DE10053438A1 - Air conditioning system for vehicle with fan for blowing air with inner heat exchanger and compressor of variable displacement provided with displacement control unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The compressor (18) is connected with the inner heat exchanger (7) across a refrigeration circuit. Compressed refrigerant is circulated between the compressor (18) and the heat exchange (7) with a variable output. An adjusting unit adjusts the amount of air blown by the fan (6). A computer unit ensures that the power needed for the air conditioning system does not adversely affect the power needed to drive the vehicle, and the control of the compressor is carried out to ensure a stable and comfortable control of the vehicle air conditioning.

Description

The present invention relates to an air conditioner for vehicles for which at least part of the energy source from a primary mover for driving the vehicle (energy based on an internal combustion engine or an electric motors) is taken. More specifically, it refers to a Kli Measurement system for vehicles that optimal control of min at least one blower and optimal control of a comm pressors can be used as the main energy consumption equipment are provided in a refrigerant circuit if an energy restriction relative to that of the primary mover delivered energy in terms of mileage, etc. be is required. It also refers to air conditioning, which is both good driving performance and a good climate can achieve.

With an air conditioner for vehicles becomes their power source often from a primary mover to power the vehicle (Internal combustion engine or electric motor in the case of an elec trowagens). With such an air conditioning system, its energy The same source of energy as the energy for driving the vehicle ges, the control thereof is carried out so that a Increase in the energy consumed by the air conditioner is not that Driving (running) of the vehicle affected. If at play a speed of an engine higher than a predetermined Value or if an opening degree of a throttle is more than one  is a predetermined value, the displacement of a compress sors in a refrigerant circuit of an air conditioning system seen is controlled so that it is set to zero (e.g. by disengaging the clutch of the compressor). The This control is carried out without knowledge of the Compressor power consumed at the present time, namely regardless of the power consumption of the compressor.

Furthermore, with this control only the information on tä to be active / inactive the compressor to the controller for provided the primary mover. For example, during a Cooling only the information about the activity / Inactivity of a cooler to an ECU of an engine provides, and the engine-ECU leads the control to correct fuel oil consumption and throttle opening correction efficiency only through information about the activity cooler.

With such a control, ei ner low thermal cooling load (low power) Probability that the displacement of the compressor on Is set to zero (probability of disengagement of the clutch ) higher than necessary, the control becomes unstable, and there can be, for example, a variation in the temperature of the ge blown air caused.

Furthermore, especially at a time of low thermal cooling load (low power) the correction of the Fuel oil consumption or throttle opening correction efficiency levels are excessive, and therefore there is egg ne danger that an engine speed increase excessively can.

Furthermore, that of the primary mover for driving the Vehicle delivered energy as consumption energy for ver various equipment outside the compressor in the calf middle circuit used. Since the energy consumption of this ver various equipment affect the limitation of performance  flows from the primary mover to the air conditioner it is desirable that the performance restrictions control for the compressor, which acts as a main energy consumer equipment is provided, suitable with regard to the activity and energy consumption of this equipment to be led. For example, it is a blower in the Klimaan location provided. If the blower is suitable under the condition the power restriction can be controlled even in one Case where the power consumption of the compressor is limited is due to a lack of air conditioning the compressor power limitation will be increased, and the Comfort due to air conditioning could be improved. Furthermore, with a newer air conditioning system, not only that Control a temperature of the air entering the interior of the Vehicle is blown, but also a control of the heat mekomforts that the moisture inside the vehicle considered, requested. Therefore, even under one condition such a control finally, control of thermal comfort may be desired.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner able to provide for vehicles that are stable and comfortable to provide more control of the air conditioning without the Drive of the vehicle is influenced by suitably the power consumed by the compressor depending on the State at the current time and in which it is estimated suitably a fan is controlled and a lack of poss air conditioning due to a performance limitation Kung the compressor is added when it is determined that the power demanded by the compressor is the energy to start drive of the vehicle can affect, which by the Compressor power consumed should preferably be limited should, should continue to have a stable and comfortable steering air conditioning without influencing the drive Vehicle can be achieved and both a good drive performance as well as more comfortable air conditioning including the control of thermal comfort itself under the condition of performance restriction.  

This task is solved by an air conditioning system for vehicles according to claim 1.

Such an air conditioner has a blower for blowing Air and an internal heat exchanger for cooling or heating of air blown by the blower in a line that opens up to an interior of the vehicle. The air conditioner performs a vapor compression refrigeration cycle and / or a vapor compression heat pump cycle. It has a compressor variable displacement and a displacement control device to adjust the displacement of the compressor and control the Issue amount of the compressor. The compressor is with the inner heat exchanger via a refrigerant circuit bound, compresses refrigerant between the compressor and the internal heat exchanger circulates and can output change the amount of compressed refrigerant. The air conditioner has further blown a setting device for the amount ner air for setting an amount by the blower blown air on. The air conditioner has a calculation Limited power value calculation device a limited value of performance by a primary gelie to drive the vehicle to the air conditioning system is finished, and a calculation device for the amount ge blown air to calculate an amount of the Ge blow blown air on for one case at a time the air conditioning output is limited, and one Case where the power supplied to the air conditioner is not is limited, according to the limited power value that of the calculation device for the limited power value is calculated. At least one piece of information from the comp Calculation device calculated for the amount of blown air Amount of blown air used to control the compressor.

The primary mover for driving the vehicle has an elec tromotor in an electric vehicle, a fuel cell in a vehicle powered by a fuel cell is, and a composite power source in a so-called  named hybrid vehicle, with the exception of scorching motor. The internal heat exchanger also serves as a ver steamer in the case of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle and serves as Condenser in the case of the steam compression heat pump zy klus.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are in the Unteran sayings.

In the air conditioning system for vehicles, the air conditioning system can be a Compressor power estimator for estimating the power consumed by the compressor and a calculation Direction for compressor power to calculate the com Pressor have used power each time for one Case where the power supplied to the air conditioner be is limited, and a case by ge to the air conditioning delivered power is not limited, and a selection signal to control the power consumed by the compressor are sent to the displacement control device.

A limited control value of the power consumed by the compressor, which is calculated by the compressor power computing means, may be in accordance with a difference between an estimated power value of the compressor in a case where the power consumed by the compressor is limited of the compressor power estimator and a calculated limited power value can be calculated based on the limited power value calculator (e.g., an embodiment shown in FIG. 2, which will be described later).

Alternatively, a limited control value of the power consumed by the compressor may be calculated by the compressor power calculator in a case where the compressor power consumption is limited according to a difference between an estimated compressor power value based on the compressor power estimator and a calculated limited power value based on the calculation device for the limited power value. It can also be calculated by subtracting a constant value from a previous control value so that the displacement of the compressor decreases (e.g., an embodiment shown in Fig. 6, which will be described later).

Alternatively, a limited control value of the compressor consumption power can be calculated by the compressor power calculator in a case where the compressor consumption power is limited according to a difference between an estimated compressor power value based on the compressor power estimator and a calculated limited power value based on the loading Calculation device for the limited power value, as well as calculated according to information from a detection device for an output pressure for detecting or estimating a pressure of the refrigerant that is output from the compressor, the calculation device for the amount of blown air, a detection device for the air temperature on the input side of the inner heat exchanger or estimate an air temperature at the input of the inner heat exchanger, a device for detecting the speed of the Pr Imärbewers and the calculation device of the compressor power (z. An embodiment shown in Fig. 7, which will be described later).

Further, it is preferable in the air conditioner that a through Blower amount of blown air is controlled to increase takes when the power supplied to the air conditioner is restricted. Especially if the by the calculation set-up of compressor output calculated compressor ver power consumption is limited, the ge is by the fan blown air amount preferably increased. If further to the Air conditioning delivered power can be limited in one first stage the power for the compressor will be limited and in a second stage the power for the compressor be limited as well as the amount of ge by the blower  blown air can be increased. Because it can be a two step control can be carried out.

With such an air conditioner, a limited value of Power used by the primary mover to drive the vehicle is delivered to the air conditioner by the calculation establishment of the limited power value calculated according to a load condition at the current time, and optimal Amounts of air blown by the blower are in both Cases where the power supplied to the air conditioner is limited or not limited, calculated according to the calculated limited performance value, as well as the informa tion of the calculated optimal amounts of blown air for Control of the compressor can be used. When controlling for the compressor becomes the power required for the compressor adequately estimated. On the other hand, for the side of the primary the power required to drive the vehicle is calculated according to the present drive condition which calculates how much performance for the page the air conditioning system, especially for the compressor can be. According to this from the side of the primary mover limited performance can be optimal performance for the Compressor can be consumed with regard to the above The calculated amount of blown air described determines who and the compressor can be operated based on this become. Therefore, the compressor can be in an optimal condition control within the permitted usable power range without turning the controller on and off (without necessarily displacing the compressor Zero is controlled), which ensures stable air conditioning is aimed, with a variation in the blown air low is pressed. At the same time, even if the Lei Power for the compressor under a condition of performance limit is the amount of the blower blown air to an optimal condition according to a to stand to be controlled at the current time, e.g. B. can a lack of air conditioning ability caused by the Lei limitation of the compressor is caused  are supplemented by increasing the amount of blown air where is achieved through more comfortable air conditioning.

Since further that from the compressor at the current time consumed power can be detected, the compressor performance to be restricted, on an optimal condition determined depending on the current drive conditions (throttle opening, engine speed). Therefore, the Influencing the air conditioning due to the performance restriction (unstable air temperature, lack of ability) to be suppressed to a minimum.

On the other hand, on the primary mover side, since a large variation of those used on the air conditioning side Performance can be suppressed, excessive correction of fuel oil consumption or an excessive correction of the Throttle opening degrees can be prevented, and therefore can Engine speed and vehicle speed stable become. Because that is from the compressor to the current one Time consumed power can be recognized, an op maximum control for the engine can be achieved. In particular can increase the idle speed at a low thermal cooling load or an increase in engine speed a running condition at low speed on a fla Chen levels can be prevented.

The task is also solved by an air conditioning system according to An Proverbs 9

The air conditioning system receives the necessary energy from an off Giving a primary mover to drive the vehicle. The Air conditioning system has a power estimation device for Estimating the power consumed by the air conditioner, one Calculation device of the limited power value at Calculate a maximum value of power for the climate system can be used, and a detection device of Speed to record the speed of the primary mover. A be limited power value is by the calculation device  the limited power value according to the speed of the Pri calculated by the detection device for the speed is detected, and a power limitation is imposed executed so that an estimated performance value, which of the Performance estimator is estimated, not the calculate th limited power value (embodiment, taking into account the speed of the primary mover).

A preferred embodiment is in the corresponding Un claim specified.

In this embodiment, the air conditioner can detect device of the set starting amount for recording a set amount of an output of the primary tank wegers or a detector of a gradient angle for detecting a gradient angle in a running direction of the Vehicle or a detection device of the current Ge speed for detecting the driving speed of the vehicle exhibit stuff. The limited performance value can be determined by the Calculation device of the limited power value according to the speed of the primary mover or according to the set one Amount of the expenditure that is entered by the means of registration of the set issue amount is recorded, or a gradient win kels, from the detector of the gradient angle is detected, or a driving speed, which is from the Erfas solution device of the driving speed is calculated and the power limitation can be carried out by who the that an estimated performance value that from the performance is estimated, not the calculated be limited performance value.

The task is also solved by an air conditioning system according to An Proverbs 11

The air conditioning system receives at least the necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving the vehicle total The air conditioning system has a power estimation device Estimate the power consumed by the air conditioner  is a limited lei calculator performance value for calculating a maximum value of the power can be consumed by the air conditioning, and a Erfas Solution device of the cooling water temperature for detecting a Temperature of the cooling water used as a means of cooling the Pri is delivered on. A limited performance value is limited by the calculation device of the Power values calculated according to the temperature of the cooling water sers by the detection device of the cooling water temperature is detected, and a performance restriction is so led to an estimated performance value derived from the Lei is estimated, not the calculated limited performance value (embodiment that takes the cooling water temperature into account).

This task is also solved by an air conditioning system according to An Proverb 12

A suitable combination can be used for the air conditioning system become. For example, the power limitation may be due to the embodiment that the speed of the primary mover in Taking into account, and the power limitation due to the Embodiment that takes the cooling water temperature into account pulls, run together. For example, the Air conditioning needed energy from an output of the primary mover for driving the vehicle. The air conditioning system has one ne power estimation device for estimating the climate power consumed, a calculation device for the limited power value for calculating a maximum value tes of the power that can be used for the air conditioning a speed detection device for detecting the Speed of the primary mover and a detection device Cooling water temperature for detecting a temperature of the cooling water, which would serve as a means of cooling the primary mover is finished on. A first limited performance value will by the limited power calculator value calculated according to the speed of the primary mover, by the detection device of the speed is detected, a second  limited power value is calculated by the calculator the limited power value according to a temperature of the Cooling water calculated by the detector of the Cooling water temperature is detected, and a performance limit kung is performed so that a first estimated lei value estimated by the performance estimator is not the calculated first limited power value exceeds, as well as a second estimated performance value, which is estimated by the performance estimator exceed the calculated second limited power value tet.

The task is also solved by an air conditioning system according to An Proverb 13

Another combination can be used in terms of performance restriction used due to the embodiment that take into account the speed of the primary mover and the lei performance limitation due to the embodiment that the cooling water temperature taken into account. The air conditioning receives the necessary energy of an output of the primary mover to on driving the vehicle. The air conditioner has a performance Estimating device for estimating one by the air conditioner power consumed, a calculation device of the be restricted power value for calculating a maximum value the power that can be used for air conditioning a speed detection device for detecting a speed of the primary mover and a cooling water temperature detection direction for detecting the temperature of the cooling water, which as Coolant is delivered to the primary mover. A he The most limited power value is determined by the calculation direction of the limited power value according to the speed of the primary mover calculated by the speed detection device is detected, a second limited performance value is calculated by the Lei value calculated according to the temperature of the cooling water, which is detected by the cooling water temperature detection device is. The calculated first limited power value is with  compared to the calculated second limited power value, and the smaller calculated limited power value is called limited power value for the power restriction control used.

The task is also solved by an air conditioning system according to An Proverbs 14

The air conditioner receives the necessary energy from the off gear of the primary mover to drive the vehicle. she has a performance estimator for estimating one of the power consumed by the air conditioner, a calculation direction for the limited power value for calculating egg nes maximum value of the power from the air conditioning be can be used, and an operating amount recording device device for recording an amount of the operation for acceleration gen / brakes used by the driver to adjust the drive is operated by the primary mover. A limited one Power value is calculated by the calculation device of the be limited performance value according to an amount of operation for acceleration / braking calculated by the Betriebsbe support detection device is detected, and a power Restriction is done so that an estimated performance value estimated by the performance estimator do not exceed the calculated limited power value tet.

A preferred embodiment is in the associated sub saying given.

Here the air conditioning system can also be an adjustment device for Setting the thermal comfort and a calculation device for warmth comfort. The calculation device for the limited performance value may have a limited lei value according to the amount of actuation to accelerate tion / braking and a difference between a value of the the setting comfort and a heat comfort  current value of thermal comfort from the calculation facility for thermal comfort is calculated.

With these designs, the performance for the climate can location and in particular the performance for the compressor adequate be estimated by the performance estimator as well the limited value of the power to the side of the climate system is supplied, can be suitable from the current Be conditions for each factor on the primary mover side are calculated (e.g. the speed of the primary mover, a Inclination angle of the road or a driving speed of the Vehicle). Furthermore, the limited power value can be calculated be net and corri from the requirements of thermal comfort be greeded. Thus, under the condition of performance limitation of optimal control for air conditioning, optimal control for driving the vehicle and white optimal control of the air conditioning with regard to the requirements of thermal comfort are achieved all together de, which makes air conditioning more comfortable and forth excellent driving performance can be achieved.

Further features and advantages of the invention result itself from the following description of exemplary embodiments the invention with reference to the figures. From the figures show:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioning accelerator as an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the control of the air conditioner shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect control a Leistungsbeschrän for a compressor;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a control for a Ge blower;

5 is a diagram showing a two-stage control of the power limiting control for egg NEN compressor and control for a fan.

Fig. 6 is a block diagram showing another example of the control of the air conditioner shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a block diagram showing another example of the control of the air conditioner shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a suction pressure and suction pressure to a showing of a compressor;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an air conditioner accelerator as another embodiment of the front lying invention;

Fig. 10 is a block diagram showing an example of the control of the air conditioner shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a block diagram showing another example of the control of the air conditioner shown in Fig. 9;

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of the limited power value in Figures 10 and 11 shows an example of calculation shown Steue tion. and

Fig. 13 is a diagram showing a concept of a stungsbeschränkungssteuerung Lei for a com pressor according to the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows an air conditioner for vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 shows an air conditioning system with a vapor compression cooling cycle. Although a figure of a system with a vapor compression heat pump cycle is not shown, such a system is formed such that an inner heat exchanger is provided in an air line and a refrigerant circuit functions as a condenser, and an outer heat exchanger which is provided at a position outside the air line is as. Evaporator works. Fig. 2, 6 and 7 show examples of the control by a main controller as shown in FIG. Plant shown. 1

As shown in Fig. 1, the air conditioner 1 has an air line 2 that opens to the inside of the vehicle. An inner air introduction opening 4 and an outer air introduction opening 5 open at an input position of the air line 2 . A switching air damper 3 controls the ratio of the amount of air sucked in from the opening 4 to that sucked in by the opening 5 . The sucked-in air is sent into the air line 2 by a fan 6 . An evaporator 7 is provided at a position downstream from the blower 6 as an internal heat exchanger for cooling the air sent through the air duct 2 . A heating water heater 8 is provided at a position downstream from the evaporator 7 . Engine cooling water is circulated in the hot water heater 8 . An air mix door 10 is provided at a position un downstream from the hot water heater 8 . A ratio of the air that passes through the hot water heater 8 to that that bypasses the heater 8 is adjusted by adjusting the degree of opening of the air mix door 10 that is operated by an air mix door actuator 9 . The temperature-conditioned air is sent into the interior of the vehicle through corresponding air outlet openings 14 , 15 and 16 (e.g. the air outlet opening 14 for the defroster mode, the air outlet opening 15 for the ventilation mode and the air outlet opening 16 for the footwell mode).

Corresponding air flaps 11 , 12 and 13 are provided for controlling the opening / closing of the corresponding air discharge openings 14 , 15 and 16 .

A refrigerant is circulated in a refrigerant circuit 17 with a variable displacement compressor 18 . The refrigerant compressed by the compressor 18 is sent to the evaporator 7 through the condenser 19 , a header 20, and an expansion valve 21 , and the refrigerant from the evaporator 7 is drawn into the compressor 18 . In this embodiment, the output pressure or the pressure corresponding to the output pressure of the compressor 18 is detected by a pressure sensor (not shown). This output pressure can be estimated, for example, from the air temperature on the evaporator outlet side, the coolant temperature on the evaporator outlet side, etc.

The compressor 18 is driven by using a driving force due to a primary mover to drive the vehicle (e.g. an engine). The primary mover for driving the vehicle has an electric motor for an electric vehicle, a fuel cell in a vehicle that drives a fuel cell, or a composite power source in a so-called hybrid car with the exception of an internal combustion engine. In the case of using an internal combustion engine as the primary mover for driving the vehicle, the amount of its set output is controlled by a throttle opening degree (accelerator pedal). In the case of using an electric motor, the amount of its set output is controlled by the electric power applied to the motor. The displacement of the compressor 18 is controlled by an intake pressure control which is set in the compressor 18 (not shown). The displacement control signal is sent from a main controller 22 .

As the variable displacement compressor 18 , there is used a compressor in which its suction pressure and inevitably is determined and controlled in response to a displacement control signal, such as a compressor disclosed in JP 4-23114B. In such a variable displacement compressor, the control property between the intake pressure control signal and the intake pressure may show, such as. B. is shown in Fig. 8.

However, the suction pressure can be detected or estimated using the following methods (a) to (e):

• a) Detecting the intake pressure by a pressure sensor
• b) Detect the refrigerant temperature on the evaporator aisle side by a temperature sensor
• c) Detection of the air temperature on the evaporator outlet side through a temperature sensor
• d) sensing the temperature between fins of an evaporator through a temperature sensor
• e) Estimating the intake pressure from the intake pressure control signal output from the controller according to the relationship shown in FIG. 8, as shown in the embodiments described later.

To the main controller 22 , a signal of a target vehicle interior temperature from a vehicle interior temperature setting device 23 is input. The voltage of the blower 6 (speed) is controlled by a signal sent from the main controller to a blower voltage controller 24 . In this embodiment, an evaporator outlet side air temperature sensor (not shown) for detecting the evaporator outlet side air temperature is provided at a position immediately downstream of the evaporator 7 , and the detected signal is input to the main controller 22 . Further, in this embodiment, the signals of the temperature detected by the inside air temperature sensor 25 , an amount of sunshine detected by a sunshine sensor 26 , and a temperature detected by an outside air temperature sensor 27 are input to the main controller 22 . Further, signals of the throttle opening degree (accelerator pedal position) and the engine speed are input to the main controller 22 from an engine ECU (engine controller) 28 . From the main controller 22 , a signal of the estimated value of the power used for the air conditioner side, which will be calculated and estimated as shown later, is sent to the engine ECU 28 .

The following control operation is carried out in the main control 22 . FIG. 2 shows the control for the blower 6 and the compressor 18 in the air conditioning system 1 shown in FIG. 1 .

The target temperature of the blown air TOs is calculated by the following equation from a signal of the target vehicle interior temperature Trs, which is set by the vehicle interior temperature adjusting device 23 , a signal of the sunshine amount RAD, which is detected by the sunshine sensor 26 , a signal of the interior air temperature TR , which is detected by the inside air temperature sensor 25 , and a signal of the outside air temperature AMB, which is detected by the outside air temperature sensor 27 :

TOs = Kp1 (Tr - Trs) + f (AMB, RAD, Trs),

where Kp1 is a coefficient.

The blower voltage BLV, which corresponds to an amount of the air blown by the blower 6 , is calculated using the target temperature of the blown air TOs with respect to each case in which the performance of the air conditioner is restricted and a case in which the performance the air conditioner is not limited. According to the comparison between the estimated and calculated compressor power value Trq and a calculated limited power value LTD that can be provided to the air conditioning side from the energy of the primary mover for moving the vehicle, which will be described later, BLV is represented by the following equation in in the case of Trq - LTD <0:

BLV = f ₁ (TOs).

In the case of Trq - LTD ≧ 0, BLV is calculated using the following equation:

BLV = f ₂ (TOs).

The calculated BLV signals are sent to the blower voltage controller 24 .

The opening degree of the AMD air mixing flap is calculated using the following equation:

AMD = f (TOs, TW, TV),

where TW is a temperature of the engine cooling water on the input side of the hot water heater 8 and TV is a target air temperature on the evaporator output side. The signal of the calculated AMD is sent to the air mix door actuator 9 .

The target air temperature on the evaporator outlet side TV is calculated from the outside air temperature AMB using the following equation:

TV = a.AMB + b,

where a and b are constants.

The calculated compressor suction pressure PSa is calculated by the following equation:

PSa = P + In

P = Kp2. (TV - Te). , , Proportional expression

In = In - 1 - Kp2.Ki1. (TV - Te). , , Integral expression,

where Te is the air temperature on the evaporator outlet side, from an evaporator outlet air temperature sensor is detected, and Kp2 and Ki1 are coefficients.

The power Trq consumed by the compressor is estimated by calculating using the following equation:

Trq = f (BLV, Tin, Ps, Pd),

where Ps is a calculated compressor suction pressure control value and Pd is a compressor discharge pressure detected by a pressure sensor or a corresponding pressure. BLV is a blower voltage corresponding to the amount of air blown, which is calculated each time in a case where the performance of the air conditioner side is restricted and in a case where the performance of the air conditioner side is not restricted as mentioned before. Tin is calculated depending on the information of the switching status of the indoor air / outdoor air as follows. If outside air is introduced:

Tin = AMB,

in the case of indoor air circulation:

Tin = TR.

Then the limited power value LTD, from the side the primary mover is intended to drive the vehicle, namely how much power from the side of the air conditioner ver can be used, mainly from the side of the compress sors, depending on the state of the primary movement side gers at the current time.

The limited power value LTD is determined according to the corresponding properties of the restriction (LTDth, LTDne), which have been previously stored as the properties as shown in FIG. 2, relative to the throttle opening degree or the engine speed Ne. At the time, a condition of LTD = LTDne is used in the case of LTDth ≧ LTDne, and a condition of LTD = LTDth is used in the case of LTDth <LTDne.

In which the calculated compressor power estimated value Trq and the determined limited power value LTD limited by the primary mover side as described above are used, the compressor suction pressure control signal value Psb can be calculated under the condition of the power restriction by the following equation:

Psb = f (Trq - LTD) = P + In

P = Kp3. (Trq - LTD)

In = In - 1 - Kp3.Ki2. (Trq - LTD),

where Kp3 and Ki2 are coefficients. It is an op maximum compressor intake pressure control signal value under the cond calculation and determination of the power limitation, and the Proportional expression P is calculated according to a difference between the estimated compressor power value Trq and the limited Power value LTD calculated.  

Then it is determined which value should be selected by the aforementioned compressor suction pressure control signal value Psa, from the requirements of the control for the air conditioning is calculated, and the compressor suction described above pressure control signal value Psb under the power restriction limit condition that requires control of the primary mover becomes.

In the case of Trq - LTD <0:
(a case where it is not necessary to limit the compressor side performance)

Ps = Psa

chosen.

Alternatively in the case of Trq - LTD ≧ 0:
(a case where it is necessary to limit the performance of the compressor side)

Ps = Psb

chosen.

The selected Ps is sent to the suction pressure controller of the compressor 18 as an actual compressor suction pressure control signal.

Thus, both the driving condition of a vehicle and the request from the air conditioning side at the present time are considered, and the need for the power restriction control of the air conditioning side is determined, and optimal control of the compressor 18 under the condition at the current time can be achieved if a power restriction is necessary.

The power restriction control of the compressor 18 is performed, for example, as shown in FIG. 3.

In the normal state, in which the capacity limitation control of the compressor is not necessary, the capacity is controlled according to the calculated estimated compressor capacity Trq. In a state where the estimated compressor power value Trq exceeds the limited power value LTD in, for example, a high load condition of the engine, the power for the compressor is appropriately restricted so as not to affect the driving condition of the vehicle, etc. In Fig. 3, the punctured Li never indicates a characteristic of the compressor performance in a case where the power restriction control is not performed.

In the present invention, in addition to such a power restriction control for the compressor, the amount of air blown by the blower is controlled to an optimal state. More specifically, by increasing the amount of blown air in accordance with the performance restriction control for the compressor, a lack of air conditioning ability due to the compressor output restriction control can be supplemented by the increase in the amount of blown air, thereby achieving more comfortable air conditioning. This control is carried out, for example, as shown in the following table.

The above-described control of the amount of blown air from the blower can be performed, for example, as shown in FIG. 4. With this control, the blower voltage BLV can be controlled relative to the target temperature of the blown air Tos so that it increases, as shown by the solid line in Fig. 4, in comparison with an ordinary state, as shown by the dotted line is shown in Fig. 4.

Furthermore, the above-described compressor capacity restriction control and the control of the increase in the amount of blown air in two step control areas can be set differently from each other. For example, as shown in Fig. 5, when power restriction control is necessary, the compressor output can be restricted first in a higher control area (set power restriction value: LTD2), and in a lower control area the compressor output can be restricted to a small one Extent be limited (set performance limit value: LTD1), and at the same time the amount of the blown air can be controlled so that it increases. With such a control, a more suitable power limitation control and more comfortable air conditioning due to the increase in the amount of blown air can be achieved in good balance at the same time.

FIGS. 6 and 7 show example of the control according to the invention differently before lying on the gezeig th in Fig. 2 example. The calculation and the control with the exception of the calculation of the control signal value of the compressor suction pressure (power restriction) are substantially the same as those shown in FIG. 2.

In the control shown in Fig. 6, the control signal value Psb of the compressor suction pressure is calculated under a condition of a power restriction by the following equation:

Psb = f (Trq - LTD) = P + In

P = C + Psb '

In = In - 1.Kp3.Ki2. (Trq - LTD).

In comparison with the control shown in Fig. 2, the proportional expression P is calculated by subtracting a constant value C from a previous control value Psb ', so that the displacement of the compressor decreases. In practice, although the equation of P is expressed as the addition of the equation described above, subtraction is performed as the calculation of the compressor displacement since the displacement of the compressor becomes smaller as Psb increases.

In the control shown in Fig. 7, the control signal value Psb of the compressor suction pressure is calculated under a condition of the capacity limitation by the following equation:

Psb = f (Trq - LTD) = P + In

P = f (Pd, BLV, Tei, Ne, Trq)

In = In - 1 - Kp3.Ki2. (Trq - LTD).

Namely, in comparison with the controller shown in Fig. 2, the proportional expression P is calculated according to the information obtained from a detected or estimated value of the refrigerant pressure Pd output, the blower voltage BLV corresponding to the amount of the blown air, the air temperature of the input side internal heat exchanger Tei, the engine speed Ne and the estimated compressor power value Trq.

In the case of the control shown in Figs. 6 and 7, lack of air conditioning ability due to the compressor capacity limitation can be appropriately supplemented by the control for increasing the amount of blown air, and therefore comfortable air conditioning can be realized even under a condition of the capacity limitation.

Fig. 9 shows an air conditioner for vehicles according to an embodiment of the present invention ren walls. The structure shown in FIG. 9 is substantially the same as that shown in FIG. 1, except for a gyro 29 which is provided for detecting an inclination angle of the road while the vehicle is running. The signal of the gradient information from the gyro 29 is sent to the main controller 22 .

The main controller 22 includes a limited power value calculator for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be used for the air conditioner. From the engine ECU 28 , signals of a throttle opening degree, an engine speed, a vehicle speed, and an engine cooling water temperature are input to the main controller 22 .

In the main controller 22 , the following control is performed. FIG. 10 shows the control for the compressor 18 in the air conditioner 1 shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 12 shows an example of the calculation of a limited power value in the control.

In Fig. 10, the calculations of the target temperature of the blown air TOs, the blower voltage BLV, the air mix door opening degree AMD, the target air temperature of the evaporator outlet side TV, the calculated compressor suction pressure Psa and the estimated compressor power consumption Trq are essentially the same as those of the previous one mentioned execution form.

Then the limited power value LTD, from the side the primary mover for driving a vehicle how much power from the side of the air conditioner can be used mainly for the side of the comm pressors, are calculated depending on the state of the Primary mover side at the current time.

In the calculation of the limited power value LTD, as shown in Fig. 12, a limited power value LB for each factor according to a signal of the hot water temperature (engine cooling water temperature) Wt, a signal of the throttle opening degree Th, a signal of the engine speed Ne, a signal of the angle of inclination and a signal of the vehicle speed SP is calculated.

An example of coping with an engine stall / stall (e.g. starting at idle), a running load W is calculated by the following equation based on the fact that it would be constant regardless of the driver's expectation for the driver Air conditioning (cooling):

W = A - B,

where A is the drive energy and B the load of the auxiliary machine (Compressor, alternator, etc.).

A limited power value LB1 at the time is calculated by the following equation:

LB1 = AL - W,

where AL is a limit drive energy and AL and W are calculated by the following equations:

AL = f (Ne, Th),

W = f (An, Sp).

Another example regarding a limited power value LB2, which relates to the hot water temperature, then the following equation is used, for example:

LB2 = f (Wt).

LB2 is assumed to be constant regardless of the driver's expectations of the air conditioning (cooling). In this case, for example, in the area where the hot water temperature is lower than 90 ° C, the power limitation due to the limited power value LB2 of the compressor is not carried out by this factor. In the area where the hot water temperature is not lower than 90 ° C, LB2 is determined, for example, from the property shown in FIG. 12.

Another example relating to a limited power value LB3 relating to the property of the acceleration is, for example, the following equation:

LB3 = f (x).

LB3 is assumed to be variable depending on the correction of the driver's expectations regarding the air conditioning (cooling). x is a variable that depends, for example, on the throttle opening degree Th, as shown by the graph in FIG. 12. As shown in the diagram in Fig. 12, when the expectation is high, the compressor limited power value LB3 by this factor is determined to be high. The compressor's limited power value LB3 is determined depending on the degree of expectation for the air conditioning (cooling) whether it is high, medium or low.

The expectation of the air conditioning (cooling) is determined by (Expectation of the air conditioning (cooling)) = (heat com.value at the current time) - (set heat com.value), and this expectation level is expressed as follows:

Expected value = f (set temperature) - f (Amount of sunshine, vehicle interior temperature, blower Tension).

The LB1, LB2 and LB3 described above are compared and a minimum value LBmin is selected. Then the compressor's limited power value LTD is determined as follows:

LBmin = LTD,

and the particular LTD is considered a limited performance tax first signal of the compressor is output.

In this embodiment of the present invention namely a limited performance value of the compressor for each determines the factor that relates to the drive power pulls, and the corresponding limited power values that from the appropriate factors are calculated as constant values that are not classified by air conditioning influencing factors and classified into values, which are corrected by air conditioning factors. Then it will be the limited performance value of a factor that is dependent The conditions of the air conditioning vary, corrected. Then the corresponding limited performance values, which have been calculated from the relevant factors, compared with each other, and a minimal value among them  is used as a controller as the limited power control gnal of the compressor.

In which the calculated estimate of the compressor power Trq as described above and the certain limited power value LTD as described above are used, the control signal value of the compressor suction pressure Psb becomes under a condition of the power restriction by the following equation in the same manner which was previously calculated:

Psb = f (Trq - LTD) = P + In

P = Kp3. (Trq - LTD)

In = In - 1 - Kp3.Ki2 (Trq - LTD).

Then it is determined which value among the aforementioned Control signal values of the compressor suction pressure Psa selected should be based on the requirements of the control of the Kli system and the control signal value of the compress mentioned above soran suction pressure Psb under the power restriction condition is calculated by the controller for the primary mover is required.

Namely in the case of Trq - LTD <0:
(in the event that it is not necessary to limit the performance of the compressor side)

Ps = Psa

chosen.

Alternatively in the case of Trq - LTD ≧ 0:
(in the case where it is necessary to limit the performance of the compressor side)

Ps = Psb

chosen.

The selected Ps is sent to the intake pressure control of the compressor 18 as the actual control signal of the compressor intake pressure.

Thus, both the driving condition of the vehicle and the request from the air conditioner side at the current time are considered, and the need for the power restriction control on the air conditioner side is determined, and optimal control for the compressor 18 under the condition at the present time can be achieved if a performance restriction is necessary. The concept of such limitation control of the compressor performance is expressed, for example, as shown in FIG. 13.

With such a limitation control of the compressor performance can, because the power consumed by the compressor is small and the displacement of the compressor does not become unnecessary Zero is controlled under a condition where essentially do not control the displacement of the compressor to zero must be tested (low thermal cooling load condition), one stable temperature of the conditioned air can be achieved.

Since further that from the compressor at the current time consumed power can be detected, the compressor performance that should be limited to an optimal loading condition depending on the current drive conditions (Degree of throttle opening, engine speed) can be determined. Therefore can affect the air conditioning due to performance limitation (unstable air temperature, lack of ability) can be suppressed to a minimum, and he can comfort be raised. Since further the thermal comfort for the control be can be taken into account, the comfort can be further increased the.

As an estimated performance for the compressor continues to the current time can be recognized, can be optimal Control for the engine can be achieved. Therefore, an increase idle speed at low thermal cooling load or excessive increase in vehicle speed or engine speed is prevented in a drive condition become.  

Since the compressor performance continues to the optimal condition is controlled, it is not necessary to have a clutch to each Time to disengage when an increase in engine speed like conventional technology is required, and therefore the frequency of the torque shock due to the clutch indentation and disengagement are reduced.

FIG. 11 shows another example of the power restriction control that is different from that in FIG. 10. In FIG. 11, the calculation and control that are not the calculation of the compressor suction pressure control signal value (power restriction) are substantially the same as those shown in FIG. 10.

In the control shown in Fig. 11, the control signal value Psb of the compressor suction pressure under the condition of the power limitation is calculated by the following equation:

Psb = f (Trq - LTD) = P + In

P = f (Pd, BLV, Tei, Ne, Trq)

In = In - 1 - Kp3.Ki2. (Trq - LTD).

In comparison with the controller shown in Fig. 10, the proportional expression P is calculated according to the information obtained from a detected or estimated value of the output refrigerant pressure Pd, the blower voltage BLV corresponding to the amount of blown air, the air temperature on the input side of the inside Heat exchanger Tei, the engine speed Ne and the estimated compressor power value Trq. An advantage similar to that of FIG. 10 can also be achieved in the control shown in FIG. 11.

Thus, the limited performance value for the air conditioner from the tax conditions of the relevant factors on the Calculate the side of the vehicle drive at the current time net, and further the limited performance value for the Air conditioning system corrected and from the requirements of heating continues to be calculated, and therefore both optimal operation Air conditioning control as well as optimal operation Control of the drive of the vehicle achieved, that is  more comfortable air conditioning and a better drive power.

Several embodiments have been described. The invention also includes a combination of the embodiments.

Claims (15)

1. Air conditioning system ( 1 ) for vehicles
with a blower ( 6 ) for blowing air and an internal heat exchanger ( 7 ) for cooling or heating the air blown by the blower ( 6 ) in a line ( 2 ) which opens to an interior of the vehicle,
the air conditioning system ( 1 ) having a vapor compression cooling cycle and / or a vapor compression heat pump cycle,
with a compressor ( 18 ) variable displacement and a Ver displacement control device ( 22 ) for adjusting the displacement of the compressor ( 18 ) and controlling the output amount of the compressor ( 18 ),
wherein the compressor (18) is connected to the internal heat exchanger (7) via a refrigerant circuit, circulates compressed refrigerant between the compressor (18) and the inner Wär exchanger (7) and can change an output amount of the compressed refrigerant, and
wherein the air conditioning system ( 1 ) has a setting device for the amount of blown air for adjusting the amount of blown air by the blower ( 6 ),
further comprising a limited power value calculator for calculating a limited power value supplied to the air conditioner ( 6 ) from a primary mover for driving a vehicle, and
a calculation device for an amount of blown air for calculating the amount of the air blown by the blower ( 6 ),
each for a case where the power supplied to the air conditioner ( 1 ) is restricted and a case where the power supplied to the air conditioner ( 1 ) is not restricted according to the restricted power value determined by the calculation means for the limited power value is calculated,
wherein at least information of the blown air value calculated by the blown air amount calculating means is used to control the compressor ( 18 ). 2. The air conditioner according to claim 1, a compressor power estimator for estimating the power consumed by the compressor ( 18 ) and
a calculation device for a compressor performance for calculating the power consumed by the compressor power for each of a case in which that is limited to the air conditioner (1) supplied power, and a case where the conditioning system to the Kli (1) power delivered is not limited,
wherein a selected signal for controlling the power consumed by the compressor ( 18 ) is sent to the displacement control device ( 22 ). The air conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a limited control value of the power consumed by the compressor ( 18 ) calculated by the compressor power calculating means in a case where the power consumed by the compressor is restricted according to a difference is calculated between an estimated compressor power value based on the compressor power estimator and a calculated limited power value based on the limited power value calculator. 4. Air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein a limited control value of the power consumed by the compressor ( 18 ) calculated by the compressor power calculating means in a case where the power consumed by the compressor is restricted is calculated according to a difference between an estimated compressor power value due to the Estimating means of the compressor power and a calculated limited power value based on the calculating means of the limited power value,
is also calculated by subtracting a constant value from a previous control value so that the displacement of the compressor ( 18 ) is reduced. 5. Air conditioning system according to claim 1 or 2,
wherein a limited control value of the power consumed by the compressor calculated by the compressor power calculating means in a case where the power consumed by the compressor is limited is calculated according to a difference between an estimated compressor power value due to the estimating means the compressor power and a calculated limited power value based on the calculation device of the restricted power value,
is also calculated according to information from an output pressure detection device for detecting or estimating a pressure of the refrigerant output from the compressor ( 18 ), information from the blown air amount calculation device, information from an air temperature detection device An input side of the inner heat exchanger ( 7 ) for detecting or estimating the air temperature at the input of the inner heat exchanger ( 7 ), information from a recognition device, the speed of the primary mover and information from the calculation device of the compressor power. 6. Air conditioner according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amount of air blown by the blower ( 6 ) is increased when the power supplied to the air conditioner ( 1 ) is limited. 7. The air conditioner according to claim 6, wherein the amount of air blown by the blower ( 6 ) is increased when the power consumed by the compressor calculated by the compressor power calculation means is restricted. 8. The air conditioner according to any one of the preceding claims, is limited in that when the power supplied to the air conditioner be is limited, in a first stage, the power for the com pressor (18) and in a second stage, the power for the compressor (18 ) is limited and the air blown by the blower ( 6 ) is increased. 9. air conditioning system for vehicles that receives at least a necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving a vehicle,
with a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioner,
with a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a limited power value calculating means for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be used for the air conditioner ( 1 ), and
a speed detection device for detecting the speed (Ne) of the primary mover,
wherein a limited power value is calculated by the limited power value calculator according to the rotation speed (Ne) of the primary mover detected by the rotation speed detection device, and
a power restriction is performed so that an estimated power value estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated limited power value. 10. Air conditioning system according to claim 9,
with a detection device for a set amount of the output for detecting a set amount of the output of the primary mover or a detection device for an angle of inclination for detecting an angle of inclination (An) in a running direction of the vehicle, or a detection device for a driving speed for detecting the driving speed of the vehicle ,
wherein the limited power value is calculated by the calculation device for the limited power value according to the speed (Ne) of the primary mover and a set amount recognized by the recognition device of the set amount of the output, or an inclination angle (An) which is recognized by the detection device of the inclination angle, or a driving speed that is recognized by the detection device of the driving speed,
the power restriction being performed so that a power value estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated limited power value. 11. Air conditioning system for vehicles that receives at least a necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving a vehicle
a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a limited power value calculator for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be used by the air conditioner ( 1 ), and
a detection device for a cooling water temperature for detecting a temperature (Wt) of the cooling water, which is supplied as a means for cooling the primary mover,
wherein a limited power value is calculated by the calculation device of the limited power value according to a temperature of the cooling water, which is detected by the detection device of the cooling water temperature,
wherein a power restriction is performed so that a power value estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated limited power value. 12. Air conditioning system for vehicles which receives at least a necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving a vehicle.
with a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a calculation device for a limited power value for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a speed detection device for detecting a speed (Ne) of the primary mover, and a cooling water temperature detection device for detecting a temperature (Wt) of cooling water, which is supplied as a means for cooling the primary mover,
wherein a first limited power value is calculated by the calculation device for the limited power value according to a speed (Ne) of the primary mover, which is detected by the speed detection device,
a second limited power value is calculated by the calculation device of the limited power value according to a temperature (Wt) of the cooling water, which is detected by the cooling water temperature detection device,
wherein a power restriction is performed so that the first estimated power value estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated first limited power value, and a second estimated power value estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated second limited power value exceeds. 13. Air conditioning system for vehicles which receives at least a necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving a vehicle.
with a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a calculation device for a limited power value for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be used for the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a speed detection device for detecting a speed (Ne) of the primary mover, and
a cooling water temperature detection device for detecting a temperature (Wt) of cooling water which is supplied as a means for cooling the primary mover,
wherein a first limited power value is calculated by the limited power value calculating means according to a rotational speed (Ne) of the primary mover detected by the rotational speed detection means,
a second limited power value is calculated by the calculation device of the limited power value according to a temperature (Wt) of the cooling water, which is detected by the cooling water temperature detection device,
wherein the calculated first limited power value is compared with the calculated second limited power value and the smaller calculated limited power value is used as the limited power value for the power restriction control. 14. Air conditioning system for vehicles that receives at least a necessary energy from an output of a primary mover for driving a vehicle.
with a power estimation device for estimating a power consumed by the air conditioning system ( 1 ),
a limited power value calculator for calculating a maximum value of the power that can be consumed by the air conditioner ( 1 ), and
a detection device of an actuation amount for detecting an amount of actuation for accelerating / braking, which is actuated by a driver to set the drive force of the primary mover,
wherein a limited power value is calculated by the limited power value calculator according to an amount of accelerating / decelerating operation detected by the operating amount detection means,
wherein a power restriction is performed so that an estimated power estimated by the power estimator does not exceed the calculated limited power value. 15. Air conditioning system according to claim 14,
with an adjustment device for thermal comfort and a calculation device for thermal comfort,
wherein the limited power calculation means calculates the limited power value according to the amount of operation for accelerating / braking and a difference between a value of the thermal comfort set by the thermal comfort setting means and a current value of the thermal comfort is calculated by the calculation device of thermal comfort.