DE1019067B - Collective heating or cooling system with air as a heat or cold carrier - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The invention relates to a collective heating or cooling system with air as the heat or cold carrier, wherein compressed air is blown through heat exchangers arranged in the rooms to be influenced is that as a result, like a jet pump, room air is sucked into the heat exchanger, in this with the relaxing compressed air is mixed and led into the room.

In such a known system, the air sucked in from the room is passed through a finned tube heat exchanger, which is usually designed, before it mixes with the compressed air. These heat exchangers get dirty easily and are difficult to clean, so that there is poor utilization of the heat exchange surfaces; further claim they take up a lot of space and are expensive to manufacture.

Another similar system has radiators heated by hot water or steam in a box housed, which are blown with compressed air, the several arranged side by side Rows of slot-shaped nozzles flow out and suck in room air like a jet pump. Compressed air and room air sweep along the said radiators and then get into the one to be heated Space. These devices generate a limited room scent circulation and are therefore insufficient for sizes that are portable Power.

In such a system, the heat exchangers are one in relation to the expended Weight and volume of the heat exchanger achieved unexpectedly high heating or cooling performance. Also can in this device, the temperature difference between the air passed through and the den Heat exchangers acting on the heating or cooling medium are kept lower than according to previous Experience was to be expected.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, there is the one mentioned above in a collective heating or cooling system Type of heat exchanger made up of several approximately vertical, side by side, laterally at least approximately closed ducts with air inlet and outlet openings at the top and bottom, whose diameter does not exceed 60 mm and whose length is at least five times this diameter amounts to. Furthermore, at least one compressed air nozzle is arranged for each of these channels, and the The sum of the nozzle cross-sections of a heat exchanger is less than a fifth of the sum of the Duct cross-sections.

The cross-sectional shape of the air ducts of the heat exchanger can be chosen as desired. It can be circular, square, oval or similar for collective heating or cooling systems
with air as a heating or cooling medium

Applicant:
Luwa A.-G., Zurich (Switzerland)

Representative: Dr.-Ing. E. Hoffmann, patent attorney,
Munich 22, Widenmayerstr. 3Ί

Claimed priority:
Switzerland from February 23, 1953

men are used. Correct matching of these ratios results in the mixing of compressed air and room air takes place essentially within the individual channels. the the particularly strong vortex formation that occurs causes a much higher heat exchange between Duct walls and the air passing through than would be expected with normal air flow were. Furthermore, the total amount of air to be circulated can despite large proportions of mixed room air restricted to an acceptable level and adjusted so that the given amounts of heat can be added or removed without any signs of draft. The room to be influenced can here at the same time an amount of fresh air corresponding to the needs can be supplied.

In most cases it is advantageous to have a single compressed air outlet opening for each channel provide, whereby this is advantageous in the focus of the cross-sectional area of the associated air duct.

4-5 is arranged. In order to achieve perfect circulation of the compressed air and the room air, it is advantageous to when the compressed air outlet opening is arranged approximately at the level of the duct inlet opening. If the compressed air outlet opening is far outside the duct inlet, the room air is entrained and impairs proper control of the air mixture in the duct. It is also advisable to to make the channels smooth and without transverse ribs in order to facilitate cleaning and flow

70S 753/30

not to put any resistance in the way of the largest possible amount of air. To the noise in certain To keep limits, the compressed air is advantageous with a smaller overpressure than 200 mm WS fed. The noise is attenuated by the special design of the Channels of the heat exchanger reached.

Some exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawings. It shows Fig. 1 is a diagram of a collective heating or cooling system with compressed air and water or heat Coolant,

2 shows a view of a window parapet with a heat exchanger, partly in section,

3 shows a vertical cross section through a window sill with a heat exchanger.

4 shows a heat exchanger in a view according to a first type,

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the first type. 6 shows a horizontal section through a LuiV channel pair of the heat exchanger according to Fig. 4 in an enlarged view,

7 shows a second type of heat exchanger in view,

FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the second type, FIG. 9 shows a horizontal section through a pair of air ducts of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 7 in an enlarged view.

Fig. 10 is a vertical section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 8,

FIG. 11 shows a vertical section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 5.

12 shows a horizontal section through a further type of heat exchanger,

13 shows a partial vertical cross section through an air duct of a heat exchanger of a further design,

14 shows a vertical cross section through a heat exchanger with an electric filter arranged therein, 15 shows a horizontal section through a heat exchanger of a different type.

By the inventive idea to form elongated channels, compressed air into these channels, which accordingly is prepared and may only consist of fresh air, to introduce and through this small amount of air supplied to generate the circulation of large amounts of air in the room to be influenced, This also results in the economically favorable form of heat influencing a room. By creating elongated channels with a relatively small cross-sectional area between the blown compressed air and the room air creates a vortex flow, so that between the Air mixture and the duct walls an extremely favorable heat transfer is generated, which is well over that goes beyond what goes with eddy-free or eddy-poor flow under the same conditions of Case would be. This fact explains itself by it Numerous attempts have proven extremely favorable performance that the inventive; Heat exchanger bring. The tests have also shown that both for heating and cooling only small amounts of compressed air are required from large rooms, with de-; The ratio of compressed air to room air is another way of influencing the temperature of the room. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a collective heating or cooling system with compressed air and Water as a heating or cooling medium. The air flowing in through the grille 1 from the open air is in cleaned by a fine filter 2, sucked in by the fan 3 and pressed into the processing unit 4. Here the air is preheated or precooled, humidified or dehumidified and through small sized Air lines 8 are fed to the individual heat exchangers 19. This compressed air mixes with there the room air and exits the room, with an upwardly directed air curtain in front of the windows is formed. The ίο compressed air / room air mixture is heated or cooled by a Water circulation system. The water flowing in from the return line 9 of the control center is passed through the circulation pump 5 promoted. In the pipes 6, the water is heated according to the season, or cooled, first enters the distribution system 7 and then through the pipe network 10 to the heat exchangers 19.

In Fig. 2 a window parapet and a pillar are shown partially in section, so that the arrangement of the heat exchanger 19 and the line routing for both the compressed air and for the Water are recognizable.

Fig. 3 shows a vertical section through the window parapet with the heat exchanger Compressed air is supplied through the distribution channel 14 and flows out through the nozzles 13. The nozzles are arranged in such a way that they open into the channels 11 and 12 of the heat exchanger 19. When flowing out the compressed air from the nozzles 13 is entrained air from the room, which is to be influenced, so that compressed air and room air mixed leached the temperature-affected Walls of the channels 11 and 12 strokes and returned to the room at the upper exit end.

In the example of Fig. 4. 5 and 6 are on a coil 16 a. through which the heating or cooling water or another heating or cooling medium flows, channels 18 formed from profile bodies 17 are provided. The channels shown in FIG. 6 sit with a bore 20 on the tube 16 and form the channels 18 with their lugs 21 and 22. The temperature of the channels is influenced essentially by direct heat transfer from the tube 16. The advantage of this design consists in that the heat exchanger in a threader manner from preformed profile bodies. which are plugged onto the tubes 16 are built up. In this example, too, each channel is assigned a nozzle 13 which is located in the center of gravity of the cross-sectional area of the channel 18. The nozzles are placed on a distribution channel 14 which is connected to the compressed air line 15.

According to FIGS. 7 to 9, two rib bodies 23 and 24 are connected to one another. These two rib bodies form vertical bulges 25. in which the heating or cooling water flows. The bulges 25 are replaced by one in the upper part of the A primary exchanger provided extension 26 (Fig. 10) of the cavity enclosed by the rib body. which is connected to the inflow line 16 is fed. Due to their shape, the rib bodies form 23 and 24, together with metal sheets 29 connecting their outer edges, channels 30. These channels are closed on all sides, but open at the ends. The "hydraulic" diameter of each

of these channels, which is based on the formula --- -; - -

scope

calculated is smaller than 60 mm. There is one for every channel Associated nozzle 13, which is arranged approximately in the center of gravity of the 7c channel cross-sectional area.

The channels, as can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 8, are consistently smooth and have no projections whatsoever or constrictions that in some way affect the flow of compressed air and room air Might offer resistance. This largely eliminates contamination of the air ducts. In addition, the ducts with smooth inner walls are easy to clean.

In FIG. 10, the upper distribution channel 26 can be seen in the section along line VII-VII in FIG. 8. the Channels preferably have at least partially parallel, smooth inner walls. Any input or Bulges and other deviations in shape are fluidically designed so that the harmful influence on the air flow does not appear significantly. The purpose of this training is not to offer any significant resistance to the compressed air and room air flowing through it.

There are some fundamental differences between the types according to FIGS. 7 to 10 or 4 to 6 and 11. This is the means for influencing the wall temperature of the channels in the exemplary embodiment 7 to 10 slowly flow in laminar flow from the inlet to the outlet. the Flow channels are sized relatively large, so that a sufficient amount of heat or Coolant is available.

The situation in the exemplary embodiment is completely different according to Fig. 4 to 6 or 11, where the heat or cold carrier is only guided in a pipe so that a turbulent rapid flow arises here.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 7 to 10, the surface is on which the heat or cold carrier affects the channel wall, considerably larger than in the example of FIGS. 4 to 6 and 11, where on small area, the temperature of the duct wall is affected. These relationships are permissible, because, on the one hand, with laminar flow the heat transfer is significantly less than with the turbu-1 so that in both cases the actual heat influence on the channel is approximately the same. The choice of whether one or the other type of heat exchanger should be used is made in significantly influenced by whether the heating or cooling medium is an expensive special agent or only Water is, of course, in the case of this example according to FIGS. 4 to 6 or 11, the required filling quantities are significantly less than in the example according to FIGS. 7 to 10. There is also a difference between the two types in that the heat exchanger according to FIGS. 7 to 10 has a longer start-up time needed as a heat exchanger according to FIGS. 4 to 6 or 11. Of course, these two are Examples that can be used for very different conditions are only indicative. It numerous other application formulas can be found.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12, bodies 28 are lined up on a tube 16, which bodies touch one another and form channels 32. In this case, each channel 32 are two nozzles each provided 13 α and 13b, and moreover, the effective heat exchange surface of the channel wall ribs 33 are arranged to increase. These ribs run in the longitudinal direction and therefore do not significantly increase the volume resistance for the compressed air / room air mixture.

In Fig. 13 a heat exchanger is shown in which an inlet nozzle on the inlet side of the compressed air 34 is used, which is advantageously made of sound-absorbing material and the channel on a short piece of lining. At a distance from this and in front of the outlet opening 35 of the compressed air line 36 a second air inlet nozzle 37 is arranged. This results in a two-stage suction of the Room air and thus a strong air flow.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 14, it is indicated how that flowing through the channels 38, too treating air can be dedusted apart from the temperature treatment. A_n the carriers 39 are the Suspended spray electrodes 40 of an electrostatic precipitator running freely in the air ducts. The channel walls 41 serve as precipitation electrodes and are grounded through lines 42. To the heat transfer through Only certain, The parts of the duct which are furthest away from the heat or cold sources act as precipitation electrodes to serve. Instead, it is also possible to proceed in such a way that special precipitation electrodes are in the Air ducts to be hung. The compressed air is supplied through the pipe 43, the shape of which is designed so that the entry for the room air to be sucked into the ducts is facilitated.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 15 it is shown how the individual channels are not completely separated from one another can be trained separately. This type of construction may be necessary for manufacturing purposes, since the shaped bodies forming the channels are particularly simple, for example as cast bodies can be trained.

In addition to those described, the invention has other advantages. So once can the inevitable Noise from the nozzle is well absorbed by the numerous small-diameter channels lying next to one another will. One can also, as shown in Fig. 7, arrange the compressed air nozzles at different heights, with which a further sound absorption is achieved. Furthermore, the dimensions of a heat exchanger certain performance lower than with known similar systems of the same performance. With undisguised Heat exchangers is in addition to influencing the pressure and pressure passed through its channels Room air achieves direct heat radiation into the room.

The air ducts of the heat exchanger are also used for the passage of room air when the Compressed air fails. By heating the air in the ducts, a powerful convection current is created similar to the usual radiators, so that it is possible to use the heat exchanger also to be used as a means of heating rooms, if for any reason, be it Malfunction or lack of fuel, operation of the compressed air system must be stopped.

Claims (11)

Claims 1. Collective heating ^ - or cooling system with air as a heat or cold carrier, with compressed air is blown through arranged in the rooms to be influenced heat exchanger that As a result, room air is sucked into the heat exchanger like a jet pump, in which it is located relaxing compressed air is mixed and led into the room, characterized in that the heat exchanger consists of several approximately vertical, side by side, at least laterally approximately closed air inlet above and below and channels having outlet openings whose diameter does not exceed 60 mm and whose length is at least five times this Diameter is and that arranged in each of these channels at least one compressed air nozzle and the sum of the nozzle cross-sections of a heat exchanger is less than a fifth of the Sum of the duct cross-sections is. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that each channel (32) is assigned two compressed air outlet openings (13 o, 13 b) (Fig. 12). 3. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels (18) made of metal sheets (17) exist, which are pushed over the pipes (16) carrying the heat or refrigerant (Figures 4 to 6). 4. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger from side by side arranged finned tubes, the ribs are shaped so that they are laterally at least Form approximately closed channels that are open at the end faces. 5. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels are made of hohhvandigen lamellae exist, in the cavities (25) of the heat or cold medium flows (Fig. 9). 6. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air outlet openings the height of the channel inlet openings are arranged. 7. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air outlet openings within of the lower third of the channels are arranged. 8. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air outlet openings at most by half the diameter of the associated channel below its end opening are arranged (Fig. 13). 9. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the Kanahvände the heat exchanger surface have enlarging, smooth longitudinal ribs (33) (Fig. 12). 10. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that behind the compressed air outlet opening (35) two air inlet nozzles (37. 34) for generating a two-stage intake of room air are arranged one behind the other (Fig. 13). 11. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that that the compressed air outlet openings of adjacent channels are arranged at different heights are (Fig. 7). Considered publications:
German patent specifications No. 603 162, 618 292. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 7C9 759/30 10.57