DE1003364B - Nuclear reactor - Google Patents
Nuclear reactorInfo
- Publication number
- DE1003364B DE1003364B DEST8297A DEST008297A DE1003364B DE 1003364 B DE1003364 B DE 1003364B DE ST8297 A DEST8297 A DE ST8297A DE ST008297 A DEST008297 A DE ST008297A DE 1003364 B DE1003364 B DE 1003364B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- nuclear reactor
- moderator
- room
- partition wall
- reactor according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/20—Partitions or thermal insulation between fuel channel and moderator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/08—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling water reactor, integral super-heat reactor, pressurised water reactor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
- G21C1/04—Thermal reactors ; Epithermal reactors
- G21C1/06—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated
- G21C1/22—Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are separated using liquid or gaseous fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Kernreaktor, in dem schweres Wasser als Moderator anzuwenden ist.The invention relates to a nuclear reactor in which heavy water is used as a moderator is.
Bekanntlich kann bei diesen Reaktoren die frei werdende Wärme dadurch gewonnen werden, daß man das schwere Wasser durch einen Wärmeaustauscher zirkulieren läßt. Damit ist jedoch der Nachteil verbunden, daß diese Reaktoren für den bei der Energiegewinnung erforderlichen Betrieb auf hohem Temperaturniveau weniger gut geeignet sind, weil eine Erhitzung des schweren Wassers eine beträchtliche Verringerung der moderierenden Eigenschaften hervorruft. It is known that the heat released in these reactors can be obtained by circulates the heavy water through a heat exchanger. However, this has the disadvantage that these reactors for the operation required for energy generation at a high temperature level are less suitable because heating the heavy water considerably Induces reduction in moderating properties.
Man hat darum vorgeschlagen, die entwickelte Wärme mit einer gesonderten Flüssigkeit abzuführen. Uran- oder Uranoxydstäbe können z. B. in der Weise verwendet werden, daß man diese Stäbe, in eine dünne Aluminiumhülse eingeschlossen, in eine zirkulierende Flüssigkeit hängt, die durch einen Wärmeaustauscher befördert wird. Wird eine Suspension von Spaltungsmaterial angewandt, so kann durch Zirkulation dieser Suspension durch einen Wärmeaustauscher eine Abfuhr von Wärme stattfinden.It has therefore been proposed to dissipate the heat generated with a separate liquid. Uranium or uranium oxide rods can e.g. B. can be used in such a way that you can these rods in a thin Enclosed aluminum sleeve, hangs in a circulating fluid passing through a heat exchanger is promoted. If a suspension of cleavage material is used, this can be caused by circulation In the suspension, heat can be dissipated through a heat exchanger.
In all diesen Fällen wird jedoch keine Lösung für die Schwierigkeit gegeben, daß der Moderator nicht nur durch die bei der Abbremsung der Neutronen und die Absorption der y-Quanten entwickelte Wärme erhitzt wird, sondern auch durch die Wärmeübertragung durch die Trennungswand zwischen dem Raum, in dem sich der Moderator befindet, und dem Raum, wo den Kernspaltungsprozessen zufolge eine hohe Temperatur vorherrscht.In all of these cases, however, no solution is given to the difficulty that the moderator does not only heated by the heat developed during the deceleration of the neutrons and the absorption of the y-quanta but also through the heat transfer through the partition wall between the room in where the moderator is located and the room where the nuclear fission processes result in a high temperature prevails.
Diese Trennungswand darf naturgemäß nur möglichst wenig Neutronen absorbieren, und es wird deswegen eine möglichst dünne Wanddicke gewählt. Zu diesem Zweck hat man als Konstruktionsmaterial bereits Aluminium vorgeschlagen.Naturally, this partition must only absorb as few neutrons as possible, and so it will a wall thickness that is as thin as possible is selected. For this purpose one has as a construction material already proposed aluminum.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß sich eine Trennungswand mit guten wärmeisolierenden Eigenschaften für Kernreaktoren mit schwerem Wasser als Moderator erzielen läßt, ohne daß die neutronenabsorbierenden Eigenschaften zu unzulässigen Werten ansteigen, indem man sie an der dem Raum für den Moderator zugewendeten Seite mit einer porösen Substanz verkleidet, die an sich eine nur geringe Neutronenabsorption aufweist. Die Poren dieser Substanz füllen sich dann beim Betrieb des Reaktors mit schwerem Wasser, wodurch eine sehr gute Wärmeisolation erreicht wird.It has now been found that a partition wall with good heat insulating properties for Nuclear reactors with heavy water as a moderator can be achieved without the neutron absorbing Properties rise to impermissible values by adding them to the room for the moderator facing side covered with a porous substance, which in itself only has a low neutron absorption having. The pores of this substance then fill with heavy weight when the reactor is in operation Water, which achieves very good thermal insulation.
Als poröse Substanz kann Kohlenstoff oder Aluminiumoxyd genommen werden. Vorzugsweise jedoch wird als poröse Substanz leicht gesintertes Berylliumoxyd angewandt.Carbon or aluminum oxide can be used as the porous substance. Preferably however, lightly sintered beryllium oxide is used as the porous substance.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß, wenn die Trennungs-It has been found that when the separation
Anmelder:Applicant:
Stiditing Reactor Centrum Nederlanci,
's-GravenhageStiditing Reactor Centrum Nederlanci,
's-Gravenhage
Vertreter: Dr. F. Zumstein
und Dipl.-Chem. Dr. rer. nat. E. Assmann,
Patentanwälte, München 2, Bräuhausstr. 4Representative: Dr. F. Zumstein
and Dipl.-Chem. Dr. rer. nat. E. Assmann,
Patent Attorneys, Munich 2, Bräuhausstr. 4th
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Niederlande vom 12. Juni 1953Claimed priority:
Netherlands 12 June 1953
Jan Jacobus Went, Arnhem (Niederlande),
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenJan Jacobus Went, Arnhem (Netherlands),
has been named as the inventor
wand zwischen dem eigentlichen Reaktorraum und dem Raum für den Moderator mit einer Schicht leicht gesinterten Berylliumoxyds von 1 cm Dicke verkleidet ist, bei einem Temperaturabfall von 250° C über der Wand nur 7% der im Reaktor entwickelten Wärme von dem Moderator abgeführt zu werden braucht. Da 5% dieser Wärme beim Abbremsen von Neutronen und der Absorption von y-Quanten in dem Moderator selbst entwickelt wird, wird somit nur 2% mittels Wärmeleitung durch die Wand übertragen.walled between the actual reactor room and the room for the moderator with one layer sintered beryllium oxide 1 cm thick, with a temperature drop of 250 ° C above the Wall only 7% of the heat developed in the reactor needs to be removed by the moderator. There 5% of this heat when decelerating neutrons and absorbing y-quanta in the moderator is developed in-house, only 2% is transferred through the wall by means of heat conduction.
Wird weiterhin die eigentliche Trennungswand ganz aus stark gesintertem Berylliumoxyd hergestellt, so ergibt sich z. B. die Möglichkeit, den Reaktor in solcher Weise auszubilden, daß darin eine Menge Plutonium entwickelt werden kann, die sich mit der Menge U235, welche verschwindet, vergleichen läßt, wenn als Kernbrennstoff natürliches oder an U235 nur wenig angereichertes Uran verwendet wird. Vorzugsweise wird der Kernbrennstoff in diesem Fall in Form einer Suspension in schwerem Wasser verwendet. Als Reflektor kann schweres Wasser oder Berylliumoxyd angewandt werden.If the actual partition wall continues to be made entirely of strongly sintered beryllium oxide, z. B. the possibility of designing the reactor in such a way that an amount of plutonium can be developed in it, which can be compared with the amount of U 235 , which disappears when natural uranium or uranium only slightly enriched in U 235 is used as nuclear fuel. In this case, the nuclear fuel is preferably used in the form of a suspension in heavy water. Heavy water or beryllium oxide can be used as a reflector.
Bei einem bekannten Kernreaktor ist die Trennungswand, welche z. B. aus Aluminium besteht, an der dem eigentlichen Reaktorraum zugewendeten Seite mit einem zum Teil porösen Wärmeschutz verkleidet, welcher aus zwei Schichten besteht. Die Konstruktion der Trennungswand nach der Erfindung ermöglicht eine wesentlich einfachere Ausführung, weil durch den Gebrauch des in die Poren der porösen SubstanzIn a known nuclear reactor, the partition wall which, for. B. consists of aluminum on which the the actual reactor room facing side covered with a partially porous heat protection, which consists of two layers. The construction of the partition wall according to the invention allows a much simpler design, because through the use of the in the pores of the porous substance
609 837/368609 837/368
eingedrungenen schweren Wassers als Wärmeisolator sich die Anwendung eines gesonderten wärmeisolierenden Materials erübrigt. Weiterhin ist die bevorzugte Wahl des Berylliumoxyds als Träger des Wärmeschutzes überraschend, weil dieser Stoff an sich eine sehr gute Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweist, jedoch der geringen Absorptionsfähigkeit für Neutronen halber besonders brauchbar ist.penetrated heavy water as a heat insulator is the application of a separate heat insulating Materials unnecessary. Furthermore, the preferred choice of beryllium oxide as the carrier is Heat protection surprising, because this material has a very good thermal conductivity, however, it is particularly useful because of its low absorption capacity for neutrons.
Um die Trennungswand nicht unnötig schwer zu beanspruchen, so daß man sich mit einer dünnen Wand begnügen kann, wird der Unterschied der Drücke zu beiden Seiten der Wand vorzugsweise unterhalb eines bestimmten Wertes gehalten. Welcher Druckunterschied eben noch zulässig ist, wird durch die Beschaffenheit der Trennungswand und den Temperaturunterschied, dem diese Wand ausgesetzt ist, bedingt. Vorzugsweise wird der Druckunterschied praktisch gleich Null gehalten, oder der Druck wird an der Seite des Moderators etwas höher angesetzt als der Druck an der Seite des Kernbrennstoffes. Dies ist von be- ao sonderem Interesse, falls der Kernbrennstoff in Form einer Suspension in schwerem Wasser angewandt wird. Eine etwaige Druckregulierung erfolgt vorzugsweise automatisch.In order not to stress the partition wall unnecessarily heavy, so that you have to deal with a thin wall can be satisfied, the difference in pressures on both sides of the wall is preferably below one held a certain value. Which pressure difference is still permissible is determined by the nature the partition wall and the temperature difference to which this wall is exposed. Preferably the pressure difference is kept practically zero or the pressure is on the side of the moderator is set slightly higher than the pressure on the side of the nuclear fuel. This is from be ao of particular interest if the nuclear fuel is used in the form of a suspension in heavy water will. Any pressure regulation is preferably carried out automatically.
Die poröse Substanz kann auf verschiedene Weise an der eigentlichen Trennungswand angebracht werden. Zur Verkleidung rohrförmiger Wände können z. B. ringförmige Teile benutzt werden, die lose um die Röhre geschoben werden, oder auch halbkreisförmige Teile, die an die Röhre angeschmiegt werden.The porous substance can be attached to the actual partition wall in various ways. To cover tubular walls z. B. annular parts are used that loosely around the tube are pushed, or semicircular parts that are clung to the tube.
Claims (4)
Schweizerische Patentschrift Nr. 286 658.Considered publications:
Swiss patent specification No. 286 658.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL322467X | 1953-06-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1003364B true DE1003364B (en) | 1957-02-28 |
Family
ID=19784038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEST8297A Pending DE1003364B (en) | 1953-06-12 | 1954-06-11 | Nuclear reactor |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (2) | BE529535A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH322467A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1003364B (en) |
| FR (2) | FR1105732A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB751429A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL179079B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1108340B (en) * | 1958-05-14 | 1961-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Thermal insulation made up of layers for the moderator boiler of a nuclear reactor |
| DE1241540B (en) * | 1959-05-30 | 1967-06-01 | Ursula Diebner Geb Sachsse | Arrangement of a multi-zone reactor with natural uranium as nuclear fuel |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB797485A (en) * | 1955-11-24 | 1958-07-02 | Asea Ab | Improvements in low temperature nuclear reactors |
| DE1029949B (en) * | 1956-11-10 | 1958-05-14 | Siemens Ag | Nuclear fuel element |
| DE1216446B (en) * | 1957-04-30 | 1966-05-12 | Siemens Ag | Heat isolator for the moderator room of liquid-moderated nuclear reactors |
| GB866782A (en) * | 1957-06-24 | 1961-05-03 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to cooling systems for nuclear reactors |
| US3091581A (en) * | 1958-03-03 | 1963-05-28 | Martin Marietta Corp | Fissionable fuel capsules and method of manufacturing same |
| DE1140652B (en) * | 1958-04-22 | 1962-12-06 | Entwicklung Veb | Process and device for fuel supply, fuel flow and fuel extraction in reactors |
| US3006832A (en) * | 1958-05-09 | 1961-10-31 | Martin Co | Method of making nuclear fuel elements |
| BE581473A (en) * | 1958-08-08 | |||
| BE591447A (en) * | 1959-06-03 | |||
| US3145150A (en) * | 1960-01-04 | 1964-08-18 | North American Aviation Inc | Fuel-moderator element for a nuclear reactor and method of making |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH286658A (en) * | 1950-11-09 | 1952-10-31 | Sulzer Ag | Process for harnessing atomic energy and nuclear reactor for carrying out the process. |
-
0
- NL NL91448D patent/NL91448C/xx active
- BE BE529536D patent/BE529536A/xx unknown
- NL NLAANVRAGE7405884,B patent/NL179079B/en unknown
- BE BE529535D patent/BE529535A/xx unknown
-
1954
- 1954-06-10 CH CH322467D patent/CH322467A/en unknown
- 1954-06-10 CH CH322468D patent/CH322468A/en unknown
- 1954-06-11 GB GB17265/54A patent/GB751429A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-06-11 GB GB17264/54A patent/GB752152A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-06-11 DE DEST8297A patent/DE1003364B/en active Pending
- 1954-06-12 FR FR1105732D patent/FR1105732A/en not_active Expired
- 1954-06-12 FR FR1105733D patent/FR1105733A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH286658A (en) * | 1950-11-09 | 1952-10-31 | Sulzer Ag | Process for harnessing atomic energy and nuclear reactor for carrying out the process. |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1108340B (en) * | 1958-05-14 | 1961-06-08 | Siemens Ag | Thermal insulation made up of layers for the moderator boiler of a nuclear reactor |
| DE1241540B (en) * | 1959-05-30 | 1967-06-01 | Ursula Diebner Geb Sachsse | Arrangement of a multi-zone reactor with natural uranium as nuclear fuel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1105733A (en) | 1955-12-07 |
| GB751429A (en) | 1956-06-27 |
| NL91448C (en) | 1900-01-01 |
| GB752152A (en) | 1956-07-04 |
| NL179079B (en) | 1900-01-01 |
| CH322467A (en) | 1957-06-15 |
| BE529536A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
| CH322468A (en) | 1957-06-15 |
| FR1105732A (en) | 1955-12-07 |
| BE529535A (en) | 1900-01-01 |
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