DE10102712A1 - Jointing method for two overlapping metal plates uses auxiliary jointing part formed into panels by upper and lower tools - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for mechanical joining without a pre-hole of at least partially overlapping components, in particular metal sheets, using an auxiliary joining part, this auxiliary joining part being provided by an upper and lower tool with an axial feed movement which is superimposed on a wobbling movement of the upper tool. is molded into the parts to be connected in such a way that in the connection area of these plate-shaped components, a positive and / or material connection formed under plastic deformation is formed.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for mechanically joining at least partially stacked plate-shaped components, in particular of Sheets, and a device for joining at least two plate-shaped construction divide. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and a device device, in which at least two components by means of plastic deformation of the same Auxiliary joining parts, in particular full rivets, are connected to one another.

In the sheet metal processing industry, individual parts are made by the manufacturing process mechanical joining technology. The invention relates to the field mechanical joining technology that does not require a pre-hole. Especially in the In the automotive industry, these inexpensive processes are used in mass production puts.

Methods and devices for connecting themselves are known from the prior art overlapping, in particular plate-shaped, components without forming a pre-hole known as joining step, the joining connection between the components either with With the help of an auxiliary joining part, in particular punch rivets with semi-tubular rivets or full rivets or through the so-called clinching or clinching without a corresponding auxiliary joint partially reached.

In both methods, an overlap area of the components between a star pel and a matrix arranged. This stamp is then in the joining area of the the components pressed in with high force, whereby both components plastically deform. The die is designed so that a deformation of the two components in the joint area takes place in such a way that undercut areas between the components form. This formation of the undercut areas is caused by a wobble favor of the stamp around its longitudinal axis.

When using an auxiliary joining part, this already has undercut parts reach up and it is enclosed by the two components in the joining area, though  the auxiliary joining part is pressed into the components by the stamp and these become plastically deform.

In these known methods, the stamping force from one side applied to both components and the die is used on the opposite side to support this joining force.

In the known punch rivets with full rivets, the auxiliary joining part is made with a straight line Movement without a pre-hole is added to the sheets to be joined, the opposite side is formed by a hollow die and creates several slugs as waste. The auxiliary joining part is hardened and takes over the function of the cutting star during cutting pels and is not deformed in the joining process.

In the known tumbling punch rivets with a semi-hollow rivet (DE 199 27 103) this is Auxiliary joining part with a straight and tumbling movement without a pilot hole in the joining sheet metal joined, the opposite side being formed by a die and there is no waste. The auxiliary joining part is deformed during the joining and forms in the process the undercut.

In the known wobble rabbit (DE 199 45 743) is by the stamp with a ge straight and tumbling movement without a pilot hole an undercut in the ver binding sheets formed, the opposite side is formed by a die and there is no waste.

In the known Tox rivet rabbit (DE 199 13 695), an auxiliary joining part with a straight linear movement without a pre-hole in the sheets to be joined, the counter side is formed by a die and there is no waste.

These procedures can be used when both sides are connected Components are accessible to arrange both the punch and the die accordingly. Since the stamp must be aligned with the die, so-called C-arms are used as Tool frames used to position the punch and die against each other.  

So-called 'hydroforming' is also known from the prior art. At the Components, in particular pipes or the like, are hydroformed in a mold arranged, and the inner surface of these components with a relatively high pressure beat. This causes the component to deform plastically and comes into contact with one Molding surface of the mold. For example, a is used as the print medium High pressure fluid used.

In the described method of punch riveting with solid rivets, high forces are required Untitled. These high joining forces place great demands on the management of the tools ge. Due to these high tool and tool rack loads, the An limited use in high-strength sheet metal. In addition, for the predominantly as Tool frame used C-bracket the throat and thus the applicability of the Process limited.

Furthermore, punch riveting with full rivets is very disadvantageous in that, firstly, waste in the form of several slugs per connection, which increases the process reliability of the subsequent manufacturing steps, and secondly, the sheet metal on the die side often clamp on the die with the consequence of die wear and breakage; and third tens, the auxiliary joining part is complicated and expensive to manufacture.

The Tox rivet rabbit also has to use high forces.

There are white for punch rivets with solid rivets as well as for Tox rivet rabbits terhin the disadvantages that both extensive coaxiality requirements between Stem pel and matrix must be met, as well as the need to sort the There are auxiliary joining parts with respect to the top and bottom, and thus a complex auxiliary parts feed must be realized.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a method for joining mindes At least two components without a pilot hole using an auxiliary joining part, in particular a wobble rivet, and a device for joining two components of the type mentioned Specify what primarily reduces the forces to be applied during joining can.  

Furthermore, waste from the punching process is avoided in the present method the.

Furthermore, complicated counter tools are avoided, in which it leads to Blechver clamps and associated die wear and breakage can occur. This significantly reduces acquisition and operating costs.

Furthermore, the need for sorting the auxiliary joining parts before feeding them to Processing machine based on the embodiment presented according to the invention the auxiliary joining parts, in particular wobble rivets, avoided.

According to a first aspect, this object is achieved according to the invention by a Method with the features of claim 1.

Furthermore, this object is achieved according to the device aspect according to the invention by a device with the features of claim 11.

Preferred developments of the subject matter of the invention are in the subclaims explained.

The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the associated drawings described and explained in more detail. In the drawings shows:

Fig. 1 device and plate-shaped components before the preparation of the compound

Fig. 2 device and plate-shaped components in an intermediate stage currency rend the preparation of the compound

Fig. 3 device, as well as plate-shaped components after manufacture of the Ver bond,

Fig. 3a device and plate-shaped components after production of the bond Ver at a special embodiment of the blank holder of the Oberwerkzeu ges,

Fig. 4 device and plate-shaped components after the production of the United connection with a special design of the lower tool, and

Fig. 5 shows a possible embodiment of the auxiliary joining part.

An exemplary embodiment is explained with reference to FIG. 1. In Fig. 1 a section of the joining device is shown. This joining device has an upper tool consisting of a punch 6 and a hold-down 5 and a lower tool 4 as a counter tool to the upper tool. Both tools are only shown in sections, ie not completely.

For joining (connecting) the two components 2 , 3 , an auxiliary joining part 1 , in particular a wobble rivet, is shown in FIG. 1. A possible embodiment of this full rivet is presented in FIG. 5. The tumbled solid rivet shown is characterized in that, according to the invention, not only simple rotational symmetry with respect to the longitudinal axis 16 is present, but also a mirror symmetry on the central orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis 16 , which eliminates the need for presorting the rivets.

The undercut on the surface line of the rivet 14 by the concave large radius enables the rivet to be securely embedded in the connection.

The transitions 15 of the end faces 13 to the surface line of the rivet 14 are described by at least two chamfers. In a further embodiment of the rivet, the water transition 15 is described by a drag curve.

This drag curve, also called trac-trix, starts with the known tangential transition at the surface line of the rivet 14 with the value X; see Fig. 5. It then runs asymptotically on the rivet face to the center. The curve parameters depend on the application. In an application example, the value X can correspond to 1 mm.

In both designs, the plastic flow of the repressed material fes of the plate-shaped components supported.

The auxiliary joining part 1 retains its shape during the joining process according to the invention, in essence.

In Fig. 1, the starting position 2 is shown, in which the auxiliary joining part 1 in the drawing above superposed two plate-shaped components, in particular Ble Chen, 3 is positioned, which in turn abut the present invention preferably flat counter tool 4.

These plate-shaped components 2 , 3 are clamped by a hold-down 5 . This hold-down 5 has an opening angle 5 a upwards. A punch 6 is arranged in this opening.

This assembly die 6 is at the intersection between Nietlängsachse 16 and the longitudinal axis of the punch 6 freely rotationally in the opening 5 a swivel to allow the swash erfindungsge Permitted movement of the punch. 6

In the method, the wobbling movement of the punch 6 is superimposed on the axial feed movement for joining the solid rivet.

According to the invention, this wobble movement itself can be carried out either during the whole Joining process or only during part of the joining process of the axia len feed motion be superimposed.

While the punch 6 executes this wobble movement, the process force is superimposed with a variable additional force dependent on the wobble movement.

During the migration of the contact surface formed between the end face of the plunger 6 b and the end face of the auxiliary joining part 13 from the center of the rivet to the outside, this additional force is added to the process force and during the migration of this surface from the outside in, the process force is reduced by this.

The material of the plate-shaped components 2 , 3 is partially deformed by the wobble movement, so that the process forces decrease significantly as described.

In addition, this variable additional force makes the desired material flow radially from supported inside out.

According to the invention, a device which can be controlled as a function of the wobble position of the punch 6 is preferably provided on the counter tool 4 for applying this variable additional force to the process.

In a further embodiment, the device for loading the Process with this variable additional force on the side of the upper tool introduced.

Mechanical, electromagnetic, are suitable in all of the exemplary embodiments mentioned cal or piezo-electric devices that relate to the generation of the cyclic Additional force can be precisely controlled.

The counter tool 4 is vorzugwei se flat on the contact surface of the plate-shaped components.

In a further embodiment, a fixed die is used as a counter tool. Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 shows the case of a counter tool 4 with a recess and lifting bevel 11 , which is in the range from 0 ° to 5 °.

Also in another embodiment, a movable die is used as a Ge gene tool used.

Through the recess of the die, the bulge 8 resulting from the material flow can be shaped and aesthetically enhanced. Likewise, other features of the joint, such as special connectors, can be formed.

There is also the possibility of the geometry of the recess To influence the material flow and thus to optimize the strength of the joining point ren.

When using a flat counter tool 4 , depending on the size of the force exerted on the holding-down device 5 , a bulge with the lower bulge dimension 8 is formed in the lower plate. If the material accumulation on the stem side of the sheets 2 take place, the hold-down 5 is provided with a recess 12 and applied with a higher force.

As shown in Fig. 3a, there is then the formation of a curvature in the upper area with the upper arch dimension 8 a. If the hold-down forces are sufficiently high, if a curvature 8 a is permitted in the upper plate, the curvature in the lower plate 8 can be completely suppressed.

Fig. 2 shows an intermediate state of the joining process, in which the rivet 1 has already penetrated a little into the metal sheets 2 , 3 . The rivet 1 is pressed by the described axial feed movement of the punch 6 , which is also a wobble movement also described with the constant or variable wobble angle 6 a, pressed into the sheet metal. The material is displaced by the rivet 1 . An undercut 7 has not yet been formed.

In Fig. 3, the final state of the joining process is depicted. The material in the sheet Chen 2 , 3 is displaced by the rivet 1 so that an undercut 7 between rule's upper and lower sheet 2 , 3 forms . This undercut creates a positive connection between the plate-shaped components 2 , 3 .

The auxiliary joining part 1 essentially retains its shape during this joining process.

Because of the process described, it may depend on the ones used Materials and the process forces and temperatures used in addition to Formation of the described positive connection also to a material connection come.  

The auxiliary joining part does not penetrate the plate 2 arranged at the top in the drawing. A residual layer remains between the auxiliary joining part 1 and the plate 3 arranged at the bottom in the drawing. The auxiliary joining part 1 is therefore at least in the connection area even after completion of the joining process only with one of the two plattenför shaped components 2 in contact.

The undercut 7 formed by this joining process, together with the remaining bottom thickness 9 and the neck thickness 10, influences the strength of the joining point. Through the interaction of the process parameters described, in particular joining force, type and duration of the wobble movement and the geometries of plate-shaped components 2 , 3 , wobble rivet 6 and counter tool 4 , these variables can be influenced in a targeted manner.

In the foregoing, there is a method of connecting itself at least partially overlapping plate-shaped components, in particular sheets, in one mechanical joining process without pre-hole with the help of an auxiliary joining part, presented. The Auxiliary joining part is made by an upper and lower tool in an axial feed movement supply, which is superimposed on a wobble movement of the upper tool, into the connecting parts molded that in the connection area of this plate-shaped construction parts a form-fitting and / or material-fitting connection formed under plastic deformation is trained. The connection area of the positive and / or integral Ver Binding has at least one undercut from the material of this plate-shaped components.

The auxiliary joining part is at least in the connection area even after completion of the joining only in contact with one of the two plate-shaped components.

The auxiliary joining part essentially keeps its shape during the joining process. The Tumbling movement of the described stamp in the upper tool is either selected During the entire joining process or only during part of the joining superimposed on the process of the feed movement.

A variable door depending on the wobble movement of the punch in the upper tool set power is superimposed on the process power, whereby this variable additional power increases with increasing  Swash angle can assume a larger value and with decreasing angle can be reduced to a smaller value.

This additional force can either be via the upper tool or through the lower unit stuff are applied.

The one from the hold-down device that holds the components to be connected during the joining process fixed, applied hold-down force is freely selectable, which influences the Material flow in the direction of the upper or lower tool is made possible.

In the preceding statements, a device is presented that in particular to carry out the method presented above according to claim 1 and the corresponding corresponding subclaims, consisting of an upper tool, a lower tool and an auxiliary joining part. This device is characterized by an egg ne wobble and axial feed movement performing stamp as part of the Upper tool in engagement with a substantially non-deformable auxiliary joining part and the Un arranged on the opposite side of the sheets to be joined terwerkzeug.

The end face of the stamp has a larger diameter than the diameter the corresponding face of the auxiliary joining part.

The hold-down, as part of the upper tool, can have a recess on the have the plate-shaped components facing the end face for receiving of process-displaced material is provided.

The auxiliary joining part is preferably designed as a full rivet.

This full rivet is made of hardened steel, concave in the middle part on the outer surface formed and has at least on one of the end faces a transition from the forehead surfaces to the jacket in the form of a drag curve or at least two chamfers. The Rivet is symmetrical with respect to a central orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis is and thus has a further, second symmetry in addition to the rotational symmetry.  

The counter tool to generate the necessary counterforce is either in the we substantial rigidly connected to a tool frame or movably mounted.

The counter tool to generate the necessary counterforce is either in the we Substantially flat, or has a recess with a draft bevel, which the Form according to either a conventional fixed matrix or as a divided and movably mounted die is executed.

The variable additional force depending on the wobble movement depending on the Tumble position is indicated by a mechanical, electromagnetic or piezoelectric driven device formed.  

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Auxiliary joining part

2

Stamp-side sheet

3

Counter tool side sheet

4

counter-tool

5

down device

5

a hold-down slope

6

stamp

6

a stamp swivel angle

6

b Face of the stamp

7

undercut

8th

Lower arch dimension

8th

a Upper arch dimension

9

Bottom thickness

10

neck thickness

11

Lift-out slope of the die

12

Cut-out of the hold-down device

13

Face of the rivet

14

Surface line of the rivet

15

Transition from the front to the surface line of the rivet

16

Longitudinal axis of the rivet

Claims (25)

1. A method for connecting at least partially overlapping components ( 2 , 3 ), in particular sheet metal, in a mechanical joining process without a pre-hole with the help of an auxiliary joining part ( 1 ), characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) by an upper and lower work ( 4 , 5 , 6 ) with an axial feed movement, which is superimposed on a wobble movement of the upper tool ( 6 ), is formed in the parts to be connected ( 2 , 3 ) that in the connection area of these components ( 2 , 3 ) one under plastic deformation formed positive and / or integral connection is formed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection area of the positive and / or integral connection has at least one undercut ( 7 ) made of the material of these components ( 2 , 3 ). 3. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ), at least in the connection area, is only in contact with one of the two components even after completion of the joining process. 4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) substantially retains its shape during the joining process. 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wobble movement of a punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) is superimposed on the feed movement during the entire joining process. 6. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wobble movement of the punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) is superimposed only during part of the joining process of the feed movement. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a process force a variable from the wobble movement of the punch in the upper tool ( 6 ) dependent additional force is superimposed, the variable additional force with increasing wobble angle ( 6 a) a larger Can take on a value and can be reduced to a smaller value as the angle ( 6 a) decreases. 8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the variable force dependent on the wobble movement over the upper tool ( 5 , 6 ) is applied. 9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the variable force dependent on the wobble movement is applied via the substation ( 4 ). 10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a hold-down force of a hold-down device ( 5 ), which fixes the parts to be connected during the joining process, is freely selectable, thereby influencing the material flow in the direction of the upper or lower tool ( 4 , 5 ) is made possible. 11. The device in particular for performing the method according to claim 1 with an upper tool ( 5 , 6 ), a lower tool ( 4 ) and an auxiliary joining part ( 1 ), characterized by a wobble and axial feed movement executing punch ( 6 ) as a component of the upper tool in engagement with an essentially deformable auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) and the lower tool arranged on the opposite side of the sheets ( 2 , 3 ) to be connected. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the end face of the stamp ( 6 b) has a larger diameter than the diameter of the corre sponding end face of the auxiliary joining part ( 13 ). 13. The device according to at least one of claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the holding-down device ( 5 ), as part of the upper tool, has a recess ( 12 ) on the components ( 2 , 3 ) facing end face, which for receiving process-related displaced material is provided. 14. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the auxiliary joining part ( 1 ) is designed as a solid rivet. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the auxiliary joint part ( 1 ) is made of hardened steel. 16. The device according to at least one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the rivet in the central part ( 14 ) is concave. 17. The device according to at least one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the rivet on at least one of the end faces ( 13 ) has a transition to the jacket ( 15 ), which can be described by a drag curve. 18. The device according to at least one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the rivet on at least one of the end faces ( 13 ) has a transition to the jacket ( 15 ), which can be described by at least two chamfers. 19. The device according to at least one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the rivet is symmetrical with respect to a central orthogonal plane to the longitudinal axis ( 16 ) and thus has a further, second symmetry in addition to the rotational symmetry. 20. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the counter tool ( 4 ) for generating the necessary counterforce is substantially rigidly connected to a tool frame. 21. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the counter tool ( 4 ) for generating the necessary counterforce is movably mounted. 22. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 21, characterized in that the counter tool ( 4 ) for generating the necessary counterforce is substantially flat. 23. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 21, characterized in that the counter tool ( 4 ) has a recess with a lifting bevel. 24. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 21, characterized in that the counter tool ( 4 ) is designed as a divided and movably mounted die. 25. The device according to at least one of claims 11 to 24, characterized shows that the variable additional force dependent on the wobble movement in Ab dependence on the wobble position by a mechanical, electromagnetic or pie zoelectrically driven device is formed.