DE10110465B4 - reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

Reactor, with at least one reactor element (15), which has a layer sequence of at least two plate-shaped, having different functional units (20, 30) having a Channel structure having a number of channels (21, 31) each having a Channel inlet (22, 32) and a channel outlet (23, 33), the of at least one flow medium (D) can be flowed through are or flows through with the channels (21, 31) at least one of the plate-shaped functional units (20; 30) coated with at least one reaction material (R) are at or with which the flow medium (D) reacts or reacts can, wherein the reaction material (R) in the channels (21) is provided that the channels (21) about their longitudinal extent (L) areas (40, 41, 42) with different reactivity of the reaction material (R), the channels (21, 31) of the functional units (20, 30) in microstructure technology as microchannels are formed, the width and height in the submillimeter range lies.

Description

The The present invention relates to a reactor and uses for one such a reactor.

Reactors are known in principle and are used in a wide variety of designs for a wide variety of applications. Examples of different reactors are in the DE 41 25 186 A1 , of the DE 698 00 838 T2 , of the DE 691 30 894 T2 , of the EP 0 305 203 B1 or US 55 38 700 A discloses.

A known design variant for reactors provides that this at least one reactor element, which in turn at least one Layer having a channel structure having a number of channels with each having a channel entrance and a channel exit. The individual channels are flowed through by at least one medium or be flows through such a medium. Reactors of said Kind of can For example, be used as a catalytic burner.

Becomes such a reactor operated as a catalytic burner are the channels for example, coated with a catalyst material. If the with the catalyst material coated channels are now flowed through by a medium, takes place in the channels a reaction takes place, which is usually exothermic, so that the reactor the resulting heat for other processes or Consumers available can make.

There the medium the channels usually about their entire longitudinal extent flow through must, come In such known reactors, it often causes problems in catalytic Reactions. If indeed the medium in the catalyst material coated with the channel enters, already in the entrance area of the channel a large part of the catalytic reaction instead. This violent reaction leads to a strong, local heat in the entrance area. In the further Course of the channels weakens the reaction strength more and more, so that about the longitudinal extension of the channels Reaction profile sets, which is very high at the channel inlet and decreases with increasing distance from the channel entrance more and more. A uniform reaction over the whole length of the channels is thus not feasible, so that usually not the entire Channel for the reaction taking place in it can be exploited. Farther The violent reaction in the inlet area of the channel can cause damage lead the reactor in this area.

It There is therefore a need To optimize reactors of the type mentioned in this regard.

In the EP 1 010 462 A1 is a reactor for the catalytic conversion of an Augangstoffs described in which the reactor is formed multi-stage, and in which individual series-connected reactor stages are each formed as a layer sequence of a number of layers with a channel structure. The channels are coated with a catalytic material, so that a gas mixture which flows through the channels, is brought into contact with the catalytic material. In order to reduce a pressure loss occurring in the catalytic reaction and to achieve that a large reaction takes place in the reactor, it is proposed according to this known solution to reduce the overall volume of the entire reactor and at the same time to increase the catalyst volume. This is achieved by the reactor having different reactor stages (reaction zones) with different channel densities. In this case, the channel density increases in the flow direction of the gas mixture, that is seen from the inlet region of the reactor in the direction of the outlet region of the reactor. This is achieved in that the channel cross sections in the respective reaction zones are smaller. However, the production of such a reactor is structurally complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, a uniform flow through the medium through the entire reactor is not guaranteed, since it can come, for example, in the transition between the individual reactor stages to undesirable turbulence of Durchströmmediums. In order to prevent these disadvantages with respect to the flow-through behavior of the medium, corresponding mixing zones are provided in the known reactor between the individual reactor stages. However, these mixing zones lead to an interruption of the entire channel. Furthermore, the fact that each reactor zone has channels with different cross sections, can lead to flow disadvantages.

In DE 25 54 359 A1 and DE 25 42 282 A1 are described monolithic supported catalysts for exhaust gases, each having a honeycomb structure with parallel to the flow direction of the exhaust gases extending channels. The active catalyst phases are applied in thin layers on carriers and have a positive gradient in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. A disadvantage of these catalysts, however, is that they are large reactors whose technology can not be easily transferred to smaller sized applications.

In the DE 35 22 095 A1 Finally, a device for treating flowing media is described, which consists of a plurality of individual elements. Every single element has a reason plate with ribs, wherein between the ribs channels are formed. The individual elements are assembled to the device by these are arranged side by side, one above the other or in succession.

outgoing Of the cited prior art, the present invention the task of providing a reactor with which the in the In view of the prior art described disadvantages effectively be prevented, wherein a reactor is to be created, the nevertheless structurally simple design optimum reaction properties has and uses for the Specify reactor.

These Task is solved through the reactor according to claim 1 and the uses according to the invention according to claim 9, 10, 11 and 12.

embodiments The invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. Further Advantages, aspects, details and effects of the invention emerge the description as well as the drawings. Features and Details of Invention, in connection with the reactor according to the invention are also applicable to the uses according to the invention, and vice versa.

Of the The invention is based on the finding that the reaction profile of a in the channels located reaction material is adjusted so that the reactions one the channels flowing through Medium targeted with the reaction material in each area of the channels can be controlled.

According to the first Aspect of the invention, a reactor is provided with at least a reactor element having a layer sequence of at least two plate-shaped, having different functional units having a channel structure comprising a number of channels each having a channel and a channel outlet, the at least one Durchströmmedium flow through are or flows through be, with the channels at least one of the plate-shaped functional units coated with at least one reaction material are at or with which the flow medium reacts or reacts can, wherein the reaction material provided in the channels so is that the Channels over their longitudinal extension Have regions with different reactivity of the reaction material, the channels the functional units in microstructure technology designed as microchannels are whose width and height are in Submillimeter range is.

By the reactor according to the invention is a targeted reaction management within the channels possible. Especially it is with the reactor according to the invention possible, that about the entire channel length an adjustable reaction profile of the reaction material occurs.

To is in the channels first provided at least one reaction material. The reaction material has the property that it with the throughflow medium flowing through the channels can react or react. The invention is not on certain reaction materials or Durchströmmedien limited. The only important thing is that the Durchströmmedium and the reaction material are matched to one another such that the flow-through medium react on or with the reaction material.

One The basic idea of the invention consists in the fact that the reaction material in a special way is provided within the channels. Is to the reaction material is not evenly distributed in the channels, but in a way that channels over theirs longitudinal extension Have areas with different reactivity of the reaction material. For example, the known from the prior art disadvantageous Effect can be avoided in the Entry area of the channels one very strong reaction takes place and that the reaction strength in the further Course of the channels decreasing more and more.

Thereby, that about the Longitudinal extent of channels different areas with different reactivity of the reaction material are provided, can be set the reaction in each area of the channels in a targeted and defined way. Thus, for example, a uniform reaction, that is a possible constant reaction profile and / or reactivity profile over the entire length of the Realized channels become. Likewise Reactions with any reaction profile and / or reactivity profile be realized, for example, with linear, curvy, staged Profile or the like. Naturally the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned.

On This way can also be the reaction between the reaction material and the flow medium in every area of the channels be set specifically, so that ultimately a defined Reaction profile and / or reactivity profile of the reaction material over the entire longitudinal extent of channels arises.

As "longitudinal extent" of the channels is the extent of the channels of their entrance Rich understood to its exit area. The term "reactivity" of the reaction material is understood to mean the strength of the reaction between the reaction material and the flow-through medium. If the channels have regions with different reactivity of the reaction material over their longitudinal extent, this means that the reactions in the different regions of the channels have different reactions and / or The invention is not limited to certain ways in which such regions with different reactivity of the reaction material can be produced Some non-limiting examples will be further elucidated in the further course of the description and the invention is not based on the subdivision of the channels For example, the ranges may be selected to give a discrete or continuous reactivity profile of the reaction material Ranges with different reactivity of the reaction material rather depends on the field of use of the reactor and on the desired reaction profile of the flow-through medium or with the reaction material.

According to the invention the reactor at least one reactor element, which in turn at least has a functional unit with a channel structure. there each form such channels a functional unit, each having the same function in the reactor to have. To do this the channels of the individual functional units not necessarily in one plane lie. A similar function is given, for example, if the channels of the same or similar media, such as starting products, individual reactants, which are then mixed or the like, flows through if the channels are consistent constructive Characteristics, such as in size and shape or if in the channels in each case the same reaction takes place. These examples are obvious purely exemplary nature and serve only for clarity the term "functional Unit ", so that the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned.

Of the inventive reactor is for a particularly simple and therefore inexpensive to produce and can be universally used on the other hand. The present Invention is thus not limited to certain applications and designs for the reactor limited. In the examples explained in the description acts Thus, it is only to non - exclusive, the scope of the Invention not limiting embodiments.

Farther is not the reactor of the invention to a particular embodiment or arrangement of the channels in the limited to individual functional units. Rather, the channel structure can be any have any dimensioning. In particular, the individual channels can each any size and cross-sectional shape exhibit. In this way can be the reactor according to the invention in a very simple and effective way to every possible application to adjust.

Advantageous can in the channels be provided more than one reaction material, wherein the channel regions with different reactivity the reaction material at least partially by different reaction materials are formed. In this case, the areas with different Reactivity of the Reaction material created within the channels so that in the respective areas are different reaction materials. The selection of the individual reaction materials results as needed and application for the reactor.

As well is conceivable that in at least individual areas each more than one reaction material is provided, wherein the reaction materials, for example, in different mixing ratios and / or concentrations may be present.

Also it is conceivable that the / Reaction material (ien) within the channels over the longitudinal extent of a concentration profile has / have. In this case, areas with different Reactivity the reaction material within the channels created by the fact that the reaction material in different areas each with a different Concentration is present. In such a case, for example a single reaction material can be used within the channels.

The Concentration profile may vary depending on the application be educated.

So For example, is it conceivable that the concentration profile of the reaction material is formed in such a way that in the area the channel entry reaction material with a lower concentration than is provided in the region of Kanalausttritts. In this case, done an increase in the concentration of the reaction material over the longitudinal extension of the channels. The advantage of such a concentration profile should be based on a not exclusive Example explained become.

If, as is known from the prior art, the channels were uniformly provided with reaction material over their entire longitudinal extent, for example, this would lead to a reaction profile which would form in the inlet region of the channels shows very strong reaction, which weakens more and more in the further course of the channels. This adjusts itself over the longitudinal extent of the channels, a reaction profile, which is very high at the channel inlet and decreases more and more with increasing distance from the channel entrance. Now, if the reaction material is provided within the channels in a concentration profile as described above, thereby a uniform reaction, that is, a constant as possible reaction profile over the entire length of the channels can be realized. Namely, if the reaction material is present in the entry region of the channels with low concentration, this also leads to a low reactivity of the reaction material. In the further course of the channels, that is in the direction of increasing longitudinal extent of the channels, then the concentration of the reaction material can be increased, whereby the reactivity of the reaction material is increased in these areas of the channels. As a result, for example, a uniform reaction over the entire longitudinal extent of the channels can be generated, since, for example, the amount of convertible Durchströmmediums over the longitudinal extent of the channels decreases more and more, while the reactivity of the reaction material over the longitudinal extent of the channels increases more and more.

Advantageous the concentration profile can be a linear, curved or stepped course exhibit. However, the invention is not limited to the examples mentioned for concentration profiles limited, so basically every Form for the concentration profile possible is. The design of the concentration profile is ever as needed and application for the reactor. Of course it is also conceivable that several Concentration profile types are provided within a channel.

According to the invention channels coated with the reaction material. In this case, areas can different reactivity of the reaction material within the channels can be realized thereby that the channels are coated differently in different areas. It can also such variants are realized, in which individual ranges the channels at all not coated with reaction material. The different ones Coating the channels can, for example, as described above, on various Concentration profiles take place. Likewise, the generation of areas with different reactivity the reaction material also over Coating the channels done with different reaction materials.

ever according to size of the channels can the reaction material but also provided as bulk material within the channels be.

Preferably For example, the reaction material may be a catalytic material. Under The term "reactivity" then becomes the activity of the catalyst material understood, which is the conversion rate of Durchströmmediums on the catalyst. If the channels over their longitudinal extent areas with different activity of the catalyst material, this means that in the Different areas of the channels have different conversion rates occur.

According to the invention the reactor element further comprises at least a second functional one Unit with a channel structure containing a number of channels with each having a channel entrance and a channel exit, the can be flowed through by at least one medium or flowed through.

On this way you can Reactors are created in which, for example, a heat exchange can take place. These are the two or more functional units Advantageously interconnected in such a way that between the individual channels the respective functional units heat exchange can take place. Likewise, are design options feasible, in which a mass exchange can take place. To the two or more functional units are beneficial in one Way interconnected, that between the individual channels the respective functional units take place a mass exchange can, for example, over a membrane, suitable compounds or the like. It is the invention is not limited to a certain number of functional units limited per reactor element.

Advantageous can the channels the first and second functional units and optionally each other functional unit in cross-flow design, in parallel current design or be aligned at an angle to each other.

Advantageous can be provided that the channels of the first functional unit are coated with a reaction material, while the channels of second functional unit not coated with reaction material are. In such a case, the reactor may be used as a heat exchanger be used. The functional unit provided with the coated channels can act as a catalytic burner, for example, while the channels the second functional unit of a to be heated Medium flows through become.

In another embodiment, for example, the channels of both functional units may be coated with a suitable reaction material. In such a case, the reactor may function as a reformer, for example. The general functioning of a reformer is related to the uses of the reactor according to the invention explained in more detail below.

According to the invention at least two functional units as a layer sequence of at least two layers formed, with at least a first layer, which has a number of channels and at least one second layer having a number of channels.

The functional units of the at least one reactor element According to the invention plate-shaped, the channels are provided within the plates or on the plates. The production such a plate-shaped Structure can be done in a variety of ways. For example, but not exclusively, can such structures are made by first making a plate is, in which the channels subsequently introduced, for example milled be. Such a design is useful, for example, if the reactor elements in terms of area small are. For larger reactors For example, it may be advantageous to use the plate-shaped structure manufacture such that first a base plate is made, then applied to the individual channel walls, for example, welded or the like.

According to the invention Reactor finally too formed as a microreactor, wherein the channels of the at least one functional Unit are each formed in microstructure technology. By the design in microtechnology is achieved that on the smallest Room a big one Number of microchannels present, their width and height lies in the submillimeter range. In this way, such Reactors over high specific internal surfaces, that is about one high ratio to channel surface too Channel volume. Furthermore, have microreactors, as the name suggests already stated, with only minimal space requirement on a very high performance.

Advantageous For example, the reactor may have two or more reactor elements. These Reactor elements can for example, be connected in series. It is also conceivable that the individual reactor elements on top of each other, for example, sandwiched, are arranged. The appropriate linkage of individual reactor elements within the reactor results depending as needed and application, for example, according to the available Space and / or the application of the reactor.

Preferably the reactor can be designed as a single-stage reactor. Such a Reactor is particularly simple and therefore inexpensive to produce. Especially can the disadvantages described in the prior art, the arise in connection with the connection of several reactor stages, be avoided.

Of the The reactor of the invention as described above is not specific uses limited. Hereinafter, some non-exclusive examples will be described. as the reactor can be used advantageously.

Especially may be a reactor according to the invention as described above be used as a reactor in the exothermic and / or endothermic Reactions take place. By the fact that the channels over their longitudinal extent ranges with different reactivity of the reaction material can be a substantially homogeneous Reaction profile over the entire channel length be generated.

For example may be a reactor according to the invention as described above as a heat exchanger and / or catalytic burner and / or reformer and / or reactor used for partial oxidation. Of course, there are other uses conceivable. This can be reforming reactors both areas with exothermic reactions as well as areas with have endothermic reactions. Likewise, reformers are for the endothermic Reforming feasible, for example reformer for steam reforming.

Advantageous may be a reactor according to the invention as described above, in particular in the previously described preferred uses, be used in a fuel cell system.

fuel cells have been known for a long time and have particular in the field The automotive industry has become significantly more important in recent years won. Similar Like battery systems, fuel cells generate electrical energy by chemical routes, with the individual reactants being continuous supplied and the reaction products are continuously removed. It lies the Fuel cell based on the operation that electrically neutral molecules or combine atoms while exchanging electrons. This process is called the redox process. At the fuel cell The oxidation and reduction processes are spatially separated via a membrane. Such Membranes have the property of exchanging ions, but gases withhold. The emitted during the reduction of electrons can be as electrical Conducting electricity through a consumer, such as the electric motor an automobile.

When gaseous Reaction partner for For example, the fuel cell becomes hydrogen as fuel and oxygen used as the oxidizing agent. Do you want the fuel cell with a readily available or easily stored fuel such as natural gas, methanol, gasoline or the like, one must the hydrocarbon in a generating / processing arrangement a fuel at first convert to a hydrogen-rich gas. For some of the in the Arrangement for generating / processing the fuel used components For example, these are reactors, such as evaporators. Reformers, catalytic burners and the like. The evaporator has the task, the starting material for the fuel first to evaporate before this in the vapor state to further Preparation in the next Reactor element, or the next reactor, for example a reformer is initiated. Used for individual reactions in reactor elements or reactors heat needed can this heat for example about a catalytic burner, a heat exchanger or the like to disposal be put. All of the aforementioned reactor elements or Reactors can in the form of a reactor according to the invention as described above be educated.

The The invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments closer to the enclosed drawing explained. It shows:

1 in a schematic, perspective view of a reactor with a reactor element _; which has two functional units with a layered structure;

2 the channel structure of a reactor according to the prior art, wherein

2a schematically the channel structure itself and

2 B represents the temperature profile over the longitudinal extent of the channel structure; and

3 the channel structure of a reactor according to the invention, wherein

3a the channel structure itself, the

3b . 3c . 3d different concentration profiles of reaction material within the channel structure and

3e represent a temperature profile over the longitudinal extent of the channel structure.

In 1 is a reactor 10 represented, which is formed in microstructure technology and the reactor element 15 having. The reactor element 15 in turn, consists of two functional units 20 . 30 with channel structure. The two functional units 20 . 30 are formed as a layer sequence of at least two layers, with at least one first layer 20 containing a number of channels 21 and having at least a second layer 30 containing a number of channels 31 having.

Each of the channels 21 . 31 each has a channel entry 22 . 32 as well as a channel exit 23 . 33 ,

In the individual channels 21 . 31 in each case a reaction material R is provided. In the present embodiment, the channels 21 . 31 , or their channel walls at least partially coated with the reaction material R.

Continue to be the channels 21 . 31 flows through by a flow medium D, in the flow direction S at the respective channel entries 22 . 32 into the channels 21 . 31 enters and at the channel exits 23 . 33 from the channels 21 . 31 exits again. The flow-through medium D is selected such that it is on or with the reaction material R within the channels 21 . 31 can react.

The in 1 represented reactor 10 acts, for example, as a reformer and is ausaebildet in the example in parallel flow design. This can be the functional unit 20 For example, act as a catalytic burner. The flow-through medium D reacts within the channels 21 exothermic on the reaction material R, which in this case is a catalyst material. Heat is released during the reaction. This heat can now be used for corresponding reactions in the functional unit 30 be used, such as when the reaction in the channels 31 runs endothermic and consequently heat must be supplied. Since it is the reactor 10 to be a reformer, run in the functional unit 30 appropriate reforming processes, where the channels 31 flowing through D on or with the reaction material R within the channels 31 responding. If heat is needed for this reaction, it will be transformed into a functional unit via catalytic combustion 20 provided.

In order to illustrate the invention, only the functional unit functioning as a catalytic burner will be described below 20 considered.

In 2 First, the channel structure of a known from the prior art, functioning as a catalytic burner functional unit 20 shown. For clarification is only one channel 21 shown, via the channel entrance 22 a Durchströmmedium D in the channel 21 enters, the canal 21 in the flow direction S, that is in the direction of the longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 , flows through and finally on the channel exit 23 from the channel 21 exit. The channel 21 should be coated with a reaction material R for the Durchströmmedium D, wherein the reaction material R is a catalyst material is uniform over the entire channel 21 is distributed ( 2a ).

Such a configuration of the catalytic burner 20 however, leads to problems in the implementation of the catalytic reactions. Namely, when the Durchströmmedium D in the coated with the catalyst material R channel 21 enters, already found in the entrance area of the canal 21 , that is, in the area just behind the channel entrance 22 Much of the reaction, in this case the catalytic reaction, takes place. This violent reaction leads to a strong, local heat development in the entrance area. This is also the course of the temperature profile T in 2 B to recognize. In the further course of the channel 21 that is, with increasing longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 , the reaction strength weakens more and more, so that over the longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 adjusts a reaction profile, which at the channel entrance 22 is very high and with increasing distance from the channel entrance 22 , ie in the direction of the channel exit 23 , more and more decreases. Because the functional unit 20 As a catalytic burner works, therefore, also sets up a corresponding temperature profile, as in 2 B is shown. It is clear that a uniform reaction, or a homogeneous temperature distribution over the entire longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 thus not realizable, so that usually not the entire channel 21 can be exploited for heat transfer. Furthermore, the channel 21 may be damaged by the violent reaction in the entry area.

In order to avoid these disadvantages, the reaction profile of the reaction material R, or of the catalyst material within the channel, is now according to the invention 21 modified like this from the 3 is apparent. In 3a is again a single channel 21 , the functional unit functioning as a catalytic burner 20 shown. As with 2a the flow-through medium D enters the channel inlet 22 in the channel 21 flows through this along the longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 in the flow direction S and then passes through the channel outlet 23 out of the canal. The channel 21 is in turn coated with a reaction material, or catalyst material, R, on which or with which the flow-through medium D reacts.

Unlike the off 2 shown and known from the prior art embodiment, the catalyst material R is now in the channel 21 provided that the channel 21 over its longitudinal extent L areas 40 . 41 . 42 having different activity of the catalyst material R has. In the present embodiment, a total of three such areas are shown, but the invention is not limited to a certain number of channel areas. The embodiment of the invention now creates the possibility that within the channel 21 over its entire longitudinal extent L a specifically adjustable, for example, a substantially uniform, reaction profile occurs.

For this purpose, it is provided that the concentration of the catalyst material R over the longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 varied. In this case, the concentration of the catalyst material R in the inlet region 40 of the canal 21 be lower than in its exit area 42 , To accomplish this, the catalyst material R is having a concentration profile K within the channel 21 provided, with three non-exclusive examples of suitable concentration profiles K in the 3b . 3c and 3d are shown. It shows 3b a linearly increasing concentration profile K, during 3c represents a curved course of the concentration profile K. In 3d Finally, a step-shaped course of the concentration profile K is shown.

Now if the Durchströmmedium D via the channel inlet 22 in the entrance area 40 of the canal 21 occurs, it encounters an area in which the catalyst material R is present at a relatively low concentration. A violent reaction of the Durchströmmediums D or with the catalyst material R already in the inlet region 40 , as in the known from the prior art solution according to 2 was known, can be avoided in this case. Due to the relatively low concentration of catalyst material R in the inlet area 40 of the canal 21 first reacts a small portion of the flow medium D on or with the catalyst material R. With increasing distance from the channel inlet 22 takes the concentration K of the catalyst material R within the channel 21 to. Furthermore, the amount of the unreacted Durchströmmediums D decreases with increasing distance from the channel inlet in the reverse manner 22 from. By a suitable selection of the concentration profile K and thus the activity of the catalyst material R within the individual channel regions 40 . 41 . 42 can thus be achieved that over the entire longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 always a desired reaction strength between Durchströmmedium D and catalyst material R occurs.

If the functional unit 20 as katalyti can be used, this can mean that the most homogeneous reaction profile over the entire longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 is generated, so that as homogeneous a temperature profile T over the entire longitudinal extent L of the channel 21 arises, as in 3e is shown. By selecting a suitable concentration profile K, such a homogeneous temperature profile T can be realized.

By the present invention, it is thus possible to constructively simple and thus cost-effective manner a reactor 10 to create, in which the reaction of a Durchströmmediums D on or with the reaction material R within a channel in the form of a specifically adjustable, defined reaction profile runs. In this case, the reactor 10 be particularly advantageous as a single-stage reactor.

10

reactor

15

reactor element

20

functional unit

21

channel

22

channel entry

23

channel exit

30

functional unit

31

channel

32

channel entry

33

channel exit

40

Area different reactivity the reaction medium

41

Area different reactivity the reaction medium

42

Area different reactivity the reaction medium

D

Durchströmmedium

S

flow direction the flow medium

R

reaction material (for example, catalyst material)

L

longitudinal extension of the channels

T

temperature profile in the canal

K

concentration profile of the reaction material

Claims (12)

Reactor with at least one reactor element ( 15 ), which comprises a layer sequence of at least two plate-shaped, differently functional units ( 20 . 30 ) having a channel structure comprising a number of channels ( 21 . 31 ) each with a channel entry ( 22 . 32 ) and a channel exit ( 23 . 33 ), which can be traversed or flowed through by at least one flow-through medium (D), wherein the channels ( 21 . 31 ) at least one of the plate-shaped functional units ( 20 ; 30 ) are coated with at least one reaction material (R) at or with which the flow-through medium (D) can react or react, the reaction material (R) thus being in the channels ( 21 ) is provided that the channels ( 21 ) over their longitudinal extent (L) areas ( 40 . 41 . 42 ) with different reactivity of the reaction material (R), wherein the channels ( 21 . 31 ) of the functional units ( 20 . 30 ) are formed in microstructure technology as microchannels whose width and height is in the submillimeter range. Reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the channels 21 more than one reaction material (R) is provided and that the channel regions ( 40 . 41 . 42 ) are formed with different reactivity of the reaction material (R) at least partially by different reaction materials. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction material (s) (R) within the channels ( 21 ) over the longitudinal extent (L) has a concentration profile (K) / have. Reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that the concentration profile (K) of the reaction material (R) is formed in such a way that in the region ( 40 ) of the channel entry ( 22 ) Reaction material (R) with a lower concentration than in the range ( 42 ) of the channel outlet ( 23 ) is provided. Reactor according to claim 3 or 4, characterized that the concentration profile (K) is a linear, curved or stepped course having. Reactor according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized the reaction material (R) is a catalytic material. Reactor according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that this two or more reactor elements ( 15 ) having. Reactor according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that this as a single-stage reactor ( 10 ) is trained. Use of a reactor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8 as a reactor, run in the exothermic reactions. Use of a reactor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8 as a reactor in which run endothermic reactions. Use of a reactor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8 or according to claim 9 or 10 as a heat exchanger and / or catalytic burner and / or reformer and / or reactor for partial Oxidation. Use of a reactor ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8 or according to one of claims 9 to 11 in a fuel cell system.