DE10117421B4 - Process and plant for the treatment of extraction meal from sunflower seed for animal nutrition - Google Patents

Abstract

method for the preparation of extraction meal from sunflower seed of conventional sunflowers for the animal nutrition, wherein the extraction meal consists of trays, core parts and trays with adherent core parts by sieving into two fractions with different levels of crude proteins and crude fibers separated is, wherein the crude protein richer fraction for monogastric and the remaining of crude protein poorer but richer in raw fiber Fraction for Ruminants suitable is, characterized in that the Particles of the extraction meal are comminuted, with material clumping be shredded from extraction meal adhering to the shell Replaced core parts and the shells are rough while maintaining and improving the fiber structure are crushed, separated by sieving to particle sizes and from the particle size fraction with each larger volume Particles by means of air classification considering the particles their specific gravity are separated, with the individual process steps or procedural steps are repeated at least once and the light particles obtained by the air classification, the are essentially formed by shell parts (husks), too a ...

Description

The The invention relates to a process for the preparation of extraction meal from sunflower seed of conventional sunflower for animal nutrition, taking the extraction meal from trays, core parts and trays with adhering Core parts by sieving into two fractions with different Held on crude proteins and crude fibers is separated, the on crude protein richer fraction for monogastric and the remaining of crude protein poorer However, richer in crude fiber fraction is suitable for ruminants, as well as a Plant for performing of the procedure.

In of animal nutrition High levels of proteins are needed, with only proteins or protein carrier of plant origin. To the possible vegetable protein carriers include soy, Rapeseed, sunflower, palm kernel, other oil crops, lupines, legumes such as Field peas, field beans and residues starch production, like corn gluten. Of the aforementioned protein carriers dominate the soybean products to about 2/3 the market. A large However, soy products account for genetically modified provinces back, not everywhere allowed are. In addition to soy products, there are also rapeseed products in animal nutrition well introduced.

• – Rohfasergehalt und Verdaulichkeit/Nährstoffkonzentration
• – Proteine nach Menge, Verdaulichkeit und biologischer Wertigkeit
• – Fette, Fettsäuren und Wirkstoffe
• – Inhaltsstoffe mit anti-nutritiver Wirkung.

From the point of view of animal nutrition, protein carriers should be selected under nutritional guidelines, namely

• - Crude fiber content and digestibility / nutrient concentration
• - Proteins according to quantity, digestibility and biological value
• - Fats, fatty acids and active ingredients
• - Ingredients with anti-nutritive effect.

Under consideration the above criteria, soy products have an optimal property profile to which the rapeseed products are essentially equivalent, however the sunflower products so far in terms of lower protein content and the higher one Crude fiber content is not sufficiently close.

• – der hautartige Überzug des Samens/Kerns verschmilzt mit der Schale, so daß sich Kern und Schale nicht glatt trennen lassen,
• – vollständiges Schälen von Sonnenblumensaat ist nicht üblich; die Verluste an Ölfleisch, das der Schale anhaftet und mit ihr abgetrennt wird, sind hoch, im Prozeß der Ölgewinnung wird in der Regel teilentschälte und unentschälte Ware verarbeitet, der Ölgehalt der Kerne liegt bei 55%, der Schalenanteil der Saat bei heutigen konventionellen Sorten liegt bei ca. 30%.

The anatomical characteristics of the sunflower seed are important for processing, namely

• The skin-like coating of the seed / core fuses with the shell, so that the core and shell can not be separated smoothly,
• - complete peeling of sunflower seed is not common; the loss of oil meat, which adheres to the shell and is separated with her, are high, in the process of oil extraction is usually partially peeled and undecomposed goods processed, the oil content of the cores is 55%, the shell content of the seed in today's conventional varieties at about 30%.

The alternative products soya and rapeseed have a lower shell content, Furthermore their shells do not adhere very firmly, so that the seeds without coarser core losses peel to let. Soybeans are both shelled and unpeeled, rapeseed however, it is usually processed only unpeeled.

The Shell consists of 55 to 60% crude fiber in sunflower seed, their content of N-free extractives is 20 to 22%.

On the other hand Soya has only an average shell part of 7%, rape the mean value is only 5%.

Either Soybeans as well as rapeseed and sunflowerseed are used for oil production used and the residues from the oil production, the extraction meal is a valuable protein carrier for animal nutrition.

ever after the process of oil extraction receives one oil cake and expeller by pressing, for example, rapeseed.

Just Extraction by means of solvents supplies extraction meal, for example with soybeans.

One combined process of pre-pressing and subsequent extraction, which in turn gives an extraction meal is used in sunflower and also rapeseed applied.

In addition to soybean and rapeseed residues from oil production, sunflower seed residues are also suitable as they also have a fatty acid pattern that is very suitable for animal nutrition. In particular, sunflower seeds contain the essential fatty acid of linoleic acid in a large amount, which makes it superior to that of soya and oilseed rape, as shown in the table below: Fatty acids in% in oil from sunflower seeds, a comparison with soya and rapeseed oil Palmitic acid C16: 0 Stearic acid C18: 0 Oleic acid C18: 1w9 Linoleic acid C18: 2w6 Sunflower conventional varieties 4-10 2-6 10-12 33-77 soy 2-14 2-7 20-36 48-60 rape 1-6 1-3 11-52 10-36

Of the Extraction meal of sunflower seeds of conventional sunflowers has a residual oil content up down to 1 to 3%.

Everyone However, extraction shot must after extraction by steam and subsequent drying, the so-called toasts are treated to the solvents expelled from the extraction meal.

Important for animal nutrition is the composition of the extraction meal in terms of crude fiber content, and crude proteins, as well as crude fats and N-free extractives. The following table compares extraction slices of soybean, rapeseed and sunflower. Extraction scrap - crude fiber and raw nutrients all data in% (rounded), dry substance ≈ 88-90% % Raw fiber % Crude fat % Crude protein % N-free extractives Soybean Extraction meal undescended seed 6-7 1-2 42-45 29 Extraction meal de-seeded 3-4 1-2 49-50 29 Peel 34 2 2-12 38 rape schrot 12-15 2 35 32 sunflowers Extraction meal undescended seed 30-34 2 26-29 25 Extraction meal Partially de-seeded seed 20-22 2-2,4 34-39 27 Peel 60 1 4 22

Out The above compositions show that sunflower extraction meal in the available qualities due to the high crude fiber content and lower crude protein content for example Soy and oilseed especially for the feeding of ruminants suitable, but not for Monogastrics like pigs and poultry, the high crude fiber content can not digest.

Around the nutritional value and to increase the digestibility of sunflower seeds for ruminants It is known the energy value of the sunflower husk, which is the crude fiber content as well as sunflower stems and sunflower heads Digestion with Lye, especially soda lye increase. This succeeds, the builder to open up the crude fiber that their Digestibility increased and thus achieve a better use of the raw material becomes. When treated with soda lye, the complex becomes cellulose lignin-chemellulose in the sunflower extraction meal, i. the shell shares relaxed and split.

Although the sunflower extraction meal has a lower content of crude protein such as soybean meal, however, the value of the contained crude proteins is that of their content of essential amino acids, namely lysine, methionine and cystine, threonine, and tryptophan with respect to the sunflower proteins partly superior to soy products. The following applies:
Sunflower seed is superior to soy with regard to methionine and cystine.

In With respect to lysine, sunflower seed ranks behind soy and rapeseed.

In with respect to thionin and tryptophan are soya, rapeseed and sunflower seeds practically equivalent.

Consequently The proteins from sunflower seed come from soybeans in their diet quality very close.

The limiting essential amino acids in the extraction slices in grams per 100 g of crude protein are listed below: Limiting essential amino acids in oilseed slates Data in g / 100g crude protein (RP) amino acid soy rape sunflower undeclared 44% RP ⁴⁷ unlocks 50% RP undeclared 35% RP undeclared 26% RP part-decides 35% RP lysine 6.5 5.8 5.7 3.7 3.6 methionine 1.5 1.2 2.2 1.9 2.3 cystine 2.4 1.6 1.8 threonine 4.0 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.7 tryptophan 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2

There Monogastrics such as pigs and poultry only small amounts of raw fiber shares can handle is the use of sunflower extraction meal conventional origin for the animal feed from monogastrics because of the high crude fiber content of 20% and more not opportune. Only when the raw fiber content is below that for monogastric critical limit of 10% can be lowered while at the same time increase the salary for Crude protein suffice Extracts in digestibility and nutrient concentration the requirements of these animal species.

Out Levic, Jovanka et al., "Removal of cellulose from sunflower meal by fractionation ", J. At the. Oil Chem. Soc., JAOCS, 1992, 69 (9) 890-893 is known by the Squeezing sunflower seed from the oil mill obtained sunflower extraction meal by subsequent sieving into two fractions, where a fraction of crude proteins is rich and contains less crude fibers compared to the used extraction meal and this as a crude protein-rich fraction designated fraction for the feeding used by monogastric, while the second fraction, poorer in crude protein is opposite the used extraction meal for the feeding of ruminants shall be. Here, however, also has the fraction poorer in crude protein Fraction still a fairly high proportion of crude protein of at least 32.5%, i. only 5% less than the extraction meal used. It has therefore not succeeded in the bowls of the extraction meal Removes adhering remnants of the kernel meat and also the protein-rich To deliver the fraction. However, this means that the protein content of the so-called cellulose fraction quite high, with 32.5 to 38.2% and also the fat content of the fractions remains virtually unchanged.

All known extraction meals, in particular the usual soy and rapeseed substances have an anti-nutritive effect, which reduces feed intake and digestion and possibly also harms the organism. Of importance are the trypsin inhibitors of soy protein as well as the mustard oil glycosides / glucosinolates in rapeseed. By toasting the extraction meal these active ingredients are inactivated, as a result, the digestibility of the proteins / amino acids increases.

In Reference to ingredients with anti-nutritive effect is sunflower extraction meal a particularly safe raw material because it contains no ingredients with anti-nutritive Has effect that must be expelled by toasting.

The Trypsin inhibitors and hemagglutinins of soy be inactivated by toasting, as well as the mustard oil glycosides and corresponding glucosinolates and tannins contained in rape seed meal are. Only the phytic acid phosphorus, which is contained in both soy, rapeseed and sunflower extraction meal, must also in Sunflower seed meal be removed, but in all cases by addition of phytase he follows. Thus, this is in connection with the treatment by toasting in soy and rape by overheating or heating occurring damage of proteins preventable.

Of the Invention is based on the object, sunflowerseed extraction meal from conventional sunflower for animal nutrition and though both for Monogastric as well for ruminant so that a high quality vegetable protein carrier is created, which the Soy product extraction meal is approximately equivalent. in this connection It is an object of the invention, the resulting extraction meal from sunflower seeds from the oil extraction process, i.e. without waste.

According to the invention this Task solved with a method in which the particles of the extraction meal are comminuted, wherein material clumps are crushed from extraction meal, the adhering to the shell core parts are removed and the shells coarsely crushed while maintaining and improving the fiber structure be separated by sieving to particle sizes and off the particle size fraction with each larger volume Particles by means of air classification considering the particles their specific weight are separated, with the individual Process steps or process steps at least once and the light particles obtained by air classification, which are essentially formed by shell parts (husks), to a fraction containing a high crude fiber content of more than 15% be collected and the particles with the higher specific gravity essentially of the core particles or core particles with adhering Shells are formed and by gravity become a crude protein-rich Fraction with a crude protein content above 40% and a crude fiber content be deposited below 10%.

According to the invention succeeds it, a natural product from the field of renewable resources, namely sunflowers, especially one-year old Plants that are rich in fat and proteins, in two qualities appropriate refining of the resulting from the extraction of oil extraction to accomplish.

According to the invention is a high quality industrial manufacturing process created with a product-friendly, reliable, mechanical Treatment process of Feed, namely Extraction meal without additional size Material heating, so that all natural Ingredients undamaged remain. It will receive natural feed, and though by an eco-friendly energy saving economical Process for preparation and nutritional improvement with elevated Digestibility from sunflower extraction meal, valuable raw materials for farm animals receive.

It it is proposed to comminute the particles of the extraction meal, Separate by sieves to particle sizes and from the particle size fraction with each larger volume Particles by means of air classification considering the particles to separate their specific gravity, with the individual process steps or process steps at least once, in particular multiple are repeated before the separated particles are discharged from the treatment process and the respectively associated to be formed, namely be supplied either crude protein or raw fiber rich.

The The light particles obtained by air classification are used in the essentially formed by shell parts (husks) and are sucked and to a high crude fiber content of over 15 wt .-% fractions contained picked up while the particles with the higher specific gravity substantially from the core particles or core particles formed with adherent shells and deposited by gravity be, if necessary, go through another cycle and to one containing a high crude protein content of over 40 wt .-% Group to be picked up.

According to the invention is a crude protein-rich fraction with a proportion of crude protein over 42 wt .-% and a crude fiber content below 10 wt .-% by treatment and separation obtained from a soybean meal in the composition approximated is and for the feeding suitable for monogastric.

advantageous Embodiments and developments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 7.

In Development of the crude fiber-containing fraction with a share of Raw fibers of at least 15 wt .-% is proposed, this then a Pulping liquor, in particular by means of soda lye, whereby the energy value and the digestibility of the material is increased, making it suitable for feeding of ruminants suitable is.

Especially It is proposed to split up the crude fiber fraction into a two-stage process, in the first stage, a first stream of material from the fraction with liquid Natron lye is wetted and mixed and then with a second stream of material from the fraction intensively mixed and is homogenized and then possibly after interim storage in a second stage the conditioned mixture with a conditioner with additional Steam supply for the purpose of tempering and increasing the humidity of Fed mixture and subsequently pressed into pellets in a press and the obtained a pressing temperature from about 50 ° C subsequently having pellets under approximate Moisture retention to room temperature are cooled.

The inventive method treating, structuring and refining of conventional Sunflower extraction meal and making two different Fractions of different composition are preferably carried out in a closed system, whereby it is continuous by appropriate Control and regulation and stockpiling with intermediate containers to to avoid the emptying of the device parts, including the individual device parts connecting conveyor tracks, by means of gravity or compressed air or exhaust air work is performed. A facility to carry out the method of structuring and refining the sunflower extraction meal to obtain two fractions of different qualities and quantities comprises at least two successive combinations of a screening device, an air classifier and a fan with separator with discharge lock, wherein each screening device with the associated air classifier for transport the large volume, the Sieve non-passing particles and with the subsequent screening device for the Removal of the sieve passing small volume particles connected by connecting lines. At least the second and each following screening device additionally has an inside movable impact device and each air classifier is with one associated fan and separator via a suction line for the suction the large-volume, specific light particles connected, the sucked particles on the Discharge lock a collection container for the crude fiber fraction over the connection lines can be fed are. Furthermore, a turbo separator is provided, which the exhaust air ducts supplied to the fans are. From the exit of each wind sifter to the last wind sifter leads a connection line to a crushing device, wherein the output of the last Sieve device and the outlet of the last wind sifter direct Connecting lines to the respective collection container for the protein-containing fraction or for having the crude fiber fraction and the output of the comminution device is connected to the entrance of the first screening device via a conveying direction, for one recirculation of the not yet sufficiently structured material.

advantageous Further developments of the system are the characterizing features of claims 9 to 22 removable.

The advantageous developments and inventive embodiments of the plant for the production of two fractions of different quality and quantity on the one hand for the feeding of monogastric animals and on the other for the animal nutrition of ruminants from sunflower extraction meal are described below in connection with a system shown schematically in the 1a and 1d described.

From sunflowerseed, which is crushed, de-oiled in a Vorpreßgang to a residual content of about 15 to 20% oil and then in an extraction plant oil by heating with hot steam and addition of solvent hexane in countercurrent process to a residual content of about 1 to 2% is withdrawn, we obtain the extraction meal, which is further processed according to the invention. Such a sunflower extraction meal has a bulk density of about 300 to 350 kg / m ³ , while the sunflower seed itself still has a bulk density of about 400 to 440 kg / m ³ . To a pet food for mono To obtain gastrier, the extraction meal must not only get a finer, gritty structure, but also the crude protein content must be increased to over 42% and the crude fiber content to be lowered to the lower limit below 10%. In order to make the sunflower extraction meal for ruminants suitable as animal feed, a coarse structure should be retained, but a much higher Auffaserung be achieved and an improvement in the digestibility of the sunflower husk can be achieved by lye digestion. A production plant in a compact design in the modular system, which can be adapted to the respective local conditions in size, is schematically in the 1a . 1b . 1c . 1d The process and method of preparation of both fractions can take place in a closed system. The materials are conveyed via pipes, screws, drag chain conveyors and elevators, for example from one device to the next.

The process begins with the reservoir 1 for sunflower extraction meal equipped with a control system full and empty monitoring. The capacity is designed according to the desired production and includes a minimum of 24 hours to ensure trouble-free, continuous production. The reservoir is the output side with a metering screw 2 provided for the discharge of the material, wherein the metering screw has a continuously variable drive for a uniform volume-adjustable Materialaus transmission. The discharged material, the extraction shot is by means of a conveyor, such as the elevator 3 consisting of a cup conveyor system mounted on a rubber belt, to the first station, the screening device 5 promoted. Shortly before entering the screening device 5 over a barrel 4a is a pipe magnet 4 built into it with a magnetic core for safe metal deposition of metal particles possibly contained in the extraction shot. The material flow is distributed in the tube magnet and guided over the conical, arranged inside magnetic core for metal deposition. A double magnetic core causes strong adhesion with the large magnetic fields, so that iron contamination is surely removed.

It follow several stages of the process, each step one Screening device, an air classifier, fans and separators including locks.

The first screening device 5 to which the from the reservoir 1 conveyed material is, is as Schwingsieb 5 formed and can be adjusted in the Siebneigung between 5 to 17 °. It has a throwing angle and even material distribution over the entire wire width; a practical adaptation of the screening accuracy requirements is possible. The first screening device 5 is equipped as a double-deck sieve with two superimposed with spaced sieve inserts and further has a cleaning by means of rubber balls, whereby the blockage freedom of Siebbespannung is guaranteed and at the same time the Absiebgüte is increased.

The first screening plant forms a first separation passage, wherein the coarse shell particles as well as material clumping continue over the sieve and over the connecting line 5c to the pre-tank 22 the crusher 24 be encouraged.

The second screen insert in turn forms a separation passage for the material passing through the first screen insert. Medium-sized shell parts and coarse core portions of the same size do not pass the second screen insert, but are discharged at the end of the screen insert and pass over the connecting line 5a to the associated air classifier 9 , In the air classifier 9 there is a separation of the particles according to specific gravity in such a way that the heavy core parts and also shell parts with adhering core material for further treatment from the air classifier are discharged downwards and over the connecting line 9c again the pre-tank 22 for the shredding device 24 be supplied. The specific light shell parts of the same size, however, are from the air classifier of the following fan 13 and separators 14 via the suction line 9b sucked off and via the discharge lock 14a and connection line 14b the separator for further processing by means of a conveyor 27 For example, the elevator 27 , to the collection container 31 promoted. These are the shell parts, ie essentially a crude fiber-containing fraction, in the collection container 31 accumulated for ruminants.

The present Appendix contains four process stages, each comprising a screening device, an air classifier and a fan with separator and discharge lock. The screening machine and the air classifier represent a combination for two different ways of separating the particles, wherein light matter particles, shells, husks of different specific weights in the individual passages - process stages - are sucked out of the granular extraction shot. The respectively from the associated Siebvorrich tung 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th in the associated air classifier 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 over the connecting line 5a . 6a . 7a . 8a passing particles are fed via an adjustable inlet via a vibrating trough in the air classifier in a regular product veil over the entire width in the air classifier. An adjustable air damper regulates the wind force and air volume, exactly the respective product of the respective passage corresponding values are adjusted. The deposition of the light particles, husks takes place by suction from the air classifier according to their specific gravity. The separation limit can be adapted to the requirements at any time during operation. Both the product flow and the air velocity and air flow rate can be infinitely regulated. Each air sifter with its own air supply is a low-pressure fan 13 . 15 . 17 . 19 including cyclone separator 14 . 16 . 18 . 20 and discharge lock 14a . 16a . 18a . 20a assigned to the uninterrupted extraction of the husks from the air classifier and separation in the responsible cyclone, and here discharged via the discharge lock and optionally further transported. The exhaust air from the air separators and cyclone separators goes via connecting lines 14c . 16c . 18c and 20c for cleaning in the common turbo separator 21 ,

The turbo separator 21 is versatile and replaces conventional cyclones. With large amounts of air, it can be accommodated in the smallest space. The separator is maintenance-free, as there are no moving parts. The dust-air mixture is from the fans 13 . 15 . 17 . 19 pushed into the turbo separator and passed into its helical housing. Due to the shape of the housing, the air is set in rotation, the dust particles being thrown against the housing inner wall and with a partial air flow through a gap-shaped opening in the post-separator 21a be guided. The almost dust-free main air flow, which flows past the gap, passes through the fins. Due to the sudden change in the direction of air flow, the residual dust is returned to the rotating flow. The Nachabscheider works in principle like a cyclone and consists of a central tube, cyclone head and a cylindrical shell. The air is introduced tangentially at the cyclone. The dust deposited here is removed with excess air. The degree of separation of the turbo-separator is considerably higher than that of conventional cyclones, while maintaining the minimum and maximum air volumes.

The material used in the first screening device 5 through the second sieve, coarser and fine-grained material, including husks according to grain sizes is a subsequent screening device 6 fed, wherein the Siebdurchfall each screening machine of a respective subsequent screening machine via the corresponding connecting lines 5b . 6b . 7b . 8b is supplied.

The first sieve 5 subsequent screening devices 6 . 7 . 8th serve to Trennsichtung the extraction of the husks, in particular the detachment of the core parts of the shells. The sieve devices 6 . 7 . 8th each have an inlet funnel for the incoming material via the connecting lines. By a screw conveyor, the material is brought into the interior of a conical sieve in which rotates a beating cross, which is equipped with vortex bars that whirl the screenings through the sieves at the entire circumference. Furthermore brushes are arranged on the perimeter at the perimeter, which ensure a Verstopfungsfreiheit the Siebbespannung and ensure a good separation of fine and coarse particles. The possibility of using different Sieblochungen adapted to the desired grain size of each sieve passage 6 . 7 . 8th is given. The baskets can be replaced within a few minutes without the need to disassemble any mechanical parts.

The connection lines 5c . 9c . 10c . 11c are merged to the pre-tank 22 ,

The sieve device 5 has two separating passages, the sieve device 6 forms the third separation passage. The to the wind gauge 10 over the connecting line 6a material of the same grain size but different specific weights will be obtained in the air classifier 10 separated according to the specific weights, with the same size, specifically light shell parts on the following fan 15 and separators 16 sucked off and via the discharge lock 16a for further processing via the connecting line 16b the conveyor belt 27 to the collection container 31 be supplied. The heavier particles, which essentially capture the proteinaceous core particles, on the other hand, are removed from the air classifier via the connecting line 10a discharged and can optionally either by means of a flap box 26 over the connecting line 10c the pre-tank 22 the crusher 24 or already as an end product via the connecting line 10d the conveyor belt 28 , For example, an elevator and from here to a collection container 50 for the protein-rich fraction for the collection of the protein-rich fraction which forms the end product for monogastric.

The connecting pipes - discharge pipes 14b . 16b . 18b . 20b as well as from the Nachabschneider 21a coming line 21c after the flap 26 are merged to the conveyor 27 , The interconnectors 21d . 8c . 12d . 11d . 10d leading to the conveyor 28 lead are also merged.

With different product grain size and each separate adjustable air supply, the same systematic material separation takes place in the following stepwise process sequence. The fourth and fifth separation passage with the sieve devices 7 and 8th that with the wind sifters 11 and 12 , the fans 17 and 19 , Separators 18 and 20 with discharge locks 18a and 20a are connected.

Behind the air classifiers 10 . 11 . 12 there are each folding boxes 26 to which two output-side connecting lines 10c . 10d . 11c . 11d . 12c . 12d are connected, which make it possible to control the discharged product by nature either back into the process back to further crushing and sifting or to the collection containers for the fractions.

The exhaust air is from the fans 13 . 15 . 17 and 19 in the turbo separator 21 pressed.

In the turbo-separator, the dust is separated from the dust-air mixture and the cleaned, dust-free air is released into the open air. The resulting dust runs out of the Nachabscheider 21a optionally via a folding box 26 and will either be over the line according to the quality 21c to the conveyor belt 27 to the collection container 31 for the crude fiber fraction for ruminants or over the line 21d to the conveyor belt 28 in the collection container 50 headed for the high-protein fraction for monogastric.

With this first part of the plant and the reprocessing process the sunflower extraction meal industrially according to Requirement for animal nutrition for monogastric and ruminants processed. The adhering to the shell core parts are gently dissolved, material clumping crushed and crushed the sunflower husks while preserving and improving the fiber structure, also considering the fluctuations in raw materials of different varieties.

Located in the hopper 22 Contaminated particles from the Trennsichtung the screening devices and air classifier are by means of a metering screw 23 , which has a continuously variable drive, in a uniform material flow of the mill 24 fed. The hopper 22 is equipped with a full and empty detector and ensures the uninterrupted supply of material to the dosing screw 23 , The processing passage with various processing equipment for processing comprises a special mill 24 with balanced grinding plate construction with fluted baffle plates and thus appropriate grinding and conditioning operations with variable rotor peripheral speed, so that a uniform structure of the final product is achieved and at the same time in the passage the remaining core parts are separated from the shell parts and the core parts are crushed in the grinding process to a free-flowing product gritty mill structure with a grain size for monogastric suitable. Due to the great variety of small particles and the shape, the specific surface area and texture increases, a further advantageous improvement of the digestibility of the particles for monogastric, wherein the particle size between 700 and 200 .mu.m test sieves according to ISO DIN 4188. By choosing the mill screen insert with certain perforated plates and large screen area, the fiber structure of the coarse shells is improved and thus the absorption properties. The effect of the slightly fiberized shell parts offers further advantages in the subsequent lye digestion process of the fraction containing crude fibers. The grinding structure is crucial for the quality of the end product for ruminants. The crushing plant, which is also the treatment plant, is equipped with an aspiration system that avoids the generated excess air pressure in the grinding chamber, it includes a fan and attachment filter 25 , The material is removed faster in this way and does not rotate with. Thus, a desired uniform structure of the ground material is achieved.

The portion of the extraction meal from the overflow of the sieve separating passages of the screening devices goes out of the mill after passing through the last patterning-processing passage 24 via a discharge screw conveyor 24a to a conveyor 3 , For example, an elevator to the first separation passage of the first sliding device 5 back and goes through the preparation process again.

In the collection container 50 is the high-protein nuclear material with only small amounts of shells - crude fiber - collected into a fraction of gritty structure, which is directly usable as animal feed for monogastric.

The in the collection container 31 collected crude fiber-containing fraction with small amounts of core parts, however, which is intended for ruminants, is subsequently a further refinement and improvement subjected to an increase in the energy value and nutritional value by The treatment and lye digestion process for this crude fiber-containing fraction, which was separated in the first part of the plant, is adapted to this material. The lye digestion process can be carried out in one or two stages. In the one-step process, the reaction time is relatively long. The two-step process is preferred. In the two-stage process, the digestion of the crude fiber, in particular the husks and shell particles in combination and combined with a pelletizing improved and by pressure, friction and temperature creates a self-heating, in the pellets, which significantly reduces the reaction time of the leaching process and at the same time required amount of alkali reduced. This results in better pouring properties of the material thus treated, a reduction in volume through the pelleting, simple product storage, no material mixtures and favorable transport costs.

Furthermore it is also possible additionally to the collected crude fiber fraction also ballast components, like sunflower heads and stems with the addition of the energy value of this Feeds for ruminant increase.

The extraction meal or the shell parts contained in it were already prepared by the extraction process in the oil mill, the wax coat of sunflower seed was changed and the wax is no longer available. The wax content and the solvent hexane are in the recovered oil mixture for further processing. The fraction of sunflower extraction meal from the treatment plant which is well structured in the initially described mechanical treatment process is located in the collecting container 31 which ensures a continuous, safe operation of the entire system. The collection container 31 May also regulate an unforeseen production interruption for several hours. The production process as well as the machines are designed to provide an uninterrupted working method over many days. The collection container 31 is equipped with a full and empty message control system for material content monitoring. The discharge screw 31a works discontinuously to fill the material of the tank 34 by means of the elevator 32 and is automatically from the full and empty detector of the Vorbehälters 34 is controlled. At the inlet dosing tank 34 there is still a strong pipe magnet 33 , built like the tube magnet 4 to remove again possibly existing iron particles from the animal feed.

The hopper 34 including full and empty detectors for production control is on the output side with the discharge metering screw 35 , which is adjustable with a frequency control, for a continuous uniform feed to the continuous scale 36 , where a solids weighing is carried out and continuous detection of the product amount as a guide value for the alkali dosage, connected.

For wetting with lye is a Laugensprüh- and vortex mixer 37 provided with three mixing stages, which has adjustable mixing tools and a split inlet to homogeneously mix solids with liquids. With the continuous vortex mixing process, it is possible to produce a homogeneous mixture between the particles and the liquor for the liquor digestion. The crude fiber-containing fraction, obtained from the sunflower extraction meal, is added in the form of a veil to the mixing cylinder and divided into two streams of material. On the first stream of material, the required amount of liquid sodium hydroxide is continuously given process controlled precisely. This fluid-enriched material flow is still brought together in the first mixing stage of the vortex mixer with the remaining amount of solids, ie the second material flow. This two-step mixing gives you an intensive mixing process. In the second mixing zone, residence zone, the intensive mixing takes place. The material speed is reduced compared to the first mixing zone. In the third mixing zone, the material speed is again increased and a final intensive homogenization is achieved.

The lye is dosed fully automatically by process control. From a main saline tank 38 which is equipped with a shut-off valve 38a , is achieved by means of a dosing pump with pressure relief valve connected directly to the tank 39 the caustic automatically added exactly. The metering takes place with automatic exact volume control via a motor-operated metering valve and flow rate measurement with remote indication via a magnetic inductive counter 40 , The Präzessionsdosiergerät is designed for accurate Beigabe smallest amounts, for example, 0.5 to 10%, preferably 3 to 5% sodium hydroxide solution with respect to the material to be wetted in a vortex mixer, which is sprayed very finely dispersed and mixed.

After the lye spraying and mixing plant, the wetted material is conveyed via a conveyor system by means of an elevator 41 and a trough chain conveyor 42 in a production silo 43 or alternatively via the two-way folding box 52 directly to a pre-tank 46 directed to the pelleting plant. The production silo or silo 43 consists of, for example, 3 storage cells, as well as material full and empty detectors, and is equipped with 3 pneumatic spouts 42 , For example, each capacity cell corresponds to a three-shift daily production capacity in 24-hour operation. The residence times can be extended depending on the nature of the crude fiber structure optionally from 10 to 75 hours in the intermediate storage in order to achieve the greatest possible liquor digestion of the treated Rohfaserteilchen.

The obtained after the lye digestion Moistened crude fiber mixture is then the second stage of pulping process supplied which is performed in conjunction with a pelleting process.

The mixture is from the Veril silo 43 by means of pneumatic silo spool 44 via a trough chain conveyor 44 to an elevator 45 further promoted and from here into a very large press pre-tank 46 which is equipped with material full and empty detectors. The capacity of the reservoir corresponds for example to a press capacity of 10 hours.

Another method for carrying out the two-stage process to digest the crude fiber-containing fraction is also that the vortex mixer 37 leaving humidified mixture via the delivery line 36 by means of the flap box 52 past the holding silo directly to the press pre-tank 46 is fed and only after the pelleting process in the Veril silo 43 over an elevator 45 is encouraged. During the pelleting process in the pressing operation, strong material friction of the fraction to be pelletized, which causes an increase in product heating associated with high pressure, occurs in the pressing die. Constant constant friction, temperature, pressure and material moisture during the pressing process achieve a mechanically effective effect in the liquor digestion of the pretreated moistened crude fiber-containing fraction. As a result, the digestibility of crude fiber for ruminants is increased. This targeted nutritional increase and the yield of raw materials are of increasing importance.

In the first stage of the digestion process in the vortex mixing process in a vortex mixer 37 processed crude fiber-containing mixture is from the press pre-tank 46 via the dosing screw 47 discharged and the conditioner 48 supplied in a uniform supply of material. To further improve the fiber structure and the digestion process is an additional steam dosage 53 provided with predetermined temperature control, which interacts with the conditioner. This is intended to achieve a slight increase in the moisture content of the material and the best possible constant temperature in the material before the pressing process. Also in the conditioner, the material is subjected to vortex mixing, and the metered vapor penetrates and is evenly distributed homogenized. This causes an improvement of the product to be produced in connection with the lye digestion process for the crude fiber-containing fraction. The conditioner is equipped with a plastic inner clothing, which causes a low power requirement and prevents material caking and sticking and at the same time provides insulation against heat loss. The steam metering device 53 includes a filter, steam dryer, pressure reducer. The control valve is controlled by the automatic temperature control. The steam supply can be interrupted by a solenoid shut-off valve. The hydrothermal effect of the conditioning process achieves further absorption of the liquid liquor in the material. This optimal intensive preparation contributes significantly to the following liquor digestion of crude fiber fractions in the pelleting press. The material - pressed material - is distributed from the conditioner targeted on the entire ring die surface of the press by forced feeding. Here, a pelleting press is provided with ring-matrix surface, are provided in the die holes, in which the pressed material is pressed by means of pressure rollers. At the same time a compaction takes place here. The pellets thus produced still have an elevated temperature of about 50 ° C. They are therefore subsequently in a cooling device 49 cooled to room temperature gently. The cooling device is designed for example as a countercurrent circular cooler and allows the product adapted gentle even cooling. The pellets are evenly distributed in the inlet over the entire cooling surface, so that no irregular cooling of the product takes place. Level detectors are fixed to the minimum and maximum dwell time, a Vormelder prevents that no product overfill arises. If the pellets produced are then returned to the silo in order to store there a further reaction time, it is necessary to cool the pellets accordingly. Important for an effective cooling in countercurrent principle are a balanced ratio of air volume, air speed and residence time and low mechanical stress of the pellets. The pellets leave the die at about 50 ° C. It is important to bring the pellets gently to the temperature, which should be close to the ambient temperature, with the lowest possible moisture removal. This is advantageously done by cooling according to the countercurrent principle. The in the pelleting press 48 produced pellets are via a feed slot of the cooling device 49 fed continuously distributed over the whole area. The cooling air fan is installed in the hood. Thus, the hood shape ensures a uniform cooling air flow. The fan is always operated cost-effectively, depending on the climatic conditions and throughput. The stably built refrigerator has a large inspection door with sight glass. At this adjustable adjustable material detectors are installed, with which the Durch set rate and the cooling time is given. The control of the detectors is done automatically by a control system, not shown here. The discharge mechanism is driven by a pneumatic or hydraulic system. This means low energy costs and low maintenance. The discharge rate is infinitely adjustable. This achieves an optimum residence time. The further promotion of the cooled pellets after the cooling device via an elevator 45 to the silo 43 with storage cells. From the cells Abstehzellen the finished product after the required residence time, ie preselected variable Abstehzeit on the respective pneumatic outlet spool 44 by means of a discharge chain conveyor 44a over the folding boxes 52 directly to the finished goods warehouse or to a loading 51 be spent. The finished product thus produced is a raw fiber-containing finished product, namely a raw fiber-containing extraction meal of sunflower seed, which is open-minded and has a high energy value and is suitable for feeding ruminants.

According to the invention succeeds it, by mechanical treatment and pulping sunflower extraction meal to prepare a valuable pet food into two categories, namely once a protein-rich fraction that approximates a soybean meal and for Monogastric is suitable and refined in a raw fiber-containing Fraction for ruminant suitable is.

The can be achieved according to the invention new feed components from sunflower extraction meal a pure natural food. The production facilities can be set up in the required area become. The products can in place where sunflowers grow, are processed.

Claims (22)

Process for the preparation of extraction meal from sunflower seed of conventional sunflower for animal nutrition, wherein the extraction meal of shells, core parts and shells with adhering core parts is separated by sieving into two fractions with different contents of crude proteins and raw fibers, wherein the crude protein richer fraction for monogastric and the remaining raw protein poorer but richer in crude fibers fraction is suitable for ruminants, characterized in that the particles of the extraction meal are crushed, material clumps are crushed from extraction shot, the peel adhering to the core parts are replaced and the shells roughly while maintaining and improving the Are separated by sieving to particle sizes and from the particle size fraction with the larger volume particles by means of air classification, the particles taking into account their specific weight to be separated, wherein the individual process steps or process steps are repeated at least once and collected by the air classification light particles, which are formed essentially of shell parts (husks), collected to a high crude fiber content of more than 15% fraction and the higher specific gravity particles are essentially formed by the adherent skin core particles and gravitationally deposited into a crude protein rich fraction having a crude protein content in excess of 40% and a crude fiber content of less than 10%. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the individual process steps or process steps several times be repeated. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the Particles with the higher specific gravity to a crude protein-rich fraction with a Proportion of crude protein over 42% are deposited. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized that the by sieving and / or air separation deposited particles with the higher specific weight before reseeding a crushing be subjected. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that the crude fiber fraction a lye digestion process, in particular by means of sodium hydroxide, is subjected to increase the energy value. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the crude fiber-containing fraction is digested in a two-stage process, wherein in the first stage a first material stream from the fraction is wetted with liquid sodium hydroxide solution and mixed and then intensively with a second stream of material from the fraction is mixed and homogenized and then, if necessary, after intermediate storage, in a second stage, the treated mixture a conditioner with additional steam supply for the purpose of tempering and increasing the moisture of the mixture is fed and then pressed into pellets in a press and the obtained a pressing temperature of about 50 ° C having pellets are then cooled to approximately room temperature with approximate moisture retention. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that this Producing the fractions or pellets in a closed system he follows. Plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising at least two successive combinations of a screening device ( 5 . 6 . 7 . 8th ), an air classifier ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 ) and a fan ( 13 . 15 . 17 . 19 ) with separator ( 14 . 16 . 18 . 20 ) with discharge lock ( 14a . 16a . 18a . 20a ), wherein each screening device with the associated air classifier for the transport of the large volume, the sieve not passing particles and with the subsequent screening device for the removal of the sieve passing small voluminous particles by means of connecting lines ( 5a . 6a . 7a . 8a respectively. 5b . 6b . 7b . 8b ) and at least the second and each subsequent screening device ( 6 . 7 . 8th ) additionally has a movable percussion device arranged inside, and each air classifier ( 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 ) with an associated fan and separator via a suction line ( 9b . 10b . 11b . 12b ) is connected to the suction of large-volume specific light particles and the extracted particles via the discharge lock ( 14a . 16a . 18a . 20a ) a collecting container ( 31 ) for the fraction containing crude fibers via the connecting pipes ( 14b . 16b . 18b . 20b ) can be fed and a turbo separator ( 21 ), to which the exhaust ducts ( 14c . 16c . 18c . 20c ) of the fans ( 13 . 15 . 17 . 19 ), further from the output ( 9a . 10a . 11a ) of each wind sifter ( 9 . 10 . 11 ) down to the last wind sifter ( 12 ) a connection line ( 9c . 10c . 11c ) to a crushing device ( 22 to 25 ), the output ( 8b ) of the last screening device ( 8th ) and the output ( 12a ) of the last wind sifter ( 12 ) Connecting cables ( 8c respectively. 12c ) to the collecting container ( 50 ) for the proteinaceous fraction or ( 31 ) for the crude fiber-containing fraction and the output of the comminution device ( 22 to 25 ) with the entrance of the first screening device ( 5 ) via a conveyor device ( 3 ) connected is. Plant according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises forms closed system and is continuously operable, and the particles by means of conveyors or be conveyed in pipes from one station to the next. Installation according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that on the input side a storage container ( 1 ) is provided for the extraction meal and the material discharge into the first screening device by means of a continuously variable metering screw ( 2 ) he follows. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first screening device ( 5 ) has two Siebeinlagen, wherein the first Siebeinlage restrains the coarse particles directly to the crushing plant ( 22 to 25 ) and the second screen insert retains a further proportion of großvololiger particles that the first air classifier ( 9 ), in which a separation according to specific weight is carried out, wherein the specific light particles, in particular the shell particles from the subsequent fan ( 13 ) and separators ( 14 ) into the connection ladder ( 9b ) are sucked off and via the discharge lock ( 14a ) and connecting line ( 14b ) the collecting container ( 31 ) are fed to the crude fiber-containing fraction. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the air classifiers are each equipped with a vibrating channel for the particles coming from the screening device, and an air damper for regulating the amount of air and suction power for the purpose of extracting the specific lighter parts, in particular the shell parts (husks ) from the vibrating trough, wherein the remaining particles in the vibrating trough discharged and over the connecting lines ( 9c . 10c . 11c ) turn the crushing device ( 22 to 25 ) can be supplied. Plant according to claim 12, characterized in that that the Separation limit based on the specific gravity of the particles, which reach the vibratory trough of the air classifier by means of regulation the suction power is adjustable. Plant according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the turbo separator ( 21 ), which sucks the exhaust air from the air classifiers and fans / separators on the exhaust ducts, has a helical housing with main course, and a Nachabscheider is connected via a gap in the main passage for entrained in the exhaust air particles via a discharge line ( 21a ) to the collecting container ( 31 ) leads. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the first screening device ( 5 ) subsequent screening machines ( 6 to 8th ) have a conical sieve, within which a rotatable striking cross with vortex strips and circumferentially brushes is arranged. Installation according to one of Claims 8 to 15, characterized in that a mill ( 24 ) is provided with a plurality of baffles and variable peripheral rotor speed to separate the core parts of the shell parts and crushed to obtain a flowable product. Plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the mill ( 24 ) an aspiration device ( 25 ) is associated with filter and fan to compensate for the generated in the grinding chamber of the mill air pressure. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 17, characterized in that at the exit ( 10a . 11a . 12a ) of the air classifier ( 10 . 11 . 12 ) a flap ( 26 ) is provided in order to connect the output optionally to the connecting line ( 10c . 11c . 12c ) or a connecting line ( 10d . 11d . 12d ) to the collecting container ( 50 ) for the proteinaceous fraction. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 18, characterized in that the collecting container ( 31 ) for the crude fiber fraction of a treatment plant ( 33 to 40 ) is followed for closing the crude fiber-containing fraction by means of sodium hydroxide, which comprises a vortex mixer, which is connected to a controllable metering screw for charging with the fraction and a controllable metering device with spraying device for the sodium hydroxide solution. Plant according to claim 19, characterized in that on the output side of the vortex mixer for the moistened fraction optionally via a folding box ( 52a ) a connection line to a retention silo ( 43 ) or a pelleting press plant ( 46 to 49 ) with filling container ( 46 ), whereby the return silo ( 43 ) also a further conveying line to the pressing device ( 46 to 49 ) is provided. Plant according to claim 20, characterized in that the pelleting plant has a conditioner ( 48 ), in which the moistened fraction from the inlet container ( 46 ) via a metering screw ( 47 ), wherein the conditioner ( 48 ) further with a Dampfdosiereinrichtung ( 53 ) is connected to predetermined temperature control and a pelleting press is provided with ring die, which is fed by the conditioner and the pelleting press downstream of a cooling device for gentle cooling of the pellets is arranged downstream. Installation according to one of claims 8 to 21, characterized in that a continuous fully automatic operation of the plant by means of the input-side reservoir ( 1 ) for the extraction meal, collecting container ( 31 ) for the crude fiber-containing fraction, recycled silos for the moistened crude fiber-containing fraction, and stock-holding inlet containers ( 22 ) for the crushing plant, inlet container ( 34 ) for the vortex mixer and inlet container ( 46 ) is provided for the pelletizing plant and driven and controllable conveyors including measuring devices for the levels of the materials containing container.