DE10114844B4 - Self-adjusting clutch release bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

Release bearing, preferably for a switch disconnect clutch used in motor vehicles, consisting of a rolling bearing arranged as a roller bearing, a torsionally rigid arranged inner ring (3) and a circumferential outer ring (2), and between two bearing rings guided rolling elements (5), one with the shift disconnect clutch connected spring means on an annular flange of the outer ring (2) is supported and to achieve a self-adjusting release bearing (1) an inclined flange (11) of the inner ring (2) on a support ring (7a to 7e) on complementarily shaped Kugelkalottensegmente (14, 15) in a contact region (13) are frictionally supported, wherein at least one Kugelkalottensegment (14, 15) is wear-reducing and friction-reducing, and a pressure ring (17a to 17c) on the flange (11) of the inner ring (3) on the of the support ring (17) 7a to 7e) facing away from the force-fitting, wherein the flange (11) and the Pressure ring (17a to 17c) in a contact zone (16) complementarily shaped Kugelkalottensegmente (18, 19) form.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a release bearing, which is preferably used in release devices for used in motor vehicles shift disconnect couplings. The structure of the release bearing comprises a designed as a diagonal bearing roller bearing with a torsionally rigid inner ring and a circumferential outer ring. Between the bearing rings used rolling elements are guided in a cage. On the peripheral, outer bearing ring is frictionally a directly or indirectly connected to the gearshift clutch spring means, in particular a plate spring or its plate spring pliers from. The release bearing is designed so that this compensates for a slight production-related offset of directly associated with the release bearing components in which the release bearing against a component on which it is supported, is pivotable.

Background of the invention

Self-adjusting or self-aligning release bearing are used to compensate for a production-related axial impact of the gearshift clutch or its plate spring. By this measure, the wear is reduced and the life of the release bearing can be increased.

In the release device, the release bearing is arranged axially displaceable together with a housing on a guide sleeve. The axial displacement of the housing or an associated flare ring and the associated release bearing for engagement and disengagement of the shift disconnect clutch via a release lever or a Zentralausrücker, wherein the disengagement can be initiated by a clutch pedal or automatically by a clutch actuator. The structure of the release bearing provides that both the circumferential bearing ring and the rotationally fixed bearing ring are supported via a ring bottom on the plate spring or indirectly or directly on the housing. When installed, the release bearing can be exposed to a so-called axial shock of the disc springs or their cup spring pliers, which increases the stress, the wear of the release bearing and thus reduces the life. This axial impact caused in particular by the disc springs due to production leads to clutch picking and thus to loss of comfort. Due to tolerances, it can come in the installed state of the release device or the release bearing to an axis-parallel offset of the force-transmitting waves, between which the release bearing and the release device is arranged. The structure of the release bearing should therefore allow a self-adjustment or a self-adjustment, which compensates for an axis-parallel offset and thus prevents loss of comfort due to an adverse vibration.

To compensate or compensate for such disadvantageous axial or lingual impact of the diaphragm spring, various solutions are known.

The DE 72 45 141 U discloses a release bearing assembly in which an adjusting ring is provided between the spring tongues of the disc spring and the circumferential inner ring, wherein a contact surface between the adjusting ring and the inner ring is designed in the form of a spherical cap. Disadvantageously, the known solution comprises two components made of steel, which are supported directly on each other to achieve a self-adjustment. This measure leads to a Reibrostbildung and thus a high degree of wear.

Out DE 30 10 501 A1 a self-centering release bearing assembly is known, in which the stationary outer ring of a RULY ball bearing is supported via a separate housing component on a convexly shaped in cross-section support ring by a linear, provided by the housing component slope to the convex support ring in the circumferential direction of the support ring occurs in linear contact , In addition, this document is removable, that a spring is present, which presses the housing part against the spherical support ring.

Summary of the invention

Taking into account the disadvantages of known solutions, it is an object of the invention to realize a self-adjusting release bearing, which enables maintenance-free, noise-optimized, a long service life and is inexpensive to produce.

To solve this problem, it is provided according to the invention to provide the rotationally rigidly arranged inner bearing ring of the release bearing with a sloping, inclined inwardly directed flange or ring bottom, which rests positively in the installed state on a support ring, wherein the contact area identically designed Kugelkalottensegmente identifies. This device for self-adjustment of the release bearing is provided on the side facing away from the disc spring side of the release bearing, which creates sufficient installation space, to achieve a large-area contact area. This results in an advantageously low surface pressure between a self-adjustment of the release bearing enabling components. This measure advantageously reduces wear and at the same time avoids disadvantageous noise development. Furthermore, this inventive concept also allows without any Maintenance a significantly increased lifespan. The design of the contact area, in which at least one Kugelkalottensegment wear-reducing and friction-reducing, for example, by an appropriate choice of material friction partners in the contact area, decisively improves the possibility of self-adjustment between the inner bearing ring and the support ring due to reduced friction. The support according to the invention of the inner bearing ring on the support ring also permanently prevents a Reibrostbildung, which adversely affects the wear and noise. At the same time, the invention permanently avoids the comfort-limiting clutch plucking, in which the axial impacts triggered by the shift-disconnect clutch are introduced in a damped or compensated manner into the release bearing. The disadvantageous direct support of steel-made components, the adjusting ring and the support ring according to previous solutions prevents the invention. The decoupling of these components also causes a noise-optimized support. The measures to reduce wear and reduce friction on the Kugelkalottensegment are provided so that they do not adversely affect the space of the release bearing. The inventive measure is still inexpensive to produce and requires no special handling during assembly. Is on the flange of the inner ring in the installed state on the side facing away from the support ring side, a pressure ring is provided. Is this pressure ring with a spring means in conjunction, an axial bias is effected, with which the inner ring of the release bearing rests against the support ring. In this case, the pressure ring forms a complementary to the outer contour of the inner ring designed Kugelkalottensegment, whereby the self-adjustment of the release bearing is ensured relative to the support ring.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 24.

Thus, the invention includes various measures to prevent or reduce the wear and the friction in the contact area between the flange of the inner ring and the support ring. A first measure relates to a surface coating, wherein at least one component of the flange of the inner ring or the support ring in the region of the contact region, for example, has a molybdenum coating.

Another measure provides for assigning a component a separate sliding element, which is made of a friction-reducing and wear-resistant material.

In the same way, according to the invention, in order to achieve a wear-resistant and friction-reducing support between the pressure ring and the flange of the inner ring in the contact zone, at least one component is provided with a suitable surface coating or, alternatively, a separate sliding element designed as a spherical segment segment is used.

The measures according to the invention advantageously avoid a direct contact of the support ring or pressure ring on the flange of the inner ring in the installed state. This concept allows or improves a maintenance-free, low-friction and at the same time damping self-adjustment between the mutually pivotable components.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided to assign the sliding element instead of a full-surface system segmented a component. This design improves the adhesion of the sliding element, since stresses due to different expansion coefficients between the different materials are thus largely eliminated.

To compensate for the different coefficients of expansion is provided according to the invention alternatively, to provide the sliding elements at least with a matching with the axis of symmetry of the release bearing longitudinal slot. Instead of a slot, the sliding member may further comprise a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots, which are also mounted alternately on the inside or the outside of the sliding member. A straight-line slot arrangement can also be replaced by a meandering or oblique slot shape.

To achieve reduced manufacturing costs is provided according to the invention to produce the sliding element by injection molding. This method offers the possibility to introduce the necessary slots or grooves in the sliding element to compensate for expansion stresses in the mounting position of the sliding element due to different expansion coefficients.

Regardless of the design of the sliding element is provided according to the invention, to secure this component form-fitting manner to the support member. Preferably, for this purpose, the surface provided for receiving the sliding element is provided with grooves or recesses into which projections or pegs of the sliding element are guided or engage therein. This measure ensures at the same time an effective anti-rotation of the sliding member relative to the support member.

Furthermore, the invention comprises a non-positive attachment of the sliding element, including in particular a bond is provided. The preferably used high-temperature adhesive is suitable to compensate for unevenness between the receiving surface and the sliding member, to achieve a large-area contact, without the risk of adverse cavitation. A further embodiment of the invention comprises a sliding element, which is sprayed as a coating directly on the corresponding surface of the support member. This measure has the advantage that diameter tolerances of the components to be paired largely eliminated.

To create a secure attachment and simultaneous rotation, it is advisable to introduce into the receiving surface of the support member grooves or circumferential folds, which are filled in the injection molding of the material of the sliding element, effect an effective fixation of the sliding element. The sliding element and the carrier component, in particular the flange of the inner ring and the support ring and the pressure ring require a careful choice of materials, taking into account optimal wear and friction properties, cost-effective production and assembly. For the inner ring is preferably provided as a material steel. The structural design allows a non-cutting production, in particular a deep drawing process, with which these components can be produced inexpensively in high batch sizes. To achieve sufficient strength, in particular wear resistance, the flange of the inner ring, at least in the contact area with the support ring is heat treated.

As a material for the support ring and the pressure ring is also suitable steel or a material which allows production by means of an extrusion molding process. Furthermore, these components can be made of suitable other materials that meet the required conditions in terms of wear and friction.

For the sliding element in particular a high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant plastic is preferred, in particular thermoset. This material can be mixed with carbon fiber, MoS ₂ -Anteilen, PTFE additives or epoxy resins, which are introduced together or partially. Such thermosets decisively improve the service life of the sliding element, without detrimentally increasing the production costs. Alternatively, it is advisable to use a slider made of PPA or PA 46, which is also reinforced by additives, such as carbon fiber portions, or can be made friction-reducing with PTFE components.

In addition, the invention includes a slider made of ceramic. This material has a high wear resistance and can be permanently attached to the corresponding support components in conjunction with suitable joining agents or adhesives.

The invention is not limited to the aforementioned materials or material combinations from which the sliding element can be produced. Rather, the invention also includes materials whose properties are suitable in terms of friction and wear behavior and processability for the application of the invention.

According to the invention, a built support ring can be used, which advantageously consists of one of the pre-compression spring of the release ring associated annular flange and a support ring. A suitable combination of materials comprises a ring flange made of steel, which is combined with a support ring made of ceramic. Alternatively, also a one-piece, made exclusively of steel, connected to a sliding pressure ring can be used as well as a made exclusively of thermoset or ceramic pressure ring.

As a pressure ring according to the invention preferably an integrally formed component is provided. In this case, both a massively designed pressure ring, which is made for example by an extrusion molding process, as well as a pressure ring produced without cutting by a deep drawing process. In the installed position, the pressure ring is non-positively supported by means of a plate spring on the flange of the inner ring. To achieve a uniform displacement force, the plate spring is supported on a running perpendicular to an axis of symmetry of the release bearing surface on the pressure ring.

The structure of the release bearing according to the invention further comprises a non-rotating secured to the support ring inner ring. For this purpose, the flange of the inner ring may be provided, for example, with a protruding cam, which engages in the installed position in a manner aligned with the pivoting direction of the release bearing groove of the support ring positively. This measure avoids a rotation of the inner ring relative to the support ring.

The invention further includes a space-optimized release bearing. For this purpose, the inner torsionally rigid arranged bearing ring is designed almost cylindrical. On the bearing ring a non-positively fitting on the support ring flange is attached as a separate component. This structure allows a displacement of the contact region of the spherical cap formed by the support ring and the flange in the direction of the plate spring. Associated with it reduces the axial length of the release bearing.

An advantageous design of the release bearing according to the invention provides that this Kugelkalottensegmente are arranged in the contact region at an angle of ≧ 20 ° to an axis of symmetry of the release bearing. Furthermore, the spherical segment-like shaped components in the area of the contact surface form a radius of ≧ 25 mm.

The invention is also transferable to a release bearing, the only self-adjustment, d. H. allows a displacement of the inner ring relative to the support ring. In contrast, no self-adjustment, in which the entire release bearing moves relative to the crimp ring. This mode of operation is achieved by a play-free guide or arrangement of the support ring on the flared ring.

Brief description of the drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to three figures. Show it:

1 in a half section, an inventive release bearing;

2 a largely with 1 matching release bearing, with a built support ring;

3 a release bearing provided with an integral support ring;

4 a release bearing provided with an additional spherical support ring;

5 a component-optimized release bearing;

6 a release bearing according to 5 with a one-piece inner ring.

Detailed description of the drawings

The structure of a release bearing according to the invention 1 show the 1 , After that is the release bearing 1 with a circumferential outer ring 2 and a torsionally arranged inner ring 3 provided between those in a cage 4 used rolling elements 5 are guided. When installed, the release bearing 1 between one with one in 1 not shown switching disconnect clutch plate spring 6 and one with a likewise in 1 not shown pre-compression spring cooperating support ring 7a arranged. Here is the support ring 7a in a holding element 8th used, at the flange 9 one in 1 not shown pre-compression spring, the mutually by the support ring 7a on the flange 9 is supported. The holding element 8th is on an axially displaceable flare ring 10 positioned, which is snapped in the installed state to a piston which slides on a guide sleeve which surrounds a drive shaft connecting the internal combustion engine with the transmission gear concentrically. The inner ring 3 is over an obliquely inwardly aligned flange 11 on a support ring 7a associated sliding element 12 supported. In a contact area 13 between the inner ring 11 and the slider 12 These components supported against each other form spherical segment segments 14 . 15 , The example made of plastic or a sliding bearing material sliding element 12 allows a low-wear, friction-reducing displacement of the flange 11 and thus the release bearing 1 opposite the support ring 7a , To compensate for expansion stresses is the sliding element 12 at the to the support ring 7a directed side with at least one slot 34 Mistake.

At the of the contact area 13 opposite side is supported on the flange 11 in a contact zone 16 the pressure ring 17a from. The components form a flange 11 and pressure ring 17a in the contact zone 16 also spherical segment segments 18 . 19 , At a right angle to an axis of symmetry 20 the release bearing 1 aligned end face 21 of the pressure ring 17a An inside is supported on a board 23 the crimp ring 10 fixed plate spring 22 from, to achieve a frictional engagement of the flange 11 on the support ring 7a and the flange 9 of the crimp ring 10 ,

The 2 to 6 show variants of the in 1 pictured release bearing 1 , Components that comply with the in 1 pictured release bearing 1 match, are provided with the same reference numerals. The further description refers to the 1 different components in the other variants.

In 2 is the release bearing 1 with the support ring 7b provided, which with a ring flange 24 the holding element 25 forms. The support ring made of a wear-resistant, friction-reducing material 7b at the same time assumes the function of a sliding element. For this purpose, for example, a suitable plastic, such as thermoset be provided, which produced by an injection molding, without rework with the annular flange 24 can be connected. Alternatively, ceramic is also suitable. To achieve a positive connection between the support ring 7b and the annular flange 24 is the support ring 7b with at least one projecting cam 26 provided in a receptacle 27 of the annular flange 24 intervenes. The components of the holding element 25 are preferably non-releasably connected to each other by an adhesive bond. The support ring 7b forms on the inner circumference of an axially projecting approach 28 on which the pressure ring 17b is guided.

In 3 is the release bearing 1 with a one-piece support ring 7c Mistake. The made of ceramic or a suitable plastic, such as thermoset or thermoplastic, at the same time taking over the function of the sliding support ring 7c is the guide sleeve 10 assigned and forms an annular flange 29 for the form spring. The release bearing 1 according to 3 is also with a non-cutting, preferably produced by a deep-drawing process pressure ring 17c provided with a V-shaped cross-sectional profile. At a first, radially oriented leg 30 of the pressure ring 17c is the plate spring 22 supported. The other leg 31 of the pressure ring 17c is frictionally over the contact zone 16 on the one with the inner ring 3 connected flange 11 at. The flange 11 of the inner ring 3 is in the contact area 13 with a cam 32 provided, the form-fitting in a groove 33 engages and thus forms a rotation of the release bearing 1 opposite the support ring 7c ,

The release bearing 1 according to 4 shows an inner bearing ring 35 , with an intermediate ring designed as a separate component 36 on the support ring 7d is applied. These unitized components, the bearing ring 35 and the flange 36 enable a space-optimized release bearing in the axial direction 1 ,

In 5 is the release bearing 1 also with the bearing ring 35 provided on which the intermediate ring 36 is permanently attached. Deviating from 4 is the support ring 7e no crimp ring 10 assigned. This structure requires the release bearing instead of a pre-compression spring 1 non-positively against the diaphragm spring 6 shifts, such as a pre-pressure valve or any other pressure source. By eliminating the crimp ring 10 and the form spring reduces both the component circumference and the space required in the axial direction of the release bearing.

The 6 shows the release bearing 1 according to 5 with a one-piece bearing ring 37 , At the outer ring 2 directed side is the inner bearing ring 37 with a double 38 provided, to which the radially obliquely inwardly facing flange 11 followed. For frictional contact of the flange 11 on the support ring 7f is a designed as a deep-drawn part pressure ring 17d used. An inner cylindrical sleeve section 39 the pressure ring is on the inner periphery of the support ring 7f centered. With an outer, parallel to the sleeve section 39 extending thigh 40 the pressure ring is supported 17d on the flange 11 of the bearing ring 37 from. Here is an end portion of the leg 40 Angled, to achieve a larger contact surface.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

release bearing

2

outer ring

3

inner ring

4

Cage

5

rolling elements

6

Diaphragm spring fingers

7a

support ring

7b

support ring

7c

support ring

7d

support ring

7e

support ring

7f

support ring

8th

retaining element

9

flange

10

Crimped

11

flange

12

Slide

13

contact area

14

Kugelkalottensegment

15

Kugelkalottensegment

16

contact zone

17a

pressure ring

17b

pressure ring

17c

pressure ring

17d

pressure ring

18

Kugelkalottensegment

19

Kugelkalottensegment

20

axis of symmetry

21

front

22

Belleville spring

23

shelf

24

annular flange

25

retaining element

26

cam

27

admission

28

approach

29

annular flange

30

leg

31

leg

32

cam

33

groove

34

slot

35

bearing ring

36

intermediate ring

37

bearing ring

38

duplication

39

sleeve section

40

leg

Claims (24)

Release bearing, preferably used for a switch disconnect clutch used in motor vehicles, consisting of a designed as a Schrägschulterlager bearings that arranged a torsionally rigid Inner ring ( 3 ) and a circumferential outer ring ( 2 ), as well as between both bearing rings guided rolling elements ( 5 ), wherein a spring means connected to the shift disconnect clutch on an annular flange of the outer ring ( 2 ) and to achieve a self-adjusting release bearing ( 1 ) a sloping flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 2 ) on a support ring ( 7a to 7e ) via complementarily shaped spherical cap segments ( 14 . 15 ) in a contact area ( 13 ) are supported non-positively, wherein at least one Kugelkalottensegment ( 14 . 15 ) is designed wear-reducing and friction-reducing, and a pressure ring ( 17a to 17c ) on the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) on the of the support ring ( 7a to 7e ) side facing frictionally rests, wherein the flange ( 11 ) and the pressure ring ( 17a to 17c ) in a contact zone ( 16 ) complementarily shaped spherical cap segments ( 18 . 19 ) form. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the contact region ( 13 ) at least one component, the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) or the support ring ( 7a to 7e ) has a wear-reducing and friction-reducing coating of the surface. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the contact region ( 13 ) between the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) and the support ring ( 7a ) one of these components a separate, a Kugelkalottensegment forming, made of a friction-reducing, wear-resistant material sliding member ( 12 ) assigned. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the contact region ( 13 ) between the pressure ring ( 17 to 17c ) and the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) at least one component has a wear-reducing and friction-reducing coating of the surface, or a designed as Kugelkalottensegment, made of a friction-reducing wear-resistant material sliding element is used. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the sliding element ( 12 ) on an inside or on an outside at least one slot ( 34 ) having. Release bearing according to claim 1, whose sliding element ( 12 ) is produced by an injection molding process. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the sliding element ( 12 ) positively on the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ), the support ring ( 7a ) or the pressure ring ( 17a ) is attached. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the sliding element ( 12 ) is sprayed as a coating directly on a support member. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the sliding element ( 12 ) on the one hand and the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ), the support ring ( 7a ) or the pressure ring ( 17a ) On the other hand made of different materials. Release bearing according to claim 9, in which the sliding element ( 12 ) is made of a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic. Release bearing according to claim 9, wherein the sliding element ( 12 ) is made of ceramic. Release bearing according to claim 1, provided with a built retaining element ( 25 ), comprising a radially aligned annular flange associated with a pre-compression spring ( 24 ), on which directly the support ring ( 7b ) is attached. Release bearing according to claim 12, wherein an annular flange made of steel ( 24 ) with a plastic or ceramic support ring ( 7b ) is combined. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein a one-piece shaped support ring ( 7c ), which simultaneously performs the function of the holding element is made of ceramic or a high-strength plastic. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the integrally formed pressure ring ( 17a . 17b ) by means of a disc spring ( 22 ) frictionally against the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) is supported. Release bearing according to claim 15, wherein the pressure ring ( 17a . 17b ) is designed as a solid injection molded part or extruded part. Release bearing according to claim 1, provided with a non-cutting manufacturable, designed as a deep-drawn part pressure ring ( 17c ). Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the disc spring ( 22 ) at a direction perpendicular to an axis of symmetry ( 20 ) of the release bearing ( 1 ) extending end face ( 21 ) of the pressure ring ( 17a to 17c ) is supported. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) against rotation on the support ring ( 7c ) is present. Release bearing according to claim 19, wherein the flange ( 11 ) of the inner ring ( 3 ) at least one protruding cam ( 32 ) in an installed position in a coincident with a pivoting direction of the release bearing ( 1 ) aligned groove ( 33 ) of the support ring ( 7c ) engages positively. Release bearing according to claim 1, with a torsionally rigid, inner bearing ring ( 35 ) at the one Intermediate ring ( 36 ), which is provided with a spherical segment ( 15 ) on the support ring ( 7e ) is present. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the spherical cap segments ( 14 . 15 ; 18 . 19 ) at an angle of ≧ 20 ° to the axis of symmetry ( 20 ) of the release bearing ( 1 ) are arranged running. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the components, the Kugelkalottensegmente ( 14 . 15 ) have a radius of ≧ 25 mm. Release bearing according to claim 1, wherein the support ring ( 7b ) clearance on the flare ring ( 10 ) is guided.

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