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DE1013899B - Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices - Google Patents

Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices

Info

Publication number
DE1013899B
DE1013899B DEC9037A DEC0009037A DE1013899B DE 1013899 B DE1013899 B DE 1013899B DE C9037 A DEC9037 A DE C9037A DE C0009037 A DEC0009037 A DE C0009037A DE 1013899 B DE1013899 B DE 1013899B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
ultracentrifuges
quantitative
optical registration
electrophoresis devices
quantitative optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEC9037A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dr Rer Nat Peter Bartels
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MARTIN CHRIST MUTTERN SCHRAUBE
Original Assignee
MARTIN CHRIST MUTTERN SCHRAUBE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MARTIN CHRIST MUTTERN SCHRAUBE filed Critical MARTIN CHRIST MUTTERN SCHRAUBE
Priority to DEC9037A priority Critical patent/DE1013899B/en
Publication of DE1013899B publication Critical patent/DE1013899B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416Systems
    • G01N27/447Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44704Details; Accessories
    • G01N27/44717Arrangements for investigating the separated zones, e.g. localising zones
    • G01N27/44721Arrangements for investigating the separated zones, e.g. localising zones by optical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/04Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/042Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions by centrifuging and investigating centrifugates

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur quantitativen optischen Registrierung in Ultrazentrifugen und Elektrophoresegeräten Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur quantitativen optischen Registrierung in Ultrazentrifugen und Elektrophoresegeräten. Es ist Aufgabe einer Ultrazentrifuge oder eines Elektrophoresegerätes, die Teilchen einer in Lösung befindlichen Substanz durch die Einwirkung eines Schwere- bzw. elektrischen Feldes zu beschleunigen.Method for quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis equipment The invention relates to a method for quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices. It's a job an ultracentrifuge or an electrophoresis machine, the particles are in solution located substance by the action of a gravity or electric field to accelerate.

Die Beobachtung und Registrierung der Bewegungsvorgänge liefert unter anderem wertvolle Aufschlüsse über Molekulargewicht und Ladung der gelösten Teilchen, ferner können quantitative Beziehungen zwischen einzelnen Komponenten der gelösten Substanz aufgeklärt werden. Gerade bei der Untersuchung von Eiweißen beispielsweise stehen meist nur sehr verdünnte Lösungen zur Verfügung. Fast alle im Gebrauch befindlichen Verfahren benutzen die Differenz des Brechungsindex der gelösten Substanz gegenüber dem Brechungsindex des Lösungsmittels, um eine Konzentrationsbestimmung durchzuführen. Diese Brechungsindexdifferenzen werden auf die verschiedenste Art und Weise sichtbar gemacht. The observation and registration of the movement processes provides under other valuable information about the molecular weight and charge of the dissolved particles, Furthermore, there can be quantitative relationships between individual components of the solved Substance to be clarified. Especially when examining proteins, for example usually only very dilute solutions are available. Almost all of them in use Methods use the difference in the index of refraction compared to the solute the refractive index of the solvent in order to determine the concentration. These refractive index differences become visible in a wide variety of ways made.

Da sich nun der Brechungsindex der Eiweiße nur wenig von dem der üblichen Lösungsmittel unterscheidet und außerdem meist nur sehr verdünnte Lösungen zur Verfügung stehen, werden relativ große Lösungsschichtdicken erforderlich, um den Nachweis empfindlich genug zu gestalten. Dies erfordert wiederum eine relativ große Menge Lösung zur Füllung der Meßküvetten, welche sehr oft gerade bei der Untersuchung von Eiweißen nicht zur Verfügung steht. Außerdem sind diese Verfahren an die Verwendung sehr langhrennweitiger Linsen gebunden, welche einen großen Raumbedarf der ganzen Anlage hedingen. Since the refractive index of the proteins differs only slightly from that of the common solvents and mostly only very dilute solutions are available, relatively large solution layer thicknesses are required to make the detection sensitive enough. Again, this requires a relative Large amount of solution to fill the measuring cuvettes, which is very often used during the examination of proteins is not available. Also, these procedures are in need of use very long-term lenses tied, which take up a lot of space all over Hedingen the plant.

Die Erfindung nutzt das in der Mikroskopie bereit wohlbekannte Phasenkontrastverfahren zur quantitativen Konzentrationsmessung in Ultrazentrifugen und Elektrophoresegeräten aus. In diesen Geräten wird die anfänglich homogene Verteilung der gelösten Substanz in der Meßküvette durch die Einwirkung eines Kraftfeldes geändert, so daß es nach Ende des Trennvorganges in der Meßküvette Stellen gibt, an denen die Konzentration der gelösten Teilchen gegenüber der Ausgangskonzentration erhöht bzw. erniedrigt ist. An diesen Stellen hat das Meßlicht verschiedene optische Weglängen zu durchlaufen, das Objekt weist also eine diesen optischen Weglängendifferenzen entsprechende Struktur auf. Letztere ist dem unbewaffneten Auge nicht sichtbar, sie wird nach dem Phasenkontrastverfahren nach Zernike in der Weise sichtbar gemacht, daß sie als Hell-Dunkel-Struktur wahrnehmbar wird. Weicht der Brechungsindex der gelösten Substanz von dem des Lösungsmittels ab, so ist der optische Weg durch eine bestimmte Stelle der Meß- küvette proportional der Konzentration gelöster Teilchen an dieser Stelle, und da mit zunehmender Länge des optischen Weges eine zunehmende Phasenverschiebung des Meßlichtes erfolgt, so ist die beobachtete Phasenverschiebung ein direktes Maß für die an jedem Ort befindliche Menge phasenverschiebender Substanz. The invention uses the phase contrast method which is already well known in microscopy for quantitative concentration measurement in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices the end. In these devices, the initially homogeneous distribution of the dissolved substance changed in the measuring cell by the action of a force field, so that it after At the end of the separation process there are places in the measuring cuvette where the concentration of the dissolved particles increased or decreased compared to the initial concentration is. At these points the measuring light has to pass through different optical path lengths, the object thus has a structure corresponding to these optical path length differences on. The latter is not visible to the naked eye, it is made using the phase contrast method made visible according to Zernike in such a way that they can be perceived as a light-dark structure will. If the refractive index of the solute differs from that of the solvent from, then the optical path through a certain point of the measuring cuvette proportional the concentration of dissolved particles at this point, and there with increasing length of the optical path an increasing phase shift of the measuring light takes place, see above the observed phase shift is a direct measure of that at each location Amount of phase-shifting substance.

Für geringe Phasenverschiehungen im Objekt von 0 bis 9()0 läßt sich stets eine eindeutige Kontrastfunktion definieren. Es ist daher möglich, durch eine Intensitätsmessung in der Hell-Dunkel-Struktur des durch die Phasenkontrastoptik entworfenen Bildes eine quantitative Konzentrationsbestimmung vorzunehmen. Zu dieser Messung findet zweckmäßig ein Strahlungsempfänger hoher Unterschi eds empfindl ichi keit Verwendung. Photoelektrische oder photographische Kontrastmessungen finden heute in Wissen schaft und Technik allgemeinste Anwendung.For small phase shifts in the object from 0 to 9 () 0 can be always define a clear contrast function. It is therefore possible through a Intensity measurement in the light-dark structure of the through the phase contrast optics to make a quantitative concentration determination of the designed image. To this It is advisable to use a radiation receiver that is sensitive to high differences in the measurement use. Find photoelectric or photographic contrast measurements Most general application today in science and technology.

Die Erfindung erreicht, daß noch außerordentlich stark verdünnte Lösungen quantitativ untersucht werden können. Sie erlaubt ferner die Verwendung sehr kleiner Lösungsschichtdicken, so daß nur sehr geringe Lösungsmengen für eine Untersuchung erforderlich sind. Langwierige und kostspielige Anreicherungsverfahren entfallen. Der Strahlengang der Optik wird nicht wesentlich länger als in jedem gewöhnlichen Mikroskop. The invention achieves that still extremely dilute Solutions can be examined quantitatively. It also allows use very small solution layer thicknesses, so that only very small amounts of solution for a Investigation are required. Lengthy and costly enrichment procedures omitted. The beam path of the optics is not much longer than in any ordinary microscope.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur quantitativen optischen Registrierung für Ultrazentrifugen und Elektrophoresegeräte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Konzen- trationsbestimmung das Phasenkontrastverfahren, verbunden mit einer an sich ebenfalls bekannten quantitativen photoelektrischen oder photographischen Kontrastmessung, zur Anwendung kommt In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: R. Sewig: »Objektive Photometrie«, Springer, Berlin 1935, S. 145ff. PATENT CLAIM: Method for quantitative optical registration for ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices, characterized in that for concentration determination of tration the phase contrast method, combined with a quantitative one, which is also known per se photoelectric or photographic contrast measurement, In is used Publications considered: R. Sewig: "Objective Photometry", Springer, Berlin 1935, pp. 145ff.
DEC9037A 1954-03-13 1954-03-13 Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices Pending DE1013899B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEC9037A DE1013899B (en) 1954-03-13 1954-03-13 Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEC9037A DE1013899B (en) 1954-03-13 1954-03-13 Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1013899B true DE1013899B (en) 1957-08-14

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DEC9037A Pending DE1013899B (en) 1954-03-13 1954-03-13 Method for the quantitative optical registration in ultracentrifuges and electrophoresis devices

Country Status (1)

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DE (1) DE1013899B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008132227A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 L.U.M. Gmbh Determining particle properties by means of superimposed fields

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008132227A1 (en) * 2007-04-30 2008-11-06 L.U.M. Gmbh Determining particle properties by means of superimposed fields
US8370081B2 (en) 2007-04-30 2013-02-05 L.U.M. Gmbh Determining particle properties by means of superimposed fields

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