DE10155387A1 - proportional valve - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve, more particularly a valve for controlling volume flows in heating and/or cooling systems (10) of a motor vehicle. Said valve comprises a housing (56, 120, 140) and a valve chamber (58, 129, 150), at least one inlet channel (84, 122, 144) and at least one outlet channel (86, 126, 144,) branching off from said chamber, in addition to at least one valve member (74, 130, 152) cooperating with at least one valve seat (91, 131, 158) of the valve chamber (58, 129, 150) and an actuator (64, 128, 154) driven by a control unit (38), which sets the at least one valve member (74, 130, 152) of the valve to a manipulated variable predetermined by the control unit. According to the invention, at least one volume flow passing through the valve (34, 36, 54, 119, 140) is proportional to the manipulated variable of the valve member (74, 130, 152). The invention also relates to a cooling and heating circuit (10) of a motor vehicle using at least one of said valves (34, 36, 54, 119, 140).

Description

State of the art

The invention is based on a valve or a cooling and heating circuit with such a valve Control of volume flows in a motor vehicle according to the General terms of the independent claims.

To the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle in front of the Protect overheating and waste heat from the engine use for heating the passenger compartment if necessary can, is in the cooling system, that is in the cooling and The vehicle's heating circuit has a coolant pumped around it absorb the excess heat from the engine and can dissipate desired dimensions. The heating respectively Cooling circuit of a motor vehicle generally includes different, connected sub-branches, such as for example a cooler branch, a bypass branch or also a heating heat exchanger branch. So can for example via a cooler in the cooler branch Excess amount of heat from the coolant to the environment be given or in a heating heat exchanger be used for further use. The distribution of the Coolant flow to the various branches of the coolant and Heating circuit of a motor vehicle is various Valves controlled. For example, the one you want Coolant temperature, for example, by mixing one cooled and an uncooled coolant flow set become.

For needs-based regulation, that is, for achieving an optimized distribution of the coolant flows in the Cooling circuit are part of a thermal management for the motor vehicle controllable valves for some time proposed that the previous ones, usually used Thermostat valves should replace in the future.

DE 35 16 502 A1 describes a temperature control device known for the coolant of internal combustion engines, which in the flow line or the bypass line one Cooling circuit has a coolant control valve, which depending on, for example, the coolant temperature, can be actuated by means of a servomotor. The servomotor consists of an electric actuator, the output-side actuator with a Valve closure member of the coolant control valve connected is. A control element is assigned to the valve individual, detected by sensors of the internal combustion engine Map sizes, especially the coolant temperature as well the outside temperature can be supplied.

DE 41 09 498 A1 describes a control device proposed the temperature of an internal combustion engine with a cooling device and an influencing one Control device is provided. The control device depending on various operating parameters of the Internal combustion engine different temperature setpoints specified, which are stored as data in the control unit. There is also a so-called in the control unit Setpoint generator, which the control device as a function of different operating conditions of the motor vehicle different areas for example from Prescribes temperature setpoints.

Advantages of the invention

The valve of the invention with the features of independent claim 1 has the advantage that ideally the volume flow regulated by the valve is directly proportional to a manipulated variable of the valve. The The valve drive is dependent on a setpoint the opening of the valve so that the volume flow through the valve is proportional to the manipulated variable as linearly as possible. This behavior can be controlled by a suitable application that is possible with the valve according to the invention. The adjustment of the valve member or the Changing the opening cross-section of the valve is not essential vary proportionally with the control signal of the valve.

A cooling and / or heating circuit with such a valve according to the invention, which is an exact, needs-based Setting the coolant volume flows allows, too a reduced fuel consumption of the engine as well a reduced pollutant emissions and an improved Contribute to the life of the internal combustion engine. Particularly can be achieved through targeted thermal management of the cooling and heating circuit of a vehicle also the efficiency of the Improve the drive motor.

By those listed in the dependent claims Measures are advantageous training and Improvements to what is stated in the main claims Valve or the cooling and heating system with one such valve possible.

The can be advantageously Control characteristics through a linear characteristic between the released volume flow and its Control characteristic or a corresponding Store the map in the control unit of the valve so that precise control of the flow through the valve Coolant volume flows and thus a precise knowledge of Cooling performance of the cooling and / or heating circuit guaranteed is. The application of characteristics other than linear is but also possible to a limited extent.

The manipulated variable for the valve is advantageous from the operating parameters of the engine or derived from its environmental parameters. So can Temperature sensors the current engine temperature or Forward the coolant temperature to the control unit these values for example with theoretical models of Compares engine temperature. If a deviation of the actual Temperature determined from the target temperature, so calculated the control unit a new control value for the valve, the to adjust the actual temperature to the target temperature leads.

In addition to the pure temperature data, other data can also be Parameters of the internal combustion engine for the active Valve position can be used. So he can Temperature control also, for example, the detection of Pollutant emissions of the internal combustion engine are supplied, so the temperature also in one for the Pollutant emission favorable range is kept.

The valve according to the invention advantageously has a position detection for the position of the valve member on which the current valve position to the control unit of the valve reports. After reaching the of the Control unit predetermined valve position for optimization for example the engine temperature or the The control unit receives pollutant emissions through a path or position sensor a feedback of the desired Valve position so that the valve in an appropriate Embodiment, for example, when the target position is reached can be switched off. The valve holds it Self-locking valve member, for example via a gearbox in the approached position until the Valve cross-section detected by the control unit and is initiated.

The position detection can advantageously by magnetic method, for example using a Hall sensor on the valve train, by an inductive Process or also by an optical process, for example in the manner of a light barrier. Further, Methods known to those skilled in the art for position detection can also be used in the valve according to the invention come.

The valve actuator that drives the valve member leaves stand by an electric drive. This Drive in the form of a motor, especially one DC motor, allows the precise start of a desired position of the valve, so that a defined opening cross-section of the valve results. The electric motor can also be a stepper motor, for example be the exact and defined procedure of the Valve member allows in an advantageous manner.

A compact version of the valve according to the invention results when the valve is driven in the valve itself is integrated, i.e. a structural unit with the valve forms. To do this, it can be advantageous that a Gearbox that increases the positioning accuracy of the Valve between the valve member and its electrical Drive can be arranged in such a way in the valve is integrated that the coolant flows around it. The Transmission can also take on the task of Hold valve member in the approached position so that the valve can be operated without current for this time.

Such a gear designed as a wet-running gear does not need to be sealed separately, so that on seals subject to wear can be dispensed with.

In this embodiment there is therefore another Risk factor for the failure of the transmission and thus the Valve banned. The entire system, that is the valve and statically sealing the drive can, for example Housing are welded or according to conventional Technology a sealing ring can be used. That kind of seal is easy to control and is not subject to wear and tear Leaks in the system result.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention Valve results when the in the control unit Control unit stored characteristic curves for the valve free are programmable and therefore variable. this makes possible a high flexibility of the valve for different Applications. In particular, the control unit for the valve according to the invention can also be the engine control unit, since this a variety of operational and Environmental parameters are supplied. From these parameters can be concluded on an optimized engine temperature, to achieve the coolant temperature, for example by mixing two different temperature levels in can be adjusted accordingly. The control unit then determines from the desired coolant temperature the valve position required to achieve this Temperature and sends a corresponding manipulated variable to the Valve drive, which then adjusts the valve member.

Advantageously, with the invention Valve a cooling circuit with several degrees of freedom realize. In such a cooling circuit, a Corresponding control device both several according to the invention Activate valves, as well as one electrically control the controlled coolant pump and a cooling fan and thus optimize the function of the cooling circuit.

drawing

In the drawing, several embodiments of the Shown valve according to the invention, which in the following description will be explained in more detail. The Figures of the drawing, their description and the Claims contain numerous features in combination. On Those skilled in the art will also consider and consider these features individually summarize other useful combinations.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a cooling system for an engine with electrically-driven valves according to the invention in a simplified schematic representation,

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a valve according to the invention in a schematic representation in longitudinal section;

Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of a valve according to the invention in a perspective view.

Fig. 4 shows the second embodiment of a valve according to the invention shown in FIG. 3 in longitudinal section in a first valve position.

Fig. 5 shows the second embodiment of a valve according to the invention of FIG. 3 in longitudinal section in a second valve position.

Fig. 6 shows the second embodiment of a valve according to the invention of FIG. 3 in longitudinal section in a third valve position.

Fig. 7 shows a third embodiment of a valve according to the invention in an overview in perspective.

Fig. 8, the third embodiment of FIG. 7 in detail in a first valve position.

Fig. 9, the third embodiment of a valve according to the invention of Figure 8 Fig. 7 and Fig. In detail in a second valve position.

Fig. 10, the third embodiment of a valve according to the invention shown in FIG. 7, 8 and 9 in detail in a third valve position.

Description of the embodiments

In Fig. 1 is a simplified, schematic diagram showing a cooling and heating circuit 10 is shown for cooling a motor 12. The engine 12 has a coolant inlet 14 and a coolant outlet 16 , which is connected to a cooler 20 of the cooling circuit 10 via a return line 18 and a cooler inlet 19 . The radiator 20 is in turn connected to the coolant inlet 14 of the engine 12 via a radiator outlet 21 and a connecting line 28 . A coolant pump 30 is located in the connecting line 28 for circulating the coolant in the cooling circuit 10 of the internal combustion engine 12 .

Cooler 20 is assigned a cooling fan 22 , which consists of a fan 24 and a motor 26 driving it. A bypass line 32 is connected in parallel with the cooler 20 between the return line 18 and the connecting line 28 via a branch 33 . For the relative distribution of the coolant flow through the cooler 20 or the bypass line 32, there is a bypass valve 34 in the bypass line 32 , which is implemented in the cooling circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 as a two-way throttle valve. Similarly, there is a two-way cooler valve 36 in the return line 18 , between the bypass line 32 and the cooler 20 .

In alternative configurations of a cooling circuit for the internal combustion engine 12 , instead of the bypass valve 34 and the cooler valve 36 , a three-way mixing valve can also be provided as a control valve for the bypass line 32 and the return line 18 . The three-way mixing valve can then advantageously also directly take over the function of the branch 33 .

The valves in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 are controlled by a control unit, which is shown as control unit 38 in this exemplary embodiment. The control unit 38 can, for example, also be the engine control unit of the vehicle. In the following, the valve electronics are also to be counted as part of the control unit, so that, for example, a characteristic curve for the valve actuation stored in the control unit can also be stored in the valve electronics. In particular, these valves can be, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic or also electrically driven valves.

Current parameters of the cooling circuit or of the engine are supplied to the control unit 38 by various sensors, which are not shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity, which parameters are then compared with data stored in the control unit in order to derive corresponding manipulated variables for the active components of the cooling circuit to investigate. In addition to the parameters of the cooling circuit, such as, for example, the coolant temperature, the engine temperature, possibly determined at various points on the engine, is also transmitted to the control unit 38 . The fuel consumption and the pollutant emission of the internal combustion engine can also be transmitted to the control unit as further input signals for the control unit.

In this exemplary embodiment, the control device 38 also serves to control both the cooling fan 22 and the coolant pump 30 as required. Specifically, the control unit 38 calculates a manipulated variable for the actuators of the valves 34 and 36, respectively, in order to regulate the current actual engine temperature to the optimal target engine temperature. The actuators of the valves of the cooling and heating circuit 10 are activated in such a way that the volume flow regulated by the valves is as linearly proportional as possible to the manipulated variable for the respective actuator. In this way, the valve can be set exactly according to the specifications of the control unit, the coolant volume flow can be adapted very precisely to the specifications, for example a temperature model for the engine stored in the control unit.

In order to set the optimum engine temperature, the relative coolant volume flow through the cooler 20 or through the bypass line 32 is regulated with the aid of the controllable valves. For example, the cooler valve 36 can be completely closed in the starting phase of the engine 12 and the bypass valve 34 can be completely opened. In this way, the optimum working temperature of the engine 12 can be reached quickly, which is associated with a lower fuel consumption and with a lower pollutant emission of the engine. After the optimum engine temperature has been reached, the radiator valve 36 is opened and the bypass valve 34 is correspondingly partially closed, so that the excess thermal energy generated by the engine 12 can be released to the environment via the radiator 20 and the cooling fan 22 .

An additional heating branch 40 of the cooling and heating system 10 is present in the cooling circuit 10 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 parallel to the engine. In this heating branch 40 , part of the heated coolant emerging from the engine 12 is used in order to use the heat energy stored in the hot coolant for heating, for example of a vehicle interior, not shown, via a heating heat exchanger 42 . The need-based regulation of the heating function is indicated schematically in FIG. 1 only by a heating valve 44 . In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the heating valve 44 is actuated in the same way as the cooler valve 36 and the bypass valve 34 via the control unit 38 .

In FIG. 2, a first embodiment is shown of an inventive valve. The valve according to the invention has a drive 50 which can be controlled or regulated via a signal and supply line 52 by a control device 38 (not shown in FIG. 2).

The valve 54 according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 has a valve housing 56 with a valve chamber 58 and a gear housing 60 connected in one piece to the valve housing, to which in turn an electric motor 62 is attached. In the valve chamber 58 there is a shaft 64 , which in this exemplary embodiment is arranged eccentrically to the openings of the valve chamber 58 . The shaft 64 runs in two bearings 66 and 68 and is guided through the valve housing 56 into a gear chamber 70 of the gear housing 60 . Axially spaced on the shaft 64 of the valve 54 according to the invention are two valve members in the form of valve flaps 72 and 74, each having a valve sealing head 76 or 78 and a valve rod assembly 80 or 82.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the valve flaps 72 and 74 are each formed in one piece. An additional joint between the valve linkage and the associated valve sealing head is also possible.

The valve chamber 58 has an inlet channel 84 and two outlet channels 86 and 88 , of which only the inlet channel 84 with the associated valve opening 90 and valve seat 91 can be seen in FIG. 2. The first outlet duct 86 is controlled by the valve flap 74 and, like the second outlet duct 88, is located on the side of the shaft 64 of the valve housing 58 opposite the inlet duct 84 . The outlet channel 86 and the second outlet channel 88 each open into a valve opening 92 or 94 of the valve chamber 58, which is also not shown in FIG. 2. If the flow to the valve changes, two inlet channels 86 and 88 and a single outlet channel 84 could accordingly also result for the valve according to the invention.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment of the valve 54 according to the invention, the gear housing 60 is formed in one piece with the valve housing 56 . A gear 96 for the driving motor 62 is accommodated in the gear space 70 of the gear housing 60 . In the exemplary embodiment, the transmission 96 consists of three gear wheels 98 , 100 and 102 , which transmit the torque of the electric motor 62 to the shaft 64 of the valve 54 according to the invention. For this purpose, the gear 102 is fixedly connected to the drive shaft 104 of the electric motor 62 . Via the intermediate gear 100 , the torque of the electric motor 62 is transmitted to the gear 98 with a corresponding speed ratio, which in turn is fixedly mounted on the shaft 64 of the valve 54 .

Gearwheels other than that shown in FIG. 2 are also conceivable for driving the shaft 64 . In particular, a self-locking gear on the output side is to be used advantageously, since this gear allows a position of the valve elements that has been set once to be held automatically without external control.

In the exemplary embodiment of the valve according to the invention, the gear space 70 is not sealed off from the valve chamber 58 , so that the gear 96 works in the fluid to be regulated. A gap-containing disk 106 , which can be made of rubber or another material and through which the shaft 64 of the valve 54 is guided, keeps coarse dirt particles that can be in the cooling medium away from the wet-running gear 96 . If necessary, pressure equalization can also be achieved through a fine sieve or membrane.

The gear chamber 70 is closed by a housing cover 108 and an O-ring 110 which lies between the gear housing 60 and the housing cover 108 and statically seals the gear chamber 70 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the housing cover 108 of the gear housing 60 also carries the electric motor 62 , which drives the shaft 64 of the valve 54 . In the exemplary embodiment, the housing 112 of the electric motor 62 is formed in one piece on the housing cover 108 of the gear housing 60 . The valve mount 54 attachment methods to the transmission housing 60 or elsewhere, so that the drive 50 of the valve 54 according to the invention the valve is integrated - Alternatively, the motor housing 112 can also by screwing, riveting, gluing, or other - to those skilled in the art.

The electric motor 62 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is a brushless DC motor working in the cooling fluid. The rotor of the electric motor 62, which is not explicitly shown in FIG. 2, is therefore not sealed against the gear 96 and the cooling fluid located in the gear space 70 .

In Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of a valve according to the invention is shown in the overview. The valve 118 essentially consists of a valve housing 120 and a valve member arranged therein in the form of a throttle body. The valve housing has an inlet channel 122 , a first outlet channel 124 , which is connected to a bypass line according to bypass line 32 from FIG. 1, and a second outlet channel 126 , which connects the inlet channel 122 to a cooler 20 of the cooling and heating circuit 10, for example allows. A drive shaft 128 is guided out of the valve housing 120 and can drive the valve in the manner according to the invention via a drive.

FIG. 4 shows the exemplary embodiment of the valve according to the invention according to FIG. 3 in a cut-away representation, which enables the function of the valve to be described. At the confluence of the one inlet channel 122 with the two outlet channels 124 and 126, respectively, is the actual valve chamber 129 , in which a cylindrical throttle body 130 is adjustably arranged. To adjust the throttle body 130 , the shaft 128 connected to the throttle body is led out of the valve housing 120 and connected to a motor 134 via a gear 132 . The drive motor 134 of the valve is accommodated in a motor housing 136 , which also serves as a carrier element for the valve housing 120 . Also attached to the motor housing 136 are contacting means 138 , which can ensure transmission of the manipulated variable for the valve and energy supply to the valve. The valve and the drive motor thus form an integral unit.

FIG. 4 shows the valve according to the invention in a position in which the outlet channel 126 , which leads to the cooler 20 of the cooling and heating system 10 according to FIG. 1, is completely open.

The outlet channel 124 , which enables the branching of a coolant volume flow parallel to the cooler 20 through a bypass line 32 , is completely closed. In this position, the entire coolant volume flow would flow through the cooler, so that a maximum cooling of the coolant can be made possible.

Fig. 5 shows the valve according to the invention in the complementary position. The inlet duct 122 is connected to the bypass outlet duct 124 . The throttle body 130 of the valve is set so that the radiator outlet duct 126 is closed.

FIG. 6 shows the present embodiment of the valve according to the invention in a central position, which connects both the bypass outlet channel 124 and the cooler outlet channel 126 to the inlet channel. In this position of the valve according to the invention, a partial volume flow of the coolant flowing into the valve flows through the cooler 20 of the cooling circuit 10 and the second partial volume flow through the bypass line 32 .

Due to the special shape of the throttle element and the linear The characteristic of the valve is a very precise adjustment of the Coolant volume flows and thus the coolant temperature or the engine temperature possible.

In the event of a non-optimal operating temperature of the engine, the valve receives an actuating pulse in order to rotate the roller-shaped throttle body 130 in accordance with the manipulated variable determined by the control unit 38 in order to change the opening cross section of the valve. After reaching the adjustment specified by the control device 38 , the control device receives feedback from the valve about the current valve position by a displacement sensor of the valve, which can be attached, for example, to the drive shaft 128 . The gear keeps the throttle body self-locking in the approached position, so that the valve can then advantageously be switched off. After a response time from the temperature sensor, the operating temperature is queried again by the control unit, which can result in a renewed change in the opening cross-section of the valve. The optimum operating temperature can thus be set with a very short response time, for example by comparison with a temperature profile stored in the control unit.

FIGS. 7 to 10 show a further alternative embodiment of the valve according to the invention. FIG. 7 shows an overview of the valve 140 , which is designed as an inclined seat valve, whereas FIGS. 8 to 10 show a cut-open valve 140 in different valve positions. Compared to, for example, a thermostatic valve, which is still used in automobiles for temperature control, the angle seat valve also has the advantage that it has a much lower pressure loss in one direction of adjustment, which is associated with an advantageous reduction in the required pump output a coolant pump arranged in the cooling circuit.

The valve 140 has a valve housing 142 into which an inlet channel 144 leads and two outlet channels 146 and 148 lead out again. The outlet channel 146 can be connected to a bypass line, as shown in FIG. 1 by means of the bypass line 32 . The second outlet channel 148 connects the inlet channel 144 with a corresponding position of the valve to a cooler of the cooling circuit, as is shown, for example, as a cooler 20 in the heating and cooling system 10 of FIG. 1. A valve chamber 150 in the valve 140 according to the invention enables the coolant volume flow to be branched within the valve. Is arranged in the valve chamber 150, a valve member 152 which can be varied over a lifting rod 154 with respect to its position in the valve chamber 150th Valve seats 156 and 158 for the valve member 152 are each formed in one piece with the valve housing 142 and make it possible, optionally, to completely close one of the outlet channels 146 and 148, respectively.

The lifting rod 154 is guided out of the valve housing 142 by means of a sealant 160 and can be set by an external drive 162 . In particular, this drive 162 can be a stepper motor, which enables the valve member 152 to be positioned very precisely within the valve chamber 150 . The drive 162 is connected to a control unit 38 via a signal line 164 , which can also be used as a supply line. The control and regulation of the valve 140 according to the invention in accordance with the embodiment in FIGS. 7 to 10 takes place in the manner previously described in connection with the other embodiments and should therefore not be repeated here explicitly again.

Fig. 8 shows the valve 140 is fully open with radiator outlet channel 148 so that the entire volumetric flow of coolant can be passed through a cooler. The bypass outlet channel 146 is closed in this position of the valve 140 by the valve member 152 .

FIG. 9 shows a position of the valve 140 that is complementary to FIG. 8. The valve inlet 144 is connected to the bypass outlet channel 146 via the valve chamber 150 . The radiator outlet duct 148 is completely closed by the valve member 152 , which is seated on the valve seat 158 . The valve member 152 closes the valve chamber 150 such that the volume flow on the side of the valve member 152 facing the valve chamber 150 is deflected and its direction of flow changes.

FIG. 10 shows the valve according to the invention in the embodiment according to FIG. 7 in an intermediate position, which allows the coolant volume flow entering the valve 140 to be distributed over the two outlet channels 146 and 148, respectively. For this purpose, the valve member 152 takes a defined intermediate position in the valve chamber 150 , mediated by the lifting rod 154 in accordance with the specifications of the manipulated variable of the control device 38 . This intermediate position of the valve member 152 makes it possible, for example, to regulate the ratio of the coolant volume flows through the valve in accordance with a required engine inlet temperature of the coolant in order to achieve a defined, predetermined coolant temperature or operating temperature for the engine.

The valve according to the invention is not based on that in the figures described embodiments limited.

In particular, the valve according to the invention is not based on the Limited use of an electrical, external drive. It is also possible to use a hydraulic, pneumatic, or other type of drive for the Valve.

The valve according to the invention is not shown on the Embodiments of a three-way valve limited. It any valve configurations can be realized, from which here, as an example, is only a 2-way Throttle valve or a 4-way mixing valve should.

The valve of the invention is not for use as Bypass valve in a cooling or heating circuit Vehicle engine limited.

Claims (15)

1. Valve, in particular for controlling volume flows in the heating and / or cooling system ( 10 ) of a motor vehicle, with a valve housing ( 56 , 120 , 140 ) and a valve chamber ( 58 , 129 , 150 ), of which at least one inlet channel ( 84 , 122 , 144 ) and branch off at least one outlet channel ( 86 , 126 , 144 ,), and with at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) that with at least one valve seat ( 91 , 131 , 158 ) of the valve chamber ( 58 , 129 , 150 ) and an actuator ( 64 , 128 , 154 ) driven by a control unit ( 38 ), which sets the at least one valve element ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) of the valve according to a control variable specified by the control unit, characterized in that the volume flow through the valve is substantially proportional to the manipulated variable of the valve member. 2. Valve according to claim 1, characterized in that in the control unit ( 38 ) at least one characteristic curve for controlling the valve is stored, which makes it possible to control the at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) such that the volume flow through the Valve is proportional to the manipulated variable of the at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ). 3. Valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that means ( 38 , 39 ) are present which, in particular, the manipulated variable for the actuator ( 64 , 128 , 154 ) as a function of operating parameters and / or environmental parameters of the motor ( 12 ) determine the engine temperature and / or the coolant temperature at at least one characteristic point. 4. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said valve position detecting means (74, 130, 152) for the at least one valve member (74, 130, 152) having accessible, the current valve position of the control unit (38) makes. 5. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator ( 64 , 128 , 154 ) of the at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) has an electric drive ( 62 , 134 , 162 ). 6. Valve according to claim 5, characterized in that the electric drive ( 62 , 134 , 162 ) is integrated in the valve or is permanently connected to it. 7. Valve according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that between the at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) and the electric drive ( 62 , 134 , 162 ) of the valve, a gear ( 96 , 132 ), in particular a self-locking gear is available. 8. Valve according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmission ( 96 ) is washed by a volume flow of the coolant. 9. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit ( 38 ) is programmable for different valve characteristics. 10. Valve according to claim 9, characterized in that the control unit comprises a control unit ( 38 ), in particular an engine control unit. 11. Valve according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve is a plug valve ( 119 ), in particular a plug valve with a cylindrical or conical actuating body ( 130 ). 12. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the valve is an oblique seat valve ( 140 ). 13. Valve according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the valve is an eccentric valve ( 54 ). 14. Valve according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the valve chamber ( 58 , 129 , 150 ), the valve ( 54 , 119 , 140 ) has a second outlet or inlet channel ( 88 , 124 , 146 ) with an associated valve seat ( 131 , 156 ). 15. cooling and heating circuit ( 10 ) with at least one heat source ( 12 ), a cooler ( 20 ) and a bypass line ( 32 ), which connects a cooler inlet ( 19 ) with a cooler return ( 21 ) and at the at least one branch ( 33 ) at least one control valve ( 34 , 36 , 54 , 119 , 140 ) is arranged, the at least one valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) depending on operating parameters and / or environmental parameters can be controlled by at least one control unit ( 38 ) and the coolant flow between divides the cooler inlet ( 19 ) and the bypass line ( 32 ), characterized in that in the control unit ( 38 ) at least one characteristic curve for controlling the valve ( 34 , 36 , 54 , 119 , 140 ) is stored, which allows the valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ) to be controlled such that the volume flow through the valve ( 34 , 36 , 54 , 119 , 140 ) is proportional to the manipulated variable of the valve member ( 74 , 130 , 152 ).