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DE102004013284B3 - Light source for radially polarized light e.g. for optical data storage or confocal microscopy, using strontium-barium-niobate crystal and collimation lens - Google Patents

Light source for radially polarized light e.g. for optical data storage or confocal microscopy, using strontium-barium-niobate crystal and collimation lens Download PDF

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DE102004013284B3
DE102004013284B3 DE200410013284 DE102004013284A DE102004013284B3 DE 102004013284 B3 DE102004013284 B3 DE 102004013284B3 DE 200410013284 DE200410013284 DE 200410013284 DE 102004013284 A DE102004013284 A DE 102004013284A DE 102004013284 B3 DE102004013284 B3 DE 102004013284B3
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light
light source
crystal
optical axis
strontium
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Klaus Betzler
Arthur R Tunyagi
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1372—Lenses
    • G11B7/1376—Collimator lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1365—Separate or integrated refractive elements, e.g. wave plates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
    • G11B7/135—Means for guiding the beam from the source to the record carrier or from the record carrier to the detector
    • G11B7/1381—Non-lens elements for altering the properties of the beam, e.g. knife edges, slits, filters or stops
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/07—Polarisation dependent

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The light source uses a strontium-barium-niobate crystal (2) combined with an optical collimation lens (4), the crystal spaced by the focal width infront of the collimation lens along the optical axis of the latter, so that the crystallographic c-axis of the crystal is parallel to the optical axis. The crystal is stimulated by a primary laser beam (1) directed along the optical axis for conical emission of frequency-doubled light (3), converted into a parallel radially polarized light beam (5) by the collimation lens, with blocking of the primary light beam via a light stop.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Lichtquellen für radial polarisiertes Licht nach den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 und 4.The The invention relates to light sources for radially polarized light according to the preambles of the claims 1 and 4.

Gut fokussierbare Lichtquellen werden in vielen Bereichen der optischen Technologien benötigt, so zum Beispiel bei der optischen Datenspeicherung (CDs, DVDs etc.) und bei der konfokalen Mikroskopie. Die minimal erreichbare Fokusfläche begrenzt die mögliche Speicherdichte bei den optischen Speichern sowie die mögliche Ortsauflösung bei der konfokalen Mikroskopie. Derzeit werden in fast allen Bereichen konventionelle Laser als Lichtquellen eingesetzt.Well Focusable light sources are used in many areas of the optical Technologies needed so for example with the optical data storage (CDs, DVDs etc.) and in confocal microscopy. The minimum achievable focus area limited the possible Storage density in the optical storage and the possible spatial resolution at confocal microscopy. Currently, in almost all areas conventional lasers used as light sources.

Es ist bekannt, dass sich radial polarisiertes Licht besser fokussieren lässt als konventionelles Laserlicht, d. h. dass damit eine deutlich kleinere Fokusfläche erzielbar ist (S. Quabis, R. Dorn, M. Eberler, O. Glöckl, G. Leuchs: 'Focusing light to a tighter spot', Optics Communications 179, p. 1–7 (2000); R. Dorn, S. Quabis, G. Leuchs: 'Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam', Physical Review Letters 91, 233901 (2003); 'Radially polarized beam focuses to smallest spot', Laser Focus World, January 2004, p. 11). Lichtquellen für näherungsweise radial polarisiertes Licht mit den in den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1 und 4 jeweils angegebenen Merkmalen sind aus der oben an zweiter Stelle genannten Druckschrift bereits bekannt.It It is known that radially polarized light focus better leaves as conventional laser light, d. H. that means a much smaller one focus area is achievable (S. Quabis, R. Dorn, M. Eberler, O. Glöckl, G. Leuchs: 'Focusing light to a tighter spot ', Optics Communications 179, p. 1-7 (2000); R. Dorn, S. Quabis, G. Leuchs: Sharper focus for a polarized polar light beam ', Physical Review Letters 91, 233901 (2003); 'Radially polarized beam spot ', Laser Focus World, January 2004, p. 11). Light sources for approximately radially polarized Light with those specified in the preambles of claims 1 and 4 respectively Features are from the above second mentioned document already known.

Es ist ferner bekannt, dass Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristalle zur nichtkollinearen optischen Frequenzverdopplung angeregt werden können, dadurch, dass Laserlicht parallel zur kristallographischen c-Achse eingestrahlt wird (Arthur R. Tunyagi, Michael Ulex, Klaus Betzler: 'Noncollinear optical frequency doubling in strontium barium niobate', Physical Review Letters 90, 243901 (2003)). Das frequenzverdoppelte Licht wird dabei entlang einer Konusfläche emittiert, deren Symmetrieachse parallel zur kristallographischen c-Achse liegt. Die Lichtpolarisation steht überall senkrecht zu dieser Konusfläche.It It is further known that strontium barium niobate crystals are non-collinear optical frequency doubling can be excited by the fact that laser light irradiated parallel to the crystallographic c-axis (Arthur R. Tunyagi, Michael Ulex, Klaus Betzler: Noncollinear optical frequency doubling in strontium barium niobate ', Physical Review Letters 90, 243901 (2003)). The frequency doubled Light is emitted along a conical surface, whose axis of symmetry parallel to the crystallographic c-axis. The polarization of light is everywhere perpendicular to this cone surface.

Radial polarisiertes Licht ist ein Spezialfall so genannter zylindrischer Lichtpolarisation. Es ist bekannt, dass durch eine Kombination von zwei geeignet gegeneinander verdrehten λ/2-Verzögerungsplatten aus radial polarisiertem Licht jeder andere zylindrische Polarisationszustand erzeugt werden kann (Qiwen Zhan, James R. Leger: 'Focus shaping using cylindrical vector beams', Optics Express 10, 324 (2002)). Radial Polarized light is a special case of so-called cylindrical Light polarization. It is known that through a combination of two suitably rotated against each other λ / 2 retardation plates of radially polarized Light any other cylindrical polarization state can be generated (Qiwen Zhan, James R. Leger: 'Focus shaping using cylindrical vector beams', Optics Express 10, 324 (2002)).

Der im Patentanspruch 1 und im Patentanspruch 4 jeweils angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, eine Lichtquelle für radial polarisiertes Licht zu realisieren, die in solchen Bereichen der optischen Technologien verwendet werden kann, in denen optimal fokussierbares Licht benötigt wird.Of the in claim 1 and in claim 4 respectively Invention is based on the problem, a light source for radial to realize polarized light in such areas of the optical technologies can be used in which optimally focusable Light needed becomes.

Dieses Problem wird durch die im Patentanspruch 1 bzw. im Patentanspruch 4 aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This Problem is solved by the in claim 1 or in the claim 4 listed features solved.

Der mit der Erfindung erzielte Vorteil besteht insbesondere darin, dass bei der Fokussierung des Lichts dieser Lichtquelle kleinere Fokusflächen als bei konventionellem Laserlicht erzielt werden. Dadurch wird bei optischen Speichern eine größere Speicherdichte möglich, bei der konfokalen Mikroskopie wird die Ortsauflösung verbessert.Of the obtained with the invention advantage is in particular that when focusing the light of this light source smaller focus areas than at Conventional laser light can be achieved. This is at optical Save a larger storage density possible, in confocal microscopy the spatial resolution is improved.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 2 angegeben. Die Erweiterung durch eine Fokussierungsoptik ermöglicht die Verwendung als kompakte fokussierte Lichtquelle.A advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim 2 specified. The extension by a focusing optics allows the use as a compact focused light source.

Eine zusätzliche vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Patentanspruch 3 angegeben. Die Erweiterung durch zwei gegeneinander verdrehbare λ/2-Verzögerungsplatten ermöglicht es, nicht nur radial polarisiertes Licht sondern Licht jeglicher zylindrischer Polarisation – insbesondere auch rein azimutaler Polarisation – zu erzeugen.A additional advantageous embodiment of the invention is in claim 3 specified. The extension by two mutually rotatable λ / 2-delay plates allows it, not only radially polarized light but light of any cylindrical Polarization - in particular also purely azimuthal polarization - to produce.

Durch einen geeigneten linsenförmigen Schliff des Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristalls gemäß Anspruch 4 kann dieser zusätzlich auch die Funktion der Kollimator-Optik übernehmen. Dadurch wird eine extrem kompakte Bauform der Lichtquelle für radial polarisiertes Licht realisiert.By a suitable lenticular cut of the strontium-barium-niobate crystal according to claim 4 this can be additional also take over the function of the collimator optics. This will be an extreme Compact design of the light source for radially polarized light realized.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im Folgenden näher beschrieben.embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in Following closer described.

1 zeigt eine Ausführung nach Patentanspruch 1. Die eigentliche Lichtquelle besteht aus dem Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristall (2) und der Kollimator-Optik (4) mit scheibchenförmiger Blende. Die Kollimator-Optik kann als Einzellinse oder als Linsenkombination ausgeführt sein. Durch einen primären Laserstrahl (1) wird im Kristall (2) ein Konus frequenzverdoppelten Lichts (3) erzeugt. Als Laser für diese Anwendung eignen sich Titan-Saphir-, Neodym-YAG- oder Neodym-Glass- sowie Halbleiter-Laser. Der Kollimator (4) transformiert den Strahlkonus in einen Parallelstrahl mit radialer, rein zylindrischer Polarisation (5). Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass der Abstand zwischen Kollimator-Hauptebene und Kristall gleich der Kollimator-Brennweite ist. Der primäre Laserstrahl wird aus dem weiteren Strahlengang durch die Blende am Kollimator ausgeblendet. Eine Mattscheibe (6) dient zur Veranschaulichung der radialen Polarisation und ist nicht Teil der Erfindung. 1 shows an embodiment according to claim 1. The actual light source consists of the strontium-barium-niobate crystal ( 2 ) and the collimator optics ( 4 ) with disc-shaped aperture. The collimator optics can be embodied as a single lens or as a lens combination. By a primary laser beam ( 1 ) is in the crystal ( 2 ) a cone of frequency doubled light ( 3 ) generated. Suitable lasers for this application are titanium-sapphire, neodymium-YAG or neodymium-glass and semiconductor lasers. The collimator ( 4 ) transforms the beam cone into a parallel beam with radial, purely cylindrical polarization ( 5 ). This is achieved by the fact that the Distance between main collimator plane and crystal is equal to the collimator focal length. The primary laser beam is faded out of the further beam path through the aperture on the collimator. A screen ( 6 ) serves to illustrate the radial polarization and is not part of the invention.

2 zeigt eine Ausführung nach Patentanspruch 2. Die Lichtquelle (1–5 wie vorstehend) ist durch eine Fokussierungsoptik (7) erweitert, die den zylindrischen Strahl auf einen optimalen Fokuspunkt (8) fokussiert. Die Fokussierungsoptik kann als Einzellinse oder als Linsenkombination ausgeführt sein. 2 shows an embodiment according to claim 2. The light source ( 1 - 5 as above) is characterized by a focusing optics ( 7 ), which directs the cylindrical beam to an optimal focal point ( 8th ) focused. The focusing optics can be embodied as a single lens or as a lens combination.

3 zeigt eine Ausführung nach Patentanspruch 3. Die Lichtquelle (1–5 wie vorstehend) ist durch zwei gegeneinander verdrehbare λ/2-Verzögerungsplatten (9 und 10) erweitert, die es ermöglichen, eine beliebige zylindrische Polarisation einzustellen. Die Mattscheibe (6) dient wiederum zur Veranschaulichung der eingestellten zylindrischen Polarisation und ist nicht Teil der Erfindung. 3 shows an embodiment according to claim 3. The light source ( 1 - 5 as above) is characterized by two mutually rotatable λ / 2-delay plates ( 9 and 10 ), which make it possible to set any cylindrical polarization. The screen ( 6 ) again serves to illustrate the set cylindrical polarization and is not part of the invention.

Claims (4)

Lichtquelle für radial polarisiertes Licht insbesondere zur Anwendung in der optischen Datenspeichertechnik und in der konfokalen Mikroskopie, dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass ein Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristall mit einer Kollimator-Optik kombiniert ist und der Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristall dabei im Brennweitenabstand vor der Kollimator-Optik in der optischen Achse der Kollimator-Optik angeordnet ist, b) dass der Kristall mit seiner kristallographischen c-Achse parallel zur optischen Achse orientiert ist, c) dass der Kristall durch in der optischen Achse eingestrahltes Laserlicht zur konischen Emission von frequenzverdoppeltem Licht anregbar ist, d) dass diese konische Emission durch die Kollimator-Optik in paralleles, radial polarisiertes Licht tranformierbar ist und e) dass das primäre Laserlicht durch eine Blende ausgeblendet ist.Light source for radially polarized light, in particular for use in optical data storage technology and in confocal microscopy, characterized in that a) that a strontium barium niobate crystal is combined with a collimator optics and the strontium barium niobate crystal in the Focal distance is arranged in front of the collimator optics in the optical axis of the collimator optics, b) that the crystal is oriented with its crystallographic c-axis parallel to the optical axis, c) that the crystal by incident on the optical axis laser light for conical emission is excitable by frequency-doubled light, d) that this conical emission can be transformed by the collimator optics into parallel, radially polarized light, and e) that the primary laser light is masked out by a diaphragm. Lichtquelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der optischen Achse zusätzliche eine Fokussierungsoptik angeordnet ist, die das parallele, radial Polarisierte Licht auf den für solches Licht kleinst möglichen Fokusdurchmesser fokussiert.Light source according to claim 1, characterized that in the optical axis additional one Focusing optics is arranged, which is the parallel, radially polarized Light on the for such light smallest possible Focus diameter focused. Lichtquelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der optischen Achse zusätzlich zwei gegeneinander verdrehbare λ/2-Verzögerungsplatten angeordnet sind, die es ermöglichen, die radiale Polarisation in jede andere zylindrische Polarisation zu transformieren.Light source according to claim 1, characterized that in the optical axis in addition two mutually rotatable λ / 2-delay plates are arranged, which make it possible the radial polarization in any other cylindrical polarization transform. Lichtquelle nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, a) dass der Strontium-Barium-Niobat-Kristall durch linsenförmigen Schliff die Funktion einer Kollimator-Optik übernimmt und dass die Lichtquelle zusätzlich die im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale b) bis e) aufweist.Light source according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized, a) that the strontium-barium-niobate crystal through lenticular Polished the function of a collimator optics takes over and that the Light source in addition having the features specified in claim 1 b) to e).
DE200410013284 2004-03-18 2004-03-18 Light source for radially polarized light e.g. for optical data storage or confocal microscopy, using strontium-barium-niobate crystal and collimation lens Expired - Fee Related DE102004013284B3 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105024264A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-11-04 上海理工大学 Vector light field output laser
CN105024271A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-11-04 上海理工大学 Optical pumping vector light beam solid laser
CN108983428A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-11 华中科技大学 A kind of method and device reducing laser focused spot size

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 91, Nr. 23 (2003), S.233901-1 bis 233901-4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105024264A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-11-04 上海理工大学 Vector light field output laser
CN105024271A (en) * 2015-07-07 2015-11-04 上海理工大学 Optical pumping vector light beam solid laser
CN108983428A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-11 华中科技大学 A kind of method and device reducing laser focused spot size

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