chamber along the circumferential direction spaced, in particular at equal angular intervals spaced, are arranged around the axis of rotation around. This can be done reduce the mean residence time of the particles in this chamber and in addition to the lifting effect, bring more movement into the bulk material.

Similarly, at least a portion of the rotary chambers each having a plurality of mixing elements, wherein the plurality of mixing elements of a rotary chamber are in turn preferably arranged at equal angular intervals around the axis of rotation around. This is particularly useful in the furthest upstream spin chambers of the reactor when particles of polyester, polyamide or polycarbonate are subjected to solid-phase polymerization. These particles tend to stick together after their formation from the melt. That's why it's an advantage liable to move these particles more intensely in these rotary chambers by several mixing elements per rotary chamber than would be the case with only one mixing element per rotary chamber. In the farther downstream rotary chambers then a mixing element per rotary chamber is sufficient, or you can even without mixing elements even at the furthest downstream of the rotary chambers.

Conveniently, are the bulk material lifting elements and / or the mixing elements of different rotary chambers angularly evenly distributed arranged around the axis of rotation. This will ensure that the empty Reactor has no imbalance.

Farther can with given geometry and design of the rotary chamber or the rotation chambers are arranged differently the axis of rotation.

The Rotary chamber or the rotary chambers can or can be rotatably supported be that its prism axis or cylinder axis and its axis of rotation horizontal, inclined downwards or inclined upwards.

Preferably has the rotary chamber wall channels on, by a heat transfer fluid flow through are. This allows the rotary chamber wall or each of the rotary chamber walls targeted be tempered.

Of the invention Reactor is preferably gasifiable. The fumigation can be in DC to Product conveying direction, in countercurrent to the product conveying direction or along the bulk material conveying direction meandering respectively.

Preferably is in the inventive Reactor spaced from the inlet in the axial direction of a baffle plate arranged over the entire radial extent of the inlet extends. This will on the one hand ensures that over the bulk material particles entering the turning chamber axially in the immediate vicinity Near inlet fall to the bottom of the rotary chamber or to the bed in the rotary chamber. This makes it very unlikely that a particle just entered the rotary chamber has entered, in the catchment area of the bulk material lifting element this rotary chamber passes and is transported out of this immediately again. The flapper carries thus likewise for, for provide a minimum residence time of the particles in the rotating chamber.

at a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive reactor are the between two adjacent prism-shaped or cylindrical rotary chambers arranged polygonal or circular partitions in a radially outward and over a part along the Circumferential direction of the respective separation chamber extending partition wall area reticulate or latticed or formed as a perforated plate. The opening of the each separation chamber has a closure element, whose Release and closing movement coupled with the rotation of the rotary chambers is. The opening the separation chamber is released when the reticulated or lattice-like formed partition area of the respective partition in the am highest located rotational position and when the bulk material lifting element in the delivery position. Otherwise, the opening is the Partition blocked by the closure element. More precisely, takes place alternately releasing the opening when the reticulated or lattice-like partition wall area during the Turn into the highest Rotary position passes, and a closure of the opening, if the reticulated or lattice-like partition wall area the highest rotational position leaves. This ensures that the gassing current during a majority of the rotational movement of the rotary chamber only via the net-like or lattice-like partition wall portion of a rotary chamber get to the next one can, so that as a fill bulk material from the fumigation gas accumulated at the bottom of the rotary chamber really flowed through becomes.

at the net-like or grid-like area or the perforated sheet metal area the partition may be the smallest hole dimension, i. Mesh size, Bar spacing or smallest hole diameter, smaller than 2mm and preferably less than 1 mm. This embodiment is suitable especially good for Bulk particles in the size range from about 3mm to 5mm, e.g. typical polyester pellets by Extrusion were obtained.

alternative This smallest hole size can be smaller than 0.2mm and preferably be less than 0.1mm. This embodiment is particularly suitable good for Bulk particles in the size range of about 0.2mm to 1mm, e.g. typical polyester beads, by dripping were recovered from the melt.

Conveniently, the net-like or grid-like region or the perforated plate area of the dividing wall is a radially outer portion of the polygonal or circular dividing wall, which represents between 1/10 and 1/3 of the wall surface of the dividing wall. In particular, the net-like or grid-like area of the partition is an area between a secant and a part of the perimeter along the partition plane, the length of the secant being between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the polygon Circle diameter is. This ensures that in a conventional bulk material bed in the rotating chamber virtually the entire gassing is passed through the bulk material.

at the closure element may be a mounted in the partition wall Sliding gate or rotary valve act during the rotation of the Rotary chamber by gravity into a position releasing the opening slides or pivots before the reticulated or latticed formed partition area of the respective partition in the am highest located rotational position and before the bulk material lifting element located in the delivery position, and during the rotation of the Rotary chamber by gravity into a position closing the opening slides or pivots before the reticulated or latticed formed partition area of the respective partition in the deepest located rotational position and before the bulk material lifting element is in the receiving position.

• – Anordnen einer Strahlquelle vor dem Einlass und eines Strahlsensor hinter dem Auslass oder umgekehrt, zwischen denen eine Sichtverbindung durch den Einlass und den Auslass bzw. durch sämtliche Öffnungen des Reaktors besteht. Als "Strahlen" können z.B. Ultraschall oder optische Strahlung verwendet werden.
• – Die Antriebseinheit kann eine Drehmoment-Erfassungsvorrichtung aufweisen.
• – Es kann eine Alpha-Strahlenquelle und ein Alpha-Strahlensensor zur Durchstrahlung des Reaktorinnenraums vorgesehen sein.
• – Es kann ein Berührungssensor in der Mantelinnenwand vorgesehen sein.

For level monitoring, one or more of the following elements can be provided on the reactor according to the invention:

• - Arranging a jet source in front of the inlet and a jet sensor behind the outlet or vice versa, between which a visual connection through the inlet and the outlet or through all the openings of the reactor. As "rays", for example, ultrasound or optical radiation can be used.
• The drive unit may have a torque detection device.
• It can be provided for the irradiation of the reactor interior an alpha-radiation source and an alpha-ray sensor.
• - It may be provided in the casing inner wall, a touch sensor.

Preferably indicates the reactor next to the bulk material outlet a vacuum connection. This is especially beneficial if the reactor consists of several rotary chambers and he preferably next to the bulk material outlet the in product conveying direction last rotary chamber has a vacuum connection. This will in to be degassed bulk materials in the last rotary chamber a thorough Degassing or decontamination of the bulk material achieved.

Further Advantages, features and applications of the invention result to be understood from the following description of a non-limiting Embodiment, wherein:

1 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of the inventive reactor;

2 is a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the inventive reactor;

3 a sectional view of part of the in 2 represented reactor;

4 shows a partition of a third embodiment of the inventive reactor;

5 another peculiarity of the third execution of 4 shows; and

6 a fourth embodiment of the inventive reactor in a similar sectional view as 3 shows.

1 is a schematic side view of a first embodiment of the inventive reactor. He has a cylindrical shell 30 on, passing through eight circular walls or partitions 11 . 12 , ..., 18 is divided into seven rotary chambers with a cylindrical rotary chamber volume. The coat 30 is considered transparent for the purposes of illustration here, so that the "internals" of the reactor are visible. The walls or partitions 11 . 12 , ..., 18 are with the coat 30 rotatably connected. The reactor is rotatable about a horizontal axis A, which at the same time the geometric cylinder axis of the shell 30 is. Each of the walls 11 . 12 , ..., 18 has a central opening 11a . 12a , ..., 18a , The first opening 11a is with an inlet 4 via which a bulk material (not shown) to be treated is fed into the reactor. The last opening 18a is with an outlet 6 connected, via which the bulk material fed into the reactor is conveyed out of the reactor after its treatment. Except the first wall 11 assigns each of the following walls 12 . 13 , ..., 18 a bulk material lifting element 22 . 23 , ..., 28 on, each with its associated wall 12 . 13 , ..., 18 rotatably connected and extending in the axial direction of its associated wall in the rotary chamber volume. The bulk material lifting elements 22 . 23 , ..., 28 each extend over the entire radial distance from the shell wall 30 until the respective opening 12a . 13a , ..., 18a in the circular walls 12 . 13 , ..., 18 , In addition, each rotary chamber each has two mixing elements 42 . 52 . 43 . 52 , ..., 48 . 58 on that with the inner surface of the cylinder jacket 30 are rotatably connected. The mixing elements of each rotary chamber are arranged diametrically opposite one another. Each rotary chamber has a mixing element 42 . 43 , ..., 48 which extends over the entire axial extent of the respective rotary chamber from one partition wall to the next, and a mixing element 52 . 53 , ..., 58 that just over a portion of the axial extent of the respective rotary chamber extends axially, so that between the mixing element and its two adjacent partitions in each case a radial gap is present. The entire reactor is on the outer surface of its cylinder jacket 30 on roller bearings 31 . 32 rotatably mounted, being on the roller bearing 32 Also, a drive unit M is provided for the rotary drive of the reactor about its horizontal axis of rotation A. In addition, at one of the chambers is a sampler 33 on the coat 30 arranged, can be removed during the treatment of bulk material samples from the reactor.

The Arrows P and P 'show schematically the product flow (bulk) into the reactor inside or out of the reactor, i. untreated product or treated Product.

The Arrows G and G 'show schematically a gas flow (treatment gas) into the reactor inside or out of the reactor, i. "unloaded" gas stream or "loaded" gas stream.

The arrows H / K and H '/ K' schematically show a heating / cooling flow (heat transfer fluid), which is led into the reactor walls or led out of the reactor walls. Preferably, at least the jacket wall 30 tempered with a heat transfer fluid.

The reactor just described operates as follows:
If in the reactor rotating about the axis A through the inlet 4 and through the opening 11a Bulk material enters the first rotary chamber, this falls down and covers the bottom of the rotary chamber. Because of the rotation of the reactor, this bulk material is alternated by the mixing elements 42 and 52 seized, carried along by them in the circumferential direction over a certain distance and then dropped again. As a result, there is a thorough mixing of the bulk material in the first rotary chamber. During the rotation of the reactor also always a part of the bulk material contained in the first rotary chamber of the sheet-like or paddle-like bulk material lifting element 22 taken when immersed in the accumulated at the bottom of the rotary chamber bulk material, and then becomes similar to the mixing elements 42 and 52 taken in the circumferential direction when the lifting element 22 moved upwards in the course of its rotation. In this case, a portion of the so-scooped bulk material passes over the opening 12a in the second turning chamber. There, the described sequence is repeated with the mixing elements 43 and 53 as well as with the bulk material lifting element 23 over the opening 13a , In the adjoining rotary chambers, the same mixing and transport process takes place as in the first two rotary chambers. In this way, the bulk material is transported in a bulk material conveying direction F through the reactor.

at the treatment of the bulk material This is usually fed to both energy and substances or led away from him. Thus, the inventive Reactor e.g. for degassing and / or gassing a bulk material be used, over the gas takes place both the energy and the substance transport. Preferred applications of the reactor are the drying of granular foodstuffs. or feed products with a warm and dry air stream or the thermo-chemical treatment of polyester particles in one hot nitrogen flow (crystallization and / or solid phase postcondensation) being in both cases Steam is removed and transported away. The fumigation takes place then preferably in countercurrent to the product conveying direction F.

2 is a schematic side view of a second embodiment of the inventive reactor. Elements of this reactor leading to the elements of the reactor 1 are identical or correspond to them, bear the same reference numerals. This reactor also has a cylindrical jacket 30 on, passing through eight circular walls or partitions 11 . 12 , ..., 18 is divided into seven rotary chambers with a cylindrical rotary chamber volume.

The reactor of 2 differs from the reactor of 1 in that the bulk material lifting elements 22 . 23 , ..., 28 successive rotary chambers are arranged diametrically opposite and each have a blade area 22a . 23a , ..., 28a and an additional baffle 22b . 23b , ..., 28b exhibit. This additional baffle 22b . 23b , ..., 28b Ensures that a majority of the blade area 22a . 23a , ..., 28a a bulk material lifting element entrained bulk material over the respective opening 12a . 13a , ..., 28a gets into the next turning chamber.

In addition, the reactor differs from the 2 from the reactor of 1 also by the fact that each rotary chamber only one mixing element 42 . 43 , ..., 48 owns, and that between the mixing element and the inner surface of the cylinder jacket 30 one gap each 42a . 43a , ..., 48a is available.

3 is a sectional view of part of the in 2 represented reactor along a through the cylinder axis or the axis of rotation A and two diametrical bulk material lifting elements 22 . 23 extending cutting plane in 2 , You can see the cylinder jacket 30 as well as the two circular walls 12 and 13 each with a central opening 12a respectively. 13a , One recognizes also that the Bulk lifting elements 22 . 23 over the entire radial extent of the reactor from the inner wall of the cylinder jacket 30 until the respective opening 12a respectively. 13a and extend over their entire diameter. You can also see that the two diametrical mixing elements 42 . 43 the successive rotary chambers lattice-like and with columns 42a . 42b . 42c respectively. 43a . 43b . 43c between the shell wall 30 and the partitions 12 and 13 are formed.

4 shows a partition 12 a third embodiment of the inventive reactor with a view along the product conveying direction F (see 1 or 2 ). In this embodiment, a part of the rotary chambers, as well as the one shown here, contains four mixing elements 42 . 42 ' . 52 . 52 ' in the circumferential direction evenly on the inner wall of the cylinder jacket 30 are distributed. That from the cylinder jacket 30 up to the opening 12a and extending over this bulk material lifting element 22 is also indicated. In addition, a bulk filling (product) P is indicated. The bulk material shown here is a bead of polyester with a diameter of 0.2mm to 0.8mm.

A special feature of this design is that the partition 12 and the other (not shown) partitions in each case one for the bulk material impermeable and permeable for treatment gas area in the form of a perforated plate or grid 12b which is located in a radially outer region of the partition wall 12 is bounded by a secant and a circular arc section. This perforated sheet metal area 12b is adapted to the degree of filling of the rotary chambers and allows passage of the fumigation between adjacent rotary chambers through the bulk material P through, when the perforated plate area 12b is in the lower position during the rotation of the reactor. This is the opening 12a always kept closed (see 5 ) when the perforated sheet metal area 12b in its lower position, in which the bulk material P is applied to it. This will prevent the gassing flow to a majority across the opening 12a flows past the product bed P and forms a "short circuit" on the path of least resistance.

5 shows another peculiarity of the third embodiment of 4 , Here is at the in 4 shown partition 12 a plate-like, parallel to the partition wall 12 extending closure element 60 in the form of a rotary valve ("pendulum") at a pivot point 61 hinged. The pivoting movement of the rotary valve is by a first stop 62 and a second stop 63 limited.

The representations 5-1 to 5-8 show eight rotational positions of the reactor or the partition wall 12 , on the basis of which the operation of the rotary valve 60 recognizes by the interaction of reactor rotation and rotary valve gravity. The rotational positions 5-1 and 5-2 are identical to the rotational positions 5-7 and 5-8 ,

In the rotary position 5-1 is the bulk material lifting element 22 in a receiving position in which it receives from the product fill (not shown) a portion of the product P and transported by its rotation upwards, ie lifts, until it is in a rotational position 5-2 in which it is in a dispensing position, in which the received and lifted product P by the action of gravity to the opening 12a slides and / or rolls in the middle of the rotary chamber. At the rotational positions 5-1 and 5-2 as well as at the next turning position 5-3 is the opening 12a unlocked, and the rotary valve 60 is at the stop 62 at. Only at the transition from the rotational position 5-3 to the rotational position 5-4 the rotary valve shimmers 60 to the center of the rotary chamber and is from now on the stop 63 at. At this transition, the perforated sheet metal area arrives at the same time 12b the partition 12 in its lowest position, in which the entire product bed (not shown) rests against him. Now the opening 12a through the rotary valve 60 is closed, the gassing gas is forced to make its way from rotary chamber to rotary chamber on the perforated plate area 12b and to search through the product fill at the perforated plate area. In the rotary positions 5-5 and 5-6 the opening stays 12a through the rotary valve 60 still closed. At the transition from the rotational position 5-6 to the rotational position 5-7 The rotary valve shuttles back to the edge of the rotary chamber and is from now on again at the stop 62 at. With the rotary positions 5-7 (Recording position) and 5-8 (Delivery position), the described cycle is repeated.

By periodically releasing and blocking the opening 12a As well as the other openings in the other rotating chambers creates a beneficial for mass transfer and heat exchange with the product pulsating gas flow through the product bed, which can even be used to a thorough mixing of the product bed with sufficiently small particles.

6 shows a fourth embodiment of the inventive reactor in a similar sectional view as 3 , The sectional plane containing the cylinder axis or the axis of rotation A and by three diametrical bulk material lifting elements 22 . 23 . 24 runs.

A special feature of this design are baffles 72 . 73 and 74 , each on the delivery side, ie on he from the respective lifting elements 22 . 23 and 24 side facing away from the respective partitions 12 . 13 and 14 in front of the openings 12a . 13a and 14a are arranged. These baffles prevent over their respective openings 12a . 13a and 14a in the rotary chambers entering bulk material particles jump too far into the respective rotary chamber and thereby have too short residence time in this rotary chamber. The mixing elements 42 . 43 are made of a lattice-like material and have gaps 42a . 42b and 42c respectively. 43a . 43b and 43c , similar to this in 3 is shown. The bulk material lifting elements 22 . 23 . 24 each have a blade area 22a . 23a and 24a and one baffle each 22b . 23b and 24b on, much like this in 2 is shown.

Claims (54)

Reactor for the treatment of bulk materials, in particular for the thermo-chemical treatment of bulk materials made of polymer material such as polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates, or of processed foods or feedstuffs, wherein the reactor comprises: - at least one about a rotary chamber axis of rotation (A) by means of a drive unit (M) rotatable rotary chamber with an inlet ( 4 ) for the bulk material to be treated and an outlet ( 6 ) for the treated bulk material; - where the outlet ( 6 ) in a wall ( 18 ) of the rotary chamber is arranged such that it is always independent of the rotational position of the rotary chamber about the rotary chamber axis of rotation (A) by more than a predetermined minimum height above the lowest point of the rotary chamber volume; and - at least one bulk material lifting element rotatable about a lifting element rotation axis (A) ( 22 . 23 , ..., 28 ), which during its rotation about the Hubelement-rotation axis (A) reaches the deepest portion of the rotary chamber volume and passes through a receiving position, wherein it receives bulk material contained in the rotating chamber from the deepest region, and which in the further course of its rotational movement together with the collected bulk material at least up to the predetermined minimum height moves upwards and passes through a dispensing position, wherein it receives the received bulk material in the outlet ( 6 ), so that the bulk material gradually along a bulk material conveying direction (F) of the inlet ( 4 ) to the outlet ( 6 ). Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that that the bulk material lifting element in the rotary chamber volume axially spaced from the inlet and is arranged adjacent to the outlet, so that it during his Drehbewe movement only facing away from the inlet and adjacent to the outlet Partial volume of the rotary chamber volume passes through. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that it has several rotary chambers in series, with between adjacent Rotary chambers of the outlet of a rotary chamber with the inlet of the adjacent Chamber is connected. Reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that in each case two adjoining rotary chambers by a partition wall ( 12 . 13 , ..., 17 ) are delimited from each other, in each of which an opening ( 12a . 13a , ..., 17a ), which forms the outlet of one and the inlet of the other of the two adjoining rotary chambers. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the rotary chamber axis of rotation with a body axis, in particular the axis of symmetry and / or the axis of gravity, the Rotary chamber or the rotary chambers is identical. Reactor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that the rotary chamber axis of rotation with a body axis, in particular the Symmetryeachse and / or the axis of gravity, the rotary chamber or the rotary chambers is not identical. Reactor according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that that the rotary chamber axis of rotation through the respective openings extends. Reactor according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the rotary-chamber rotation axis and the lifting-element rotation axis are identical. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the bulk material lifting element is rigidly connected to the rotating chamber inner wall. Reactor according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized that the bulk material lifting element is rigidly connected in sections with the rotating chamber inner wall. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the bulk material lifting element a cargo area has, loaded in the receiving position of the bulk material lifting element with bulk material can be and of the in the delivery position of the bulk material lifting element bulk can be unloaded in the outlet. Reactor according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the plurality of adjacent rotary chambers a prismenförmi ges or cylindrical structure with a shell wall ( 30 ), wherein the prism axis or the cylinder axis is identical to the rotational chamber axes of rotation, and that the bulk material lifting element ( 22 . 23 , ..., 28 ) is a sheet-like or blade-like structure which in each case on a partition wall ( 12 . 13 , ..., 18 ), which has a radially inwardly disposed opening ( 12a . 13a , ..., 18a ) is mounted, and in the axial direction opposite to the product conveying direction (F) of the partition away in the rotary chamber volume and in the radial direction of the shell wall ( 30 ) along the partition wall ( 12 . 13 , ..., 18 ) continuously to the area of the opening ( 12a . 13a , ..., 18a ). Reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that that the bulk material lifting element sealing both with the jacket wall and with the partition wall or is connected gap-free. Reactor according to claim 12, characterized in that that the connection region of the bulk material lifting element with the jacket wall and with the partition wall has gaps and / or holes. Reactor according to one of Claims 11 to 14, characterized that the bulk material lifting element on the side pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotary chamber under one Angle of less than 90 ° the partition is employed. Reactor according to one of Claims 11 to 15, characterized that the bulk material lifting element in the cargo area on the side pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotary chamber depressions has, whose shape is complementary to the shape of the bulk particles. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the bulk material lifting element Having perforations. Reactor according to one of Claims 3 to 17, characterized that at the bulk material lifting element or the bulk material lifting elements at least a part of the rotary chambers, the bulk material lifting element sieve-like is trained. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterized that in the axial direction extending dimension of the bulk material lifting element from its radially outer End of the shell wall to its radially inner end in the area of the outlet increases. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterized that in the axial direction extending dimension of the bulk material lifting element from its radially outer End of the shell wall to its radially inner end in the area the outlet goes through a minimum. Reactor according to claim 20, characterized in that that is the minimum of the axial dimension of the bulk material lifting element at a radial location of the bulk material lifting element which is bigger than the maximum radial extent of the outlet and less than 90% the maximum inner radius of the rotary chamber volume is. Reactor according to claim 20, characterized in that that is the minimum of the axial dimension of the bulk material lifting element at a radial location of the bulk material lifting element located between the maximum radial extent of the outlet and at least 5 cm from the maximum inner radius of the rotary chamber volume lies. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 22, characterized that in the axial direction extending dimension of the bulk material lifting element smaller than the axial length of the respective rotary chamber volume. Reactor according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that each of the plurality of adjoining rotary chambers at least one on the shell wall ( 30 ) attached mixing element ( 42 . 43 , ..., 48 . 52 . 53 , ..., 58 ) having. Reactor according to claim 24, characterized in that the mixing element ( 42 . 43 , ..., 48 . 52 . 53 , ..., 58 ) is a sheet-like or blade-like structure which extends between the two partitions of a rotary chamber over its entire axial extent and with the partitions and the shell wall ( 30 ) of the rotary chamber gap-free or sealing or is connected while maintaining a gap between the jacket wall and the mixing element. Reactor according to claim 25, characterized in that that the blade or blade-like mixing element to the rotating chamber longitudinal direction aslant is arranged and promotes promotional in the product conveying direction. Reactor according to one of Claims 4 to 26, characterized that at least a portion of the rotary chambers each have a plurality of bulk material lifting elements having. Reactor according to claim 27, characterized in that that the several bulk material lifting elements of a Rotary chamber spaced along the circumferential direction, in particular at equal angular intervals spaced, are arranged around the axis of rotation around. Reactor according to one of Claims 4 to 28, characterized that at least a part of the rotary chambers each have a plurality of mixing elements. Reactor according to claim 29, characterized in that that the plurality of mixing elements of a rotating chamber at equal angular intervals to the axis of rotation are arranged around. Reactor according to one of Claims 4 to 30, characterized that the bulk material lifting elements various rotary chambers angularly evenly distributed are arranged about the axis of rotation. Reactor according to one of Claims 4 to 31, characterized that the mixing elements of different rotary chambers distributed evenly angular are arranged about the axis of rotation. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 32, characterized that the rotary chamber is rotatably mounted such that its prism axis or cylinder axis and its axis of rotation are horizontal. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 32, characterized that the rotary chamber is rotatably mounted such that its prism axis or cylinder axis and its axis of rotation inclined downwards. Reactor according to one of Claims 12 to 32, characterized that the rotary chamber is rotatably mounted such that its prism axis or cylinder axis and its axis of rotation inclined upward. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotary chamber wall has channels that are separated from one another Heat transfer fluid flow through are. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it is begasbar. Reactor according to claim 37, characterized in that that it can be gassed in direct current to the product conveying direction. Reactor according to claim 37, characterized in that that it can be gassed in countercurrent to the product conveying direction. Reactor according to one of Claims 37 to 39, characterized that he along the bulk material conveying direction meandering gas is. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spaced from the inlet in the axial direction, a baffle plate ( 72 . 73 . 74 ) which extends over the entire radial extent of the inlet. Reactor according to one of claims 12 to 41, characterized in that arranged between two adjacent prism-shaped or cylindrical rotary chambers arranged polygonal or circular partitions ( 12 . 13 , ..., 17 ) in a radially outer and extending over a part along the circumferential direction of the respective separation chamber partition wall area reticulated or latticed or as a perforated plate ( 12b . 13b , ..., 17b ) are formed, and that the opening ( 12a . 13a , ..., 17a ) of the respective separation chamber a closure element ( 60 ), whose release and closing movement is coupled to the rotation of the rotary chambers such that it releases the opening when the net-like or lattice-like partition wall portion of the respective partition is in the highest rotational position and when the bulk material lifting element located in the dispensing position, and that it blocks the opening, as long as the net-like or lattice-like partition wall portion of the respective partition is in a low-lying rotational position and the bulk material is applied to the net-like or lattice-like partition wall area. Reactor according to claim 42, characterized in that in the net-like or latticed region or the perforated plate region ( 12b . 13b , ..., 17b ) of the partition ( 12 . 13 , ..., 17 ) The smallest hole size, ie mesh size, lattice spacing or smallest hole diameter, less than 2mm and preferably less than 1 mm. Reactor according to claim 42, characterized in that in the net-like or latticed region or the perforated plate region ( 12b . 13b , ..., 17b ) of the partition ( 12 . 13 , ..., 17 ) is the smallest hole size, ie mesh size, bar spacing or smallest hole diameter, smaller than 0.2mm and preferably less than 0.1 mm. Reactor according to one of Claims 42 to 44, characterized that the net-like or grid-like area or the perforated sheet metal area the partition wall a radially outer portion of the polygonal or circular Partition is between 1/10 and 1/3 of the wall surface of the Partition wall represents. Reactor according to one of claims 42 to 44, characterized in that the net-like or grid-like region or the perforated plate region of the dividing wall is a region between a secant and a part of the circumferential line along the partition wall plane. Reactor according to claim 46, characterized in that that the length the secant between 1/3 and 2/3 of the length of the polygon or circle diameter is. Reactor according to one of claims 42 to 47, characterized in that the closure element mounted in the partition sliding slide or rotary valve ( 60 ) is, during the rotational movement of the rotating chamber by gravity in a position releasing the opening slides or pivoted before the net-like or lattice-like partition wall portion of the respective partition is in the highest rotational position and before the bulk material lifting element located in the dispensing position, and which slides during the rotation of the rotating chamber by gravity in a position closing the opening or pivoted before the net or lattice-like partition wall portion of the respective partition is in the lowest rotational position and before the Bulk-lifting element is in the receiving position. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it has a beam source in front of the inlet and a Beam sensor behind the outlet or vice versa, between which a visual connection through the inlet and the outlet or through all the openings of the Reactor exists. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the drive unit is a torque-detecting device having. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it comprises an alpha-ray source and an alpha-ray sensor for Having radiation of the reactor interior. Reactor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that it has a touch sensor in its inner shell wall having. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that he next to the bulk material outlet one Having vacuum connection. Reactor according to one of Claims 3 to 53, characterized that he is next to the bulk material outlet the in product conveying direction last rotary chamber has a vacuum connection.